1
|
El-Baky NA, Amara AAAF, Redwan EM. Nutraceutical and therapeutic importance of clots and their metabolites. NUTRACEUTICALS 2023:241-268. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-19193-0.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
2
|
Yao M, Yang Y, Fan J, Ma C, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang B, Sun Z, McClements DJ, Zhang J, Liu L, Xia G, Zhang N, Sun Q. Production, purification, and functional properties of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganism obtained from soy-based fermented foods: developments and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3725-3750. [PMID: 36315047 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2134980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a major cause of chronic illness around the globe. It has been reported that soy-based fermented food (SFF) is very effective in preventing thrombus (one of the most important contributing factors to CVD), which are mainly attributed to the bioactive substances, especially the fibrinolytic enzymes (FE) generated by microorganisms during the fermentation process of soybean food. This paper therefore mainly reviewed the microbial fibrinolytic enzymes (MFE) from SFF. We first discuss the use of microbial fermentation to produce FE, with an emphasis on the strains involved. The production, purification, physicochemical properties, structure-functional attributes, functional properties and possible application of MFE from SFF are then discussed. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives for the production, purification, and the practical application of MFE are discussed. MFE from SFF pose multiple health benefits, including thrombolysis, antihypertension, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, anticancer, neuroprotective, antiviral and other activities. Therefore, they exhibit great potential for functional foods and nutraceutical applications, especially foods with CVDs prevention potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Yao
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmin Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma C, Osmolovskiy A, Singh R. Microbial Fibrinolytic Enzymes as Anti-Thrombotics: Production, Characterisation and Prodigious Biopharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1880. [PMID: 34834294 PMCID: PMC8625737 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disorders such as acute myocardial infarction, embolism and stroke are primarily attributed to excessive fibrin accumulation in the blood vessels, usually consequential in thrombosis. Numerous methodologies including the use of anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, surgical operations and fibrinolytic enzymes are employed for the dissolution of fibrin clots and hence ameliorate thrombosis. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted much more attention in the management of cardiovascular disorders than typical anti-thrombotic strategies because of the undesirable after-effects and high expense of the latter. Fibrinolytic enzymes such as plasminogen activators and plasmin-like proteins hydrolyse thrombi with high efficacy with no significant after-effects and can be cost effectively produced on a large scale with a short generation time. However, the hunt for novel fibrinolytic enzymes necessitates complex purification stages, physiochemical and structural-functional attributes, which provide an insight into their mechanism of action. Besides, strain improvement and molecular technologies such as cloning, overexpression and the construction of genetically modified strains for the enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzymes significantly improve their thrombolytic potential. In addition, the unconventional applicability of some fibrinolytic enzymes paves their way for protein hydrolysis in addition to fibrin/thrombi, blood pressure regulation, anti-microbials, detergent additives for blood stain removal, preventing dental caries, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic expectorant agents. Therefore, this review article encompasses the production, biochemical/structure-function properties, thrombolytic potential and other surplus applications of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Alexander Osmolovskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Keziah SM, Devi CS. Fibrinolytic and ACE Inhibitory Activity of Nattokinase Extracted from Bacillus subtilis VITMS 2: A Strain Isolated from Fermented Milk of Vigna unguiculata. Protein J 2021; 40:876-890. [PMID: 34611797 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current research work aims at optimization, production, purification and evaluation of fibrinolytic extracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis VITMS2 isolated from fermented milk of Vigna unguiculata. The optimal production was achieved at 4.0% inoculum, pH7.0, 30 °C with (1% w/v) sucrose, (2% w/v) soya bean meal and (2% w/v) malt extract and 10 mM of CaCl2, MgSO4, Na2HPO4 and K2HPO4. The clear cell-free supernatant was purified using conventional ammonium sulphate salt fractionation (75%), ultrafiltration, ion-exchange (DEAE Sepharose FF) and gel filtration (Sephadex G-50). The molecular mass was determined to be 29 kDa using SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified enzyme showed strong fibrinolytic activity with a specific activity of 2418.85 U/mg and has a yield of 12.01%. The enzyme was highly stable up to 60 °C and a pH range of 10.0 until 72 h of incubation. The purified enzyme showed 97.4% in vitro thrombolytic activity. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme was determined to be 0.0114 mM and 147.8 µmol min-1 using the chromogenic substrate S-7388. IC50 of ace inhibition was assessed to be 0.06 mg/mL suggesting anti-hypertensive property of the fibrinolytic enzyme. The above-obtained ace-inhibition results was supported by in silico molecular docking studies which revealed better binding affinity of nattokinase with a HADDOCK score of - 22.0 ± 8.5 confirms affinity towards angiotensin converting enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Merlyn Keziah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Subathra Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soares Bispo JR, de Oliveira Lima IG, da Silva MB, de Oliveira Feitosa A, Dos Santos ACM, Alexandre Moreira MS, Zambrano Passarini MR, Saraiva Câmara PEA, Rosa LH, Oliveira VM, de Queiroz AC, Fernandes Duarte AW. Fibrinolytic enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms in the development of new thrombolytic therapies: Technological Prospecting. