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Kim SK, Lee M, Lee YQ, Lee HJ, Rho M, Kim Y, Seo JY, Youn SH, Hwang SJ, Kang NG, Lee CH, Park SY, Lee DY. Genome-scale metabolic modeling and in silico analysis of opportunistic skin pathogen Cutibacterium acnes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1099314. [PMID: 37520435 PMCID: PMC10374032 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1099314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes, one of the most abundant skin microbes found in the sebaceous gland, is known to contribute to the development of acne vulgaris when its strains become imbalanced. The current limitations of acne treatment using antibiotics have caused an urgent need to develop a systematic strategy for selectively targeting C. acnes, which can be achieved by characterizing their cellular behaviors under various skin environments. To this end, we developed a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of virulent C. acnes, iCA843, based on the genome information of a relevant strain from ribotype 5 to comprehensively understand the pathogenic traits of C. acnes in the skin environment. We validated the model qualitatively by demonstrating its accuracy prediction of propionate and acetate production patterns, which were consistent with experimental observations. Additionally, we identified unique biosynthetic pathways for short-chain fatty acids in C. acnes compared to other GEMs of acne-inducing skin pathogens. By conducting constraint-based flux analysis under endogenous carbon sources in human skin, we discovered that the Wood-Werkman cycle is highly activated under acnes-associated skin condition for the regeneration of NAD, resulting in enhanced propionate production. Finally, we proposed potential anti-C. acnes targets by using the model-guided systematic framework based on gene essentiality analysis and protein sequence similarity search with abundant skin microbiome taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minouk Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Qing Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Rho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwan Kim
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Seo
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Youn
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Hwang
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Gyu Kang
- R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Baur T, Wentzel A, Dürre P. Production of propionate using metabolically engineered strains of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7547-7562. [PMID: 36282302 PMCID: PMC9666320 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The carboxylic acid propionate is a valuable platform chemical with applications in various fields. The biological production of this acid has become of great interest as it can be considered a sustainable alternative to petrochemical synthesis. In this work, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum was metabolically engineered to produce propionate via the acrylate pathway. In total, the established synthetic pathway comprised eight genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to propionate. These included the propionate CoA-transferase, the lactoyl-CoA dehydratase, and the acryloyl-CoA reductase from Anaerotignum neopropionicum as well as a D-lactate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. Due to difficulties in assembling all genes on one plasmid under the control of standard promoters, the PtcdB-tcdR promoter system from Clostridium difficile was integrated into a two-plasmid system carrying the acrylate pathway genes. Several promoters were analyzed for their activity in C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum using the fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag (FAST) as a fluorescent reporter to identify suitable candidates to drive tcdR expression. After selecting the lactose-inducible PbgaL promoter, engineered C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum strains produced 0.7 mM propionate upon induction of gene expression. The low productivity was suspected to be a consequence of a metabolic imbalance leading to acryloyl-CoA accumulation in the cells. To even out the proposed imbalance, the propionate-synthesis operons were rearranged, thereby increasing the propionate concentration by almost four-fold. This study is the first one to report recombinant propionate production using a clostridial host strain that has opened a new path towards bio-based propionate to be improved further in subsequent work. Key points • Determination of promoter activities in C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum using FAST. • Implementation of propionate production in C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum. • Elevation of propionate production by 375% to a concentration of 3 mM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12210-8.
