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Eslami SM, van der Donk WA. Proteases Involved in Leader Peptide Removal during RiPP Biosynthesis. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:20-36. [PMID: 38404746 PMCID: PMC10885120 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) have received much attention in recent years because of their promising bioactivities and the portability of their biosynthetic pathways. Heterologous expression studies of RiPP biosynthetic enzymes identified by genome mining often leave a leader peptide on the final product to prevent toxicity to the host and to allow the attachment of a genetically encoded affinity purification tag. Removal of the leader peptide to produce the mature natural product is then carried out in vitro with either a commercial protease or a protease that fulfills this task in the producing organism. This review covers the advances in characterizing these latter cognate proteases from bacterial RiPPs and their utility as sequence-dependent proteases. The strategies employed for leader peptide removal have been shown to be remarkably diverse. They include one-step removal by a single protease, two-step removal by two dedicated proteases, and endoproteinase activity followed by aminopeptidase activity by the same protease. Similarly, the localization of the proteolytic step varies from cytoplasmic cleavage to leader peptide removal during secretion to extracellular leader peptide removal. Finally, substrate recognition ranges from highly sequence specific with respect to the leader and/or modified core peptide to nonsequence specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Eslami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, University of
Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Khánh CM, Van Quyen D, Van TTH, Moore RJ. Heterologously expressed SacP23, a novel bacteriocin from Paenibacillus polymyxa #23, is active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:231119. [PMID: 38126065 PMCID: PMC10731318 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have the potential to be used in a range of applications, including as an alternative to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections of humans and animals. Therefore, there is interest in identifying novel bacteriocins which have desirable physico-chemical properties or antimicrobial activities. Paenibacillus polymyxa #23, isolated from a marine sponge, has wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. To explore the basis of this antimicrobial activity, the complete genome sequence of the strain was examined. Multiple genes predicted to encode antimicrobial peptides were identified. One gene was predicted to encode a novel sactipeptide bacteriocin, named SacP23. To confirm that SacP23 does have antimicrobial activity and to explore the antimicrobial spectrum of the peptide it was heterologously expressed in Bacillus subtilis. A cluster of eight genes, encoding a full complement of accessory genes as well as the structural gene expressed from the native promoter, was cloned into B. subtilis BS54A. The recombinant strain displayed antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Heterologous expression of a whole gene cluster offers a powerful way to interrogate and resolve the various antimicrobial activities expressed by native strains that encode multiple compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Châu Minh Khánh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong, Loc Tho, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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3
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Crone KK, Jomori T, Miller FS, Gralnick JA, Elias MH, Freeman MF. RiPP enzyme heterocomplex structure-guided discovery of a bacterial borosin α- N-methylated peptide natural product. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:804-816. [PMID: 37799586 PMCID: PMC10549244 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amide peptide backbone methylation is a characteristic post-translational modification found in a family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs) called borosins. Previously, we bioinformatically identified >1500 putative borosin pathways in bacteria; however, none of the pathways were associated with a known secondary metabolite. Through in-depth characterization of a borosin pathway in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, we have now identified a bacterially derived borosin natural product named Shewanellamide A. Borosin identification was facilitated by the creation and analysis of a series of precursor variants and crystallographic interrogation of variant precursor and methyltransferase complexes. Along with assaying two proteases from S. oneidensis, probable boundaries for proteolytic maturation of the metabolite were projected and confirmed via comparison of S. oneidensis knockout and overexpression strains. All in all, the S. oneidensis natural product was found to be a 16-mer linear peptide featuring two backbone methylations, establishing Shewanellamide A as one of the few borosin metabolites yet identified, and the first from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Crone
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - T Jomori
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - F S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - J A Gralnick
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - M H Elias
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - M F Freeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
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4
