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Bairagi S, Abdollahifar MA, Atake OJ, Dust W, Wiebe S, Belev G, Chapman LD, Webb MA, Zhu N, Cooper DML, Eames BF. MRI overestimates articular cartilage thickness and volume compared to synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291757. [PMID: 37788257 PMCID: PMC10547194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate evaluation of morphological changes in articular cartilage are necessary for early detection of osteoarthritis (OA). 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has highly sensitive contrast resolution and is widely used clinically to detect OA. However, synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging computed tomography (SR-PCI) can also provide contrast to tissue interfaces that do not have sufficient absorption differences, with the added benefit of very high spatial resolution. Here, MRI was compared with SR-PCI for quantitative evaluation of human articular cartilage. Medial tibial condyles were harvested from non-OA donors and from OA patients receiving knee replacement surgery. Both imaging methods revealed that average cartilage thickness and cartilage volume were significantly reduced in the OA group, compared to the non-OA group. When comparing modalities, the superior resolution of SR-PCI enabled more precise mapping of the cartilage surface relative to MRI. As a result, MRI showed significantly higher average cartilage thickness and cartilage volume, compared to SR-PCI. These data highlight the potential for high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage using SR-PCI as a solution for early OA diagnosis. Recognizing current limitations of using a synchrotron for clinical imaging, we discuss its nascent utility for preclinical models, particularly longitudinal studies of live animal models of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjan Bairagi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Oghenevwogaga J. Atake
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - William Dust
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sheldon Wiebe
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - George Belev
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - L. Dean Chapman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M. Adam Webb
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David M. L. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Shi L, Chen J, Tian Y, Ren L. Hydroxyapatite gradient on poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels surface to mimic calcified cartilage zone for cartilage repair. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1579-1587. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282211073854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels are considered promising artificial articular cartilage. However, the weak attachment between PVA hydrogels and subchondral bone limit its application in the biomedical field. In this article, we present a new method to improve the mineralization of PVA hydrogels, and fabricate PVA hydrogels with continuously graded hydroxyapatite coating. The surface of the hydrogels was modified by dopamine self-polymerization and alendronate conjugation subsequently. Based on these, we used simulated body fluids to mineralize the hydrogels to mimic calcified cartilage zone. The modified surface of the PVA hydrogels showed excellent mineralization ability with continuously graded hydroxyapatite (HA). As the main component of human bones, HA can be chemically bonded body tissue on the interface, showing great biological activity. With the content of HA increasing, the cell adhesion ability of the hydrogels was enhanced, which helped the hydrogels integrate tightly with subchondral bone. These results demonstrate that the modified hydrogels could be promising substitutes for articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiongrun Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ren
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Kim BR, Yoo HJ, Chae HD, Hong SH, Choi JY. Fat-suppressed T2 mapping of human knee femoral articular cartilage: comparison with conventional T2 mapping. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:662. [PMID: 34372797 PMCID: PMC8351355 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is paucity of studies applying fat suppressed (FS) technique to T2 mapping to overcome chemical shift artifacts. The purpose of the study is to difference between FS T2 and conventional T2 mapping and reproducibility of FS T2 mapping in the femoral articular cartilage. Methods Eighteen patients who had normal-looking femoral cartilage and underwent knee MRI with conventional T2 and FS T2 mapping were included. T2 values of each mapping were measured by two readers independently from nine regions in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and lateral femoral condyle (LFC). Each anatomical region was divided by lines at ± 10°, 30°, 50°, 70°, 90°, and 110°. Comparisons of T2 values between conventional and FS T2 mapping were statistically analyzed. The T2 values between FS and conventional T2 mapping in the anterior, central and posterior femoral condyles were compared. Results The overall femoral condyle T2 values from the FS T2 map were significantly lower than those from the conventional T2 map (48.5ms vs. 51.0ms, p < 0.001). The differences in the T2 values between the two maps were significantly different among the three divisions of the LFC (p = 0.009) and MFC (p = 0.031). The intra-class correlation coefficients indicated higher agreement in the FS T2 map than in the conventional T2 map (0.943 vs. 0.872). Conclusions The T2 values of knee femoral cartilage are significantly lower on FS T2 mapping than on conventional T2 mapping. FS T2 mapping is a more reproducible method for evaluating knee femoral cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Chae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Hong
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Korea.