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Kolotylo V, Kieliszek M. Use of apple pomace, glycerine, and potato wastewater for the production of propionic acid and vitamin B12. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5433-5448. [PMID: 35879434 PMCID: PMC9418287 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) are a source of valuable metabolites, including propionic acid and vitamin B12. Propionic acid, a food preservative, is synthesized from petroleum refining by-products, giving rise to ecological concerns. Due to changing food trends, the demand for vitamin B12 has been expected to increase in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new, alternative methods of obtaining these compounds. This study was conducted with an aim of optimizing the production of PAB metabolites using only residues (apple pomace, waste glycerine, and potato wastewater), without any enzymatic or chemical pretreatment and enrichment. Media consisting of one, two, or three industrial side-streams were used for the production of PAB metabolites. The highest production of propionic acid was observed in the medium containing all three residues (8.15 g/L, yield: 0.48 g/g). In the same medium, the highest production of acetic acid was found — 2.31 g/L (0.13 g/g). The presence of waste glycerine in the media had a positive effect on the efficiency of propionic acid production and P/A ratio. The concentration of vitamin B12 obtained in the wet biomass of Propionibacterium freudenreichii DSM 20271 ranged from 90 to 290 µg/100 g. The highest production of cobalamin was achieved in potato wastewater and apple pomace, which may be a source of the precursors of vitamin B12 — cobalt and riboflavin. The results obtained show both propionic acid and vitamin B12 can be produced in a more sustainable manner through the fermentation of residues which are often not properly managed. Key points • The tested strain has been showed metabolic activity in the analyzed industrial side-streams (apple pomace, waste glycerine, potato wastewater). • All the side-streams were relevant for the production of propinic acid. • The addition of waste glycerine increases the propionic acid production efficiency and P/A ratio. • B12 was produced the most in the media containing potato wastewater and apple pomace as dominant ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vitaliy Kolotylo
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Yu FL, Liu MX, Yuan B, Xie CX, Yu ST. Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids Using Lacunary Polyoxometalates Catalysts and Hydrogen Peroxide. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Collograi KC, da Costa AC, Ienczak JL. Fermentation strategies to improve propionic acid production with propionibacterium ssp.: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 42:1157-1179. [PMID: 35264026 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1995695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid (PA) is a carboxylic acid applied in a variety of processes, such as food and feed preservative, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of polymers, pesticides and drugs. PA production is predominantly performed by petrochemical routes, but environmental issues are making it necessary to use sustainable processes based on renewable materials. PA production by fermentation with the Propionibacterium genus is a promising option in this scenario, due to the ability of this genus to consume a variety of renewable carbon sources with higher productivity than other native microorganisms. However, Propionibacterium fermentation processes present important challenges that must be faced to make this route competitive, such as: a high fermentation time, product inhibition and low PA final titer, which increase the cost of product recovery. This article summarizes the state of the art regarding strategies to improve PA production by fermentation with the Propionibacterium genus. Firstly, strategies associated with environmental fermentation conditions and nutrition requirements are discussed. Subsequently, advantages and disadvantages of various strategies proposed to improve process performance (high cell concentration by immobilization or recycle, co-culture fermentation, genome shuffling, evolutive and metabolic engineering, and in situ recovery) are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaciane Lutz Ienczak
- Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Department- Santa Catarina, Federal University, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Biosynthesis of propionic acid using whey and calcium carbonate by mixed culture of Propionibacterium freundenreichii ATCC 6207 and Lactobacillus paracasei. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fermentative production of propionic acid: prospects and limitations of microorganisms and substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6199-6213. [PMID: 34410439 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical routes. Increasing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and a growing consumer preference for bio-based products have led to interest in fermentative production of propionic acid, but it is not yet competitive with chemical production. To improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of bio-propionic acid, fermentation performance in terms of concentration, yield, and productivity must be improved and the cost of raw materials must be reduced. These goals require robust microbial producers and inexpensive renewable feedstocks, so the present review focuses on bacterial producers of propionic acid and promising sources of substrates as carbon sources. Emphasis is placed on assessing the capacity of propionibacteria and the various approaches pursued in an effort to improve their performance through metabolic engineering. A wide range of substrates employed in propionic acid fermentation is analyzed with particular interest in the prospects of inexpensive renewable feedstocks, such as cellulosic biomass and industrial residues, to produce cost-competitive bio-propionic acid. KEY POINTS: • Fermentative propionic acid production emerges as competitor to chemical synthesis. • Various bacteria synthesize propionic acid, but propionibacteria are the best producers. • Biomass substrates hold promise to reduce propionic acid fermentation cost.
