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Ul Haq I, Khan TA, Krukiewicz K. Etiology, pathology, and host-impaired immunity in medical implant-associated infections. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:189-203. [PMID: 38113816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Host impaired immunity and pathogens adhesion factors are the key elements in analyzing medical implant-associated infections (MIAI). The infection chances are further influenced by surface properties of implants. This review addresses the medical implant-associated pathogens and summarizes the etiology, pathology, and host-impaired immunity in MIAI. Several bacterial and fungal pathogens have been isolated from MIAI; together, they form cross-kingdom species biofilms and support each other in different ways. The adhesion factors initiate the pathogen's adherence on the implant's surface; however, implant-induced impaired immunity promotes the pathogen's colonization and biofilm formation. Depending on the implant's surface properties, immune cell functions get slow or get exaggerated and cause immunity-induced secondary complications resulting in resistant depression and immuno-incompetent fibro-inflammatory zone that compromise implant's performance. Such consequences lead to the unavoidable and straightforward conclusion for the downstream transformation of new ideas, such as the development of multifunctional implant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Tecnológica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Taj Ali Khan
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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2
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Yan K, Yin H, Wang J, Cai Y. Subtle relationships between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi in patients with cystic fibrosis. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:425-435. [PMID: 33242290 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1852850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common hereditary lung diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) and Candida albicans (CA) are the principal bacterial and fungal pathogens in the airways of CF patients. The interactions of coexisting bacterial-fungal pathogens are of great interest. In the present work, we reviewed the literature of available in vitro and in vivo studies, whereas most of the reports have shown that PA inhibits the growth of fungi through restriction of iron uptake and secretion of toxic substances. Fungi may also affect the growth or virulence of PA through their secreted molecules. To clarify the bacterial-fungal interaction, more in-depth and detailed studies are still needed, which will provide a better understanding of species, microbial population dynamics, and related mechanisms in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, MedicalSupplies Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans Accumulate Greater Biomass in Dual-Species Biofilms under Flow. mSphere 2021; 6:e0041621. [PMID: 34160236 PMCID: PMC8265656 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00416-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe-microbe interactions can strongly influence growth and biofilm formation kinetics. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, which are found together in diverse clinical sites, including urinary and intravenous catheters and the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), we compared the kinetics of biofilm formation by each species in dual-species and single-species biofilms. We engineered fluorescent protein constructs for P. aeruginosa (producing mKO-κ) and C. albicans (producing mKate2) that did not alter growth and enabled single-cell resolution imaging by live-sample microscopy. Using these strains in an optically clear derivative of synthetic CF sputum medium, we found that both P. aeruginosa and C. albicans displayed increased biovolume accumulation—by three- and sixfold, respectively—in dual-species biofilms relative to single-species biofilms. This result was specific to the biofilm environment, as enhanced growth was not observed in planktonic cocultures. Stimulation of C. albicans biofilm formation occurred regardless of whether P. aeruginosa was added at the time of fungal inoculation or 24 h after the initiation of biofilm development. P. aeruginosa biofilm increases in cocultures did not require the Pel extracellular polysaccharide, phenazines, and siderophores known to influence C. albicans. P. aeruginosa mutants lacking Anr, LasR, and BapA were not significantly stimulated by C. albicans, but they still promoted a significant enhancement of biofilm development of the fungus, suggesting a fungal response to the presence of bacteria. Last, we showed that a set of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates also prompted an increase of biovolume by C. albicans in coculture. IMPORTANCE There is an abundance of work on both P. aeruginosa and C. albicans in isolation, and quite some work as well on the way these two microbes interact. These studies do not, however, consider biofilm environments under flow, and our results here show that the expected outcome of interaction between these two pathogens can actually be reversed under flow, from pure antagonism to an increase in biomass on the part of both. Our work also highlights the importance of cellular-scale spatial structure in biofilms for understanding multispecies population dynamics.
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Phuengmaung P, Somparn P, Panpetch W, Singkham-In U, Wannigama DL, Chatsuwan T, Leelahavanichkul A. Coexistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa With Candida albicans Enhances Biofilm Thickness Through Alginate-Related Extracellular Matrix but Is Attenuated by N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594336. [PMID: 33330136 PMCID: PMC7732535 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and Candidaalbicans are prominent gut microbiota, and the translocation of these organisms into blood circulation might induce mixed-organism biofilms, which warrants the exploration of mixed- versus single-organism biofilms in vitro and in vivo. In single-organism biofilms, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) produced the least and the most prominent biofilms, respectively. C. albicans with P. aeruginosa (PA+CA) induced the highest biofilms among mixed-organism groups as determined by crystal violet straining. The sessile form of PA+CA induced higher macrophage responses than sessile PA, which supports enhanced immune activation toward mixed-organism biofilms. In addition, Candida incubated in pre-formed Pseudomonas biofilms (PA>CA) produced even higher biofilms than PA+CA (simultaneous incubation of both organisms) as determined by fluorescent staining on biofilm matrix (AF647 color). Despite the initially lower bacteria during preparation, bacterial burdens by culture in mixed-organism biofilms (PA+CA and PA>CA) were not different from biofilms of PA alone, supporting Candida-enhanced Pseudomonas growth. Moreover, proteomic analysis in PA>CA biofilms demonstrated high AlgU and mucA with low mucB when compared with PA alone or PA+CA, implying an alginate-related mucoid phenotype in PA>CA biofilms. Furthermore, mice with PA>CA biofilms demonstrated higher bacteremia with more severe sepsis compared with mice with PA+CA biofilms. This is possibly due to the different structures. Interestingly, l-cysteine, a biofilm matrix inhibitor, attenuated mixed-organism biofilms both in vitro and in mice. In conclusion, Candida enhanced Pseudomonas alginate–related biofilm production, and Candida presentation in pre-formed Pseudomonas biofilms might alter biofilm structures that affect clinical manifestations but was attenuated by l-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Phuengmaung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Panpetch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthaibhorn Singkham-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Ramesh S, Kovelakuntla V, Meyer AS, Rivero IV. Three-dimensional printing of stimuli-responsive hydrogel with antibacterial activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Conditional antagonism in co-cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans: An intersection of ethanol and phosphate signaling distilled from dual-seq transcriptomics. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008783. [PMID: 32813693 PMCID: PMC7480860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are opportunistic pathogens whose interactions involve the secreted products ethanol and phenazines. Here, we describe the role of ethanol in mixed-species co-cultures by dual-seq analyses. P. aeruginosa and C. albicans transcriptomes were assessed after growth in mono-culture or co-culture with either ethanol-producing C. albicans or a C. albicans mutant lacking the primary ethanol dehydrogenase, Adh1. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data using KEGG pathway enrichment and eADAGE methods revealed several P. aeruginosa responses to C. albicans-produced ethanol including the induction of a non-canonical low-phosphate response regulated by PhoB. C. albicans wild type, but not C. albicans adh1Δ/Δ, induces P. aeruginosa production of 5-methyl-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MPCA), which forms a red derivative within fungal cells and exhibits antifungal activity. Here, we show that C. albicans adh1Δ/Δ no longer activates P. aeruginosa PhoB and PhoB-regulated phosphatase activity, that exogenous ethanol complements this defect, and that ethanol is sufficient to activate PhoB in single-species P. aeruginosa cultures at permissive phosphate levels. The intersection of ethanol and phosphate in co-culture is inversely reflected in C. albicans; C. albicans adh1Δ/Δ had increased expression of genes regulated by Pho4, the C. albicans transcription factor that responds to low phosphate, and Pho4-dependent phosphatase activity. Together, these results show that C. albicans-produced ethanol stimulates P. aeruginosa PhoB activity and 5-MPCA-mediated antagonism, and that both responses are dependent on local phosphate concentrations. Further, our data suggest that phosphate scavenging by one species improves phosphate access for the other, thus highlighting the complex dynamics at play in microbial communities. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are opportunistic pathogens that are frequently isolated from co-infections. Using a combination of dual-seq transcriptomics and genetics approaches, we found that ethanol produced by C. albicans stimulates the PhoB regulon in P. aeruginosa asynchronously with activation of the Pho4 regulon in C. albicans. We validated our result by showing that PhoB plays multiple roles in co-culture including orchestrating the competition for phosphate and the production of 5-methyl-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid; the P. aeruginosa phenazine response to C. albicans-produced ethanol depends on phosphate availability. The conditional stimulation of antifungal production in response to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethanol only under phosphate limitation highlights the importance of considering nutrient concentrations in the analysis of co-culture interactions and suggests that the low-phosphate response in one species influences phosphate availability for the other.