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:169-183. [PMID: 34353276 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210805154713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremophilic microorganisms from a wide variety of extreme natural environments have been researched, and many biotechnological applications have been carried out, due to their capacity to produce biomolecules resistant to extreme conditions, such as fibrinolytic proteases. The search for new fibrinolytic enzymes is important in the development of new therapies against cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE This article aimed to evaluate the patents filed about protease with fibrinolytic activity produced by extremophilic microorganisms whose use is aimed at the development of new drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The prospecting was carried out using data on deposits and patent concessions made available on the technological bases: European Patent Office (EPO), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial - Brazil (INPI), The LENS and Patent Inspiration. The International Patent Classification and subclasses and groups for each document were also evaluated. RESULTS Although 382 patents were selected using terms related to extreme environments, such as "thermophile" and "acidophiles", few were related to clinical use and were mainly performed using Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces megasporus strains. A highlight of nattokinase was produced by Bacillus subtilis GDN and actinokinase by Streptomyces megasporus SD5. CONCLUSION The low number of patents on enzymes with this profile (extreme environments) revealed a little-explored field, promising in the development of new microbial thrombolytic drugs, such as fibrinolytic enzymes with less adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Romero Soares Bispo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| | - Igor Gomes de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| | - Maurício Bernardo da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| | - Alexya de Oliveira Feitosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Melo Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre Moreira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-900, Maceió, AL. Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG. Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia Oliveira
- Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP. Brazil
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| | - Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Complexo de Ciências Médicas e Enfermagem, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca, AL. Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao S, Hu D, Gao Y, Ai Y, Luo S, Chen S, Wang B, Zhou L, Dong Y, Wang Y. Safety assessment of subtilisin QK in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:38. [PMID: 34172094 PMCID: PMC8235616 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtilisin QK is a serine protease in the subtilisin family, and is fermented by Bacillus subtilis QK02. The fibrinolytic activity of subtilisin QK was measured by detecting low molecular weight degradation products using a spectrophotometric method developed by Japan Bio Science Laboratory Co., Ltd. Subtilisin QK powder can maintain its fibrinolytic activity for more than 24 months when it is stored at room temperature and protected from light. Our previous results showed that subtlisin QK directly degraded cross-linked fibrins in the fibrin plate assay and effectively inhibited thrombosis in the mouse thrombus model. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity, potential subchronic toxicity, and safety pharmacology of subtilisin QK in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS In the acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 100,000 FU/kg was administered to 10 female and 10 male SD rats. In the 28-day subchronic toxicity, 60 female and 60 male SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (daily oral dose of 0, 2500, 7500 and 25,000 FU/kg). In the safety pharmacology study, 20 female and 20 male SD rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (single oral dose of 0, 500, 1500 and 5000 FU/kg). RESULTS No death occurred and no adverse effects were observed in the acute toxicity study at a dose of 100,000 FU/kg. In the 28-day subchronic toxicity study, several hematological and blood biochemical parameters showed increases or decreases; however, due to the lack of a dose-response relationship, these differences were considered unrelated to treatment. In the safety pharmacology study, no adverse effects were observed on the central nervous of SD rats post-administration up to a dose of 5000 FU/kg subtilisin QK. CONCLUSION The results showed that oral consumption of subtilisin QK is of low toxicological concern. No adverse effects were observed at doses of 2500, 7500, and 25,000 FU/kg in the 28-day subchronic toxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of subtilisin QK was 25,000 FU/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dingbang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Wuhan Zhenfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Sang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanshan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Wuhan Zhenfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahnan-Winarno AD, Cordeiro L, Winarno FG, Gibbons J, Xiao H. Tempeh: A semicentennial review on its health benefits, fermentation, safety, processing, sustainability, and affordability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1717-1767. [PMID: 33569911 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tempeh is a fermented food made of mainly soybeans and is a nutritious, affordable, and sustainable functional source of protein. Globally, tempeh is a widely accepted fermented product. Although there is a growing body of literature on tempeh, most research has focused on unfermented soybeans, thus the impact of tempeh fermentation on biological properties of soybeans has been largely left scattered. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature of tempeh fermentation over the past 60 years. A search of articles on tempeh published from 1960 to 2020 was performed using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCOhost FSTA database, and Google Scholar. References from identified articles were reviewed for additional sources. In total, 321 papers were selected for this review, of which 64 papers were related to the health benefits of tempeh. This review concluded that sufficient evidence exists in the literature supporting tempeh fermentation as a low-cost, health-promoting, and sustainable food processing technology to produce protein-rich foods using various beans, legumes, and grains. This comprehensive review suggests further studies are needed on tempeh fermentation and its impact on human health; research and standardization of nonsoy tempeh; assessment of food safety-improving modification in tempeh production system; and initiatives supporting the sourcing of local ingredients in tempeh production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - John Gibbons