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Kottmeier LK, Seehusen F, Helweg M, Rohn K, Stadler P, Hellige M. High-field (3 Tesla) MRI of the navicular apparatus of sound horses shows good agreement to histopathology. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 61:48-57. [PMID: 31825150 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and the correlation to histopathological findings of the equine palmar foot of lame horses have been described previously, using 0.27 and 1.5 T systems. Compared to these, 3 T systems provide superior spatial resolution and imaging contrast. The aim of our prospective anatomic study was to characterize the imaging anatomy of the navicular region on 3 T MRI in comparison to histopathological findings. We hypothesized that 3 T MRI allows a good visualization of the entire navicular apparatus and reliable measurements of navicular cartilage and cortical bone thickness. Twenty front feet of sound horses were examined using a 3 T MRI system. For histopathological examination, sagittal tissue sections of the navicular bones and adjacent ligaments were prepared. Alterations in magnetic resonance signal were graded for each region and compared to corresponding histological slices. Overall, there was good visualization of the anatomical detail and a very good agreement between MRI and histology for compact bone and spongiosa, good agreement for the fibrocartilage and the distal sesamoidean impar ligament, but only moderate agreement for the hyaline cartilage and the collateral sesamoidean ligament. A comparative measurement of cartilage and cortical bone thickness on magnetic resonance images and histological sections was performed. In MRI, the hyaline cartilage of the articular surface appeared significantly thinner and the fibrocartilage of the flexor surface appeared significantly thicker compared to histology. Findings indicated that MRI at a field strength of 3 T allows reliable depiction of anatomic details of the navicular apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K Kottmeier
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Helweg
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology, and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Evrard L, Audigié F, Bertoni L, Jacquet S, Denoix JM, Busoni V. Low field magnetic resonance imaging of the equine distal interphalangeal joint: Comparison between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211101. [PMID: 30689659 PMCID: PMC6349334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to compare the magnetic resonance appearance of the distal interphalangeal joint articular cartilage between standing weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions. Ten forefeet of live horses were scanned in a standing low-field magnetic resonance system (0.27 T). After euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the study, the non-weight-bearing isolated feet were scanned in a vertical positioning reproducing limb orientation in live horses. The same acquisition settings as during the weight-bearing examination were used. Thickness and cross-sectional area of the distal interphalangeal articular cartilage and joint space were measured on tridimensional T1-weighted gradient echo high resolution frontal and sagittal images at predetermined landmarks in both conditions and were compared using a linear mixed-effects model. Frontal images were randomized and submitted to 9 blinded readers with 3 different experience levels for identification of weight-bearing versus non-weight-bearing acquisitions based on cartilage appearance. Weight-bearing limbs had significantly thinner distal interphalangeal cartilage (p = 0.0001) than non-weight-bearing limbs. This change was greater in the distal phalanx cartilage than that of the middle phalanx. Blinded readers correctly identified 83% (range 65 to 95%) of the images as weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing acquisitions, with significantly different results observed among the different readers (p < 0.001) and groups (p < 0.001). These results indicate that distal interphalangeal articular cartilage and particularly cartilage of the distal phalanx thins when weight-bearing compared to the non-weight-bearing standing postmortem conditions and suggest that cartilage abnormalities may be more difficult to identify on weight-bearing standing magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Evrard
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and Equids, Equine Division, Diagnostic Imaging Section, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrice Audigié
- Centre d’Imagerie et de Recherche sur les Affections Locomotrices Equines (CIRALE), Unité 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Normandie Equine Vallée, Goustranville, France
| | - Lélia Bertoni
- Centre d’Imagerie et de Recherche sur les Affections Locomotrices Equines (CIRALE), Unité 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Normandie Equine Vallée, Goustranville, France
| | - Sandrine Jacquet
- Centre d’Imagerie et de Recherche sur les Affections Locomotrices Equines (CIRALE), Unité 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Normandie Equine Vallée, Goustranville, France
| | - Jean-Marie Denoix
- Centre d’Imagerie et de Recherche sur les Affections Locomotrices Equines (CIRALE), Unité 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Normandie Equine Vallée, Goustranville, France
| | - Valeria Busoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and Equids, Equine Division, Diagnostic Imaging Section, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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De Tobel J, Hillewig E, de Haas MB, Van Eeckhout B, Fieuws S, Thevissen PW, Verstraete KL. Forensic age estimation based on T1 SE and VIBE wrist MRI: do a one-fits-all staging technique and age estimation model apply? Eur Radiol 2019; 29:2924-2935. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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De Guio C, Ségard-Weisse E, Thomas-Cancian A, Schramme M. Bone marrow lesions of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal bone are common and not always related to lameness in sports and pleasure horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 60:167-175. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile De Guio
- Diagnostic imaging, Department of Clinical science; VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - Emilie Ségard-Weisse
- Diagnostic imaging, Department of Clinical science; VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - Aurélie Thomas-Cancian
- Diagnostic imaging, Department of Clinical science; VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - Michael Schramme
- Diagnostic imaging, Department of Clinical science; VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon; Marcy l'Etoile France
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8