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Sukmarini L. Marine Bacterial Ribosomal Peptides: Recent Genomics- and Synthetic Biology-Based Discoveries and Biosynthetic Studies. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090544. [PMID: 36135733 PMCID: PMC9505594 DOI: 10.3390/md20090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biodiversity is represented by an exceptional and ample array of intriguing natural product chemistries. Due to their extensive post-translational modifications, ribosomal peptides—also known as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs)—exemplify a widely diverse class of natural products, endowing a broad range of pharmaceutically and biotechnologically relevant properties for therapeutic or industrial applications. Most RiPPs are of bacterial origin, yet their marine derivatives have been quite rarely investigated. Given the rapid advancement engaged in a more powerful genomics approach, more biosynthetic gene clusters and pathways for these ribosomal peptides continue to be increasingly characterized. Moreover, the genome-mining approach in integration with synthetic biology techniques has markedly led to a revolution of RiPP natural product discovery. Therefore, this present short review article focuses on the recent discovery of RiPPs from marine bacteria based on genome mining and synthetic biology approaches during the past decade. Their biosynthetic studies are discussed herein, particularly the organization of targeted biosynthetic gene clusters linked to the encoded RiPPs with potential bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sukmarini
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
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5
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Sikandar A, Lopatniuk M, Luzhetskyy A, Müller R, Koehnke J. Total In Vitro Biosynthesis of the Thioamitide Thioholgamide and Investigation of the Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5136-5144. [PMID: 35263083 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thioholgamides are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs), with potent activity against cancerous cell lines and an unprecedented structure. Despite being one of the most structurally and chemically complex RiPPs, very few biosynthetic steps have been elucidated. Here, we report the complete in vitro reconstitution of the biosynthetic pathway. We demonstrate that thioamidation is the first step and acts as a gatekeeper for downstream processing. Thr dehydration follows thioamidation, and our studies reveal that both these modifications require the formation of protein complexes─ThoH/I and ThoC/D. Harnessing the power of AlphaFold, we deduce that ThoD acts as a lyase and also proposes putative catalytic residues. ThoF catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of the terminal Cys, and the subsequent macrocyclization is facilitated by ThoE. This is followed by Ser dehydration, which is also carried out by ThoC/D. ThoG is responsible for histidine bis-N-methylation, which is a prerequisite for His β-hydroxylation─a modification carried out by ThoJ. The last step of the pathway is the removal of the leader peptide by ThoK to afford mature thioholgamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfandyar Sikandar
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University (UdS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maria Lopatniuk
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University (UdS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jesko Koehnke
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, HIPS, HZI, UdS, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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6
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Wang M, Fage CD, He Y, Mi J, Yang Y, Li F, An X, Fan H, Song L, Zhu S, Tong Y. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Expanding the Chemical Diversity of Lasso Peptides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:741364. [PMID: 34631682 PMCID: PMC8498205 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.741364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a growing family of natural products that exhibit a range of structures and bioactivities. Initially assembled from the twenty proteinogenic amino acids in a ribosome-dependent manner, RiPPs assume their peculiar bioactive structures through various post-translational modifications. The essential modifications representative of each subfamily of RiPP are performed on a precursor peptide by the so-called processing enzymes; however, various tailoring enzymes can also embellish the precursor peptide or processed peptide with additional functional groups. Lasso peptides are an interesting subfamily of RiPPs characterized by their unique lariat knot-like structure, wherein the C-terminal tail is inserted through a macrolactam ring fused by an isopeptide bond between the N-terminal amino group and an acidic side chain. Until recently, relatively few lasso peptides were found to be tailored with extra functional groups. Nevertheless, the development of new routes to diversify lasso peptides and thus introduce novel or enhanced biological, medicinally relevant, or catalytic properties is appealing. In this review, we highlight several strategies through which lasso peptides have been successfully modified and provide a brief overview of the latest findings on the tailoring of these peptides. We also propose future directions for lasso peptide tailoring as well as potential applications for these peptides in hybrid catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher D Fage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yile He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Mi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Clinical Laboratory Center, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozhou Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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7
