1
|
Duo Saito RA, Moliné M, de Garcia V. Physiological characterization of polyextremotolerant yeasts from cold environments of Patagonia. Extremophiles 2024; 28:17. [PMID: 38342818 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Yeasts from cold environments have a wide range of strategies to prevent the negative effects of extreme conditions, including the production of metabolites of biotechnological interest. We investigated the growth profile and production of metabolites in yeast species isolated from cold environments. Thirty-eight strains were tested for their ability to grow at different temperatures (5-30 °C) and solute concentrations (3-12.5% NaCl and 50% glucose). All strains tested were able to grow at 5 °C, and 77% were able to grow with 5% NaCl at 18 °C. We were able to group strains based on different physicochemical/lifestyle profiles such as polyextremotolerant, osmotolerant, psychrotolerant, or psychrophilic. Five strains were selected to study biomass and metabolite production (glycerol, trehalose, ergosterol, and mycosporines). These analyses revealed that the accumulation pattern of trehalose and ergosterol was related to each lifestyle profile. Also, our findings would suggest that mycosporines does not have a role as an osmolyte. Non-conventional fermentative yeasts such as Phaffia tasmanica and Saccharomyces eubayanus may be of interest for trehalose production. This work contributes to the knowledge of non-conventional yeasts with biotechnological application from cold environments, including their growth profile, metabolites, and biomass production under different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubí A Duo Saito
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Quintral, Argentina
| | - Martín Moliné
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Quintral, Argentina
| | - Virginia de Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moliné M, Libkind D, van Broock MR. Two at once: simultaneous increased production of astaxanthin and mycosporines in a single batch culture using a Phaffia rhodozyma mutant strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:87. [PMID: 38329645 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast characterized by its production of the carotenoid pigment astaxanthin, which holds high commercial value for its significance in aquaculture, cosmetics and as nutraceutics, and the UV-B-absorbing compound mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside (MGG), which is of great biotechnological relevance for its incorporation into natural sunscreens. However, the industrial exploitation has been limited to the production of astaxanthin in small quantities. On the other hand, the accumulation of MGG in P. rhodozyma was recently reported and could add value to the simultaneous production of both metabolites. In this work, we obtain a mutant strain that overproduces both compounds, furthermore we determined how the accumulation of each is affected by the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and six biotic and abiotic factors. The mutant obtained produces 159% more astaxanthin (470.1 μg g-1) and 220% more MGG (57.9 mg g-1) than the parental strain (295.8 μg g-1 and 26.2 mg g-1 respectively). Furthermore, we establish that the carotenoids accumulate during the exponential growth phase while MGG accumulates during the stationary phase. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio affects each metabolite differently, high ratios favoring carotenoid accumulation while low ratios favoring MGG accumulation. Finally, the accumulation of both metabolites is stimulated only by photosynthetically active radiation and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The mutant strain obtained is the first hyper-productive mutant capable of accumulating high concentrations of MGG and astaxanthin described to date. The characterization of how both compounds accumulate during growth and the factors that stimulate their accumulation, are the first steps toward the future commercial exploitation of strains for the simultaneous production of two biotechnologically important metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moliné
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, 8400, Argentina.
| | - D Libkind
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, 8400, Argentina
| | - M R van Broock
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, 8400, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mussagy CU, Remonatto D, Picheli FP, Paula AV, Herculano RD, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Farias RL, S D Onishi B, J L Ribeiro S, F B Pereira J, Pessoa A. A look into Phaffia rhodozyma biorefinery: From the recovery and fractionation of carotenoids, lipids and proteins to the sustainable manufacturing of biologically active bioplastics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127785. [PMID: 35970502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids over-producing yeast has become a focus of interest of the biorefineries, in which the integration of the bioproduction with the following downstream processing units for the recovery and purification of carotenoids and other value-added byproducts is crucial to improve the sustainability and profitability of the overall bioprocess. Aiming the future implementation of Phaffia rhodozyma-based biorefineries, in this work, an integrative process for fractionation of intracellular compounds from P. rhodozyma biomass using non-hazardous bio-based solvents was developed. After one-extraction step, the total amount of astaxanthin, β-carotene, lipids and proteins recovered was 63.11 µg/gDCW, 42.81 µg/gDCW, 53.75 mg/gDCW and 10.93 mg/g, respectively. The implementation of sequential back-extraction processes and integration with saponification and precipitation operations allowed the efficient fractionation and recovery (% w/w) of astaxanthin (∼72.5 %), β-carotene ∼90.17 %), proteins (21.04 %) and lipids (23.72 %). After fractionation, the manufacture of carotenoids-based products was demonstrated, through the mixture of carotenoids-rich extracts with bacterial cellulose to obtain biologically active bioplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile.