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Liu M, Yu F, Yuan B, Xie C, Yu S. Oxidation of 1-propanol to propionic acid with hydrogen peroxide catalysed by heteropolyoxometalates. BMC Chem 2021; 15:23. [PMID: 33794972 PMCID: PMC8017713 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propionic acid as a very valuable chemical is in high demand, and it is industrially produced via the oxo-synthesis of ethylene or ethyl alcohol and via the oxidation of propionaldehyde with oxygen. It is urgent to discover a new preparation method for propionic acid via a green route. Recyclable amino-acid-based organic-inorganic heteropolyoxometalates were first used to high-efficiently catalyse the selective oxidation of 1-propanol to propionic acid with H2O2 as an oxidant. RESULT A series of amino-acid-based heteropoly catalysts using different types of amino acids and heteropoly acids were synthesized, and the experimental results showed proline-based heteropolyphosphatotungstate (ProH)3[PW12O40] exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the selective catalytic oxidation of 1-propanol to propionic acid owing to its high capacity as an oxygen transfer agent and suitable acidity. Under optimized reaction conditions, the conversion of 1-propanol and the selectivity of propionic acid reached 88% and 75%, respectively. Over four cycles, the conversion remained at >80%, and the selectivity was >60%. (ProH)3[PW12O40] was also used to catalyse the oxidations of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and benzyl alcohol. All the reactions had high conversions, with the corresponding acids being the primary oxidation product. CONCLUSIONS Proline-based heteropolyoxometalate (ProH)3[PW12O40] has been successfully used to catalyse the selective oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding carboxylic acids with H2O2 as the oxidant. The new developed catalytic oxidation system is mild, high-efficient, and reliable. This study provides a potential green route for the preparation propionic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Fengli Yu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Congxia Xie
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Shitao Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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Piwowarek K, Lipińska E, Hać-Szymańczuk E, Pobiega K. Propionic acid production from apple pomace in bioreactor using Propionibacterium freudenreichii: an economic analysis of the process. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:60. [PMID: 33489679 PMCID: PMC7801545 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid and its salts are widely used as food and feed preservative. Currently, these compounds are chemically produced, which is more profitable compared to biotechnological production using bacteria of the Propionibacterium genus. Appropriate steps can enable reducing the production costs; for example, cheap industrial byproducts can be used as culture media. One such cost-effective raw material is apple pomace, a low-value byproduct from the food industry. It contains sugars such as glucose and fructose which can serve as potential carbon sources for microorganisms. This paper discusses the possibility of using apple pomace in the production of propionic acid and presents an economic analysis of the production process. The tested strain produced 8.01 g/L of propionic acid (yield 0.40 g/g) and 2.29 g/L of acetic acid (yield 0.11 g/g) from apple pomace extract. The economic analysis showed that the production of 1 kg of propionic acid (considering only waste) from 1000 kg of apple pomace would cost approximately 1.25 USD. The manufacturing cost (consumables, including feedstock, labor, and utilities) would be approximately 2.35 USD/kg, and the total cost including taxes would be approximately 3.05 USD/kg. From the economic point of view, it is necessary to improve the production of propionic acid from apple pomace, to increase the yield of fermentation and thus decrease the total production costs. This can be achieved, for example, using industrial byproducts as nitrogen and vitamin sources, instead of high-cost substrates such as yeast extract or peptone. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02582-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Lipińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Hać-Szymańczuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pobiega
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Propionic acid production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii using sweet sorghum bagasse hydrolysate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9619-9629. [PMID: 33047167 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Propionic acid, a widely used food preservative and intermediate in the manufacture of various chemicals, is currently produced from petroleum-based chemicals, raising concerns about its long-term sustainability. A key way to make propionic acid more sustainable is through fermentation of low-cost renewable and inedible sugar sources, such as lignocellulosic biomass. To this end, we utilized the cellulosic hydrolysate of sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), a residue from a promising biomass source that can be cultivated around the world, for fermentative propionic acid production using Propionibacterium freudenreichii. In serum bottles, SSB hydrolysate supported a higher propionic acid yield than glucose (0.51 vs. 0.44 g/g, respectively), which can be attributed to the presence of additional nutrients in the hydrolysate enhancing propionic acid biosynthesis and the pH buffering capacity of the hydrolysate. Additionally, SSB hydrolysate supported better cell growth kinetics and higher tolerance to product inhibition by P. freudenreichii. The yield was further improved by co-fermenting glycerol, a renewable byproduct of the biodiesel industry, reaching up to 0.59 g/g, whereas volumetric productivity was enhanced by running the fermentation with high cell density inoculum. In the bioreactor, although the yield was slightly lower than in serum bottles (0.45 g/g), higher final concentration and overall productivity of propionic acid were achieved. Compared to glucose (this study) and hydrolysates from other biomass species (literature), use of SSB hydrolysate as a renewable glucose source resulted in comparable or even higher propionic acid yields. KEY POINTS: • Propionic acid yield and cell growth were higher in SSB hydrolysate than glucose. • The yield was enhanced by co-fermenting SSB hydrolysate and glycerol. • The productivity was enhanced under high cell density fermentation conditions. • SSB hydrolysate is equivalent or superior to other reported hydrolysates.