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7
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Tamayo L, Melo F, Caballero L, Hamm E, Díaz M, Leal MS, Guiliani N, Urzúa MD. Does Bacterial Elasticity Affect Adhesion to Polymer Fibers? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14507-14517. [PMID: 32118396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The factors governing bacterial adhesion to substrates with different topographies are still not fully identified. The present work seeks to elucidate for the first time and with quantitative data the roles of bacterial elasticity and shape and substrate topography in bacterial adhesion. With this aim, populations of three bacterial species, P. aeruginosa DSM 22644, B. subtilis DSM 10, and S. aureus DSM 20231 adhered on flat substrates covered with electrospun polycaprolactone fibers of different diameters ranging from 0.4 to 5.5 μm are counted. Populations of bacterial cells are classified according to the preferred binding sites of the bacteria to the substrate. The colloidal probe technique was used to assess the stiffness of the bacteria and bacteria-polymer surface adhesion energy. A theoretical model is developed to interpret the observed populations in terms of a balance between stiffness and adhesion energy of the bacteria. The model, which also incorporates the radius of the fiber and the size and shape of the bacteria, predicts increased adhesion for a low level of stiffness and for a larger number of available bacteria-fiber contact points. Te adhesive propensity of bacteria depends in a nontrivial way on the radius of the fibers due to the random arrangement of fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tamayo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile
- Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Leonardo Caballero
- Departamento Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile
- Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 3363, Chile
| | - Eugenio Hamm
- Departamento Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Ecuador, Santiago 3493, Chile
| | - M Díaz
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - M S Leal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - N Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Santiago 3425, Chile
| | - M D Urzúa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras, Santiago 3425, Chile
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8
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Dai DN, Chung NT, Huong LT, Hung NH, Chau DT, Yen NT, Setzer WN. Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from Five Species of Cinnamomum Growing Wild in North Central Vietnam. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061303. [PMID: 32178471 PMCID: PMC7144099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) have aromatic volatiles in their leaves and bark and some species are commercially important herbs and spices. In this work, the essential oils from five species of Cinnamomum (C. damhaensis, C. longipetiolatum, C. ovatum, C. polyadelphum and C. tonkinense) growing wild in north central Vietnam were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by gas chromatography and screened for antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity. The leaf essential oil of C. tonkinense, rich in β-phellandrene (23.1%) and linalool (32.2%), showed excellent antimicrobial activity (MIC of 32 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) and larvicidal activity (24 h LC50 of 17.4 μg/mL on Aedes aegypti and 14.1 μg/mL against Culex quinquefasciatus). Cinnamomum polyadelphum leaf essential oil also showed notable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mosquito larvicidal activity, attributable to relatively high concentrations of neral (11.7%) and geranial (16.6%). Thus, members of the genus Cinnamomum from Vietnam have shown promise as antimicrobial agents and as potential vector control agents for mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do N. Dai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Nghe An College of Economics, 51-Ly Tu Trong, Vinh City 4300, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (D.N.D.); (W.N.S.)
| | - Nguyen T. Chung
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam;
| | - Le T. Huong
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 4300, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam; (L.T.H.); (N.T.Y.)
| | - Nguyen H. Hung
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam;
| | - Dao T.M. Chau
- Institute of Environmental Biochemistry, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 4300, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen T. Yen
- School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 4300, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam; (L.T.H.); (N.T.Y.)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Correspondence: (D.N.D.); (W.N.S.)
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9
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Adamski M, Pietr SJ. Biodiversity of Bacteria Associated with Eight Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) P. Kumm. Strains from Poland, Japan and the USA. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:71-81. [PMID: 31050255 PMCID: PMC7256699 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2019-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Few publications report the occurrence of bacteria associated with fungal cells. The presence of bacteria associated with one strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) P. Kumm. was described in the literature. We describe the biodiversity of bacteria associated with eight oyster mushroom strains from Japan, Poland, and the USA. The presence of microorganisms associated with all tested P. ostreatus strains was confirmed using fluorescent microscopy. Among 307 sequences, 233 of clones representing 34 genera and 74 sequences were identified as Bacteria. Most of the bacteria associated with the strain PUSAS were related to E. coli and two clones were related to Cupriavidus genus. The biodiversity of clones isolated from fungal strains originating from Japan and Poland ranged from 15 to 32 different bacterial clones. The most often the bacteria related to genus Curvibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cupriavidus, Pelomonas, and Propionibacterium were associated with the strains of fungi mentioned above. Laccase-like (LMCO) genes were identified in whole bacterial DNA isolated from the associated bacteria but β-glucosidase and β-xylanase genes were not detected. Few publications report the occurrence of bacteria associated with fungal cells. The presence of bacteria associated with one strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) P. Kumm. was described in the literature. We describe the biodiversity of bacteria associated with eight oyster mushroom strains from Japan, Poland, and the USA. The presence of microorganisms associated with all tested P. ostreatus strains was confirmed using fluorescent microscopy. Among 307 sequences, 233 of clones representing 34 genera and 74 sequences were identified as Bacteria. Most of the bacteria associated with the strain PUSAS were related to E. coli and two clones were related to Cupriavidus genus. The biodiversity of clones isolated from fungal strains originating from Japan and Poland ranged from 15 to 32 different bacterial clones. The most often the bacteria related to genus Curvibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cupriavidus, Pelomonas, and Propionibacterium were associated with the strains of fungi mentioned above. Laccase-like (LMCO) genes were identified in whole bacterial DNA isolated from the associated bacteria but β-glucosidase and β-xylanase genes were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Adamski
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab , Department of Plant Protection , The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Stanislaw J Pietr
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab , Department of Plant Protection , The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
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Mantravadi PK, Kalesh KA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO, Parthasarathy A. The Quest for Novel Antimicrobial Compounds: Emerging Trends in Research, Development, and Technologies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E8. [PMID: 30682820 PMCID: PMC6466574 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria pose one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century. The overuse and abuse of antibiotics coupled with the natural evolutionary processes of bacteria has led to this crisis. Only incremental advances in antibiotic development have occurred over the last 30 years. Novel classes of molecules, such as engineered antibodies, antibiotic enhancers, siderophore conjugates, engineered phages, photo-switchable antibiotics, and genome editing facilitated by the CRISPR/Cas system, are providing new avenues to facilitate the development of antimicrobial therapies. The informatics revolution is transforming research and development efforts to discover novel antibiotics. The explosion of nanotechnology and micro-engineering is driving the invention of antimicrobial materials, enabling the cultivation of "uncultivable" microbes and creating specific and rapid diagnostic technologies. Finally, a revival in the ecological aspects of microbial disease management, the growth of prebiotics, and integrated management based on the "One Health" model, provide additional avenues to manage this health crisis. These, and future scientific and technological developments, must be coupled and aligned with sound policy and public awareness to address the risks posed by rising antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
| | - Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
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11
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Williams DE, Boon EM. Towards Understanding the Molecular Basis of Nitric Oxide-Regulated Group Behaviors in Pathogenic Bacteria. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:205-215. [PMID: 30557874 DOI: 10.1159/000494740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have many strategies for causing disease in humans. One such strategy is the ability to live both as single-celled motile organisms or as part of a community of bacteria called a biofilm. Biofilms are frequently adhered to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are extremely antibiotic resistant. Upon biofilm dispersal, bacteria become more antibiotic susceptible but are also able to readily infect another host. Various studies have shown that low, nontoxic levels of nitric oxide (NO) may induce biofilm dispersal in many bacterial species. While the molecular details of this phenotype remain largely unknown, in several species, NO has been implicated in biofilm-to-planktonic cell transitions via ligation to 1 of 2 characterized NO sensors, NosP or H-NOX. Based on the data available to date, it appears that NO binding to H-NOX or NosP triggers a downstream response based on changes in cellular cyclic di-GMP concentrations and/or the modulation of quorum sensing. In order to develop applications for control of biofilm infections, the identification and characterization of biofilm dispersal mechanisms is vital. This review focuses on the efforts made to understand NO-mediated control of H-NOX and NosP pathways in the 3 pathogenic bacteria Legionella pneumophila, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique E Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Design, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Boon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Design, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA,