| | - Daniela Remonatto
- São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio P Picheli
- São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariela V Paula
- São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli D Herculano
- São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan L Farias
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno S D Onishi
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- São Paulo University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
David-Palma M, Libkind D, Brito PH, Silva M, Bellora N, Coelho MA, Heitman J, Gonçalves P, Sampaio JP. The Untapped Australasian Diversity of Astaxanthin-Producing Yeasts with Biotechnological Potential- Phaffia australis sp. nov. and Phaffia tasmanica sp. nov. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1651. [PMID: 33114402 PMCID: PMC7692969 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaffia is an orange-colored basidiomycetous yeast genus of the order Cystofilobasidiales that contains a single species, P. rhodozyma. This species is the only fungus known to produce the economically relevant carotenoid astaxanthin. Although Phaffia was originally found in the Northern hemisphere, its diversity in the southern part of the globe has been shown to be much greater. Here we analyze the genomes of two Australasian lineages that are markedly distinct from P. rhodozyma. The two divergent lineages were investigated within a comprehensive phylogenomic study of representatives of the Cystofilobasidiales that supported the recognition of two novel Phaffia species, for which we propose the names of P. australis sp. nov. and P. tasmanica sp. nov. Comparative genomics and other analyses confirmed that the two new species have the typical Phaffia hallmark-the six genes necessary for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin could be retrieved from the draft genome sequences, and this carotenoid was detected in culture extracts. In addition, the organization of the mating-type (MAT) loci is similar to that of P. rhodozyma, with synteny throughout most regions. Moreover, cases of trans-specific polymorphism involving pheromone receptor genes and pheromone precursor proteins in the three Phaffia species, together with their shared homothallism, provide additional support for their classification in a single genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia David-Palma
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.-P.); (P.H.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.C.); (P.G.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Diego Libkind
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC)—CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Rio Negro 8400, Argentina; (D.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Patrícia H. Brito
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.-P.); (P.H.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Margarida Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.-P.); (P.H.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Nicolás Bellora
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC)—CONICET/Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Rio Negro 8400, Argentina; (D.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Marco A. Coelho
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.-P.); (P.H.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.C.); (P.G.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.-P.); (P.H.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.C.); (P.G.)
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.-P.); (P.H.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.C.); (P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Red yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma) as a source of Astaxanthin and its impacts on productive performance and physiological responses of poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933919000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
7
|
Libkind D, Moliné M, Colabella F. Isolation and Selection of New Astaxanthin-Producing Strains of Phaffia rhodozyma. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1852:297-310. [PMID: 30109639 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8742-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment of high economic value for its use as a feeding component in aquaculture. Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) is a basidiomycetous fungi able to synthesize astaxanthin as its major carotenoid, the only known yeast species bearing the capability to produce this type of carotenoid and the only tremellomycetes with biotechnological application. Recently, the habitat and intraspecific variability of this species have been found to be wider than previously expected, encouraging the search for new wild strains with potential biotechnological applications. Here we describe effective procedures for isolation of P. rhodozyma from environmental samples, accurate identification of the strains, analysis of their astaxanthin content, and proper conservation of the isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática, Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, IPATEC, UNComahue-CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Martín Moliné
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática, Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, IPATEC, UNComahue-CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Fernando Colabella