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Colotti R, Omoumi P, van Heeswijk RB, Bastiaansen JAM. Simultaneous fat-free isotropic 3D anatomical imaging and T 2 mapping of knee cartilage with lipid-insensitive binomial off-resonant RF excitation (LIBRE) pulses. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:1275-1284. [PMID: 30318667 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved knee cartilage morphological delineation and T2 mapping precision necessitates isotropic 3D high-resolution and efficient fat suppression. PURPOSE To develop and assess an isotropic 3D lipid-insensitive T2 mapping technique of the knee for improved cartilage delineation and precise measurement of T2 relaxation times. STUDY TYPE Prospective. PHANTOM/SUBJECTS Phantoms (n = 6) used in this study were designed to mimic the T1 and T2 relaxation times of cartilage and fat. The study cohort comprised healthy volunteers (n = 7) for morphometry and T2 relaxation time measurements. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A high-resolution isotropic 3D T2 mapping technique that uses sequential T2 -prepared segmented gradient-recalled echo (Iso3DGRE) images and lipid-insensitive binomial off-resonant radiofrequency (RF) excitation (LIBRE) at 3T. ASSESSMENT Numerical simulations and phantom experiments were performed to optimize the LIBRE pulse. Phantom studies were carried out to test the accuracy of the technique against reference standard spin-echo (SE) T2 mapping. Subsequently, T2 maps with and without LIBRE pulses were acquired in knees of healthy volunteers and the T2 relaxation time values in different cartilage compartments were compared. STATISTICAL TESTS A two-tailed paired Student's t-test was used to compare the average T2 values and the relative standard deviations (inverse measurement of the precision) obtained with and without LIBRE pulses. RESULTS A LIBRE pulse of 1 msec suppressed fat with an RF excitation frequency offset of 1560 Hz and optimal RF excitation angle of 35°. These results were corroborated by phantom and knee experiments. Robust and homogeneous fat suppression was obtained (a fat signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decrease of 86.4 ± 2.4%). In phantoms, T2 values were found in good agreement when comparing LIBRE-Iso3DGRE with SE (slope 0.93 ± 0.04, intercept 0.11 ± 1.6 msec, R2 >0.99). In vivo, LIBRE excitation resulted in more precise T2 estimation (23.7 ± 7.4%) than normal excitation (30.5 ± 9.9%, P < 0.0001). DATA CONCLUSION Homogeneous LIBRE fat signal suppression was achieved with a total RF pulse duration of 1 msec, allowing for the removal of chemical shift artifacts and resulting in improved cartilage delineation and precise T2 values. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1275-1284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colotti
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Omoumi
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Colotti R, Omoumi P, Bonanno G, Ledoux JB, van Heeswijk RB. Isotropic three-dimensionalT2mapping of knee cartilage: Development and validation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:362-371. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colotti
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Patrick Omoumi
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Bonanno
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Division of MR Research, Russell Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ledoux
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL); Lausanne Switzerland
- Centre for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ruud B. van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology; University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL); Lausanne Switzerland
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10
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Ryu YJ, Hong SH, Kim H, Choi JY, Yoo HJ, Kang Y, Park SJ, Kang HS. Fat-suppressed T 2 mapping of femoral cartilage in the porcine knee joint: A comparison with conventional T 2 mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1076-1081. [PMID: 27527688 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of fat suppression on T2 mapping of the articular cartilage in the porcine knee joint using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven porcine knee joints were harvested en bloc with intact capsules. We performed T2 mapping of the articular cartilage in the medial femoral condyle at 3T either with (fat-suppressed T2 mapping) or without (conventional T2 mapping) fat suppression in the sagittal plane under two frequency-encoding directions: from superior to inferior (SI) and inferior to superior (IS). Two observers measured the T2 values of the medial femoral condyle cartilage in four regions: in the anterior oblique, central horizontal, posterior oblique, and posterior vertical portions. We evaluated reproducibility of the fat-suppressed and conventional T2 mapping by changing the frequency-encoding direction. RESULTS The mean T2 values of fat-suppressed T2 mapping were significantly lower than those of conventional T2 mapping for five of eight comparisons (P < 0.017). The mean T2 values between fat-suppressed T2 -SI and fat-suppressed T2 -IS did not differ significantly in any region (P = 0.077-0.873). However, the mean T2 values of conventional T2 -SI were significantly lower compared with conventional T2 -IS in three of the regions (P < 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two fat-suppressed T2 maps was higher than the ICC between the two conventional T2 maps (0.276-0.800 vs. -0.032-0.455) for three regions. CONCLUSION Compared with conventional T2 mapping, fat-suppressed T2 mapping provides lower T2 values of the articular cartilage and more reproducible results for the porcine knee joint. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1076-1081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Ryu
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Hong
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Choi
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yusuhn Kang
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Sik Kang
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Thomas MS, Greenwood R, Nolan C, Malcolm PN, Toms AP. Optimizing MRI of small joints and extremities. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:e414-21. [PMID: 25073976 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining optimal images of small joints using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be technically challenging. The aim of this review is to outline the practical aspects of MRI of small joints, with reference to the underlying physical principles. Although the most important contribution to successful imaging of small joints comes from the magnet field strength and design of the receiver coil, there are a number of factors to balance including the signal-to-noise ratio, image resolution, and acquisition times. We discuss strategies to minimize artefacts from movement, inhomogeneity, chemical shift, and fat suppression. As with all MRI, each strategy comes at a price, but the benefits and costs of each approach can be fine-tuned to each combination of joint, receiver coil, and MRI machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Thomas
- Radiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.