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao S, Dong Y, Hu K, Hu D, Zhou L, Wang Y. Acute and Subchronic Toxicities and Safety Pharmacology Studies of a Bacillus Subtilisin in Dogs. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:211-218. [PMID: 33281147 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Subtilisin NAT, a Bacillus subtilisin, is widely applied as a functional food and considered to be one of the most exploitable potential oral thrombolytic agents. Subtilisin QK, another Bacillus subtilisin, is a serine protease fermented by Bacillus subtilis 02 and has a better thrombolytic effect. Therefore, subtilisin QK is typically used for evaluating the safety of Bacillus subtilisins. Here, we conduct several good laboratory practice (GLP)-compliant studies in non-rodent animal, i.e., in Beagle dogs, including acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, and safety pharmacology studies. No adverse effects were evident in the acute and 28-d subchronic toxicity studies at doses up to 40000 FU/kg and 16000 FU/kg/d, respectively. In evaluating the pharmacological safety of up to 2000FU/kg subtilisin QK, we found no significant differences between the electrocardiograms, blood pressures, and respiration of beagle dogs. These findings suggest the safety of Bacillus subtilisin, providing reliable pharmacological and toxicological data for its development and popularization as a functional food and drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences
| | - Yanshan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences.,Wuhan Zhenfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Kunkun Hu
- Wuhan Zhenfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Dingbang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences.,Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University School of Medicine
| | - Yefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Life Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moula Ali AM, Bavisetty SCB. Purification, physicochemical properties, and statistical optimization of fibrinolytic enzymes especially from fermented foods: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1498-1517. [PMID: 32781120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes are proteases responsible for cleavage of fibrin mesh in thrombus clots, which are the primary causative agents in cardiovascular diseases. Developing safe, effective and cheap thrombolytic agents are important for prevention and cure of thrombosis. Although a wide variety of sources have been discovered for fibrinolytic enzymes, only few of them have been employed in clinical and therapeutic applications due to the drawbacks such as high cost of production, low stability of enzyme or therapeutic side effects. However, the discovery of new fibrinolytic enzymes requires complex purification stages and characterization, which gives an insight into their diverse modes of action. Post-discovery, approaches such as a) statistical optimization for fermentative bioprocessing and b) genetic engineering are advantageous in providing economic viability by finding simple and cost-effective medium, strain development with sufficient nutrient supplements for stable and high-level production of recombinant enzyme. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of different sources, purification techniques, production through genetic engineering approaches and statistical optimization of fermentation parameters as proteases have a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications making 60% of total enzyme market worldwide. New strategies targeting increased enzyme yields, non-denaturing environments, improved stability, enzyme activity and strain improvement have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Muhammed Moula Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sri Charan Bindu Bavisetty
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rathnasamy SK, Durai A, Vigneshkumar AA, Purushothaman C, Rajendran DS, Chandramouliswaran K. One-pot simultaneous production and sustainable purification of fibrinolytic protease from Bacillus cereus using natural deep eutectic solvents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13356. [PMID: 32770127 PMCID: PMC7414877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study report for the first time on the one-pot production and purification of fibrinolytic protease from Bacillus cereus by extractive fermentation using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Cheese whey was chosen as a sustainable low-cost production alternative yielding a significantly high amount of protease (185.7 U/mg). Five natural deep eutectic solvents with menthol as hydrogen bond donor and sugar molecules as corresponding hydrogen bond acceptors were synthesized and their association was confirmed with H1 NMR. Thermophysical investigation of the synthetic NADES was accomplished as a function of temperature to define their extraction ability. Response surface methodology based optimization of concentration of NADES (77.5% w/w), Na2SO4 (14% w/v) and cheese whey (1% w/w) were accomplished for extractive fermentation. Further, preparative purification using size exclusion chromatography was used to quantify the amount of enzyme obtained in the extraction phase (190 U/ml). On subsequent purification with an anion exchange column, the maximum purity fold (21.2) with enzyme activity (2,607.8 U/ml) was attained. The optimal pH (8.0), temperature (50 °C) were determined and the in-vitro fibrinolytic activity has been confirmed using a fibrin plate assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Rathnasamy
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
| | - Aadhavan Durai
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - A A Vigneshkumar
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - C Purushothaman
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - K Chandramouliswaran
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Danilova I, Sharipova M. The Practical Potential of Bacilli and Their Enzymes for Industrial Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1782. [PMID: 32849401 PMCID: PMC7417770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are an affordable source of enzymes due to their wide distribution, safety in work, ease of cultivation, and susceptibility to genetic transformations. Researchers are particularly interested in proteolytic enzymes, which constitute one of the most diverse groups of microbial proteins in terms of properties. Despite the long history of their research, this group of enzymes continue to show great potential for practical application in the biomedical industry, as well as in the agricultural industry. Thus, the unique properties of bacillary proteinases, such as stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH, high specificity, biodegradability of a wide range of substrates, and the high potential of sequenced Bacillus genomes are a powerful foundation for the development of new biotechnologies. The current review aims to discuss recent studies on various enzymes in particular, proteinases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus, along with their prospective practical applications. This article also presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on the usage of probiotic Bacillus strains as potential feed additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Danilova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Sharipova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
