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Microwave Radiation Influence on Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion in a Multi-Section Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (M-SHAR). Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey is a primary by-product of dairy plants, and one that is often difficult to manage. As whey processing units are costly and complicated, only 15–20% of whey is recycled for use in the food industry. The difficulties in managing waste whey are particularly pronounced for small, local dairy plants. One possible solution to this problem is to use advanced and efficient digesters. The aim of this study was to present an innovative multi-section hybrid anaerobic bioreactor (M-SHAR) design and to identify how microwave radiation heating (MRH) affects methane fermentation of liquid dairy waste (LDW) primarily composed of acid whey. The MRH reactor was found to perform better in terms of COD removal and biogas production compared with the convection-heated reactor. The heating method had a significant differentiating effect at higher organic load rates (OLRs). With OLRs ranging from 15 to 25 kgCOD∙m−3∙d−1, the M-SHAR with MRH ensured a 5% higher COD removal efficiency and 12–20% higher biogas yields.
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Influence of the Heating Method on the Efficiency of Biomethane Production from Expired Food Products. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of heating with microwave electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the efficiency of the methane fermentation (MF) of expired food products (EFP). The research was inspired by the positive effect of EMR on the production of biogas and methane from different organic substrates. The experiment was carried out on a laboratory scale in fully mixed, semi-continuous anaerobic reactors. The technological conditions were as follows: temperature, 35 ± 1 °C; organic load rate (OLR), 2.0 kgVS·m−3∙d−1; and hydraulic retention time (HRT), 40 days. The source of the EMR was a magnetron (electric power, 300 W). There was no statistically significant influence of the use of EMR on the achieved technological effects of MF. The efficiency of biogas production was 710 ± 35 dm3·kgVS−1 in the variant with EMR and 679 ± 26 dm3·kgVS−1 in the variant with convection heating (CH). The methane contents were 63.5 ± 2.4% (EMR) and 62.4 ± 4.0% (CH), and the cumulative methane production after 40 days was 271.2 and 288.6 dm3CH4, respectively.
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Xue C, Mao Y, Wang W, Song Z, Zhao X, Sun J, Wang Y. Current status of applying microwave-associated catalysis for the degradation of organics in aqueous phase - A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:119-135. [PMID: 30975315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between microwaves and certain catalysts can lead to efficient, energy-directed convergence of a relatively dispersed microwave field onto the reactive sites of the catalyst, which produces thermal or discharge effects around the catalyst. These interactions form "high-energy sites" (HeS) that promote energy efficient utilization and enhanced in situ degradation of organic pollutants. This article focuses on the processes occurring between microwaves and absorbing catalysts, and presents a critical review of microwave-absorbing mechanisms. This article also discusses aqueous phase applications of relevant catalysts (iron-based, carbon-based, soft magnetic, rare earth, and other types) and microwaves, special effects caused by the dimensions and structures of catalytic materials, and the optimization and design of relevant reactors for microwave-assisted catalysis of wastewater. The results of this study demonstrate that microwave-assisted catalysis can effectively enhance the degradation rate of organic compounds in an aqueous phase and has potential applications to a variety of engineering fields such as microwave-assisted pyrolysis, pollutant removal, material synthesis, and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhanlong Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiqiang Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Krivobok AS, Berkovich YA, Shcherbakova VA, Chuvilskaya NA. Developing a technique to enhance durability of fibrous ion-exchange resin substrate for space greenhouses. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 16:1-7. [PMID: 29475514 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One way to cut consumables for space plant growth facilities (PGF) with artificial soil in the form of fibrous ion-exchange resin substrate (FIERS) is on-board regeneration of the used medium. After crop harvest the procedure includes removal of the roots from the fibrous media with preservation of the exchanger properties and capillary structure. One type of FIERS, namely BIONA-V3ۛ, has been used in Russian prototypes of space conveyors. We describe a two-stage treatment of BIONA-V3ۛ including primary microwave heating of the used FIERS until (90 ± 5) °C in alkali-peroxide solution during 3.5 hrs. The second stage of the treatment is decomposition of root vestiges inside pores of BIONA-V3ۛ by using thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic bacteria Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium cellulolyticum and Cellulosilyticum lentocellum during 7-10 days at 55 °C. The two-stage procedure allows extraction of 90% dead roots from the FIERS' pores and the preservation of root zone hydro-physical properties. A posterior enrichment of the FIERS by minerals makes BIONA- V3ۛ reusable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Krivobok
- State Scientific Center - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu A Berkovich
- State Scientific Center - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V A Shcherbakova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - N A Chuvilskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Zieliński M, Dębowski M, Rusanowska P. Influence of microwave heating on biogas production from Sida hermaphrodita silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1290-1293. [PMID: 28919477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects on biogas production of suspended sludge versus a combination of suspended sludge and immobilized biomass, and microwave versus convection heating. Biogas production was the highest in the hybrid bioreactor heated by microwaves (385L/kg VS) and also the most stable, as shown by the FOS/TAC ratio and pH. Regardless of the type of heating, biogas production was 8% higher with immobilized biomass than without. Although the lag phase of biogas production was shorter with microwave heating than without, the log phase was longer, and biogas production in the microwave heated bioreactors took about twice as long (ca. 40days) to plateau as in the conventionally heated bioreactors. These differences in the profile of biogas production are likely due to the athermal effects of microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zieliński