| | - R Greenwood
- Radiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - C Nolan
- Radiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - P N Malcolm
- Radiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - A P Toms
- Radiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
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12
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Krohn M, Braum LS, Sieper J, Song IH, Weiss A, Callhoff J, Althoff CE, Hamm B, Hermann KGA. Erosions and fatty lesions of sacroiliac joints in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: evaluation of different MRI techniques and two scoring methods. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:473-80. [PMID: 24488424 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of structural damage of sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in patients with axial spondyloarthritides (axSpA) has been discussed as a useful outcome measure in clinical trials. The aim of our study was to evaluate different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring methods and pulse sequences with a focus on fatty lesions and bony erosions. METHODS Seventy-five patients with the diagnosis of axSpA underwent MRI at 3 timepoints as part of the ESTHER trial, which compared 2 groups of patients treated with etanercept or sulfasalazine. Two MRI sequences [unenhanced T1-weighted (T1w) turbo spin-echo (TSE) and unenhanced T1w opposed-phase gradient-echo sequences (opGRE)] and 2 different scoring systems (simple and comprehensive Berlin method) were used for the evaluation of fatty lesions and erosions of the SIJ. Differences between techniques and methods were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standardized response means (SRM). RESULTS Applying the simple Berlin method, mean fatty lesion scores for etanercept-treated patients were 4.59 and 5.19 at baseline and Week 48, respectively, while the comprehensive Berlin method revealed mean fatty lesion scores of 6.59 and 7.64, respectively. Corresponding SRM were 0.59 and 0.86 for simple and comprehensive methods, respectively, while ICC dropped from 0.76-0.77 to 0.59-0.62. Scoring of erosions on T1w opGRE images resulted in a higher interreader agreement (ICC of 0.65) compared to T1w TSE sequences (ICC of 0.18). CONCLUSION Better characterization of fatty lesion changes within 1 year was achieved by the comprehensive Berlin scoring method; however, more reader variation has to be taken into account. The delineation of erosions is markedly improved when using T1w opGRE pulse sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Krohn
- From the Charité Medical School, Department of Radiology, and Medical Department of Infectiology, Gastroenterology, and Rheumatology; and the German Rheumatology Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Angthong C, Yoshimura I, Kanazawa K, Takeyama A, Hagio T, Ida T, Naito M. Critical three-dimensional factors affecting outcome in osteochondral lesion of the talus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:1418-26. [PMID: 23328985 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical outcomes, patient demographics and the 3D-geometric profiles of the osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) following arthroscopic debridement and bone marrow stimulation. METHODS Between 2005 and 2011, arthroscopic debridement and bone marrow stimulation were performed on 50 ankles with OLT mean age of 36.0 (19.1) years and mean follow-up time of 35.5 (20.2) months. Clinical data were assessed using validated Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot scoring. An outcome was deemed unsatisfactory if the JSSF score was less than 80. Magnetic resonance imaging and X-rays were used to assess the 3D-geometric profiles of the OLT. RESULTS The mean preoperative and postoperative scores were 73.4 (13.6) and 89.6 (11.5), respectively (p < 0.001). Unsatisfactory outcomes were identified in 12 % of patients. Linear regression analyses showed that lesion depth and patient age were significantly negatively correlated with postoperative scores (p < 0.001). High prognostic significances were attributed to defect depth and age of patient, and cut-off values of 7.8 mm and 80 years, respectively, were recommended to avoid a postoperative score less than 80. No significant correlations between poor clinical outcome and the other lesion profiles or demographic factors were identified. CONCLUSION Using 3D-geometric and demographic profiles, defect depth and age of patient are essential prognostic factors in OLT and may act as a basis for preoperative surgical decisions. A lesion depth ≥ 7.8 mm and age ≥ 80 years predict an unsatisfactory outcome following arthroscopic debridement and bone marrow stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanin Angthong
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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MRI of the temporo-mandibular joint: which sequence is best suited to assess the cortical bone of the mandibular condyle? A cadaveric study using micro-CT as the standard of reference. Eur Radiol 2012; 22:1579-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Comparison between different implementations of the 3D FLASH sequence for knee cartilage quantification. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 25:305-12. [PMID: 22167383 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-011-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare several sequence implementations of the 3D FLASH sequence in the context of quantitative cartilage imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test-retest coronal fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequences with water excitation were acquired in knees of 12 healthy participants, using two 1.5 T scanners from the same manufacturer. On one of the scanners, the FLASH was additionally compared with a FLASH VIBE, 75% with 100% slice resolution, a non-selective with a conventional spatial pulse, and "asymmetric echo allowed" with "not allowed". RESULTS Implementations of the FLASH showed systematic differences of up to 3.3%, but these were not statistically significant. Precision errors were similar between protocols, but tended to be smallest for the FLASH VIBE with 100% slice resolution (0.6-6.7%). In the medial tibia cartilage volume and thickness differed significantly (P < 0.01; 6.2 and 5.9%) between the two scanners. CONCLUSION Using a validated FLASH sequence, one can reduce slice resolution to 75% and allow asymmetric echo without sacrificing precision, in order to reduce the total acquisition time. However, in longitudinal studies, the scanner and the specific sequence implementation should be kept constant between baseline and follow-up, in order to avoid systematic off-sets in the measurements.