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A Pan-Genome Guided Metabolic Network Reconstruction of Five Propionibacterium Species Reveals Extensive Metabolic Diversity. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101115. [PMID: 32977700 PMCID: PMC7650540 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacteria have been studied extensively since the early 1930s due to their relevance to industry and importance as human pathogens. Still, their unique metabolism is far from fully understood. This is partly due to their signature high GC content, which has previously hampered the acquisition of quality sequence data, the accurate annotation of the available genomes, and the functional characterization of genes. The recent completion of the genome sequences for several species has led researchers to reassess the taxonomical classification of the genus Propionibacterium, which has been divided into several new genres. Such data also enable a comparative genomic approach to annotation and provide a new opportunity to revisit our understanding of their metabolism. Using pan-genome analysis combined with the reconstruction of the first high-quality Propionibacterium genome-scale metabolic model and a pan-metabolic model of current and former members of the genus Propionibacterium, we demonstrate that despite sharing unique metabolic traits, these organisms have an unexpected diversity in central carbon metabolism and a hidden layer of metabolic complexity. This combined approach gave us new insights into the evolution of Propionibacterium metabolism and led us to propose a novel, putative ferredoxin-linked energy conservation strategy. The pan-genomic approach highlighted key differences in Propionibacterium metabolism that reflect adaptation to their environment. Results were mathematically captured in genome-scale metabolic reconstructions that can be used to further explore metabolism using metabolic modeling techniques. Overall, the data provide a platform to explore Propionibacterium metabolism and a tool for the rational design of strains.
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Castro PGM, Maeda RN, Rocha VAL, Fernandes RP, Pereira N. Improving propionic acid production from a hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sorghum bagasse by means of cell immobilization and sequential batch operation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1120-1127. [PMID: 32942342 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid (PA) is an important organic compound with extensive application in different industrial sectors and is currently produced by petrochemical processes. The production of PA by large-scale fermentation processes presents a bottleneck, particularly due to low volumetric productivity. In this context, the present work aimed to produce PA by a biochemical route from a hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sorghum bagasse using the strain Propionibacterium acidipropionici CIP 53164. Conditions were optimized to increase volumetric productivity and process efficiency. Initially, in simple batch fermentation, a final concentration of PA of 17.5 g⋅L-1 was obtained. Next, fed batch operation with free cells was adopted to minimize substrate inhibition. Although a higher concentration of PA was achieved (38.0 g⋅L-1 ), the response variables (YP/S = 0.409 g⋅g-1 and QP = 0.198 g⋅L-1 ⋅H-1 ) were close to those of the simple batch experiment. Finally, the fermentability of the hemicellulosic hydrolysate was investigated in a sequential batch with immobilized cells. The PA concentration achieved a maximum of 35.3 g⋅L-1 in the third cycle; moreover, the volumetric productivity was almost sixfold higher (1.17 g⋅L-1 ⋅H-1 ) in sequential batch than in simple batch fermentation. The results are highly promising, providing preliminary data for studies on scaling up the production of this organic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycia G M Castro
- Center of Biofuels, Oil and Derivatives, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Roberto N Maeda
- Novozymes Latin America, Barigui, Rua Professor Francisco Ribeiro, Araucaria, Parana, CEP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A L Rocha
- Center of Biofuels, Oil and Derivatives, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Fernandes
- Center of Biofuels, Oil and Derivatives, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
| | - Nei Pereira
- Center of Biofuels, Oil and Derivatives, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil
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Ranaei V, Pilevar Z, Khaneghah AM, Hosseini H. Propionic Acid: Method of Production, Current State and Perspectives. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:115-127. [PMID: 32831564 PMCID: PMC7416123 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.02.20.6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past years, there has been a growing interest in the bioproduction of propionic acid by Propionibacterium. One of the major limitations of the existing models lies in their low productivity yield. Hence, many strategies have been proposed in order to circumvent this obstacle. This article provides a comprehensive synthesis and review of important biotechnological aspects of propionic acid production as a common ingredient in food and biotechnology industries. We first discuss some of the most important production processes, mainly focusing on biological production. Then, we provide a summary of important propionic acid producers, including Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium acidipropionici, as well as a wide range of reported growth/production media. Furthermore, we describe bioprocess