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Mourthé Í, Paim FP, Mercês MP, Valsecchi J, Rabelo RM. Update of the geographic range of Humboldt's squirrel monkeys (Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis Lesson, 1840) using a model-based approach. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23625. [PMID: 38558023 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis (Cebidae) is a primate subspecies with a wide distribution in the Amazonian region of Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. However, the boundaries of its geographic range remain poorly defined. This study presents new occurrence localities for this subspecies and updates its distribution using a compiled data set of 140 occurrence records based on literature, specimens vouchered in scientific collections, and new field data to produce model-based range maps. After cleaning our data set, we updated the subspecies' extent of occurrence, which was used in model calibration. We then modeled the subspecies' range using a maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). The final model was adjusted using a fixed threshold, and we revised this polygon based on known geographic barriers and parapatric congeneric ranges. Our findings indicate that this subspecies is strongly associated with lowland areas, with consistently high daily temperatures. We propose modifications to all range boundaries and estimate that 3% of the area of occupancy (AOO, as defined by IUCN) has already been lost due to deforestation, resulting in a current range of 224,469 km2. We also found that 54% of their AOO is currently covered by protected areas (PAs). Based on these results, we consider that this subspecies is currently properly classified as Least Concern, because it occupies an extensive range, which is relatively well covered by PAs, and is currently experiencing low rates of deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Mourthé
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, Brazil
- Primate Specialist Group, International Union for Conservation of Nature/Species Survival Commission, Austin, USA
| | - Fernanda P Paim
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
| | | | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rabelo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
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Sobroza TV, Gordo M, Barnett AP, Boubli JP, Spironello WR. Parapatric pied and red-handed tamarin responses to congeneric and conspecific calls. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Paim FP, El Bizri HR, Paglia AP, Queiroz HL. Long-term population monitoring of the threatened and endemic black-headed squirrel monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii) shows the importance of protected areas for primate conservation in Amazonia. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22988. [PMID: 31094012 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Population monitoring of endangered species is essential to the improvement of their management and conservation plans. The black-headed squirrel monkey (Saimiri vanzolinii) is a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List and has extreme geographical endemism, exhibiting the smallest known distribution among Neotropical primates (ca. 870 km2 ), over 90% of which occurs in white-water flooded forests within the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), Brazilian Amazonia. To assess the effectiveness of this protected area in conserving the species, we conducted population monitoring of black-headed squirrel monkeys across five consecutive years (2009-2013) on nine trails 2 km each. Each year samples included both low and high river water periods. We used the distance sampling method, recording the distance to each observed social group as well as counting component individuals. We also calculated annual encounter rates based on the number of individuals sighted every 10 km traveled. Densities ranged from 256 individuals/km2 (2011) to 453 individuals/km2 (2013), and no seasonal differences were detected. Population size was estimated to be 147,848 mature individuals. Encounter rates ranged from 100 individuals/10 km (2010) to 179 individuals/10 km (2013); no significant difference among years was found. We found that S. vanzolinii populations remained stable throughout the years, which indicates that the MSDR has been playing an essential role on protecting this species. Due to difficulties of fulfilling assumptions of the distance sampling method, we consider the encounter rate analysis to be more effective for monitoring this and other Saimiri species. Given the critical endemism and worrying conservation status of S. vanzolinii, we suggest that monitoring of the species population should be carried out regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P Paim
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hani R El Bizri
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil.,Manchester Metropolitan University, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester, United Kingdom.,ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Tarapaca, Peru
| | - Adriano P Paglia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helder L Queiroz
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
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Campêlo AC, Souza-Alves JP, Lima IMSD, Araújo ACL, Oliveira-Silva LRB, Bezerra B. Home sweet home? Adjustments in the ecology, behaviour and vocalisations of Amazonian squirrel monkeys inhabiting an Atlantic forest fragment. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1522517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anielise C. Campêlo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - João P. Souza-Alves
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | | | - Ana C. Lima Araújo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | | | - Bruna Bezerra
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
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Alvarenga GC, Ramalho EE, Baccaro FB, da Rocha DG, Ferreira-Ferreira J, Bobrowiec PED. Spatial patterns of medium and large size mammal assemblages in várzea and terra firme forests, Central Amazonia, Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198120. [PMID: 29847606 PMCID: PMC5976171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Várzea forests account for 17% of the Amazon basin and endure an annual inundation that can reach 14 m deep during 6-8 months. This flood pulse in combination with topography directly influences the várzea vegetation cover. Assemblages of several taxa differ significantly between unflooded terra firme and flooded várzea forests, but little is known about the distribution of medium and large sized terrestrial mammals in várzea habitats. Therefore, our goal was to understand how those habitats influence mammalian species distribution during the dry season. Specifically, we: (1) compared the species composition between a terra firme (Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve) and a várzea forest (Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve); and (2) tested the influence of the várzea habitat classes on the number of records, occurrence and species composition of mammalian assemblages. The sampling design in each reserve consisted of 50 baited camera trap stations, with an overall sampling effort of 5015 camera trap days. We used Non-Metric Multidimension Scaling (NMDS) to compare species composition between terra firme and várzea forests, and used Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to assess how habitat types and a habitat diversity index affect mammal distributions. We recorded 21 medium and large sized mammalian species, including 20 species in terra firme and only six in várzea (3443 records). Flood pulse and isolation in várzea forest drove the dissimilarity between these two forest types. In várzea forest, medium size mammals, in general, avoided habitats associated with long flooding periods, while jaguars (Panthera onca) appeared to prefer aquatic/terrestrial transition zones. Habitats that remain dry for longer periods showed more mammalian occurrence, suggesting that dispersion via soil is important even for semi-arboreal species. This is the first study to evaluate differential use of várzea habitats by terrestrial mammalian assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Costa Alvarenga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Beggiato Baccaro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gomes da Rocha
- Graduate Group in Ecology, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
- Ecosystem Dynamics Observatory, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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