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Azimi Y, Thompson IP. Phosphorus Depletion as a Green Alternative to Biocides for Controlling Biodegradation of Metalworking Fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5695-5702. [PMID: 28426217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are used as lubricants and coolants in the manufacturing operations. Their biodeterioration, while in operation, is a widespread problem leading to poor performance and worker health issues. Adding biocides, though effective in reducing microbial growth, leads to the production of more recalcitrant wastewaters that are difficult to dispose or recycle on-site. Increasing environmental concerns have led to robust legislation for reducing/eliminating the use of toxic biocides in MWFs, stimulating a growing interest in the development/application of alternative biological preservation strategies. In this study, inducing nutrient imbalance was investigated for controlling microbial growth in MWFs. Phosphorus was immobilized employing insoluble La2O3 to form LaPO4. Concentrations of La2O3 greater than 0.08%w (%w = weight percent) completely inhibited microbial growth (from 1.4 × 107 to 0 CFU/mL) and hindered biodegradation. Raman spectroscopy suggested that La2O3 converted intracellular phosphorus into LaPO4. The growth inhibition potentials of both 0.06%w La(NO3)3 and La2O3 were found to be superior to formaldehyde. The antimicrobial property of La2O3 (i.e., inhibition) was tenable by adding sufficient phosphate, acting as an on/off switch for controlling microbial growth in MWFs. This technology offers the potential to reduce/eliminate the use of biocides in MWFs, improves the feasibility of end-of-life biological treatment, and closes the water loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaldah Azimi
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Thompson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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Roosa S, Wauven CV, Billon G, Matthijs S, Wattiez R, Gillan DC. The Pseudomonas community in metal-contaminated sediments as revealed by quantitative PCR: a link with metal bioavailability. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:647-56. [PMID: 25102022 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas bacteria are ubiquitous Gram-negative and aerobic microorganisms that are known to harbor metal resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps and intracellular redox enzymes. Specific Pseudomonas bacteria have been quantified in some metal-contaminated environments, but the entire Pseudomonas population has been poorly investigated under these conditions, and the link with metal bioavailability was not previously examined. In the present study, quantitative PCR and cell cultivation were used to monitor and characterize the Pseudomonas population at 4 different sediment sites contaminated with various levels of metals. At the same time, total metals and metal bioavailability (as estimated using an HCl 1 m extraction) were measured. It was found that the total level of Pseudomonas, as determined by qPCR using two different genes (oprI and the 16S rRNA gene), was positively and significantly correlated with total and HCl-extractable Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn, with high correlation coefficients (>0.8). Metal-contaminated sediments featured isolates of the Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas lutea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa groups, with other bacterial genera such as Mycobacterium, Klebsiella and Methylobacterium. It is concluded that Pseudomonas bacteria do proliferate in metal-contaminated sediments, but are still part of a complex community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Roosa
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Corinne Vander Wauven
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques JMW, 1 Av. E. Gryzon, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Gabriel Billon
- Géosystèmes Lab, UFR de Chimie, Lille-1 University, Sciences and Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sandra Matthijs
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques JMW, 1 Av. E. Gryzon, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - David C Gillan
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, Université de Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Rodriguez-Verde I, Regueiro L, Pena R, Álvarez JA, Lema JM, Carballa M. Feasibility of spent metalworking fluids as co-substrate for anaerobic co-digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:281-288. [PMID: 24457301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, anaerobic co-digestion of spent metalworking fluids (SMWF) and pig manure (PM) was evaluated. Three SMWF:PM ratios were tested in order to find the highest process efficiency. The best results (COD removal efficiencies of 74%) were achieved co-digesting a mixture with a SMWF:PM ratio of 1:99, w/w(1) (corresponding to 3.75mL SMWF/Lreactor week), which indicates that SMWF did not affect negatively PM degradation. Furthermore, two different weekly SMWF pulse-frequencies were performed (one reactor received 1 pulse of 3.75mL/Lreactor and the other 3 pulses of 1.25mL/Lreactor) and no differences in COD removal efficiency were observed. Microbiology analysis confirmed that Pseudomonas was the predominant genus when treating anaerobically SMWF and the presence of a higher fraction of Archaea was indicative of good digester performance. This study confirms the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion as an appropriate technology for treating and valorising SMWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rodriguez-Verde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E- 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Leticia Regueiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E- 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rocio Pena
- AIMEN Technological Centre, C/Relva, 27A - Torneiros, E-36410, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Juan A Álvarez
- AIMEN Technological Centre, C/Relva, 27A - Torneiros, E-36410, Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Juan M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E- 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Marta Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, E- 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Saha R, Saha N, Donofrio RS, Bestervelt LL. Microbial siderophores: a mini review. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:303-17. [PMID: 22733623 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron is one of the major limiting factors and essential nutrients of microbial life. Since in nature it is not readily available in the preferred form, microorganisms produce small high affinity chelating molecules called siderophores for its acquisition. Microorganisms produce a wide variety of siderophores controlled at the molecular level by different genes to accumulate, mobilize and transport iron for metabolism. Siderophores also play a critical role in the expression of virulence and development of biofilms by different microbes. Apart from maintaining microbial life, siderophores can be harnessed for the sustainability of human, animals and plants. With the advent of modern molecular tools, a major breakthrough is taking place in the understanding of the multifaceted role of siderophores in nature. This mini review is intended to provide a general overview on siderophore along with its role and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, NSF International, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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The microbiology of metalworking fluids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1119-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Saha R, Bestervelt LL, Donofrio RS. Development and validation of a real-time TaqMan assay for the detection and enumeration of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525 used as a challenge organism in testing of food equipments. