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Thiel TA, Valentin B, Ullrich T, Boschheidgen M, Schimmöller L, Benkert T, Al-Monajjed R, Ljimani A, Antoch G, Jasse J, Bechler E, Wittsack HJ. Spectral Diffusion Analysis in Patients With High Risk for Prostate Cancer: A Feasibility Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38581176 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Thiel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Birte Valentin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Ullrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Boschheidgen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Schimmöller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benkert
- MR Application Development, Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rouvier Al-Monajjed
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ljimani
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Antoch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Jasse
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Bechler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Core Facility for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhao W, Ju S, Yang H, Wang Q, Fang L, Pylypenko D, Wang W. Improved Value of Multiplexed Sensitivity Encoding DWI with Reversed Polarity Gradients in Diagnosing Prostate Cancer: A Comparison Study with Single-Shot DWI and MUSE DWI. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:909-920. [PMID: 37778902 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the value of multiplexed sensitivity encoding with reversed polarity gradients in improving the quality of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images of the prostate and the diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three patients with prostate disease underwent multiplexed sensitivity encoding with reversed polarity gradients (RPG-MUSE), multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE), and single-shot echo-planar imaging (ssEPI) DWI. Three radiologists performed a qualitative image analysis of the three DWI sequences. Qualitative image analysis included artifact minimization, anatomical detail, and sharpness of prostate edges. Two radiologists measured the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), geometric distortion rate, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the prostate disease tissue. Two radiologists jointly performed Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scoring of prostate lesions and compared the diagnostic efficacy of the three DWI sequences for prostate cancer. RESULTS There was good agreement among radiologists in the evaluation and measurement of the three DWI sequence images (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75, P < 0.05). The RPG-MUSE DWI images were rated higher than those of MUSE and ssEPI in terms of artifact minimization, anatomical details, and sharpness of prostate edges (P < 0.05). The SNR and CNR of the RPG-MUSE DWI images were higher than those of MUSE and ssEPI (P < 0.05), and the geometric distortion rate was lower than that of the other two sequences (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in ADC values between the three DWI sequences (P > 0.05). The diagnostic efficacy of RPG-MUSE and MUSE DWI was higher than that of ssEPI (P < 0.017). CONCLUSION RPG-MUSE can reduce the artifacts and geometric distortion in DWI images of the prostate, improve the SNR and CNR of the images, improve the clarity of anatomical details and boundaries without affecting the measurement of ADC values, has the potential to improve the diagnostic efficacy of prostate lesions, and facilitates the clear display and accurate assessment of prostate lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (W.Z., S.J., H.Y., Q.W., L.F., W.W.)
| | - Shiying Ju
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (W.Z., S.J., H.Y., Q.W., L.F., W.W.)
| | - Hongyang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (W.Z., S.J., H.Y., Q.W., L.F., W.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (W.Z., S.J., H.Y., Q.W., L.F., W.W.)
| | - Longjiang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (W.Z., S.J., H.Y., Q.W., L.F., W.W.)
| | | | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China (W.Z., S.J., H.Y., Q.W., L.F., W.W.).