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POWELL SE. Low-field standing magnetic resonance imaging findings of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint of racing Thoroughbreds with lameness localised to the region: A retrospective study of 131 horses. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:169-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Olive J, D'Anjou MA, Girard C, Laverty S, Theoret C. Fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-recalled imaging of equine metacarpophalangeal articular cartilage. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:107-15. [PMID: 20402392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the capacity of 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess articular cartilage in racehorses with naturally occurring metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. A sagittal, three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo (SPGR) with fat saturation (FS) sequence was acquired ex vivo on 20 joints. Following joint dissection, specific areas on the third metacarpal condyle were designated for subsequent sampling for histologic cartilage thickness measurement and modified Mankin scoring. Cartilage thickness was measured and cartilage signal intensity was also graded (0-3) on MR images at these selected metacarpal sites. Cartilage structure was graded (0-3) macroscopically and on MR images by two examiners in defined subregions of the proximal phalanx, third metacarpal, and proximal sesamoid bones. There was good precision (mean error 0.11 mm) and moderate correlation (r = 0.44; P < 0.0001) of cartilage thickness measurements between MR images (0.90 +/- 0.17mm) and histology (0.79 +/- 0.16 mm). There was moderate correlation between modified Mankin histologic score and signal intensity of cartilage (r = 0.36; P < 0.01) or MR cartilage structure assessment (r = 0.49, P > 0.001) on SPGR-FS. The sensitivity to detect full-thickness cartilage erosion on MR was only moderate (0.56), and these lesions were often underestimated, particularly when linear in nature. However, the specificity to detect such lesions on MR was high (0.92). While few limitations were identified, the use of a clinically applicable SPGR-FS sequence allows a reasonably accurate method to assess structural changes affecting the articular cartilage of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Olive
- Département de biomédecine yétérinaire, Faculte de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montreal, 3200 rue Sicotte, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Branch MV, Murray RC, Dyson SJ, Goodship AE. Is there a characteristic distal tarsal subchondral bone plate thickness pattern in horses with no history of hindlimb lameness? Equine Vet J 2010; 37:450-5. [PMID: 16163948 DOI: 10.2746/042516405774479951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of distal tarsal pain, but disease development is poorly understood. Awareness of normal tarsal structure and function is important in order to understand the pathogenesis of OA. Thickening of the subchondral bone (SCB) plate has been related to the development of OA, but SCB plate patterns in the equine tarsus have not been documented. HYPOTHESES There is a repeatable pattern of SCB thickness across the distal tarsal joints, and specifically that thickness would be greatest dorsally and laterally. METHODS Twenty cadaver tarsi were collected from mature horses that had undertaken low-level exercise only with no history of hindlimb lameness. Magnetic resonance images were acquired using a high-resolution sagittal 3-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence. Subchondral bone thickness was measured on sagittal images at dorsal and plantar locations on the proximal and distal aspects of the central (CT) and third (T3) tarsal bones and proximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone (Mt3). RESULTS On the proximal aspect of CT, medial and lateral SCB thickness were significantly greater than midline. On the distal aspect of CT and T3 and proximal Mt3, lateral SCB thickness was significantly greater than medial and midline sites. Dorsal SCB thickness was greatest on the proximal and distal aspects of CT and proximal Mt3. Subchondral bone accounted for a greater proportion of CT and T3 on the dorsal aspect than the plantar. CONCLUSIONS There is a repeatable pattern of SCB thickness in the distal tarsal bones of horses with no history of hindlimb lameness. This reflects the pattern of loading across the joints. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE This study provides evidence of a consistent osteochondral pattern in the equine tarsus for reference in identification of osteoarticular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Branch
- Centre for Equine Studies, The Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
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Branch MV, Murray RC, Dyson SJ, Goodship AE. Alteration of distal tarsal subchondral bone thickness pattern in horses with tarsal pain. Equine Vet J 2010; 39:101-5. [PMID: 17378437 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x166756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Understanding of the development of pathology and source of pain in distal tarsal osteoarthritis is poorly understood. Magnetic resonance imaging is often used in the analysis of human osteoarthritis (OA) because it is sensitive to early changes. HYPOTHESIS In association with distal tarsal joint (DTJ) pain, there will be an alteration in the characteristic subchondral bone (SCB) thickness pattern of horses with no history of pain when subjected to low-level exercise. METHODS Sixteen cadaver tarsal joints were collected from 9 mature horses with a history of tarsal pain and radiographic evidence of OA; 3 cadaver tarsi were collected from 2 mature horses with a history of tarsal pain and no radiographic abnormality. Magnetic resonance images were acquired using high-resolution sagittal 3D