variables that can have impact on the production yield. Finally, we propose methods for the extraction and analysis of propionic acid and put forward strategies for overcoming the limitations of competitive microbial production from the economical point of view. Several factors influence the propionic acid concentration and productivity such as culture conditions, type and bioreactor scale; however, the pH value and temperature are the most important ones. Given that there are many reports about propionic acid production from glucose, whey permeate, glycerol, lactic acid, hemicelluloses, hydrolyzed corn meal, lactose, sugarcane molasses and enzymatically hydrolyzed whole wheat flour, only few review articles evaluate biotechnological aspects, i.e. bioprocess variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ranaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ma C, Mu Q, Wang L, Shi Y, Zhu L, Zhang S, Xue Y, Tao Y, Ma Y, Yu B. Bio-production of high-purity propionate by engineering l-threonine degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5303-5313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Gonzalez-Garcia RA, McCubbin T, Turner MS, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E. Engineering Escherichia coli for propionic acid production through the Wood-Werkman cycle. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:167-183. [PMID: 31556457 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Native to propionibacteria, the Wood-Werkman cycle enables propionate production via succinate decarboxylation. Current limitations in engineering propionibacteria strains have redirected attention toward the heterologous production in model organisms. Here, we report the functional expression of the Wood-Werkman cycle in Escherichia coli to enable propionate and 1-propanol production. The initial proof-of-concept attempt showed that the cycle can be used for production. However, production levels were low (0.17 mM). In silico optimization of the expression system by operon rearrangement and ribosomal-binding site tuning improved performance by fivefold. Adaptive laboratory evolution further improved performance redirecting almost 30% of total carbon through the Wood-Werkman cycle, achieving propionate and propanol titers of 9 and 5 mM, respectively. Rational engineering to reduce the generation of byproducts showed that lactate (∆ldhA) and formate (∆pflB) knockout strains exhibit an improved propionate and 1-propanol production, while the ethanol (∆adhE) knockout strain only showed improved propionate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Gonzalez-Garcia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy McCubbin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark S Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Luna-Flores CH, Stowers CC, Cox BM, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E. Linking genotype and phenotype in an economically viable propionic acid biosynthesis process. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:224. [PMID: 30123322 PMCID: PMC6090647 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propionic acid (PA) is used as a food preservative and increasingly, as a precursor for the synthesis of monomers. PA is produced mainly through hydrocarboxylation of ethylene, also known as the 'oxo-process'; however, Propionibacterium species are promising biological PA producers natively producing PA as their main fermentation product. However, for fermentation to be competitive, a PA yield of at least 0.6 g/g is required. RESULTS A new strain able to reach the required yield was obtained using genome shuffling. To gain insight into the changes leading to the improved phenotype, the genome of the new strain was sequenced, and metabolomics and transcriptomics data were obtained. In combination, the data revealed three key mutations: (i) a mutation in the promoter region of a sugar transporter which enables an increase in the uptake rate of sucrose; (ii) a mutation in a polar amino acid transporter which improves consumption of amino acids and acid tolerance; and (iii) a mutation in a gene annotated as a cytochrome C biogenesis gene, which is likely responsible for the coupling of the Wood-Werkman cycle to ATP production were responsible for the phenotype. The bioprocess was further enhanced with a feeding strategy that achieved 70 g/L of product. The proposed bioprocess is expected to outperform the economics of the current 'oxo-process' by 2020. CONCLUSIONS In this study, using genome shuffling, we obtained a strain capable of producing PA exceeding the commercial needs. The multiomics comparison between the novel strain and the wild type revealed overexpression of amino acid pathways, changes in sucrose transporters and an increased activity in the methylglyoxal and the glucuronate interconversion pathways. The analysis also suggests that a mutation in the cytochrome C biogenesis gene, coupled with ATP production through the Wood-Werkman cycle, may be responsible for the increased PA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H. Luna-Flores
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chris C. Stowers
- BioEngineering and Bioprocessing R&D, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Brad M. Cox
- BioEngineering and Bioprocessing R&D, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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17