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Eyles TH, Vior NM, Lacret R, Truman AW. Understanding thioamitide biosynthesis using pathway engineering and untargeted metabolomics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7138-7150. [PMID: 34123341 PMCID: PMC8153245 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiostreptamide S4 is a thioamitide, a family of promising antitumour ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). The thioamitides are one of the most structurally complex RiPP families, yet very few thioamitide biosynthetic steps have been elucidated, even though the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of multiple thioamitides have been identified. We hypothesised that engineering the thiostreptamide S4 BGC in a heterologous host could provide insights into its biosynthesis when coupled with untargeted metabolomics and targeted mutations of the precursor peptide. Modified BGCs were constructed, and in-depth metabolomics enabled a detailed understanding of the biosynthetic pathway to thiostreptamide S4, including the identification of a protein critical for amino acid dehydration that has homology to HopA1, an effector protein used by a plant pathogen to aid infection. We use this biosynthetic understanding to bioinformatically identify diverse RiPP-like BGCs, paving the way for future RiPP discovery and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Eyles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Natalia M Vior
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Rodney Lacret
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
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8
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Montalbán-López M, Scott TA, Ramesh S, Rahman IR, van Heel AJ, Viel JH, Bandarian V, Dittmann E, Genilloud O, Goto Y, Grande Burgos MJ, Hill C, Kim S, Koehnke J, Latham JA, Link AJ, Martínez B, Nair SK, Nicolet Y, Rebuffat S, Sahl HG, Sareen D, Schmidt EW, Schmitt L, Severinov K, Süssmuth RD, Truman AW, Wang H, Weng JK, van Wezel GP, Zhang Q, Zhong J, Piel J, Mitchell DA, Kuipers OP, van der Donk WA. New developments in RiPP discovery, enzymology and engineering. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:130-239. [PMID: 32935693 PMCID: PMC7864896 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to June 2020Ribosomally-synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large group of natural products. A community-driven review in 2013 described the emerging commonalities in the biosynthesis of RiPPs and the opportunities they offered for bioengineering and genome mining. Since then, the field has seen tremendous advances in understanding of the mechanisms by which nature assembles these compounds, in engineering their biosynthetic machinery for a wide range of applications, and in the discovery of entirely new RiPP families using bioinformatic tools developed specifically for this compound class. The First International Conference on RiPPs was held in 2019, and the meeting participants assembled the current review describing new developments since 2013. The review discusses the new classes of RiPPs that have been discovered, the advances in our understanding of the installation of both primary and secondary post-translational modifications, and the mechanisms by which the enzymes recognize the leader peptides in their substrates. In addition, genome mining tools used for RiPP discovery are discussed as well as various strategies for RiPP engineering. An outlook section presents directions for future research.
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9
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Bhushan A, Egli PJ, Peters EE, Freeman MF, Piel J. Genome mining- and synthetic biology-enabled production of hypermodified peptides. Nat Chem 2019; 11:931-939. [PMID: 31501509 PMCID: PMC6763334 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The polytheonamides are among the most complex and biosynthetically distinctive natural products known to date. These potent peptide cytotoxins are derived from a ribosomal precursor processed by 49 mostly non-canonical posttranslational modifications. As the producer is a 'microbial dark matter' bacterium only distantly related to any cultivated organism, >70-step chemical syntheses have been developed to access these unique compounds. Here, we mined prokaryotic diversity to establish a synthetic platform based on the new host Microvirgula aerodenitrificans that produces hypermodified peptides within two days. Using this system, we generated the aeronamides, new polytheonamide-type compounds with near-picomolar cytotoxicity. Aeronamides, as well as the polygeonamides produced from deep-rock biosphere DNA, contain the highest numbers of D-amino acids in known biomolecules. With increasing bacterial genomes being sequenced, similar host mining strategies might become feasible to access further elusive natural products from uncultivated life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneya Bhushan
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eike E Peters
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael F Freeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Newman DJ. The impact of decreasing biodiversity on novel drug discovery: is there a serious cause for concern? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:521-525. [PMID: 30902034 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1593370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this perspective is to discuss the current and potential situation concerning the loss of biodiversity and its current and potential effects upon the search for novel bioactive agents from natural sources, be they from marine, microbial or terrestrial environments. Areas covered: Herein, the author covers terrestrial plants, marine organisms (but not vertebrates), and unicellular microbes from both terrestrial and marine sources. The emphasis is on the unknown effects of biodiversity perturbation and/or loss of microbes that are now realized to underlie the production of a significant number of natural products, whether they were first found in plants or marine invertebrates. Expert opinion: From the discussion of the areas above comes the realization that we do not know what we still have. Furthermore, we cannot measure, other than in very gross terms, what we have lost. Thus, deciding how, and where geographically, one should now search for novel bioactive agents is a major and continuing problem.
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