D'Souza DH, Bhattacharya S, Das A. Fibrinolytic protease from Bacillus cereus S46: Purification, characterization, and evaluation of its in vitro thrombolytic potential. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:661-668. [PMID: 32515847 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis is a prime cause of cardiac complications worldwide. Microbial fibrinolytic proteases are of clinical significance in thrombosis treatment. The present study discusses the purification and characterization of a protease from Bacillus cereus S46, ascertaining its in vitro thrombolytic activity against a blood clot. By the three-step purification involving precipitation, dialysis, and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, a 12.37-fold purification of the enzyme to homogeneity was achieved. The apparent molecular mass of the protease was 30 kDa, as found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme was observed at pH 8.0 and 40°C. The enzyme retained an 82.19% residual activity at pH 8.0 and 40°C for 1 h. The Km and Vmax values of the protease with casein were 0.0027 mM and 9.712 µmol/min, respectively. In an in vitro assay, the purified protease resulted in 97.02% lysis of the blood clot. The fibrinolytic potential of the enzyme, together with its characteristics of being active and stable under near-physiological conditions, may suggest its application as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desrie H D'Souza
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thu NTA, Khue NTM, Huy ND, Tien NQD, Loc NH. Characterizations and Fibrinolytic Activity of Serine Protease from Bacillus subtilis C10. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:110-116. [PMID: 31577203 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191002145415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinolytic enzymes, such as Nattokinases from Bacillus species are known to degrade the fibrin blood clots. They belong to serine protease group having commercial applications, such as therapeutic agents and functional food formulation. OBJECTIVE The present study reports some characteristics and fibrinolytic activity of serine protease from B. subtilis C10 strain that was isolated from shrimp shell. METHODS Extracellular enzyme from B. subtilis C10 culture was harvested and partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme was determined by zymography and measured by spectrophotometry with fibrinogen and thrombin used as substrates. The optimal temperature and pH for fibrinolytic activity were studied in the range of 31-43ºC and 5-10, respectively. The thermal and pH stability of enzyme was studied by incubating enzyme for 30 min in the same range of temperature and pH as above. The effect of some metal ions and reagents on fibrinolytic activity of enzyme was evaluated by concentrations of 5 mM and 5%, respectively. RESULTS Zymogram analysis indicated the presence of four fibrinolytic enzymes with molecular weights of approximately 69, 67, 39 and 36 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity were 37°C and 9, respectively. The thermal and pH stability ranged from 35-39°C and 8-10, respectively. Fibrinolytic activity reached a maximum value of about 400 U/mg protein after 16 h of C10 strain culture. Enzyme has been drastically inhibited by PMSF and SDS, and partially inhibited by EDTA, while Triton X-100 has significantly increased enzyme activity. Effects of ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ on enzyme were negligible, except Cu2+ and Zn2+ have strongly decreased its activity. CONCLUSION Results from the present study suggested that enzyme obtained from B. subtilis C10 could be serine protease that has a high fibrinolytic activity up to about 400 U/mg protein at the most appropriate temperature and pH of 37ºC and 9. This activity can be improved up to 142% by incubating enzyme with 5% Triton X-100 for 30 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T A Thu
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam; 3Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T M Khue
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen D Huy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Q D Tien
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen H Loc
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biology, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Yu D, Wang Z, Hou J, Tyagi R, Liang Y, Hu Y. Purification and characterization of a novel, highly potent fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis DC27 screened from Douchi, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean food. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9235. [PMID: 31239529 PMCID: PMC6592948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis DC27 and isolated from Douchi, a traditional fermented soybean food. The DFE27 enzyme was purified from the fermentation broth of B. subtilis DC27 by using UNOsphere Q column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography. It was 29 kDa in molecular mass and showed the optimal reaction temperature and pH value of 45 °C and 7.0, respectively, with a stable fibrinolytic activity below 50 °C and within the pH range of 6.0 to 10.0. DFE27 was identified as a serine protease due to its complete inhibition by phenylmethysulfony fluoride. The first 24 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence of the enzyme were AQSVPYGVSQIKAPALHSQGFTGS. The enzyme displayed the highest specificity toward the substrate D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA for plasmin and it could not only directly degrade but also hydrolyze fibrin by activating plasminogen into plasmin. Overall, the DFE27 enzyme was obviously different from other known fibrinolytic enzymes in the optimum substrate specificity or fibrinolytic action mode, suggesting that it is a novel fibrinolytic enzyme and may have potential applications in the treatment and prevention of thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation& Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianjun Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation& Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, 430068, China.
| | - Yongmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anti-inflammatory activity of a serine protease produced from Bacillus pumilus SG2. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Taneja K, Kumar Bajaj B, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N. Process optimization for production and purification of novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1504925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapila Taneja
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Narasimhan MK, Ethiraj S, Krishnamurthi T, Rajesh M. Purification, biochemical, and thermal properties of fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus SRM-001. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:34-42. [PMID: 29106326 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1387560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes is essential to treat cardiovascular diseases. This study reports the discovery of a fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus cereus SRM-001, a microorganism isolated from the soil of a chicken waste-dump yard. The B. cereus SRM-001 was cultured and the secreted fibrinolytic enzyme purified to show that it is a ∼28 kDa protein. The purified enzyme was characterized for its kinetics, biochemical and thermal properties to show that it possesses properties similar to plasmin. A HPLC-MS/MS analysis of trypsin digested protein indicated that the fibrinolytic enzyme shared close sequence homology with serine proteases reported for other Bacillus sp. The results show that the B. cereus SRM-001 secreted enzyme is a ∼28 kDa serine protease that possesses fibrinolytic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Narasimhan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering , SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Selvarajan Ethiraj
- a Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering , SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Tamilarasan Krishnamurthi
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , School of Bioengineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Mathur Rajesh
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , School of Bioengineering, SRM University , Kattankulathur , Tamil Nadu , India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Production, purification and characterization of fibrinolytic enzyme from Serratia sp. KG-2-1 using optimized media. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28664371 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis is one of the major causes of variety of cardiovascular disorders leading to high mortality worldwide. Fibrinolytic enzymes from microbial sources possess ability to dissolve these clots and help to circumvent these problems in more efficient and safer way. In the present study, fibrinolytic protease with higher fibrinolytic activity than plasmin was obtained from Serratia sp. KG-2-1 isolated from garbage dump soil. Response surface methodology was used to study the interactive effect of concentration of maltose, yeast extract + peptone (1:1), incubation time, and pH on enzyme production and biomass. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 33 °C after 24 h at neutral pH in media containing 1.5% Maltose, 4.0% yeast extract + peptone and other trace elements resulting in 1.82 folds increased production. The enzyme was purified from crude extract using ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography resulting in 12.9 fold purification with 14.9% yield. The purified enzyme belongs to metalloprotease class and had optimal activity in conditions similar to physiological environment with temperature optima of 40 °C and pH optima of 8. The enzyme was found to be stable in various solvents and its activity was enhanced in presence of Na+, K+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Hg2+ but inhibited by Ca2+ and Fe3+. Hence, the obtained enzyme may be used as potential therapeutic agent in combating various thrombolytic disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Choi JH, Kim JE, Kim S, Yoon J, Park DH, Shin HJ, Lee HJ, Cho SS. Purification and partial characterization of a low molecular fibrinolytic serine metalloprotease C142 from the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis C142. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:724-731. [PMID: 28600208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel serine metalloprotease-like enzyme, C142 was purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus subtilis C142. The C142 was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure with a 20.7-fold increase in specific activity and 0.9% recovery. The molecular mass of C142 was approximately 23.5kDa based on SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 21 amino acids of C142 was AQSVPYGISQIKAPALHSQGY. Its optimum pH, optimum temperature, pH stability, and thermal stability were pH 6, 40°C, pH 6-8, and 20-35°C, respectively. C142 was strongly inhibited by PMSF and EGTA, suggesting that C142 was a serine metalloprotease-like enzyme. C142 showed the highest specificity toward the substrate for t-PA. The apparent Km, Vmax, and Kcat values of C142 toward H-d-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA were determined as 0.34mM, 0.25mmolmg-1min-1, and 46.83s-1. C142 exhibited fibrinolytic activity, which is stronger than that of plasmin. C142 hydrolyzed Aα, and Bβ-chains of fibrinogen, but did not cleave γ-chains. C142 had antithrombotic effect in three animal models. C142 was devoid of hemorrhagic activity at a dose of 20,000FU/kg. Taken together, our results indicate that B. subtilis C142 produces a serine metalloprotease-like enzyme/fibrinolytic enzyme and this enzyme might be used as a new thrombolytic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 61743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 61743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Nursing, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, 61743, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Velusamy P, Pachaiappan R, Christopher M, Vaseeharan B, Anbu P, So JS. Isolation and identification of a novel fibrinolytic Bacillus tequilensis CWD-67 from dumping soils enriched with poultry wastes. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 61:241-7. [PMID: 26782654 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated strain, CWD-67, which exhibited high fibrinolytic activity, was screened from dumping soils enriched with poultry wastes. The strain was identified as Bacillus tequilensis (KF897935) by 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis and biochemical characterization. A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant using ammonium sulfate precipitation, membrane concentration, dialysis, ion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa, which is the lowest among Bacillus fibrinolytic enzymes reported to date. The purified enzyme was confirmed to have fibrinolytic activity by a fibrin zymogram. The optimal pH and temperature values of the enzyme were 8.0 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF and significantly inhibited by EDTA, TPCK, Co(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+), suggesting a chymotrypsin-like serine metalloprotease. In vitro assays revealed that the purified enzyme could catalyze fibrin lysis effectively, indicating that this enzyme could be a useful fibrinolytic agent.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bora B, Biswas AD, Gurung AB, Bhattacharjee A, Mattaparthi VSK, Mukherjee AK. An in silico approach to understand the structure–function properties of a serine protease (Bacifrinase) from Bacillus cereus and experimental evidence to support the interaction of Bacifrinase with fibrinogen and thrombin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:622-644. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1158665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Bora