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Yang H, Wang Z, Lin M, Yang ST. Propionic acid production from soy molasses by Propionibacterium acidipropionici: Fermentation kinetics and economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:1-9. [PMID: 29153644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Propionic acid (PA) is a specialty chemical; its calcium salt is widely used as food preservative. Soy molasses (SM), a low-value byproduct from soybean refinery, contains sucrose and raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO), which are difficult to digest for most animals and industrial microorganisms. The feasibility of using SM for PA production by P. acidipropionici, which has genes encoding enzymes necessary for RFO hydrolysis, was studied. With corn steep liquor as the nitrogen source, stable long-term PA production from SM was demonstrated in sequential batch fermentations, achieving PA productivity of >0.8 g/L h and yield of 0.42 g/g sugar at pH 6.5. Economic analysis showed that calcium propionate as the main component (63.5%) in the product could be produced at US $1.55/kg for a 3000-MT plant with a capital investment of US $10.82 million. At $3.0/kg for the product, the process offers attractive 40% return of investment and is promising for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hopen Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Meng Lin
- Bioprocessing Innovative Company, 4734 Bridle Path Ct., Dublin, OH 43017, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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18
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Zhou M, Yan B, Wong JWC, Zhang Y. Enhanced volatile fatty acids production from anaerobic fermentation of food waste: A mini-review focusing on acidogenic metabolic pathways. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:68-78. [PMID: 28693950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efficient disposal of food waste (FW) with potential resource recovery has attracted great attentions. Due to its easily biodegradable nature, rich nutrient availability and high moisture content, FW is regarded as favorable substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD). Both waste disposal and energy recovery can be fulfilled during AD of FW. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) which are the products of the first-two stages of AD, are widely applied in chemical industry as platform chemicals recently. Concentration and distribution of VFAs is the result of acidogenic metabolic pathways, which can be affected by the micro-environment (e.g. pH) in the digester. Hence, the clear elucidation of the acidogenic metabolic pathways is essential for optimization of acidogenic process for efficient product recovery. This review summarizes major acidogenic metabolic pathways and regulating strategies for enhancing VFAs recovery during acidogenic fermentation of FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- Lab of Waste Valorization and Water Reuse, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Binghua Yan
- Lab of Waste Valorization and Water Reuse, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, PR China.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Lab of Waste Valorization and Water Reuse, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, PR China
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19
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Vorob’eva LI, Rogozhin EA, Khodzhaev EY, Volodyashkin RA, Samoilenko VA. Characterization and stress-protective action of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracellular peptide factors on propionic acid bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Mika LT, Cséfalvay E, Németh Á. Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Initial Platform Chemicals: Chemistry and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2017; 118:505-613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László T. Mika
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Edit Cséfalvay
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Áron Németh
- Department
of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
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21
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Wang X, Salvachúa D, Sànchez i Nogué V, Michener WE, Bratis AD, Dorgan JR, Beckham GT. Propionic acid production from corn stover hydrolysate by Propionibacterium acidipropionici. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:200. [PMID: 28824710 PMCID: PMC5561626 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of value-added chemicals alongside biofuels from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is critical for developing economically viable biorefineries. Here, the production of propionic acid (PA), a potential building block for C3-based chemicals, from corn stover hydrolysate is investigated using the native PA-producing bacterium Propionibacterium acidipropionici. RESULTS A wide range of culture conditions and process parameters were examined and experimentally optimized to maximize titer, rate, and yield of PA. The effect of gas sparging during fermentation was first examined, and N2 was found to exhibit improved performance over CO2. Subsequently, the effects of different hydrolysate concentrations, nitrogen sources, and neutralization agents were investigated. One of the best combinations found during batch experiments used yeast extract (YE) as the primary nitrogen source and NH4OH for pH control. This combination enabled PA titers of 30.8 g/L with a productivity of 0.40 g/L h from 76.8 g/L biomass sugars, while successfully minimizing lactic acid production. Due to the economic significance of downstream separations, increasing titers using fed-batch fermentation was examined by changing both feeding media and strategy. Continuous feeding of hydrolysate was found to be superior to pulsed feeding and combined with high YE concentrations increased PA titers to 62.7 g/L and improved the simultaneous utilization of different biomass sugars. Additionally, applying high YE supplementation maintains the lactic acid concentration below 4 g/L for the duration of the fermentation. Finally, with the aim of increasing productivity, high cell density fed-batch fermentations were conducted. PA titers increased to 64.7 g/L with a productivity of 2.35 g/L h for the batch stage and 0.77 g/L h for the overall process. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of media and fermentation strategy to improve PA production. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of producing PA from corn stover hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Davinia Salvachúa