T1 weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence. Subchondral bone thickness was measured on sagittal images at dorsal and plantar locations on the proximal and distal aspects of the central (CT) and third (T3) tarsal bones and proximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone (MT3). RESULTS In tarsi with radiographic evidence of OA medial and lateral SCB thicknesses were greater than midline on the proximal and distal aspects of CT and T3. Lateral SCB thickness was greater than medial on the proximal aspect of MT3. There was an increase in SCB thickness at the majority of sites compared with normal horses. There were too few joints in the group without radiographic changes to analyse statistically. In painful tarsi SCB thickness was greater medially than laterally at all sites. In horses without tarsal pain all lateral sites had greater SCB thickness, except the proximal aspect of CT. CONCLUSIONS There is alteration of normal SCB thickness patterns in painful tarsi. Different thickness patterns could represent different types of pathological processes. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE Further work is required to elucidate the pathological processes leading to OA of the DTJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Branch
- Centre for Equine Studies, The Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
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Standing magnetic resonance imaging detection of bone marrow oedema-type signal pattern associated with subcarpal pain in 8 racehorses: A prospective study. Equine Vet J 2009; 42:10-7. [DOI: 10.2746/042516409x471467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Roemer FW, Hunter DJ, Guermazi A. Semiquantitative assessment of synovitis in osteoarthritis on non contrast-enhanced MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:820-1; author reply 822-824. [PMID: 19070515 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mechlenburg I. Evaluation of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy: prospective studies examining projected load-bearing area, bone density, cartilage thickness and migration. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2008; 79:4-43. [PMID: 18853289 DOI: 10.1080/17453690610046558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The typical dysplastic hip joint is characterised by maldirection of the acetabulum and femoral neck, insufficient coverage of the femoral head focally and globally and erosions of the limbus acetabuli (1). An unknown number of persons with hip dysplasia will suffer from pain in hip or groin, decreased hip function and development of osteoarthritis at a young age. The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is performed to prevent osteoarthritis in patients with hip dysplasia and has been carried out at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark since 1996 with more than 500 osteotomies performed. Throughout the years, research and quality improvement of the treatment has taken place and this PhD thesis is part of that process. The aims of this PhD thesis were to evaluate outcome aspects after periacetabular osteotomy in terms of I) estimating the projected loadbearing surface before and after periacetabular osteotomy, II) estimating bone density changes in the acetabulum after periacetabular osteotomy, III) developing a technique to precisely and efficiently estimate the thickness of the articular cartilage in the hip joint and IV) examining the stability of the re-orientated acetabulum after periacetabular osteotomy. In study I, we applied a stereologic method based on 3D computed tomography (CT) to estimate the projected loadbearing surface in six normal hip joints and in six dysplastic hips. The dysplastic hips were CT scanned before and after periacetabular osteotomy. We found that the average area of the projected loadbearing surface of the femoral head preoperatively was 7.4 (range 6.5-8.4) cm2 and postoperatively 11 (9.8-14.3) cm2. The area of the projected loadbearing surface was increased significantly with a mean of 49% (34-70%) postoperatively and thus comparable with the load-bearing surface in the normal control group. Double measurements were performed and the error variance of the mean was estimated to be 1.6%. The effect of overprojection, on the projected loadbearing surface was minimal. Consequently, the stereo-logic method proved to be precise and unbiased. The study indicates that this method is applicable in monitoring the loadbearing area in the hip joint of patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy. In study II, a method based on CT and 3D design-based sampling principles was used to estimate bone density in different regions of the acetabulum. Baseline density was measured within the first seven days following periacetabular osteotomy and compared with density two years postoperatively. Double measurements were performed on three patients, and the error variance was estimated to be 0.05. Six patients with hip dysplasia scheduled for periacetabular osteotomy were consecutively included in the study. Bone density increased significantly in the anteromedial quadrant of the acetabulum as well as in the posteromedial quadrant between the two time-points. In the anterolateral quadrant bone density was unchanged following surgery, and the same was true for the posterolateral quadrant. We suggest that the observed increase in bone density medially represents a remodelling response to an altered load distribution after periacetabular osteotomy. The described method is a precise tool to estimate bone density changes in the acetabulum. Study III. As periacetabular osteotomy is performed on dysplastic hips to prevent osteoarthritic progression, changes in the thickness of the articular cartilage is a central variable to follow over time. 26 dysplastic hips on 22 females and 4 males were magnetic resonance imaged (MRI) preoperatively. The first 13 patients were examined twice, with complete repositioning of