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12
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Bruno DDCF, Bartelli TF, Rodrigues CR, Briones MR. Prolonged growth of Candida albicans reveals co-isolated bacteria from single yeast colonies. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Maskarinec SA, Parlak Z, Tu Q, Levering V, Zauscher S, López GP, Fowler VG, Perfect JR. On-demand release of Candida albicans biofilms from urinary catheters by mechanical surface deformation. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:595-604. [PMID: 29897277 PMCID: PMC6276112 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1474461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections and elimination of these biofilm-based infections without antifungal agents would constitute a significant medical advance. A novel urinary catheter prototype that utilizes on-demand surface deformation is effective at eliminating bacterial biofilms and here the broader applicability of this prototype to remove fungal biofilms has been demonstrated. C. albicans biofilms were debonded from prototypes by selectively inflating four additional intralumens surrounding the main lumen of the catheters to provide the necessary surface strain to remove the adhered biofilm. Deformable catheters eliminated significantly more biofilm than the controls (>90% eliminated vs 10% control; p < 0.001). Mechanical testing revealed that fungal biofilms have an elastic modulus of 45 ± 6.7 kPa with a fracture energy of 0.4-2 J m-2. This study underscores the potential of mechanical disruption as a materials design strategy to combat fungal device-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. Maskarinec
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zehra Parlak
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qing Tu
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vrad Levering
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel P. López
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John R. Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Zhang R, Xia A, Ni L, Li F, Jin Z, Yang S, Jin F. Strong Shear Flow Persister Bacteria Resist Mechanical Washings on the Surfaces of Various Polymer Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700161. [PMID: 32646157 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Environmental bacteria persistently exist in hospitals and thereby often contaminate biomedical devices, which usually causes device-associated infections that have become a major cause of patient illness and death in the hospital. In this study, for the first time, the identification of strong shear flow persister (SSP) cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is reported. Unlike common persister cells that are highly tolerant to antibiotics, it is reported that the SSP cells can resist mechanical washings on the surfaces of various polymer materials and can form distinctive biofilms that are tolerant to high doses of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Most importantly, a general molecular mechanism is revealed by which an outer membrane protein crosslinks with polysaccharides to form gel-like adhesion complexes that can exert extremely strong adhesion strength (up to 50 N mm-2 ). Therefore, these findings are urgently required for ongoing research focused on preparing antifouling biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Xia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feixuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Rezki N, Al-Sodies SA, Shreaz S, Shiekh RA, Messali M, Raja V, Aouad MR. Green Ultrasound versus Conventional Synthesis and Characterization of Specific Task Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Hydrazones Tethering Fluorinated Counter Anions: Novel Inhibitors of Fungal Ergosterol Biosynthesis. Molecules 2017; 22:E1532. [PMID: 29112179 PMCID: PMC6150352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of specific task ionic liquids (ILs) based on a pyridiniumhydrazone scaffold in combination with hexafluorophosphate (PF₆-), tetrafluoroboron (BF₄-) and/or trifluoroacetate (CF₃COO-) counter anion, were designed and characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The reactions were conducted under both conventional and green ultrasound procedures. The antifungal potential of the synthesized compounds 2-25 was investigated against 40 strains of Candida (four standard and 36 clinical isolates). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of the synthesized compounds were in the range of 62.5-2000 μg/mL for both standard and oral Candida isolates. MIC90 results showed that the synthesized 1-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)-pyridin-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (11) was found to be most effective, followed by 4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)-1-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-pyridin-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (14) and 1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)pyridin-1-ium hexafluorophosphate (8). All the Candida isolates showed marked sensitivity towards the synthesized compounds. Ergosterol content was drastically reduced by more active synthesized compounds, and agreed well with MIC90 values. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) results showed that the red colored fluorescent dye enters the test agent treated cells, which confirms cell wall and cell membrane damage. The microscopy results obtained suggested membrane-located targets for the action of these synthesized compounds. It appears that the test compounds might be interacting with ergosterol in the fungal cell membranes, decreasing the membrane ergosterol content and ultimately leading to membrane disruption as visible in confocal results. The present study indicates that these synthesized compounds show significant antifungal activity against Candida which forms the basis to carry out further in vivo experiments before their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Rezki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM) USTO-MB, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf, P.O. Box 1505, El M`nouar, Oran 31000, Algeria.
| | - Salsabeel A Al-Sodies
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Rayees Ahmad Shiekh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
- Government Degree College Pulwama, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 192301, India.
| | - Mouslim Messali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vaseem Raja
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Mohamed R Aouad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM) USTO-MB, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf, P.O. Box 1505, El M`nouar, Oran 31000, Algeria.
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16
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Karami N, Mirzajani F, Rezadoost H, Karimi A, Fallah F, Ghassempour A, Aliahmadi A. Initial study of three different pathogenic microorganisms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. F1000Res 2017; 6:1415. [PMID: 29375811 PMCID: PMC5760968 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12003.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnoses of respiratory tract infections usually happen in the late phase of the disease and usually result in reduction of the pathogen load after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, but not in eradication of the pathogen. The development of a non-invasive, fast, and accurate method to detect pathogens has always been of interest to researchers and clinicians alike. Previous studies have shown that bacteria produce organic gases. The current study aimed to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by three respiratory tract pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Methods: The VOCs produced were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with prior collection of microbial volatile compounds using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The volatile compounds were collected by obtaining bacterial headspace samples. Results: Results showed that these three organisms have various VOCs, which were analyzed under different conditions. By ignoring common VOCs, some species-specific VOCs could be detected. The most important VOC of E. coli was indole, also some important VOCs produced by S. aureus were 2,3-pentandione, cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate, 1-decyne, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, ethyl butanoate and cyclohexene,4-ethenyl. Furthermore, most of the identified compounds by C. albicans are alcohols. Conclusions: The detection of VOCs produced by infectious agents maybe the key to make a rapid and precise diagnosis of infection, but more comprehensive studies must be conducted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karami
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Mirzajani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Renewable Energies & New Technologies Engineering (NTE), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atusa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Karami N, Mirzajani F, Rezadoost H, Karimi A, Fallah F, Ghassempour A, Aliahmadi A. Initial study of three different pathogenic microorganisms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. F1000Res 2017; 6:1415. [PMID: 29375811 PMCID: PMC5760968 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12003.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnoses of respiratory tract infections usually happen in the late phase of the disease and usually result in reduction of the pathogen load after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, but not in eradication of the pathogen. The development of a non-invasive, fast, and accurate method to detect pathogens has always been of interest to researchers and clinicians alike. Previous studies have shown that bacteria produce organic gases. The current study aimed to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by three respiratory tract pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.Methods: The VOCs produced were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with prior collection of microbial volatile compounds using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The volatile compounds were collected by obtaining bacterial headspace samples. Results: Results showed that these three organisms have various VOCs, which were analyzed under different conditions. By ignoring common VOCs, some species-specific VOCs could be detected. The most important VOC of E. coli was indole, also some important VOCs produced by S. aureus were 2,3-pentandione, cis-dihydro-α-terpinyl acetate, 1-decyne, 1,3-heptadiene, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, ethyl butanoate and cyclohexene,4-ethenyl. Furthermore, most of the identified compounds by C. albicans are alcohols. Conclusions: The detection of VOCs produced by infectious agents maybe the key to make a rapid and precise diagnosis of infection, but more comprehensive studies must be conducted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karami