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M150-5. [PMID: 22250861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525 is used as the challenge organism to evaluate the efficacy of the clean-in-place (CIP) process of food equipment (automatic ice-maker) as per NSF/ANSI Standard 12. Traditional culturing methodology is presently used to determine the concentration of the challenge organism, which takes 48 h to confirm the cell density. Storage of the challenge preparation in the refrigerator might alter the cell density as P. fluorescens is capable of growing at 4 °C. Also, background organism can grow on the Pseudomonas F agar (PFA) used for the recovery of P. fluorescens thus affecting the results of the test. Real-time TaqMan assay targeting the cpn60 gene was developed for the enumeration and the identification of P. fluorescens because of its specificity, accuracy, and shorter turnaround time. The TaqMan primer-probe pair developed using the Allele ID® 7.0 probe design software was highly specific and sensitive for the target organism. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The assay was also successful in determining the concentration of the challenge preparation within 2 h. Based on these observations, TaqMan assay targeting the cpn60 gene can be efficiently used for strain level identification and enumeration of bacteria. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525 is used as a challenge organism in the efficacy testing of clean-in-place process of food equipments. Currently, culturing technique is used for its identification and estimation, which is not only time-consuming but also prone to error. Real-time TaqMan assay is more specific, sensitive, and accurate along with a shorter turnaround time compared to culturing techniques, thereby increasing the overall quality of the testing methodology to evaluate the clean-in-place process critical for the food industry to protect public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Saha
- Dept of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, NSF Intl, 789 N Dixboro Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Moscoso F, Deive FJ, Villar P, Pena R, Herrero L, Longo MA, Sanromán MA. Assessment of a process to degrade metal working fluids using Pseudomonas stutzeri CECT 930 and indigenous microbial consortia. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:420-426. [PMID: 22055314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of a novel biological process to treat metal working fluids (MWFs)-containing effluents at bioreactor scale was pursued in this work. The bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri CECT 930 was investigated for the first time as an alternative agent for MWF degradation. An adequate medium design and mixing and aeration system, as well as an appropriate microorganism proved to be crucial for reaching high levels of degradation by P. stutzeri and by an indigenous consortium (about 70% and 50% of reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon content in less than 2 wk, respectively). Additionally, as there is no information in literature trying to kinetically characterize an MWF-polluted effluent degradation process, all the experimental data were fitted to logistic and Luedeking and Piret models, that allowed to elucidate the growth-associated character of the biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moscoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering. University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Factors influencing the microbial composition of metalworking fluids and potential implications for machine operator's lung. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 78:34-41. [PMID: 22057869 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06230-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as "machine operator's lung" (MOL), has been related to microorganisms growing in metalworking fluids (MWFs), especially Mycobacterium immunogenum. We aimed to (i) describe the microbiological contamination of MWFs and (ii) look for chemical, physical, and environmental parameters associated with variations in microbiological profiles. We microbiologically analyzed 180 MWF samples from nonautomotive plants (e.g., screw-machining or metal-cutting plants) in the Franche-Comté region in eastern France and 165 samples from three French automotive plants in which cases of MOL had been proven. Our results revealed two types of microbial biomes: the first was from the nonautomotive industry, showed predominantly Gram-negative rods (GNR), and was associated with a low risk of MOL, and the second came from the automotive industry that was affected by cases of MOL and showed predominantly Gram-positive rods (GPR). Traces of M. immunogenum were sporadically detected in the first type, while it was highly prevalent in the automotive sector, with up to 38% of samples testing positive. The use of chromium, nickel, or iron was associated with growth of Gram-negative rods; conversely, growth of Gram-positive rods was associated with the absence of these metals. Synthetic MWFs were more frequently sterile than emulsions. Vegetable oil-based emulsions were associated with GNR, while mineral ones were associated with GPR. Our results suggest that metal types and the nature of MWF play a part in MWF contamination, and this work shall be followed by further in vitro simulation experiments on the kinetics of microbial populations, focusing on the phenomena of inhibition and synergy.
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Saha R, Donofrio RS, Goeres DM, Bagley ST. Rapid detection of rRNA group I pseudomonads in contaminated metalworking fluids and biofilm formation by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:799-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saha R, Bechanko R, Bestervelt LL, Donofrio RS. Evaluation of molecular techniques for identification and enumeration of Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 in water purifier efficacy testing. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1337-44. [PMID: 21132347 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257, a representative of the coliform group, is commonly used as a challenge organism in water purifier efficacy testing. In addition to being time consuming, traditional culturing techniques and metabolic identification systems (including automated systems) also fail to accurately differentiate this organism from its closely related neighbors belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae group. Molecular-based techniques, such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting, are preferred methods of detection because of their accuracy, reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, along with shorter turnaround time. ERIC-PCR performed with the 1R primer set demonstrated stable unique banding patterns (~800, ~300 bp) for R. terrigena ATCC 33257 different from patterns observed for R. planticola and R. ornithinolytica. The primer pair developed from gyraseA (gyrA) sequence of R. terrigena for the SYBR Green qPCR assay using the AlleleID(®) 7.0 primer probe design software was highly specific and sensitive for the target organism. The sensitivity of the assay was 10(1) colony forming units (CFU)/ml for whole cells and 4.7 fg with genomic DNA. The primer pair was successful in determining the concentration (5.5 ± 0.3 × 10(6) CFU/ml) of R. terrigena from water samples spiked with equal concentration of Escherichia coli and R. terrigena. Based on these results from the ERIC-PCR and the SYBR Green qPCR assay, these molecular techniques can be efficiently used for rapid identification and quantification of R. terrigena during water purifier testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Saha
- NSF International, Microbiology Division, 789 Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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