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática, Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, IPATEC, UNComahue-CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Córdova P, Alcaíno J, Bravo N, Barahona S, Sepúlveda D, Fernández-Lobato M, Baeza M, Cifuentes V. Regulation of carotenogenesis in the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous: the role of the transcriptional co-repressor complex Cyc8-Tup1 involved in catabolic repression. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:193. [PMID: 27842591 PMCID: PMC5109733 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous produces carotenoids of commercial interest, including astaxanthin and β-carotene. Although carotenogenesis in this yeast and the expression profiles of the genes controlling this pathway are known, the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood. Several studies have demonstrated that glucose represses carotenogenesis in X. dendrorhous, suggesting that this pathway could be regulated by catabolic repression. Catabolic repression is a highly conserved regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes and has been widely studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glucose-dependent repression is mainly observed at the transcriptional level and depends on the DNA-binding regulator Mig1, which recruits the co-repressor complex Cyc8-Tup1, which then represses the expression of target genes. In this work, we studied the regulation of carotenogenesis by catabolic repression in X. dendrorhous, focusing on the role of the co-repressor complex Cyc8-Tup1. RESULTS The X. dendrorhous CYC8 and TUP1 genes were identified, and their functions were demonstrated by heterologous complementation in S. cerevisiae. In addition, cyc8 - and tup1 - mutant strains of X. dendrorhous were obtained, and both mutations were shown to prevent the glucose-dependent repression of carotenogenesis in X. dendrorhous, increasing the carotenoid production in both mutant strains. Furthermore, the effects of glucose on the transcript levels of genes involved in carotenogenesis differed between the mutant strains and wild-type X. dendrorhous, particularly for genes involved in the synthesis of carotenoid precursors, such as HMGR, idi and FPS. Additionally, transcriptomic analyses showed that cyc8 - and tup1 - mutations affected the expression of over 250 genes in X. dendrorhous. CONCLUSIONS The CYC8 and TUP1 genes are functional in X. dendrorhous, and their gene products are involved in catabolic repression and carotenogenesis regulation. This study presents the first report involving the participation of Cyc8 and Tup1 in carotenogenesis regulation in yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Córdova
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salvador Barahona
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dionisia Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Biología Molecular (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, calle Nicolás Cabrera No 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bellora N, Moliné M, David-Palma M, Coelho MA, Hittinger CT, Sampaio JP, Gonçalves P, Libkind D. Comparative genomics provides new insights into the diversity, physiology, and sexuality of the only industrially exploited tremellomycete: Phaffia rhodozyma. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:901. [PMID: 27829365 PMCID: PMC5103461 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The class Tremellomycete (Agaricomycotina) encompasses more than 380 fungi. Although there are a few edible Tremella spp., the only species with current biotechnological use is the astaxanthin-producing yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (Cystofilobasidiales). Besides astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment with potent antioxidant activity and great value for aquaculture and pharmaceutical industries, P. rhodozyma possesses multiple exceptional traits of fundamental and applied interest. The aim of this study was to obtain, and analyze two new genome sequences of representative strains from the northern (CBS 7918T, the type strain) and southern hemispheres (CRUB 1149) and compre them to a previously published genome sequence (strain CBS 6938). Photoprotection and antioxidant related genes, as well as genes involved in sexual reproduction were analyzed. RESULTS Both genomes had ca. 19 Mb and 6000 protein coding genes, similar to CBS 6938. Compared to other fungal genomes P. rhodozyma strains and other Cystofilobasidiales have the highest number of intron-containing genes and highest number of introns per gene. The Patagonian strain showed 4.4 % of nucleotide sequence divergence compared to the European strains which differed from each other by only 0.073 %. All known genes related to the synthesis of astaxanthin were annotated. A hitherto unknown gene cluster potentially responsible for photoprotection (mycosporines) was found in the newly sequenced P. rhodozyma strains but was absent in the non-mycosporinogenic strain CBS 6938. A broad battery of enzymes that act as scavengers of free radical oxygen species were detected, including catalases and superoxide dismutases (SODs). Additionally, genes involved in sexual reproduction were found and annotated. CONCLUSIONS A draft genome sequence of the type strain of P. rhodozyma is now available, and comparison with that of the Patagonian population suggests the latter deserves to be assigned to a distinct variety. An unexpected genetic trait regarding high occurrence of introns in P. rhodozyma and other Cystofilobasidiales was revealed. New genomic insights into fungal homothallism were also provided. The genetic basis of several additional photoprotective and antioxidant strategies were described, indicating that P. rhodozyma is one of the fungi most well-equipped to cope with environmental oxidative stress, a factor that has probably contributed to shaping its genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Bellora
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática de Levaduras, Instituto Andino-Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - UNComahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Martín Moliné
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática de Levaduras, Instituto Andino-Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - UNComahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Márcia David-Palma