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Mirzajani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Renewable Energies & New Technologies Engineering (NTE), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atusa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Hossain S, Nisbett LM, Boon EM. Discovery of Two Bacterial Nitric Oxide-Responsive Proteins and Their Roles in Bacterial Biofilm Regulation. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1633-1639. [PMID: 28605194 PMCID: PMC5654536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria adhere to a surface and produce an exopolysaccharide matrix ( Costerton Science 1999 , 284 , 1318 ; Davies Science 1998 , 280 , 295 ; Flemming Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2010 , 8 , 623 ). Because biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, they are problematic in many aspects of human health and welfare, causing, for instance, persistent fouling of medical implants such as catheters and artificial joints ( Brunetto Chimia 2008 , 62 , 249 ). They are responsible for chronic infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and in open wounds, such as those associated with burns and diabetes. They are also a major contributor to hospital-acquired infections ( Sievert Infec. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2013 , 34 , 1 ; Tatterson Front. Biosci. 2001 , 6 , D890 ). It has been hypothesized that effective methods of biofilm control will have widespread application ( Landini Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010 , 86 , 813 ). A promising strategy is to target the mechanisms that drive biofilm dispersal, because dispersal results in biofilm removal and in the restoration of antibiotic sensitivity. First documented in Nitrosomonas europaea ( Schmidt J. Bacteriol. 2004 , 186 , 2781 ) and the cystic fibrosis-associated pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Barraud J. Bacteriol. 2006 , 188 , 7344 ; J. Bacteriol. 2009 , 191 , 7333 ), regulation of biofilm formation by nanomolar levels of the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO) has now been documented in numerous bacteria ( Barraud Microb. Biotechnol. 2009 , 2 , 370 ; McDougald Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2012 , 10 , 39 ; Arora Biochemistry 2015 , 54 , 3717 ; Barraud Curr. Pharm. Des. 2015 , 21 , 31 ). NO-mediated pathways are, therefore, promising candidates for biofilm regulation. Characterization of the NO sensors and NO-regulated signaling pathways should allow for rational manipulation of these pathways for therapeutic applications. Several laboratories, including our own, have shown that a class of NO sensors called H-NOX (heme-nitric oxide or oxygen binding domain) affects biofilm formation by regulating intracellular cyclic di-GMP concentrations and quorum sensing ( Arora Biochemistry 2015 , 54 , 3717 ; Plate Trends Biochem. Sci. 2013 , 38 , 566 ; Nisbett Biochemistry 2016 , 55 , 4873 ). Many bacteria that respond to NO do not encode an hnoX gene, however. My laboratory has now discovered an additional family of bacterial NO sensors, called NosP (nitric oxide sensing protein). Importantly, NosP domains are widely conserved in bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, where they are encoded as fusions with or in close chromosomal proximity to histidine kinases or cyclic di-GMP synthesis or phosphodiesterase enzyme, consistent with signaling. In this Account, we briefly review NO and H-NOX signaling in bacterial biofilms, describe our discovery of the NosP family, and provide support for its role in biofilm regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Legionella pneumophila, and Shewanella oneidensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Lisa-Marie Nisbett
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Boon
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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19
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Hossain S, Boon EM. Discovery of a Novel Nitric Oxide Binding Protein and Nitric-Oxide-Responsive Signaling Pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:454-461. [PMID: 28238256 PMCID: PMC5468770 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nitric
oxide (NO) is a radical diatomic gas molecule that, at low concentrations,
plays important signaling roles in both eukaryotes and bacteria. In
recent years, it has become evident that bacteria respond to low levels
of NO in order to modulate their group behavior. Many bacteria respond
via NO ligation to a well-established NO sensor called H-NOX (heme-nitric
oxide/oxygen binding domain). Many others, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lack an annotated hnoX gene in their genome yet are able to respond to low
levels of NO to disperse their biofilms. This suggests the existence
of a previously uncharacterized NO sensor. In this study, we describe
the discovery of a novel nitric oxide binding protein (NosP; NO-sensing
protein), which is much more widely conserved in bacteria than H-NOX,
as well as a novel NO-responsive pathway in P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that biofilms of a P. aeruginosa mutant lacking components of the NosP pathway lose the ability to
disperse in response to NO. Upon cloning, expressing, and purifying
NosP, we find it binds heme and ligates to NO with a dissociation
rate constant that is comparable to that of other well-established
NO-sensing proteins. Moreover, we show that NO-bound NosP is able
to regulate the phosphorelay activity of a hybrid histidine kinase
that is involved in biofilm regulation in P. aeruginosa. Thus, here, we present evidence of a novel NO-responsive pathway
that regulates biofilm in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hossain
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Boon
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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20
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Garozzo A, Falzone L, Rapisarda V, Marconi A, Cinà D, Fenga C, Spandidos DA, Libra M. The risk of HCV infection among health-care workers and its association with extrahepatic manifestations (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3336-3339. [PMID: 28339065 PMCID: PMC5428681 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) are frequently exposed to different biological agents during their activities and are frequently monitored. Among these infectious agents, human hepatitis C (HCV) can infect HCWs. In this review article, the risk of HCV infection among HCWs is discussed along with extrahepatic HCV-related malignancies, such as non‑Hodgkin lymphoma. Accidental contamination, represented by percutaneous and mucocutaneous infections is the main risk factor for such infection. The compliance of the protection procedures, included in the current regulation for HCWs, is the most important issue to reduce the risk of pathogen infections that in turn may produce reduction of infection‑associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Garozzo
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Section of General, Clinical and Oncological Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑9124 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑9124 Catania, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Garibaldi Hospital, I‑9124 Catania, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of the Environment, Safety, Territory, Food and Health Sciences, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Section of General, Clinical and Oncological Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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21
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Fourie R, Ells R, Kemp G, Sebolai OM, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces aspirin insensitive eicosanoids and contributes to the eicosanoid profile of polymicrobial biofilms with Candida albicans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 117:36-46. [PMID: 28237086 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of clinically relevant microorganisms is the focus of various studies, e.g. the interaction between the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, and the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During infection both release arachidonic acid, which they can transform into eicosanoids. This study evaluated the production of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by biofilms of P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. The influence of co-incubation, acetylsalicylic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid on biofilm formation and eicosanoid production was evaluated. Acetylsalicylic acid decreased colony forming units of P. aeruginosa, but increased metabolic activity and eicosanoid production of the cells. In contrast to prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2a production by C. albicans was insensitive to acetylsalicylic acid, indicating that different enzymes are responsible for their production in this yeast. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, however co-incubation provided protection against this inhibitor. Production of these eicosanoids could affect pathogen-clearance and infection dynamics and this previously uncharacterized facet of interaction could facilitate novel therapeutic intervention against polymicrobial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Fourie
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ruan Ells
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; National Control Laboratory for Biological Products, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gabré Kemp
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile M Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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22
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Balouiri M, Bouhdid S, Sadiki M, Ouedrhiri W, Barkai H, El Farricha O, Ibnsouda SK, Harki EH. Effect of preconditioning cobalt and nickel based dental alloys with Bacillus sp. extract on their surface physicochemical properties and theoretical prediction of Candida albicans adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:111-117. [PMID: 27987667 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on dental biomaterials is implicated in various oral health problems. Thus the challenge is to prevent the formation of this consortium of microorganisms using a safe approach such as antimicrobial and anti-adhesive natural products. Indeed, in the present study, the effects of an antifungal extract of Bacillus sp., isolated from plant rhizosphere, on the surface physicochemical properties of cobalt and nickel based dental alloys were studied using the contact angle measurements. Furthermore, in order to predict the adhesion of Candida albicans to the treated and untreated dental alloys, the total free energy of adhesion was calculated based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek approach. Results showed hydrophobic and weak electron-donor and electron-acceptor characteristics of both untreated dental alloys. After treatment with the antifungal extract, the surface free energy of both dental alloys was influenced significantly, mostly for cobalt based alloy. In fact, treated cobalt based alloy became hydrophilic and predominantly electron donating. Those effects were time-dependent. Consequently, the total free energy of adhesion of C. albicans to this alloy became unfavorable after treatment with the investigated microbial extract. A linear relationship between the electron-donor property and the total free energy of adhesion has been found for both dental alloys. Also, a linear relationship has been found between this latter and the hydrophobicity for the cobalt based alloy. However, the exposure of nickel based alloy to the antifungal extract failed to produce the same effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounyr Balouiri
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco.