the patient and set-up in order to obtain an estimate of the precision of the method used. To show the acetabular and femoral cartilages separately, an ankle traction device was used during MRI. This device pulled the leg distally with a load of 10 kg. The mean thickness of the acetabular cartilage was 1.26 mm, SD 0.04 mm. The mean thickness of the femoral cartilage was 1.18 mm, SD 0.06. The precision calculated as the error variance was estimated for the thickness of the acetabular cartilage to 0.01 and femoral cartilage 0.02. We suggest that the method can be advantageous for assessing the progression of osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips after periacetabular osteotomy. In study IV, 32 dysplastic hips, 27 females and 5 males were included in the study. Radiostereometric examinations (RSA) were done at one week, four weeks, eight weeks and six months. Data are presented as mean + SD. Six months postoperatively, the acetabular fragment had migrated 0.7 mm + 0.8 medially, and 0.7 mm + 0.5 proximally. Mean rotation in adduction was 0.5 degrees + 1.3. In other directions, mean migration was below 0.5 mm/degrees. There was no statistical difference between migration 8 weeks and 24 weeks postoperatively in translation or rotation. Due to the limited migration, we find our postoperative partial weight-bearing regime safe. In conclusion, the studies in the present PhD thesis indicate that the projected loadbearing area of the hip joint increases considerable in patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy and a method to estimate this area was described. Bone density increases in the medial quadrants two years postoperative and a method is developed to precisely estimate bone density on CT images. Also a method to precisely estimate cartilage thickness was presented and we suggest that the method can be advantageous for assessing the progression of osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips after periacetabular osteotomy. Due to the very limited migration of the acetabular fragment fixated with two screws, we find our fixation sufficient and the postoperative partial weight-bearing regimen safe.
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Mechlenburg I, Nyengaard JR, Gelineck J, Soballe K. Cartilage thickness in the hip joint measured by MRI and stereology--a methodological study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:366-71. [PMID: 17174117 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a precise and efficient method for estimating the thickness of the articular cartilage in the hip joint and hence three different stereologic methods were tested based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. DESIGN Twenty two females and four males with hip dysplasia underwent MRI. The thickness of the femoral and acetabular cartilage was estimated. RESULTS The results for all three methods showed that the observed total variance on cartilage thickness is small. The mean thickness of the acetabular cartilage measured by the three different methods ranged between 1.15 mm and 1.46 mm. The mean thickness for the femoral cartilage measured by the three different methods ranged between 1.18 mm and 1.78 mm. The measurements took 15-20 min per hip to carry out. CONCLUSION Methods 1 and 3 are as precise but we favour method 3 because the measurements are done on images obtained through the center of the femoral head which means that the cartilage surface is intersected perpendicular and partial volume effect avoided. We suggest that this method can be advantageous for assessing the progression of osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips after periacetabular osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mechlenburg
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark.
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Murray RC, Branch MV, Tranquille C, Woods S. Validation of magnetic resonance imaging for measurement of equine articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness. Am J Vet Res 2005; 66:1999-2005. [PMID: 16334962 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate use of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) for measurement of equine articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness by comparison with measurements in histologic specimens. SAMPLE POPULATION 32 cadaveric carpal joints from 16 horses. PROCEDURE Magnetic resonance imaging was performed by use of 3-dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) and T2* 3-dimensional fast gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences with and without fat saturation. Standard sites on the medial and lateral facets of the intermediate, radial, and third carpal bones were used for subchondral bone and articular cartilage thickness measurements. Digital image analysis software was used for MRI measurements 10 mm from the dorsal extent and perpendicular to the articular surface. Histomorphometric measurements of hyaline, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone thickness were obtained at selected sites. Comparisons between histomorphometric and MRI measurements and between magnetic resonance pulse sequences were evaluated. RESULTS There were significant correlations between GRE and SPGR and SPGR and histologic measurements of articular cartilage, with no significant difference between measurements and good agreement. When calcified cartilage was excluded from the histologic measurement, MRI measurements were significantly greater than histologic measurements. For subchondral bone thickness, there was significant correlation between GRE and SPGR but GRE was significantly greater than SPGR measurements. Histomorphometric and MRI measurements were strongly correlated and not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Magnetic resonance imaging provides a good representation of cartilage and subchondral bone thickness, supporting its use in the study and clinical diagnosis of osteochondral structure and alteration.