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Akash Deep Biswas
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meshram V, Saxena S, Paul K. Xylarinase: a novel clot busting enzyme from an endophytic fungus Xylaria curta. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1502-11. [PMID: 27033431 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1151013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylarinase is a bi-functional fibrinolytic metalloprotease isolated from the culture filtrate of endophytic fungus Xylaria curta which is monomeric with a molecular mass of ∼33.76 kDa. The enzyme displayed both plasmin and tissue plasminogen activator like activity under in vitro conditions. It hydrolyses Aα and Bβ chains of the fibrinogen. Optimal fibrinolytic activity of xylarinase is observed at 35 °C, pH 8. Ca(2+) stimulated the fibrinolytic activity of xylarinase while Fe(2+) and Zn(2+) inhibited suggesting it to be a metalloprotease. The Km and Vmax values of xylarinase were 240.9 μM and 1.10 U/ml for fibrinogen and 246 μM and 1.22 U/ml for fibrin, respectively. Xylarinase was found to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. The N-terminal sequence of xylarinase (SNGPLPGGVVWAG) did not show any homology with previously known fibrinolytic enzymes. Thus xylarinase is a novel fibrinolytic metalloprotease which could be possibly used as a new clot busting enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Meshram
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , India and
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , India and
| | - Karan Paul
- b Department of Biochemistry , DAV University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vijayaraghavan P, Arun A, Vincent SGP, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA. Cow Dung Is a Novel Feedstock for Fibrinolytic Enzyme Production from Newly Isolated Bacillus sp. IND7 and Its Application in In Vitro Clot Lysis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:361. [PMID: 27065952 PMCID: PMC4810022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes find great applications to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases. The novel fibrinolytic enzymes from food grade organisms are useful for thrombolytic therapy. This study reports fibrinolytic enzyme production by Bacillus sp. IND7 in solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this study, cow dung was used as the cheap substrate for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme. Enzyme production was primarily improved by optimizing the nutrient and physical factors by one-variable-at-a-time approach. A statistical method (two-level full factorial design) was applied to investigate the significant variables. Of the different variables, pH, starch, and beef extract significantly influenced on the production of fibrinolytic enzyme (p < 0.05). The optimum levels of these significant factors were further investigated using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for enhanced fibrinolytic enzyme production were 1.23% (w/w) starch and 0.3% (w/w) beef extract with initial medium pH 9.0. Under the optimized conditions, cow dung substrate yielded 8,345 U/g substrate, and an overall 2.5-fold improvement in fibrinolytic enzyme production was achieved due to its optimization. This is the first report of fibrinolytic enzyme production using cow dung substrate from Bacillus sp. in SSF. The crude enzyme displayed potent activity on zymography and digested goat blood clot completely in in vitro condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityRajakkamangalam, India
| | | | - Samuel Gnana Prakash Vincent
- International Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityRajakkamangalam, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lim JS, Garcia CV, Lee SP. Optimized Production of GABA and γ-PGA in a Turmeric and Roasted Soybean Mixture Co-fermented by Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Soon Lim
- The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources (TMR), Keimyung University
| | | | - Sam-Pin Lee
- The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources (TMR), Keimyung University
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Optimization for production of liquid nitrogen fertilizer from the degradation of chicken feather by iron-oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles coupled β-keratinase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
27
|
Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of subtilisin-like fibrinolytic enzyme from a newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum KSK-II in blood destaining and antimicrobials. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:316-24. [PMID: 25504817 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An antimicrobial oxidative- and SDS-stable fibrinolytic alkaline protease designated as KSK-II was produced by Lactobacillus plantarum KSK-II isolated from kishk, a traditional Egyptian food. Maximum enzyme productivity was obtained in medium containing 1% lactose and 0.5% soybean flour as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Purification of enzyme increased its specific activity to 1,140-fold with a recovery of 33% and molecular weight of 43.6 kDa. Enzyme activity was totally lost in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and was restored after addition of Fe(2+) suggesting that KSK-II is a metalloprotease and Fe(2+) acts as cofactor. Enzyme hydrolyzed not only the natural proteins but also synthetic substrates, particularly Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. KSK-II can hydrolyze the Lys-X easier than Arg-X; thus, it was considered as a subtilisin-family protease. Its apparent Km , Vmax , and Kcat were 0.41 mM, 6.4 µmol mg(-1) min(-1) , and 28.0 s(-1) , respectively. KSK-II is industrially important from the perspectives of its maximal activity at 50°C (stable up to 70°C), ability to function at alkaline pH (10.0), stability at broad pH ranges (7.5-12.0) in addition to its stability toward SDS, H2 O2 , organic solvents, and detergents. We emphasize for the first time the potential of fibrinolytic activity for alkaline proteases used in detergents especially in blood destaining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Research Laboratory of Bacteriology, Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, 44519