| | - Samira Bouhdid
- Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Avenue de Sebta, Mhannech II, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Moulay Sadiki
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco
| | - Wessal Ouedrhiri
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco
| | - Hassan Barkai
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco
| | - Omar El Farricha
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco
| | - Saad Koraichi Ibnsouda
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco; Cité de l'innovation, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2626, 30007 Fez, Morocco
| | - El Houssaine Harki
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, 30007 Fez, Morocco
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23
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Rodrigues ME, Lopes SP, Pereira CR, Azevedo NF, Lourenço A, Henriques M, Pereira MO. Polymicrobial Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Fighting In Vitro Candida albicans-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms with Antifungal-Antibacterial Combination Therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170433. [PMID: 28114348 PMCID: PMC5256963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial nature of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is now evident, with mixed bacterial-fungal biofilms colonizing the VAP endotracheal tube (ETT) surface. The microbial interplay within this infection may contribute for enhanced pathogenesis and exert impact towards antimicrobial therapy. Consequently, the high mortality/morbidity rates associated to VAP and the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance has promoted the search for novel therapeutic strategies to fight VAP polymicrobial infections. Under this scope, this work aimed to assess the activity of mono- vs combinational antimicrobial therapy using one antibiotic (Polymyxin B; PolyB) and one antifungal (Amphotericin B; AmB) agent against polymicrobial biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The action of isolated antimicrobials was firstly evaluated in single- and polymicrobial cultures, with AmB being more effective against C. albicans and PolyB against P. aeruginosa. Mixed planktonic cultures required equal or higher antimicrobial concentrations. In biofilms, only PolyB at relatively high concentrations could reduce P. aeruginosa in both monospecies and polymicrobial populations, with C. albicans displaying only punctual disturbances. PolyB and AmB exhibited a synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans mixed planktonic cultures, but only high doses (256 mg L-1) of PolyB were able to eradicate polymicrobial biofilms, with P. aeruginosa showing loss of cultivability (but not viability) at 2 h post-treatment, whilst C. albicans only started to be inhibited after 14 h. In conclusion, combination therapy involving an antibiotic and an antifungal agent holds an attractive therapeutic option to treat severe bacterial-fungal polymicrobial infections. Nevertheless, optimization of antimicrobial doses and further clinical pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics studies underpinning the optimal use of these drugs are urgently required to improve therapy effectiveness and avoid reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana P Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE-Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anália Lourenço
- Departamento de Informática-Universidade de Vigo, ESEI-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Edificio politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Ourense, Spain.,Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria O Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Sardi JDCO, Pitangui NDS, Voltan AR, Braz JD, Machado MP, Fusco Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJS. In vitro Paracoccidioides brasiliensis biofilm and gene expression of adhesins and hydrolytic enzymes. Virulence 2016; 6:642-51. [PMID: 26055497 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides species are dimorphic fungi that initially infect the lungs but can also spread throughout the body. The spreading infection is most likely due to the formation of a biofilm that makes it difficult for the host to eliminate the infection. Biofilm formation is crucial for the development of infections and confines the pathogen to an extracellular matrix. Its presence is associated with antimicrobial resistance and avoidance of host defenses. This current study provides the first description of biofilm formation by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and an analysis of gene expression, using real-time PCR, associated with 3 adhesins and 2 hydrolytic enzymes that could be associated with the virulence profile. Biofilm formation was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Metabolic activity was determined using the XTT reduction assay. P. brasiliensis was able to form mature biofilm in 144 h with a thickness of 100 μm. The presence of a biofilm was found to be associated with an increase in the expression of adhesins and enzymes. GP43, enolase, GAPDH and aspartyl proteinase genes were over-expressed, whereas phospholipase was down-regulated in biofilm. The characterization of biofilm formed by P. brasiliensis may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis as well as the search for new therapeutic alternatives; while improving the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Departamento de Anáalises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Departamento de Anáalises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Aline Raquel Voltan
- Departamento de Anáalises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline Derissi Braz
- Departamento de Anáalises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Departamento de Anáalises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Maria Jose Soares Mendes Giannini
- Departamento de Anáalises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Araraquara, Brasil
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Costa D, Girardot M, Bertaux J, Verdon J, Imbert C. Efficacy of dental unit waterlines disinfectants on a polymicrobial biofilm. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 91:38-44. [PMID: 26773487 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high surface-volume ratio, their laminar flow and frequent stagnation periods, dental unit waterlines (DUWL) foster the attachment of microorganisms and the development of biofilm, resulting in the continuous contamination of the outlet water from dental units; this contamination may be responsible for a potential risk of infection due to the exposure of patients and medical staff to droplet inhalation or splashed water. In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of three disinfectants recommended by dental unit manufacturers -Calbenium(©), Oxygenal 6(©) and Sterispray(©) - was evaluated. A dynamic model simulating DUWL conditions was developed and polymicrobial biofilms containing bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), fungi (Candida albicans) and Free Living Amoeba (FLA: Vermamoeba vermiformis) were allowed to form. The ability of disinfectants to reduce biofilm formation or to eradicate an already formed biofilm was evaluated. Results showed the various effects of the tested disinfectants according to their composition, concentration and the targeted species. V. vermiformis was resistant to disinfectants, regardless of the tested concentrations and the concentrations recommended by manufacturers were not the most appropriate. Results also showed that Calbenium(©) was the most effective disinfectant to reduce already formed biofilms; its maximum efficiency was observed from 0.5% on both P. aeruginosa and C. albicans compared to 2 and 3% respectively for Sterispray(©). The maximum efficiency of Oxygenal(©) was observed from 3% on P. aeruginosa but Oxygenal(©) was unable to totally eliminate C. albicans in the tested conditions, contrary to other disinfectants. Calbenium(©) was able to prevent biofilm formation efficiently even if it displayed no prophylactic activity against V. vermiformis. Overall, the FLA survival may contribute to maintaining other species. Finally the tested disinfectants were partially active against sessile microorganisms and more suitable concentrations could be used to increase their efficacy. Their use in a prophylactic rather than curative way should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Costa
- Equipe Microbiologie de l'Eau, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
| | - Marion Girardot
- Equipe Microbiologie de l'Eau, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Julien Verdon
- Equipe Microbiologie de l'Eau, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- Equipe Microbiologie de l'Eau, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Fourie R, Ells R, Swart CW, Sebolai OM, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Interaction, with Focus on the Role of Eicosanoids. Front Physiol 2016; 7:64. [PMID: 26955357 PMCID: PMC4767902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is commonly found in mixed infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Both of these opportunistic pathogens are able to form resistant biofilms and frequently infect immunocompromised individuals. The interaction between these two pathogens, which includes physical interaction as well as secreted factors, is mainly antagonistic. In addition, research suggests considerable interaction with their host, especially with immunomodulatory lipid mediators, termed eicosanoids. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are both able to utilize arachidonic acid (AA), liberated from the host cells during infection, to form eicosanoids. The production of these eicosanoids, such as Prostaglandin E2, by the host and the pathogens may affect the dynamics of polymicrobial infection and the outcome of infections. It is of considerable importance to elucidate the role of host-produced, as well as pathogen-produced eicosanoids in polymicrobial infection. This review will focus on in vitro as well as in vivo interaction between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, paying special attention to the role of eicosanoids in the cross-talk between host and the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Fourie
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ruan Ells
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa; National Control Laboratory, University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chantel W Swart
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile M Sebolai
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Effect of Tyrosol and Farnesol on Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:456463. [PMID: 26844228 PMCID: PMC4710896 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilms could create a protected environment that allows for survival to external antimicrobials and allows different bacterial-fungal interactions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Candida albicans coexistence is an example for such mixed-species community. Numerous reports demonstrated how P. aeruginosa or its metabolites could influence the growth, morphogenesis, and virulence of C. albicans. In this study, we investigated how the C. albicans quorum sensing compounds, tyrosol and farnesol, might affect Egyptian clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa regarding growth, antibiotic sensitivity, and virulence. We could demonstrate that tyrosol possesses an antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (10 µM inhibited more than 50% of growth after 16 h cultivation). Moreover, we could show for the first time that tyrosol strongly inhibits the production of the virulence factors hemolysin and protease in P. aeruginosa, whereas farnesol inhibits, to lower extent, hemolysin production in this bacterial pathogen. Cumulatively, tyrosol is expected to strongly affect P. aeruginosa in mixed microbial biofilm.