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Oeppen RS, Connolly SA, Bencardino JT, Jaramillo D. Acute Injury of the Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone:A Common but Unrecognized Lesion in the Immature Knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182:111-7. [PMID: 14684522 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.182.1.1820111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the prevalence of injuries of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone after acute trauma in skeletally immature knees using high-resolution MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed knee MRIs of 126 young children and adolescents suspected to have internal knee derangement, including 82 with open physes and a control group of 44 who were skeletally mature. High-resolution proton density and T2-weighted pulse sequences were used in all patients. The prevalence of common injuries in the two groups was compared using chi-square analysis. Levels of interobserver agreement for evaluation of chondral lesions in the skeletally immature group were determined using the kappa statistic. RESULTS In the skeletally immature group, chondral lesions were the most prevalent injuries (prevalence = 0.34, p = 0.009) followed by meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament injuries (prevalence = 0.23 and 0.24, respectively). No significant difference in the prevalence of chondral injury before and after physeal closure was seen (p = 0.45). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries between the two groups, but meniscal injuries were more prevalent in the skeletally mature patients (prevalence = 0.41, p = 0.037). Interobserver agreement for chondral injuries in the group with open physes was good (weighted kappa = 0.45-0.51). CONCLUSION The most common injuries occurring as a result of acute trauma to the immature knee were chondral. In patients with open physes, chondral injuries were significantly more prevalent than anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Oeppen
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 32 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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McGibbon CA. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of subchondral bone and cartilage thickness measurement from MRI☆. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21:707-14. [PMID: 14559334 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(03)00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MRI is often used to visualize and quantify the articular cartilage layer of load bearing joints affected by degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Although the role played by the subchondral bone in the etiology and/or progression of OA may be important, the ability to visualize and quantify subchondral bone with MRI has received little attention. In this report we examined the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of subchondral bone and cartilage thickness measurements from MR images of cadaver femoral head specimens. A 3D-SPGR pulse sequence tuned to eliminate chemical shift artifact through phase cancellation was used to image the specimens. Three raters manually segmented four specimens on two different occasions. Subchondral bone and cartilage thickness measurements were calculated from the segmented images. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities were very high (>.98) for both cartilage and subchondral bone thickness measurements. We conclude that subchondral bone thickness can be measured as reliably as cartilage thickness from MR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A McGibbon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Biomotion Laboratory, MGH Institute of Health Professions and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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McGibbon CA, Trahan CA. Measurement accuracy of focal cartilage defects from MRI and correlation of MRI graded lesions with histology: a preliminary study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003; 11:483-93. [PMID: 12814611 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-4584(03)00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although accurate spatial measurement of cartilage thickness from MRI is possible, no studies have assessed the accuracy of measuring cartilage defect dimensions from MRI. In addition, current MR grading scales for assessing cartilage lesions have limited categories, and little is known about how well these scales correlate with histological assessment of the lesion. The objective of this preliminary study is to address both these issues. METHODS We performed two experiments on four cadaver knee joints from elderly donors: Experiment 1 assessed the accuracy of measuring controlled defects in cartilage, and Experiment 2 compared MRI grading (Noyes scale) of natural cartilage lesions to histological grading (Mankin scale) of the sectioned cartilage tissue. MRI was performed on 1.5 T clinical scanner (fat-suppressed 3D-SPGR at TR/TE/alpha=55/13.5/45 and 256 x 256 matrix). RESULTS The mean difference between defect diameters measured and introduced was less than 0.1mm, which was statistically insignificant (P=0.754). Defect depth was less accurate at >0.4mm, significantly under predicting actual defect depth (P=0.004). Correlation between Noyes grading scores and Mankin grading scores of natural lesions was moderately high (r=0.7) and statistically significant (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional mapping of cartilage thickness shows great promise for the accurate measurement of focal cartilage defects, though improvement is needed. The Noyes grading scale is consistent with histological Mankin grading of cartilage lesions, though enhancement of MR grading scales is needed, and warranted, based on the signal intensity information available from clinical MRI. Integration of these two analyses-focal defect measurement and signal intensity analysis-could potentially result in a valuable clinical tool for early osteoarthritis diagnosis and longitudinal tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A McGibbon
- Biomotion Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Ruth Sleeper Hall, Room 010, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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