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Afifah DN, Sulchan M, Syah D, Yanti, Suhartono MT, Kim JH. Purification and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Bacillus pumilus 2.g Isolated from Gembus, an Indonesian Fermented Food. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:213-9. [PMID: 25320719 PMCID: PMC4195627 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus 2.g isolated from gembus, an Indonesian fermented soybean cake, secretes several proteases that have strong fibrinolytic activities. A fibrinolytic enzyme with an apparent molecular weight of 20 kDa was purified from the culture supernatant of B. pumilus 2.g by sequential application of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic chromatography. The partially purified enzyme was stable between pH 5 and pH 9 and temperature of less than 60°C. Fibrinolytic activity was increased by 5 mM MgCl2 and 5 mM CaCl2 but inhibited by 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The partially purified enzyme quickly degraded the α and β chains of fibrinogen but was unable to degrade the γ chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nur Afifah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50231, Central Java, Indonesia ; Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sulchan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50231, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Dahrul Syah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yanti
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
| | | | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 660-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kook MC, Cho SC, Hong YH, Park H. Bacillus subtilis Fermentation for Enhancement of Feed Nutritive Value of Soybean Meal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2014.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Statistical optimization of fibrinolytic enzyme production using agroresidues by Bacillus cereus IND1 and its thrombolytic activity in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:725064. [PMID: 25003130 PMCID: PMC4070475 DOI: 10.1155/2014/725064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing Bacillus cereus IND1 was isolated from the Indian food, rice. Solid-state fermentation was carried out using agroresidues for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme. Among the substrates, wheat bran supported more enzyme production and has been used for the optimized enzyme production by statistical approach. Two-level full-factorial design demonstrated that moisture, supplementation of beef extract, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate have significantly influenced enzyme production (P < 0.05). A central composite design resulted in the production of 3699 U/mL of enzyme in the presence of 0.3% (w/w) beef extract and 0.05% (w/w) sodium dihydrogen phosphate, at 100% (v/w) moisture after 72 h of fermentation. The enzyme production increased fourfold compared to the original medium. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography, and casein-agarose affinity chromatography and had an apparent molecular mass of 29.5 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of fibrinolytic enzyme were found to be 8.0 and 60°C, respectively. This enzyme was highly stable at wide pH range (7.0–9.0) and showed 27% ± 6% enzyme activity after initial denaturation at 60°C for 1 h. In vitro assays revealed that the enzyme could activate plasminogen and significantly degraded the fibrin net of blood clot, which suggests its potential as an effective thrombolytic agent.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:656-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt 44519
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Park CS. Characterization of a recombinant l-rhamnose isomerase from Bacillus subtilis and its application on production of l-lyxose and l-mannose. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Suwanmanon K, Hsieh PC. IsolatingBacillus subtilisand optimizing its fermentative medium for GABA and nattokinase production. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.848472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Biochemical characteristics of a fibrinolytic enzyme purified from a marine bacterium, Bacillus subtilis HQS-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:124-30. [PMID: 24004684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme isolated from marine Bacillus subtilis HQS-3 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation, alkaline solution treatment, membrane concentration, dialysis, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography showed that it was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 26 kDa. The purified enzyme was active at pH 6.0-10.0 with an optimum pH of 8.0. It was stable at temperatures ranging from 25 to 37 °C, exhibiting maximum activity between 45 °C and 50 °C. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 9.0-9.2, which was higher than those of other known fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus species. PMSF, EDTA, Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Co(2+) inhibited the enzyme activity significantly. This enzyme did not cause hemolysis in vitro and preferred direct degradation of fibrin in the following order: α, β, and γ-γ chains. Thus, these results suggest that the marine-derived enzyme is a plasmin-like serine metalloprotease, which is distinct from other fibrinolytic enzymes from genus Bacillus.
Collapse
|
35
|
Activity assessment of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6647-65. [PMID: 23812278 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin inside blood vessels results in thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. In general, there are four therapy options: surgical operation, intake of antiplatelets, anticoagulants, or fibrinolytic enzymes. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted much more attention than typical thrombolytic agents because of the expensive prices and the side effects of the latter. The fibrinolytic enzymes were successively discovered from different microorganisms, the most important among which is the genus Bacillus. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes, especially those from food-grade microorganisms, have the potential to be developed as functional food additives and drugs to prevent or cure thrombosis and other related diseases. There are several assay methods for these enzymes; this may due to the insolubility of substrate, fibrin. Existing assay methods can be divided into three major groups. The first group consists of assay of fibrinolytic activity with natural proteins as substrates, e.g., fibrin plate methods. The second and third groups of assays are suitable for kinetic studies and are based on the determination of hydrolysis of synthetic peptide esters. This review will deal primarily with the microorganisms that have been reported in literature to produce fibrinolytic enzymes and the first review discussing the methods used to assay the fibrinolytic activity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Spent brewery yeast sludge as a single nitrogen source for fibrinolytic enzyme production of Virgibacillus sp. SK37. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
37
|
Chang CT, Wang PM, Hung YF, Chung YC. Purification and biochemical properties of a fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis-fermented red bean. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
38
|