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Abstract
Only few Candida species, e.g., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida parapsilosis, are successful colonizers of a human host. Under certain circumstances these species can cause infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. The success of C. albicans, the most prevalent and best studied Candida species, as both commensal and human pathogen depends on its genetic, biochemical, and morphological flexibility which facilitates adaptation to a wide range of host niches. In addition, formation of biofilms provides additional protection from adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, in many host niches Candida cells coexist with members of the human microbiome. The resulting fungal-bacterial interactions have a major influence on the success of C. albicans as commensal and also influence disease development and outcome. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge of important survival strategies of Candida spp., focusing on fundamental fitness and virulence traits of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Polke
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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29
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Lau KHA, Sileika TS, Park SH, Sousa AML, Burch P, Szleifer I, Messersmith PB. Molecular Design of Antifouling Polymer Brushes Using Sequence-Specific Peptoids. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2015; 2:1400225. [PMID: 26167449 PMCID: PMC4497591 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Material systems that can be used to flexibly and precisely define the chemical nature and molecular arrangement of a surface would be invaluable for the control of complex biointerfacial interactions. For example, progress in antifouling polymer biointerfaces that prevent non-specific protein adsorption and cell attachment, which can significantly improve the performance of an array of biomedical and industrial applications, is hampered by a lack of chemical models to identify the molecular features conferring their properties. Poly(N-substituted glycine) "peptoids" are peptidomimetic polymers that can be conveniently synthesized with specific monomer sequences and chain lengths, and are presented as a versatile platform for investigating the molecular design of antifouling polymer brushes. Zwitterionic antifouling polymer brushes have captured significant recent attention, and a targeted library of zwitterionic peptoid brushes with a different charge densities, hydration, separations between charged groups, chain lengths, and grafted chain densities, is quantitatively evaluated for their antifouling properties through a range of protein adsorption and cell attachment assays. Specific zwitterionic brush designs were found to give rise to distinct but subtle differences in properties. The results also point to the dominant roles of the grafted chain density and chain length in determining the performance of antifouling polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Hang Aaron Lau
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Tadas S Sileika
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Ana ML Sousa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Patrick Burch
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biological, Engineering and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Phillip B Messersmith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
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Hua X, Tan S, Bandara HMHN, Fu Y, Liu S, Smyth HDC. Externally controlled triggered-release of drug from PLGA micro and nanoparticles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114271. [PMID: 25479357 PMCID: PMC4257591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infections are extremely hard to eradicate and controlled, triggered and controlled drug release properties may prolong drug release time. In this study, the ability to externally control drug release from micro and nanoparticles was investigated. We prepared micro/nanoparticles containing ciprofloxacin (CIP) and magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA. Both micro/nanoparticles were observed to have narrow size distributions. We investigated and compared their passive and externally triggered drug release properties based on their different encapsulation structures for the nano and micro systems. In passive release studies, CIP demonstrated a fast rate of release in first 2 days which then slowed and sustained release for approximately 4 weeks. Significantly, magnetic nanoparticles containing systems all showed ability to have triggered drug release when exposed to an external oscillating magnetic field (OMF). An experiment where the OMF was turned on and off also confirmed the ability to control the drug release in a pulsatile manner. The magnetically triggered release resulted in a 2-fold drug release increase compared with normal passive release. To confirm drug integrity following release, the antibacterial activity of released drug was evaluated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro. CIP maintained its antimicrobial activity after encapsulation and triggered release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - H. M. H. N. Bandara
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Yujie Fu
- State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1920, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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Scaffold-based anti-infection strategies in bone repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:515-28. [PMID: 25476163 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone fractures and non-union defects often require surgical intervention where biomaterials are used to correct the defect, and approximately 10% of these procedures are compromised by bacterial infection. Currently, treatment options are limited to sustained, high doses of antibiotics and surgical debridement of affected tissue, leaving a significant, unmet need for the development of therapies to combat device-associated biofilm and infections. Engineering implants to prevent infection is a desirable material characteristic. Tissue engineered scaffolds for bone repair provide a means to both regenerate bone and serve as a base for adding antimicrobial agents. Incorporating anti-infection properties into regenerative medicine therapies could improve clinical outcomes and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with biomaterial implant-associated infections. This review focuses on current animal models and technologies available to assess bone repair in the context of infection, antimicrobial agents to fight infection, the current state of antimicrobial scaffolds, and future directions in the field.
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32
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Yahya M, Ibrahim M, Zawawi W, Hamid U. Biofilm Killing Effects of Chromolaena odorata Extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2014.64.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Mallick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Bennett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pires DP, Silva S, Almeida C, Henriques M, Anderson EM, Lam JS, Sillankorva S, Azeredo J. Evaluation of the ability of C. albicans to form biofilm in the presence of phage-resistant phenotypes of P. aeruginosa. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:1169-1180. [PMID: 24063626 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.831842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are disparate microbial species, but both are known to be opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of the interactions between these microorganisms in dual-species biofilms. Several bacteriophage-resistant P. aeruginosa phenotypes have been isolated and were used in dual-species mixed-biofilm studies. Twenty-four and 48 h mixed-biofilms were formed using the isolated phenotypes of phage-resistant P. aeruginosa and these were compared with similar experiments using other P. aeruginosa strains with a defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficiency based on chromosomal knockout of specific LPS biosynthetic genes. Overall, the results showed that the variants of phage-resistant P. aeruginosa and LPS mutants were both less effective in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans in mixed-biofilms compared to the wild-type strains of P. aeruginosa. Conversely, the proliferation of P. aeruginosa was not influenced by the presence of C. albicans. In conclusion, the ability of strains of P. aeruginosa to inhibit the formation of a biofilm of C. albicans appears to be correlated with the LPS chain lengths of phenotypes of P. aeruginosa, suggesting that LPS has a suppressive effect on the growth of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Pires
- a Centre of Biological Engineering, IBB - Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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Folch B, Déziel E, Doucet N. Systematic mutational analysis of the putative hydrolase PqsE: toward a deeper molecular understanding of virulence acquisition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73727. [PMID: 24040042 PMCID: PMC3769375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen that can establish bacterial communication by synchronizing the behavior of individual cells in a molecular phenomenon known as “quorum sensing”. Through an elusive mechanism involving gene products of the pqs operon, the PqsE enzyme is absolutely required for the synthesis of extracellular phenazines, including the toxic blue pigment pyocyanin, effectively allowing cells to achieve full-fledged virulence. Despite several functional and structural attempts at deciphering the role of this relevant enzymatic drug target, no molecular function has yet been ascribed to PqsE. In the present study, we report a series of alanine scanning experiments aimed at altering the biological function of PqsE, allowing us to uncover key amino acid positions involved in the molecular function of this enzyme. We use sequence analysis and structural overlays with members of homologous folds to pinpoint critical positions located in the vicinity of the ligand binding cleft and surrounding environment, revealing the importance of a unique C-terminal α-helical motif in the molecular function of PqsE. Our results suggest that the active site of the enzyme involves residues that extend further into the hydrophobic core of the protein, advocating for a lid-like movement of the two terminal helices. This information should help design virtual libraries of PqsE inhibitors, providing means to counter P. aeruginosa virulence acquisition and helping to reduce nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Folch
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- GRASP, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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36
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Bandara HMHN, Cheung BPK, Watt RM, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP. Secretory products of Escherichia coli biofilm modulate Candida biofilm formation and hyphal development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:186-99. [PMID: 23766273 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the time- and concentration-dependent effects of Escherichia coli biofilm supernatant on Candida biofilm development, and to assess the effect of E. coli supernatant on Candida albicans hypha-specific genes (HSGs) expression. METHODS The effect of E. coli biofilm supernatant on six Candida spp. was assessed by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The effect of biofilm supernatant on the expression of C. albicans HSGs (ECE1, HWP1, HYR1, RBT1, RBT4, ALS3, and ALS8) and transcription factors (CPH1, CPH2, EFG1, TEC1, RAS1, TUP1, NRG1 and RFG1) was evaluated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Escherichia coli biofilm secretory products significantly inhibited C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei biofilms at 24 h and all Candida spp. at 48 h (P < 0.05), and SEM and CLSM confirmed these data. HSGs RBT1 and RBT4 were mostly up-regulated and ECE1, HWP1 and HYR1 were mostly down-regulated. ALS3 was totally suppressed. All HSGs were down-regulated at 48 h (P < 0.05). NRG1, RFG1 and EFG1, CPH1 and TEC1, and TUP1 and CPH2 showed similar expression trends and all were down-regulated at 48 h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Escherichia coli secretory elements significantly impair Candida biofilm development possibly by modulating HSGs and its transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M H N Bandara