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | | | - William E. Michener
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Adam D. Bratis
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - John R. Dorgan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
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22
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23
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Eş I, Khaneghah AM, Hashemi SMB, Koubaa M. Current advances in biological production of propionic acid. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:635-645. [PMID: 28150076 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid and its derivatives are considered "Generally Recognized As Safe" food additives and are generally used as an anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory agent, herbicide, and artificial flavor in diverse industrial applications. It is produced via biological pathways using Propionibacterium and some anaerobic bacteria. However, its commercial chemical synthesis from the petroleum-based feedstock is the conventional production process bit results in some environmental issues. Novel biological approaches using microorganisms and renewable biomass have attracted considerable recent attention due to economic advantages as well as great adaptation with the green technology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of important biotechnological aspects of propionic acid production using recent technologies such as employment of co-culture, genetic and metabolic engineering, immobilization technique and efficient bioreactor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal: 6121, CEP: 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOMEA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
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24
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Chen Y, Shen N, Wang T, Zhang F, Zeng RJ. Ammonium level induces high purity propionate production in mixed culture glucose fermentation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25926j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionate is an important chemical widely applied in industry and its productionviafermentation is economic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shen
- School of Environmental Engineering and Science
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Yanshan University
- Qinhuangdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond J. Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
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25
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Chen Y, Wang T, Shen N, Zhang F, Zeng RJ. High-purity propionate production from glycerol in mixed culture fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:659-667. [PMID: 27544916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-purity propionate production from glycerol in mixed culture fermentation (MCF) induced by high ammonium concentration was investigated. Fed-batch experiments revealed that higher ammonium concentration (>2.9g/L) had simultaneous negative effects on acetate and propionate degradation. Propionate production and yield was up to 22.6g/L and 0.45g COD/g COD glycerol, respectively, with a purity of 96%. Sequential batch experiments demonstrated that the yields of propionate were 0.3±0.05, 0.32±0.01, and 0.34±0.03g COD/g COD at a glycerol concentration of 2.78, 4.38, and 5.56g/L, respectively, and the purity of propionate was 91-100%. Microbial community analysis showed that the phylum Firmicutes dominated the bacterial community at different glycerol concentrations. However, the Methanosaeta population decreased from 46% to 6% when glycerol concentration increased from 2.78 to 5.56g/L, resulting in lower acetate degradation rate. Thus, the present study might provide an alternative option for the production of propionate from glycerol via MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shen
- School of Environmental Engineering and Science, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond J Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Luna‐Flores CH, Palfreyman RW, Krömer JO, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E. Improved production of propionic acid using genome shuffling. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Luna‐Flores
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Robin W Palfreyman
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Jens O Krömer
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering and Innovation The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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27