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marcin Dębowski
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Environment Engineering, Warszawska 117, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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Bastiaens B, Van den Broeck R, Appels L, Dewil R. Evaluation of the effects of low energetic microwave irradiation on anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 202:69-83. [PMID: 28728003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of microwave irradiation on the performance of anaerobic digestion processes. A first set of experiments is performed to distinguish the upper limit of the applied energy levels. Secondly, the effects of these treatments on the performance of the digestion process are evaluated in 3 experimental setups: (i) monitoring the acetic acid degradation, (ii) performing a biological methane potential (BMP) assay and (iii) conducting a specific methanogenic activity (SMA) test. The solubilisation experiment reveals a limited degree of disintegration of anaerobic biomass up to a microwave treatment of 10000 kJ/kg TS. Above this threshold value the soluble COD level started to rise, with up to 350% at 30000 kJ/kg TS regardless of the microwave output power. Because solubilisation of the biomass increases the easily degradable content, this would lead to false observations regarding increased activity. Therefore, solubilisation is minimized by limiting the microwave treatment to a maximum of 6000 kJ/kg TS during the second part of the experiments. Monitoring the degradation of acetic acid after a low intensity microwave treatment, reveals that microwave irradiation shortens the lag phase, e.g., from 21 to 3 h after a microwave treatment of 1000 kJ/kg TS at 100 W. However most treatments also result in a decrease of the maximum degradation and of the degradation rate of acetic acid. BMP assays are performed to evaluate the activity and performance of the entire anaerobic community. Every treatment results in a decreased biogas production potential and decreased biogas production rate. Moreover, each treatment induced an increase of the lag phase. The SMA experiments show no influence of the microwave irradiation in terms of biogas or methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Bastiaens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Rob Van den Broeck
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Raf Dewil
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
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Zieliñski M, Dêbowski M, Krzemieniewski M, Brudniak A, Kisielewska M. Possibility of improving technological effectiveness of dairy wastewater treatment through application of active fillings and microwave radiation. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x16060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zieliński M, Dębowski M. The Possibility of Hybrid-Bioreactor Heating by the Microwave Radiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The hybrid bioreactor heated by microwave or conventional by hot water jacket is presented. The reactor consisted of two functional sections. The upper section was constituted by an unsinkable anaerobic biological bed, whereas the bottom section – by suspended anaerobic activated sludge. Both sections were closed in one casing. The study was conducted in mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. Depending on the method of heating, the homogeneity of the temperature field in both functional parts of the reactor was determined. In mesophilic conditions only at measurement points located directly under the wave-guide the temperatures were significantly higher than in the other zones inside the reactor. This implies that it is possible to homogenous heat of the bioreactor in semi-technical scale by microwave irradiation. Under thermophilic conditions a homogenous field of temperature was obtained in the upper and in the bottom section of the bioreactor, however, significant differences were found in values of the temperature between the particular sections of the bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zieliński
- Department of Environment Engineering , University of Warmia and Mazury , Warszawska 117, 10–720 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Marcin Dębowski
- Department of Environment Engineering , University of Warmia and Mazury , Warszawska 117, 10–720 Olsztyn , Poland
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Karadag D, Koroglu OE, Ozkaya B, Cakmakci M, Heaven S, Banks C, Serna-Maza A. Anaerobic granular reactors for the treatment of dairy wastewater: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Karadag
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment; University of Southampton; Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Oguz Emre Koroglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bestami Ozkaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cakmakci
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sonia Heaven
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment; University of Southampton; Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Charles Banks
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment; University of Southampton; Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Alba Serna-Maza
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment; University of Southampton; Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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Zielińska M, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Zieliński M, Dębowski M. Impact of temperature, microwave radiation and organic loading rate on methanogenic community and biogas production during fermentation of dairy wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:308-314. [PMID: 23262005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed dairy wastewater fermentation in convection- and microwave-heated hybrid reactors at loadings of 1 and 2 kg COD/(m3 d) and temperatures of 35 and 55 °C. The biomass was investigated at a molecular level to determine the links between the operational parameters of anaerobic digestion and methanogenic Archaea structure. The highest production of biogas with methane content of ca. 67% was noted in the mesophilic microwave-heated reactors. The production of methane-rich biogas and the overall diversity of Archaea was determined by Methanosarcinaceae presence. The temperature and the application of microwaves were the main factors explaining the variations in the methanogen community. At 35 °C, the microwave heating stimulated the growth of highly diverse methanogen assemblages, promoting Methanosarcina barkeri presence and excluding Methanosarcina harudinacea from the biomass. A temperature increase to 55 °C lowered Methanosarcinaceae abundance and induced a replacement of Methanoculleus palmolei by Methanosarcina thermophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
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