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marco A Coelho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - José P Sampaio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Biotecnología y Bioinformática de Levaduras, Instituto Andino-Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - UNComahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Identification and analysis of metabolite production with biotechnological potential in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:517-26. [PMID: 25643668 PMCID: PMC4333312 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic microorganisms have developed different strategies to live in their environments, including modifications to their membrane components to regulate fluidity and the production of photoprotective metabolites such as carotenoids. Three yeast colonies (ANCH01, ANCH06 and ANCH08) were isolated from soil samples collected at King George Island, which according to their rDNA sequence analyses, were determined to be Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. This yeast is of biotechnological interest, because it can synthesize astaxanthin as its main carotenoid, which is a powerful antioxidant pigment used in aquaculture. Then, the aim of this work was to characterize the ANCH isolates at their molecular and phenotypic level. The isolates did not display any differences in their rDNA and COX1 gene nucleotide sequences. However, ANCH01 produces approximately sixfold more astaxanthin than other wild type strains. Moreover, even though ANCH06 and ANCH08 produce astaxanthin, their main carotenoid was β-carotene. In contrast to other X. dendrorhous strains, the ANCH isolates did not produce mycosporines. Finally, the ANCH isolates had a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids than other wild type strains. In conclusion, the reported X. dendrorhous isolates are phenotypically different from other wild type strains, including characteristics that could make them more resistant and better able to inhabit their original habitat, which may also have biotechnological potential.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tognetti C, Moliné M, van Broock M, Libkind D. Favored isolation and rapid identification of the astaxanthin-producing yeastXanthophyllomyces dendrorhous(Phaffia rhodozyma) from environmental samples. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:766-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Tognetti
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología; INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CONICET; Bariloche, Río Negro Argentina
| | - Martín Moliné
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología; INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CONICET; Bariloche, Río Negro Argentina
| | - María van Broock
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología; INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CONICET; Bariloche, Río Negro Argentina
| | - Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología; INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CONICET; Bariloche, Río Negro Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Libkind D, Moliné M, Tognetti C. Isolation and selection of new astaxanthin producing strains of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 898:183-94. [PMID: 22711126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-918-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment of high economic value for its use as a feeding component in aquaculture. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is a basidiomycetous fungi able to synthesize astaxanthin as its major carotenoid, and the only known yeast species bearing the capability to produce this type of carotenoid. Recently, the habitat and intraspecific variability of this species have been found to be wider than previously expected, encouraging the search for new wild strains with potential biotechnological applications. Here we describe effective procedures for isolation of X. dendrorhous from environmental samples, accurate identification of the strains, analysis of their astaxanthin content, and proper conservation of the isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología Bariloche, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad del COMAHUE), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baeza M, Bravo N, Sanhueza M, Flores O, Villarreal P, Cifuentes V. Molecular characterization of totiviruses in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Virol J 2012; 9:140. [PMID: 22838956 PMCID: PMC3561658 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occurrence of extrachromosomal dsRNA elements has been described in the red-yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, with numbers and sizes that are highly variable among strains with different geographical origin. The studies concerning to the encapsidation in viral-like particles and dsRNA-curing have suggested that some dsRNAs are helper viruses, while others are satellite viruses. However, the nucleotide sequences and functions of these dsRNAs are still unknown. In this work, the nucleotide sequences of four dsRNAs of the strain UCD 67–385 of X. dendrorhous were determined, and their identities and genome structures are proposed. Based on this molecular data, the dsRNAs of different strains of X. dendrorhous were analyzed. Results The complete sequences of L1, L2, S1 and S2 dsRNAs of X. dendrorhous UCD 67–385 were determined, finding two sequences for L1 dsRNA (L1A and L1B). Several ORFs were uncovered in both S1 and S2 dsRNAs, but no homologies were found for any of them when compared to the database. Instead, two ORFs were identified in each L1A, L1B and L2 dsRNAs, whose deduced amino acid sequences were homologous with a major capsid protein (5’-ORF) and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3’-ORF) belonging to the Totiviridae family. The genome structures of these dsRNAs are characteristic of Totiviruses, with two overlapped ORFs (the 3’-ORF in the −1 frame with respect to the 5’-ORF), with a slippery site and a pseudoknot in the overlapped regions. These structures are essential for the synthesis of the viral polymerase as a fusion protein with the viral capsid protein through −1 ribosomal frameshifting. In the RNase protection analysis, all the dsRNAs in the four analyzed X. dendrorhous strains were protected from enzymatic digestion. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that, similar to strain UCD 67–385, the L1A and L1B dsRNAs coexist in the strains VKM Y-2059, UCD 67–202 and VKM Y-2786. Furthermore, determinations of the relative amounts of L1 dsRNAs using two-step RT-qPCR revealed a 40-fold increment of the ratio L1A/L1B in the S2 dsRNA-cured strain compared to its parental strain. Conclusions Three totiviruses, named as XdV-L1A, XdV-L1B and XdV-L2, were identified in the strain UCD 67–385 of X. dendrorhous. The viruses XdV-L1A and XdV-L1B were also found in other three X. dendrorhous strains. Our results suggest that the smaller dsRNAs (named XdRm-S1 and XdRm-S2) of strain UCD 67–385 are satellite viruses, and particularly that XdRm-S2 is a satellite of XdV-L1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Najafi N, Ahmadi AR, Hosseini R, Golkhoo S. Gamma irradiation as a useful tool for the isolation of astaxanthin-overproducing mutant strains ofPhaffia rhodozyma. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:730-4. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Najafi
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Ahmadi
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseini
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Golkhoo
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez-Sáiz M, de la Fuente JL, Barredo JL. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous for the industrial production of astaxanthin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:645-58. [PMID: 20711573 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a red xanthophyll (oxygenated carotenoid) with large importance in the aquaculture, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the heterobasidiomycetous yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous are currently known as the main microorganisms useful for astaxanthin production at the industrial scale. The improvement of astaxanthin titer by microbial fermentation is a requirement to be competitive with the synthetic manufacture by chemical procedures, which at present is the major source in the market. In this review, we show how the isolation of new strains of X. dendrorhous from the environment, the selection of mutants by the classical methods of random mutation and screening, and the rational metabolic engineering, have provided improved strains with higher astaxanthin productivity. To reduce production costs and enhance competitiveness from an industrial point of view, low-cost raw materials from industrial and agricultural origin have been adopted to get the maximal astaxanthin productivity. Finally, fermentation parameters have been studied in depth, both at flask and fermenter scales, to get maximal astaxanthin titers of 4.7 mg/g dry cell matter (420 mg/l) when X. dendrorhous was fermented under continuous white light. The industrial scale-up of this biotechnological process will provide a cost-effective method, alternative to synthetic astaxanthin, for the commercial exploitation of the expensive astaxanthin (about $2,500 per kilogram of pure astaxanthin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Sáiz
- R&D Biology, Antibióticos S.A., Avenida de Antibióticos 59-61, 24009 León, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reduction of fatty acid flux results in enhancement of astaxanthin synthesis in a mutant strain of Phaffia rhodozyma. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:595-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Baeza M, Sanhueza M, Flores O, Oviedo V, Libkind D, Cifuentes V. Polymorphism of viral dsRNA in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strains isolated from different geographic areas. Virol J 2009; 6:160. [PMID: 19814805 PMCID: PMC2764699 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strains of the astaxanthin producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous have been isolated from different cold regions around the earth, and the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements was described in some isolates. This kind of viruses is widely distributed among yeasts and filamentous fungi and, although generally are cryptic in function, their studies have been a key factor in the knowledge of important fungi. In this work, the characterization and genetic relationships among dsRNA elements were determined in strains representatives of almost all regions of the earth where X. dendrorhous have been isolated. RESULTS Almost all strains of X. dendrorhous analyzed carry one, two or four dsRNA elements, of molecular sizes in the range from 0.8 to 5.0 kb. Different dsRNA-patterns were observed in strains with different geographic origin, being L1 (5.0 kb) the common dsRNA element. By hybridization assays a high genomic polymorphism was observed among L1 dsRNAs of different X. dendrorhous strains. Contrary, hybridization was observed between L1 and L2 dsRNAs of strains from same or different regions, while the dsRNA elements of minor sizes (M, S1, and S2) present in several strains did not show hybridization with neither L1 or L2 dsRNAs. Along the growth curve of UCD 67-385 (harboring four dsRNAs) an increase of L2 relative to L1 dsRNA was observed, while the S1/L1 ratio remains constant, as well as the M/L1 ratio of Patagonian strain. Strains cured of S2 dsRNA were obtained by treatment with anisomycin, and comparison of its dsRNA contents with uncured strain, revealed an increase of L1 dsRNA while the L2 and S1 dsRNA remain unaltered. CONCLUSION The dsRNA elements of X. dendrorhous are highly variable in size and sequence, and the dsRNA pattern is specific to the geographic region of isolation. Each L1 and L2 dsRNA are viral elements able to self replicate and to coexist into a cell, and L1 and S2 dsRNAs elements could be part of a helper/satellite virus system in X. dendrorhous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Baeza
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oriana Flores
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Oviedo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología. Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|