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Liu Z, Ge Y, Xu J, Gao C, Ma C, Xu P. Efficient production of propionic acid through high density culture with recycling cells of Propionibacterium acidipropionici. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:856-861. [PMID: 27318164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore propionic acid production via high density culture of Propionibacterium acidipropionici and recycling of cells. Results showed that final cells of P. acidipropionici from high density culture still had high metabolic activity for reuse. Using our process, 75.9gl(-1) propionic acid was produced, which was 1.84-fold of that in fed-batch fermentation with low cell density (41.2gl(-1)); the corresponding productivity was 100.0% higher than that in fed-batch fermentation with low cell density (0.16gl(-1)h(-1)). This bioprocess may have potential for the industrial production of propionic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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28
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Microbial Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Processes and Market. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8469357. [PMID: 27556042 PMCID: PMC4983341 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8469357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological production of organic acids from conversion of biomass derivatives has received increased attention among scientists and engineers and in business because of the attractive properties such as renewability, sustainability, degradability, and versatility. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research and development of short chain fatty acids production by anaerobic fermentation of nonfood biomass and to evaluate the status and outlook for a sustainable industrial production of such biochemicals. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid have many industrial applications and are currently of global economic interest. The focus is mainly on the utilization of pretreated lignocellulosic plant biomass as substrate (the carbohydrate route) and development of the bacteria and processes that lead to a high and economically feasible production of VFA. The current and developing market for VFA is analyzed focusing on production, prices, and forecasts along with a presentation of the biotechnology companies operating in the market for sustainable biochemicals. Finally, perspectives on taking sustainable product of biochemicals from promise to market introduction are reviewed.
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29
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Abstract
Propionibacterium acidipropionici produces propionic acid as its main fermentation product. Traditionally derived from fossil fuels, environmental and sustainable issues have revived the interest in producing propionic acid using biological resources. Here, we present the closed sequence of Propionibacterium acidipropionici ATCC 55737, an efficient propionic acid producer.
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30
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Wang J, Lin M, Xu M, Yang ST. Anaerobic Fermentation for Production of Carboxylic Acids as Bulk Chemicals from Renewable Biomass. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 156:323-361. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Przybylski D, Rohwerder T, Dilßner C, Maskow T, Harms H, Müller RH. Exploiting mixtures of H2, CO2, and O2 for improved production of methacrylate precursor 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid by engineered Cupriavidus necator strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2131-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Wang Z, Ammar EM, Zhang A, Wang L, Lin M, Yang ST. Engineering Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii for enhanced propionic acid fermentation: effects of overexpressing propionyl-CoA:Succinate CoA transferase. Metab Eng 2014; 27:46-56. [PMID: 25447642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii naturally forms propionic acid as the main fermentation product with acetate and succinate as two major by-products. In this study, overexpressing the native propionyl-CoA:succinate CoA transferase (CoAT) in P. shermanii was investigated to evaluate its effects on propionic acid fermentation with glucose, glycerol, and their mixtures as carbon source. In general, the mutant produced more propionic acid, with up to 10% increase in yield (0.62 vs. 0.56g/g) and 46% increase in productivity (0.41 vs. 0.28g/Lh), depending on the fermentation conditions. The mutant also produced less acetate and succinate, with the ratios of propionate to acetate (P/A) and succinate (P/S) in the final product increased 50% and 23%, respectively, in the co-fermentation of glucose/glycerol. Metabolic flux analysis elucidated that CoAT overexpression diverted more carbon fluxes toward propionic acid, resulting in higher propionic acid purity and a preference for glycerol over glucose as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ehab M Ammar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - An Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Liqun Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, 1 Ge Hu Road, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Meng Lin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Wang Z, Jin Y, Yang ST. High cell density propionic acid fermentation with an acid tolerant strain ofPropionibacterium acidipropionici. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 112:502-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; The Ohio State University; 140W. 19th Ave Columbus OH 43210
| | - Ying Jin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; The Ohio State University; 140W. 19th Ave Columbus OH 43210
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; The Ohio State University; 140W. 19th Ave Columbus OH 43210
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