Mukherjee AK, Rai SK, Thakur R, Chattopadhyay P, Kar SK. Bafibrinase: A non-toxic, non-hemorrhagic, direct-acting fibrinolytic serine protease from Bacillus sp. strain AS-S20-I exhibits in vivo anticoagulant activity and thrombolytic potency. Biochimie 2012; 94:1300-8. [PMID: 22386870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A non-toxic, direct-acting fibrinolytic serine protease (Bafibrinase) demonstrating thrombolytic and anticoagulant properties was purified from Bacillus sp. strain AS-S20-I. Bafibrinase was monomeric, with a molecular mass of 32.3 kDa. The peptide mass fingerprinting of Bafibrinase revealed only 8.3% sequence coverage, suggesting it was a novel fibrinolytic enzyme. However, two of the tryptic digested de novo peptide sequences of Bafibrinase demonstrated good similarity with endopeptidases possessing serine in their catalytic triad. Further, catalytic activity of Bafibrinase was inhibited by serine protease inhibitor reinforcing this is a subtilisin-like serine protease. The apparent K(m) and V(max) values of Bafibrinase towards fibrin were determined as 0.24 μM and 2.8 μmol/min, respectively. It showed a K(m) value of 0.139 mM towards a chromogenic substrate for plasmin (D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-Nitroanilide dihydrochloride) and optimum activity at physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4). Based on the cleavage pattern of fibrin and fibrinogen, Bafibrinase may be classified as an α,β-fibrinogenase. Bafibrinase could not degrade collagen and was non-cytotoxic to HT29 cells or mammalian erythrocytes. Further, Bafibrinase at a dose of 2 mg/kg was devoid of toxicity as well as hemorrhagic activity on BALB/c mouse model, supporting its suitability for the development of a better and safer thrombolytic drug. Bafibrinase was also superior to human plasmin in degrading in vitro thrombus. The in vivo anticoagulant nature of Bafibrinase is being explored for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mander P, Cho SS, Simkhada JR, Choi YH, Yoo JC. A low molecular weight chymotrypsin-like novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Streptomyces sp. CS624. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Jo HD, Kwon GH, Park JY, Cha J, Song YS, Kim JH. Cloning and overexpression of aprE3-17 encoding the major fibrinolytic protease of Bacillus licheniformis CH 3-17. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Mukherjee AK, Kumar TS, Rai SK, Roy JK. Statistical optimization of Bacillus alcalophilus α-amylase immobilization on iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
42
|
Wang SL, Wu YY, Liang TW. Purification and biochemical characterization of a nattokinase by conversion of shrimp shell with Bacillus subtilis TKU007. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from chive (Allium tuberosum). Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
44
|
Yin LJ, Lin HH, Jiang ST. Bioproperties of potent nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis YJ1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5737-5742. [PMID: 20334345 DOI: 10.1021/jf100290h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzyme activity was observed during cultivation of Bacillus subtilis YJ1 in a medium containing 1% skim milk, 1% rice husk, 0.5% NaCl, and 0.25% glucose. It was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity after CM-sepharose FF chromatography. The specific activity and yield were 1791.9 FU/mg and 9.5%, respectively. This purified fibrinolytic enzyme had M of 27.5 kDa, optimal temperature and pH at 50 degrees C and 8.5, respectively. It was stable at pH 6.0-10.0 and 10-40 degrees C and inhibited by Fe(3+), Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and PMSF. Compared the N terminal of amino acids and full DNA sequence with those in NCBI, it was considered to be a nattokinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Yin
- Department of Sea Food Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li AN, Li DC. Cloning, expression and characterization of the serine protease gene from Chaetomium thermophilum. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 106:369-80. [PMID: 19200305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Microbial proteases play an essential role in scientific research and commercial applications. This study is to clone, sequence, and express a thermostable protease gene from the thermophilic fungi Chaetomium thermophilum and to generate yeast strains expressing C. thermophilum protease suitable for industrial applications. METHODS AND RESULTS Degenerate primers were designed based on the conserved domain of other identified serine proteases and cDNA fragment of C. thermophilum gene pro was obtained through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The full-length cDNA of 2007 bp was generated using RACE amplification. The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1596 bp encoding 532 amino acids. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed high homology with the catalytic domains of the subtilisin serine proteases. The C. thermophilum gene pro was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and Pichia pastoris, respectively and soluble protein was obtained in P. pastoris. The expressed protease was secreted into the culture medium by the yeast in a functional active form and the purified recombinant protease exhibits optimum catalytic activity at pH 8.0 and 60 degrees C. The enzyme is stable at 60 degrees C. The integration of gene pro into P. pastoris genome is stable after 10 generations and the yeast transformants showed a consistent protease expression. CONCLUSIONS Gene pro encoding a serine protease from C. thermophilum was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed successfully in P. pastoris. The expressed protease was purified and the properties of the recombinant protease are characterized. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Chaetomium thermophilum is a soil-borne thermophilic fungus and the protease cloned from it is stable in a high temperature and a wide rage of pH. The overexpression of the enzyme in a mesophilic micro-organism offers a potential value for scientific research and commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-N Li
- Department of Environmental Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Agrebi R, Haddar A, Hmidet N, Jellouli K, Manni L, Nasri M. BSF1 fibrinolytic enzyme from a marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis A26: Purification, biochemical and molecular characterization. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
47
|
Choi NS, Song JJ, Chung DM, Kim YJ, Maeng PJ, Kim SH. Purification and characterization of a novel thermoacid-stable fibrinolytic enzyme from Staphylococcus sp. strain AJ isolated from Korean salt-fermented Anchovy-joet. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:417-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
48
|
Lu F, Sun L, Lu Z, Bie X, Fang Y, Liu S. Isolation and Identification of an Endophytic Strain EJS-3 Producing Novel Fibrinolytic Enzymes. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:435-9. [PMID: 17487531 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic strain EJS-3, which produces a novel fibrinolytic enzyme, was screened from root tissue of Stemona japonica (Blume) Miq, a chinese traditional medicine. This strain was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa (DQ120522) by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two serine-type fibrinolytic enzymes with a relative molecular weight about 118 and 49 kDa, respectively, which are larger than known fibrinolytic enzymes, were found by the SDS-fibrin zymogram or by fibrin-inhibitor zymography gels. No work on P. polymyxa-producing fibrinolytic enzymes has been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|