- Oral Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
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Samaranayake YH, Bandara HMHN, Cheung BPK, Yau JYY, Yeung SKW, Samaranayake LP. Enteric Gram-negative bacilli suppress Candida biofilms on Foley urinary catheters. APMIS 2013; 122:47-58. [PMID: 23656511 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed Candida-bacterial biofilms in urinary catheters are common in hospitalized patients. (i) The aims of this study were to evaluate, quantitatively and qualitatively, the in vitro development of mono- and dual-species biofilms (MSBs and DSBs) of Candida albicans and two enteric gram-negative bacilli (EGNB; Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli) on Foley catheter (FC) discs, (ii) to determine the biofilm growth in tryptic soy broth or glucose supplemented artificial urine (AU) and (iii) to assess the inhibitory effects of EGNB and their lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on Candida biofilm growth. The growth of MSBs and DSBs on FC discs was monitored by cell counts and SEM. The metabolic activity of LPS-treated Candida biofilms was determined by the XTT reduction assay. Candida albicans and EGNB demonstrated significant inter- and intra-species differences in biofilm growth on FC discs (p < 0.01). Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppressed Candida albicans significantly (p < 0.001) in DSBs. Compared with MSBs, DSB of EGNB in glucose supplemented AU demonstrated robust growth. Escherichia coli and its LPS, significantly suppressed Candida biofilm growth, compared with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its LPS (p < 0.001). Candida albicans and EGNB colonization in FC is significantly increased in AU with glucose, and variably modified by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their corresponding LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Samaranayake
- Oral Bio-sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Watrous JD, Phelan VV, Hsu CC, Moree WJ, Duggan BM, Alexandrov T, Dorrestein PC. Microbial metabolic exchange in 3D. THE ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:770-80. [PMID: 23283018 PMCID: PMC3603389 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and multispecies microbial populations alter the chemistry of their surrounding environments during colony development thereby influencing multicellular behavior and interspecies interactions of neighboring microbes. Here we present a methodology that enables the creation of three-dimensional (3D) models of a microbial chemotype that can be correlated to the colony phenotype through multimodal imaging analysis. These models are generated by performing matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) on serial cross-sections of microbial colonies grown on 8 mm deep agar, registering data sets of each serial section in MATLAB to create a model, and then superimposing the model with a photograph of the colonies themselves. As proof-of-principle, 3D models were used to visualize metabolic exchange during microbial interactions between Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces coelicolor, as well as, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The resulting models were able to capture the depth profile of secreted metabolites within the agar medium and revealed properties of certain mass signals that were previously not observable using two-dimensional MALDI-TOF IMS. Most significantly, the 3D models were capable of mapping previously unobserved chemical distributions within the array of sub-surface hyphae of C. albicans and how this chemistry is altered by the presence of P. aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen known to alter virulence of C. albicans. It was determined that the presence of C. albicans triggered increased rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa, which in turn was capable of inhibiting embedded hyphal growth produced beneath the C. albicans colony at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeramie D Watrous
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa V Phelan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wilna J Moree
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brendan M Duggan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Industrial Mathematics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Durmus NG, Webster TJ. Eradicating antibiotic-resistant biofilms with silver-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184367 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is causing a resurgence in the search for novel strategies which can eradicate infections without the use of antibiotics. In this study, the unique magnetic and antibacterial properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and silver have been combined through the design of silver-conjugated SPION. For the first time, it is demonstrated that MRSA biofilms can be eradicated by silver-conjugated SPION without resorting to the use of antibiotics. A significant decrease in biofilm mass, which corresponds to a seven orders of magnitude decrease in viability, is observed when MRSA biofilms are treated with 1 mg/mL of silver-conjugated SPION (p < 0.01). Moreover, SPION anti-biofilm efficacy is further improved in the presence of an external magnetic field. The anti-biofilm property of silver-conjugated SPION treatment is due to the significant increases in intracellular or membrane-bound iron (p < 0.001), sulfur (p < 0.05), and silver (p < 0.001) concentrations, thus increases in SPION uptake within the biofilms. For this reason, this study demonstrates for the first time that silver-conjugated SPION could be used as a targeted antibacterial therapy to the infection site. Thus, this novel infection eradication strategy holds great promise to be an alternative to the antibiotic of last resort, vancomycin, which bacteria have already started to develop a resistance towards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naside Gozde Durmus
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, RI, USA
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Purschke FG, Hiller E, Trick I, Rupp S. Flexible survival strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms result in increased fitness compared with Candida albicans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1652-69. [PMID: 22942357 PMCID: PMC3518115 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of microorganisms persist in nature as surface-attached communities often surrounded by an extracellular matrix, called biofilms. Most natural biofilms are not formed by a single species but by multiple species. Microorganisms not only cooperate as in some multispecies biofilms but also compete for available nutrients. The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the polymorphic fungus Candida albicans are two opportunistic pathogens that are often found coexisting in a human host. Several models of mixed biofilms have been reported for these organisms showing antagonistic behavior. To investigate the interaction of P. aeruginosa and C. albicans in more detail, we analyzed the secretome of single and mixed biofilms of both organisms using MALDI-TOF MS/MS at several time points. Overall 247 individual proteins were identified, 170 originated from P. aeruginosa and 77 from C. albicans. Only 39 of the 131 in mixed biofilms identified proteins were assigned to the fungus whereby the remaining 92 proteins belonged to P. aeruginosa. In single-species biofilms, both organisms showed a higher diversity of proteins with 73 being assigned to C. albicans and 154 to P. aeruginosa. Most interestingly, P. aeruginosa in the presence of C. albicans secreted 16 proteins in significantly higher amounts or exclusively among other virulence factors such as exotoxin A and iron acquisition systems. In addition, the high affinity iron-binding siderophore pyoverdine was identified in mixed biofilms but not in bacterial biofilms, indicating that P. aeruginosa increases its capability to sequester iron in competition with C. albicans. In contrast, C. albicans metabolism was significantly reduced, including a reduction in detectable iron acquisition proteins. The results obtained in this study show that microorganisms not only compete with the host for essential nutrients but also strongly with the present microflora in order to gain a competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Gina Purschke
- From the ‡Institute for Interfacial Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Hiller
- §Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Trick
- §Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Rupp
- §Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany
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Ovchinnikova ES, Krom BP, Busscher HJ, van der Mei HC. Evaluation of adhesion forces of Staphylococcus aureus along the length of Candida albicans hyphae. BMC Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23181353 PMCID: PMC3538519 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans is a human fungal pathogen, able to cause both superficial and serious, systemic diseases and is able to switch from yeast cells to long, tube-like hyphae, depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. Both morphological forms of C. albicans are found in infected tissue, often in combination with Staphylococcus aureus. Although bacterial adhesion to the different morphologies of C. albicans has been amply studied, possible differences in staphylococcal adhesion forces along the length of C. albicans hyphae have never been determined. In this study, we aim to verify the hypothesis that the forces mediating S. aureus NCTC8325-4GFP adhesion to hyphae vary along the length of C. albicans SC5314 and MB1 hyphae, as compared with adhesion to yeast cells. Results C. albicans hyphae were virtually divided into a “tip” (the growing and therefore youngest part of the hyphae), a “middle” and a so-called “head” region (the yeast cell from which germination started). Adhesion forces between S. aureus NCTC8325-4GFP and the different regions of C. albicans SC5314 hyphae were measured using atomic force microscopy. Strong adhesion forces were found at the tip and middle regions of C. albicans hyphae (−4.1 nN and −4.0 nN, respectively), while much smaller adhesion forces were measured at the head region (−0.3 nN). Adhesion forces exerted by the head region were comparable with the forces arising from budding yeast cells (−0.5 nN). A similar regional dependence of the staphylococcal adhesion forces was found for the clinical isolate involved in this study, C. albicans MB1. Conclusions This is the first time that differences in adhesion forces between S. aureus and different regions of C. albicans hyphae have been demonstrated on a quantitative basis, supporting the view that the head region is different from the remainder of the hyphae. Notably it can be concluded that the properties of the hyphal head region are similar to those of budding yeast cells. These novel findings provide new insights in the intricate interkingdom interaction between C. albicans and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Ovchinnikova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, The Netherlands