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3
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Møller JM, Boesen L, Hansen AE, Kettles K, Løgager V. Quantification of cross-vendor variation in ADC measurements in vendor-specific prostate MRI-protocols. Eur J Radiol 2023; 165:110942. [PMID: 37364483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify the variability of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and test if there were statistically significant differences in ADC between MRI systems and sequences. METHOD With a two-chamber cylindrical ADC phantom with fixed ADC values (1,000 and 1,600x10-6 mm2/s) a single-shot (ss) Echo Planar Imaging (EPI), a multi-shot EPI, a reduced field of view DWI (zoom) and a Turbo Spin Echo DWI sequence were tested in six MRI systems from three vendors at 1.5 T and 3 T. Technical parameters were according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2.1. ADC maps were calculated by vendor specific algorithms. Absolute and relative differences in ADC from the phantom-ADC were calculated and differences between sequences were tested. RESULTS At 3 T absolute differences from phantom given ADC (∼1,000 and ∼ 1,600x10-6 mm2/s) were -83 - 42x10-6 mm2/s (-8.3%-4.2%) and -48 - 15x10-6 mm2/s (-3%-0.9%), respectively and at 1.5 T absolute differences were -81 - 26x10-6 mm2/s (-2.6%-8.1%) and -74 - 67x10-6 mm2/s (-4.6%-4.2%), respectively. Significant statistical differences in ADC measurements were identified between vendors in all sequences except for ssEPI and zoom at 3 T in the 1,600x10-6 mm2/s phantom chamber. Significant differences were also identified between ADC measurements at 1.5 T and 3 T in some of the sequences and vendors, but not all. CONCLUSION The variation of ADC between different MRI systems and prostate specific DWI sequences is limited in this phantom study and without apparent clinical relevance. However, prospective multicenter studies of prostate cancer patients are needed for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob M Møller
- Dep. of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark, Borgmester Ib Juuls vej 17, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Lars Boesen
- Dep. of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Adam Espe Hansen
- Dep of radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and dep. of clinical medicine Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vibeke Løgager
- Dep. of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark
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4
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Wu T, Liu C, Thamizhchelvan AM, Fleischer C, Peng X, Liu G, Mao H. Label-Free Chemically and Molecularly Selective Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:121-139. [PMID: 37235188 PMCID: PMC10207347 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging, especially molecular imaging, has been a driving force in scientific discovery, technological innovation, and precision medicine in the past two decades. While substantial advances and discoveries in chemical biology have been made to develop molecular imaging probes and tracers, translating these exogenous agents to clinical application in precision medicine is a major challenge. Among the clinically accepted imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) exemplify the most effective and robust biomedical imaging tools. Both MRI and MRS enable a broad range of chemical, biological and clinical applications from determining molecular structures in biochemical analysis to imaging diagnosis and characterization of many diseases and image-guided interventions. Using chemical, biological, and nuclear magnetic resonance properties of specific endogenous metabolites and native MRI contrast-enhancing biomolecules, label-free molecular and cellular imaging with MRI can be achieved in biomedical research and clinical management of patients with various diseases. This review article outlines the chemical and biological bases of several label-free chemically and molecularly selective MRI and MRS methods that have been applied in imaging biomarker discovery, preclinical investigation, and image-guided clinical management. Examples are provided to demonstrate strategies for using endogenous probes to report the molecular, metabolic, physiological, and functional events and processes in living systems, including patients. Future perspectives on label-free molecular MRI and its challenges as well as potential solutions, including the use of rational design and engineered approaches to develop chemical and biological imaging probes to facilitate or combine with label-free molecular MRI, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Wu
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Claire Liu
- F.M.
Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Anbu Mozhi Thamizhchelvan
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Candace Fleischer
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xingui Peng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of
Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School
of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M.
Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hui Mao
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Kanesvaran R, Castro E, Wong A, Fizazi K, Chua MLK, Zhu Y, Malhotra H, Miura Y, Lee JL, Chong FLT, Pu YS, Yen CC, Saad M, Lee HJ, Kitamura H, Prabhash K, Zou Q, Curigliano G, Poon E, Choo SP, Peters S, Lim E, Yoshino T, Pentheroudakis G. Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with prostate cancer. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100518. [PMID: 35797737 PMCID: PMC9434138 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of prostate cancer was published in 2020. It was therefore decided, by both the ESMO and the Singapore Society of Oncology (SSO), to convene a special, virtual guidelines meeting in November 2021 to adapt the ESMO 2020 guidelines to take into account the differences associated with the treatment of prostate cancer in Asia. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), Singapore (SSO) and Taiwan (TOS). The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of the current treatment practices and drug access restrictions in the different Asian countries. The latter were discussed when appropriate. The aim is to provide guidance for the optimisation and harmonisation of the management of patients with prostate cancer across the different regions of Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kanesvaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - E Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - A Wong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - M L K Chua
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - H Malhotra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sri Ram Cancer Center, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Y Miura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J L Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - F L T Chong
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Sabah Women and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Y-S Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Yen
- Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Saad
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H Kitamura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Q Zou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS and University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Poon
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - S P Choo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Medical Oncology, Curie Oncology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Peters
- Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Hosseiny M, Sung KH, Felker E, Suvannarerg V, Tubtawee T, Shafa A, Arora KR, Ching J, Gulati A, Azadikhah A, Zhong X, Sayre J, Lu D, Raman SS. Read-out Segmented Echo Planar Imaging with Two-Dimensional Navigator Correction (RESOLVE): An Alternative Sequence to Improve Image Quality on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Prostate. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211165. [PMID: 35671135 PMCID: PMC10162059 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate if the use of read-out segmented echoplanar imaging with additional two-dimensional navigator correction (Readout Segmentation of Long Variable Echo, RESOLVE) for acquiring prostate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) improves image quality, compared to single-shot echoplanar imaging (ss-EPI). METHODS This single-center prospective study cohort included 162 males with suspected prostate cancer, who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI (3T-mpMRI). Two abdominal radiologists, blinded to the clinical information, separately reviewed each 3T-mpMRI study to rank geometrical distortion, degree of rectal distention, lesion conspicuity, and anatomic details delineation first on ss-EPI-DWI and later on RESOLVE-DWI using 5-point scales (1 = excellent, 5 = poor). The average of the ranking scores given by two readers was generated and used as the final score. RESULTS There was good-to-excellent interreader agreement for scoring image quality parameters on both ss-EPI and RESOLVE. Geometrical distortion scores > 3 was seen in 12.3% (20/162) of ss-EPI images, with all having geometrical distortion score <3 on RESOLVE (p < .001). The mean image distortion score was significantly less on RESOLVE than ss-EPI (1.16 vs 1.61, p < .01 regardless of rectal gas, p< .05 when stratified by the degree of rectal distention ). RESOLVE was superior to ss-EPI for lesion conspicuity (mean 1.35 vs 1.53, p< .002) and anatomic delineation (2.60 vs 2.68, p< .001) of prostate on DWI. CONCLUSION Compared to conventional ss-EPI, the use of RESOLVE for acquisition of prostate DWI resulted in significantly enhanced image quality and reduced geometrical distortion. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE RESOLVE could be an alternative or replacement of ss-EPI for acquiring prostate DWI with significantly less geometrical distortion and significantly improved lesion conspicuity and anatomic delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Hosseiny
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Kyung Hyun Sung
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ely Felker
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Voraparee Suvannarerg
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | | | - Ariel Shafa
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Krishan R. Arora
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Justin Ching
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anjalie Gulati
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Afshin Azadikhah
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- Siemens Healthcare, MR R&D Collaborations, Lilburn, Georgia, United States
| | - James Sayre
- Department of Bioinformatics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Caroli A. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Clinical Potential and Applications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3339. [PMID: 35743409 PMCID: PMC9224775 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in the 1980s [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caroli
- Bioengineering Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24020 Ranica, BG, Italy
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8
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Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Techniques: Technical Principles and Applications in Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071626. [PMID: 35406399 PMCID: PMC8997011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a consolidated imaging tool for the multiparametric assessment of tissues in various pathologies from degenerative and inflammatory diseases to cancer. In recent years, the continuous technological evolution of the equipment has led to the development of sequences that provide not only anatomical but also functional and metabolic information. In addition, there is a growing and emerging field of research in clinical applications using MRI to exploit the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of nanocompounds. This review illustrates the application of the most advanced magnetic resonance techniques in the field of nanomedicine. Abstract In the last decades, nanotechnology has been used in a wide range of biomedical applications, both diagnostic and therapeutic. In this scenario, imaging techniques represent a fundamental tool to obtain information about the properties of nanoconstructs and their interactions with the biological environment in preclinical and clinical settings. This paper reviews the state of the art of the application of magnetic resonance imaging in the field of nanomedicine, as well as the use of nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, especially in cancer, including the characteristics that hinder the use of nanoparticles in clinical practice.
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