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Lau KHA, Ren C, Sileika TS, Park SH, Szleifer I, Messersmith PB. Surface-grafted polysarcosine as a peptoid antifouling polymer brush. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16099-107. [PMID: 23101930 PMCID: PMC3530414 DOI: 10.1021/la302131n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-substituted glycine) "peptoids" are a class of peptidomimetic molecules receiving significant interest as engineered biomolecules. Sarcosine (i.e., poly(N-methyl glycine)) has the simplest side chain chemical structure of this family. In this Article, we demonstrate that surface-grafted polysarcosine (PSAR) brushes exhibit excellent resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and cell attachment. Polysarcosine was coupled to a mussel adhesive protein-inspired DOPA-Lys pentapeptide, which enabled solution grafting and control of the surface chain density of the PSAR brushes. Protein adsorption was found to decrease monotonically with increasing grafted chain densities, and protein adsorption could be completely inhibited above certain critical chain densities specific to different polysarcosine chain lengths. The dependence of protein adsorption on chain length and density was also investigated by a molecular theory. PSAR brushes at high chain length and density were shown to resist fibroblast cell attachment over a 7 week period, as well as resist the attachment of some clinically relevant bacterial strains. The excellent antifouling performance of PSAR may be related to the highly hydrophilic character of polysarcosine, which was evident from high-pressure liquid chromatography measurements of polysarcosine and water contact angle measurements of the PSAR brushes. Peptoids have been shown to resist proteolytic degradation, and polysarcosine could be produced in large quantities by N-carboxy anhydride polymerization. In summary, surface-grafted polysarcosine peptoid brushes hold great promise for antifouling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Hang Aaron Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Chunlai Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tadas S. Sileika
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Bandara HMHN, K Cheung BP, Watt RM, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP. Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide inhibits Candida albicans hyphae formation and alters gene expression during biofilm development. Mol Oral Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23194472 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of bacterial and fungal interactions in multispecies biofilms will have major impacts on understanding the pathophysiology of infections. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Candida albicans hyphal development and transcriptional regulation, (ii) investigate protein expression during biofilm formation, and (iii) propose likely molecular mechanisms for these interactions. The effect of LPS on C. albicans biofilms was assessed by XTT-reduction and growth curve assays, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Changes in candidal hypha-specific genes (HSGs) and transcription factor EFG1 expression were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, respectively. Proteome changes were examined by mass spectrometry. Both metabolic activities and growth rates of LPS-treated C. albicans biofilms were significantly lower (P < 0.05). There were higher proportions of budding yeasts in test biofilms compared with the controls. SEM and CLSM further confirmed these data. Significantly upregulated HSGs (at 48 h) and EFG1 (up to 48 h) were noted in the test biofilms (P < 0.05) but cAMP levels remained unaffected. Proteomic analysis showed suppression of candidal septicolysin-like protein, potential reductase-flavodoxin fragment, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, hypothetical proteins Cao19.10301(ATP7), CaO19.4716(GDH1), CaO19.11135(PGK1), CaO19.9877(HNT1) by P. aeruginosa LPS. Our data imply that bacterial LPS inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation and hyphal development. The P. aeruginosa LPS likely target glycolysis-associated mechanisms during candidal filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M H N Bandara
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
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44
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The Potential of Frog Skin Antimicrobial Peptides for Development into Therapeutically Valuable Anti-Infective Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1095.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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45
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Zimmerli W, Moser C. Pathogenesis and treatment concepts of orthopaedic biofilm infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:158-68. [PMID: 22309166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Implant-associated infection is caused by surface-adhering bacteria persisting as biofilm. Periprosthetic joint infection is difficult to diagnose and treat. The high susceptibility of implanted devices to infection is because of a locally acquired host defense defect, and persistence is mainly because of the rapid formation of a biofilm resistant to host defense and antimicrobial agents. Successful treatment of periprosthetic joint infection requires the optimal surgical procedure combined with long-term antimicrobial therapy directed against surface-adhering microorganisms. Surgical treatment according to an algorithm has been validated in several observational studies. The role of rifampin against device-associated staphylococcal infection has been evaluated in an animal model, in observational studies and in a controlled trial. Given the limited efficacy of traditional antibiotics in implant-associated infections, novel strategies such as coating of the device, vaccination against biofilms, and quorum-sensing inhibitors are promising future options for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Zimmerli
- Basel University Medical Clinic, Kantonsspital, Liestal, Switzerland.
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46
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Chalcone embedded polyurethanes as a biomaterial: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial adhesion. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:353-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Frey-Klett P, Burlinson P, Deveau A, Barret M, Tarkka M, Sarniguet A. Bacterial-fungal interactions: hyphens between agricultural, clinical, environmental, and food microbiologists. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:583-609. [PMID: 22126995 PMCID: PMC3232736 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00020-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frey-Klett
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France.
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Sileika TS, Kim HD, Maniak P, Messersmith PB. Antibacterial performance of polydopamine-modified polymer surfaces containing passive and active components. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4602-4610. [PMID: 22044029 DOI: 10.1021/am200978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of device-related nosocomial infections, elevated hospitalization costs, and patient morbidity necessitate the development of novel antibacterial strategies for clinical devices. We have previously demonstrated a simple, aqueous polydopamine dip-coating method to functionalize surfaces for a wide variety of uses. Here, we extend this strategy with the goal of imparting antifouling and antimicrobial properties to substrates, exploiting the ability of polydopamine to immobilize polymers and induce metal nanoparticle formation. Polydopamine was deposited as a thin adherent film of 4 nm thickness from alkaline aqueous solution onto polycarbonate substrates, followed by grafting of antifouling polymer polyethylene glycol and in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles onto the polydopamine coated polycarbonate substrates. Elemental and morphological surface analyses confirmed successful grafting of polyethylene glycol brushes onto polydopamine-coated substrates, as well as spontaneous silver nanoparticle formation for polydopamine-coated substrates incubated in silver-nitrate solutions. Sustained silver release was observed over at least 7 days from silver-coated substrates, and the release kinetics could be modulated via additional polydopamine overlayers. In vitro functional assays employing gram negative and positive strains demonstrated dual fouling resistance and antibacterial properties of the coatings due to the fouling resistance of grafted polyethylene glycol and antibacterial effect of silver, respectively. Polycarbonate substrates coated only with silver using a method similar to existing commercial coatings provided an antibacterial effect but failed to inhibit bacterial attachment. Taking into account the previously demonstrated substrate versatility of polydopamine coatings, our findings suggest that this strategy could be implemented on a variety of substrate materials to simultaneously improve antifouling and antimicrobial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas S Sileika
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections. Int J Microbiol 2011; 2012:713687. [PMID: 22187560 PMCID: PMC3236459 DOI: 10.1155/2012/713687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvement of antifungal therapies over the last 30 years, the phenomenon of antifungal resistance is still of major concern in clinical practice. In the last 10 years the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon were extensively unraveled. In this paper, after a brief overview of currently available antifungals, molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance will be detailed. It appears that major mechanisms of resistance are essential due to the deregulation of antifungal resistance effector genes. This deregulation is a consequence of point mutations occurring in transcriptional regulators of these effector genes. Resistance can also follow the emergence of point mutations directly in the genes coding antifungal targets. In addition we further describe new strategies currently undertaken to discover alternative therapy targets and antifungals. Identification of new antifungals is essentially achieved by the screening of natural or synthetic chemical compound collections. Discovery of new putative antifungal targets is performed through genome-wide approaches for a better understanding of the human pathogenic fungi biology.
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50
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Martin R, Wächtler B, Schaller M, Wilson D, Hube B. Host-pathogen interactions and virulence-associated genes during Candida albicans oral infections. Int J Med Microbiol 2011; 301:417-22. [PMID: 21555244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral infections with Candida albicans are very common diseases in even only mildly immunocompromised patients. By using genome-wide microarrays, in vitro infection models and samples from patients with pseudomembranous candidiasis, several genes have been identified which encode known and unknown fungal factors associated with oral infection. The expression of selected genes has been investigated via qRT-PCR in both in vitro models and in vivo samples from patients. Several lines of evidence suggest that fungal morphology plays a key role in adhesion to and invasion into oral epithelial cells and mutants lacking regulators of hyphal formation are attenuated in their ability to invade and damage epithelial cells. Adhesion is mediated by hyphal-associated factors such as Hwp1 and the Als adhesin family. Hyphal formation facilitates epithelial invasion via two routes: active penetration and induced endocytosis. While induced endocytosis is predominantly mediated by the adhesin and invasin Als3, active penetration seems to be supported by hydrolase activity and mechanical pressure. Expression profiles reflect the morphological switch and an adaptive response to neutral pH, non-glucose carbon sources, and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Martin
- Center for Innovation Competence Septomics, Research Group Fungal Septomics at the Leibniz Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
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