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Capó X, Martorell M, Ferrer MD, Sureda A, Pons V, Domingo JC, Drobnic F, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Leyva-Vela B, Sarabia JM, Herranz-López M, Roche E, Tur JA, Pons A. Calorie Restriction Improves Physical Performance and Modulates the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Responses to Acute Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040930. [PMID: 32230858 PMCID: PMC7230395 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to characterize the effects of calorie restriction on the anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of sportsmen and to evaluate the effects of calorie restriction and acute exercise on mitochondria energetics, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Twenty volunteer taekwondo practitioners undertook a calorie restriction of 30-40% on three alternate days a week for one month. Eleven volunteer sportsmen participated as controls. Both groups performed an energy efficiency test to evaluate physical performance, and samples were taken before and after exercise. The total weight of participants significantly decreased (5.9%) after calorie restriction, while the efficiency of work and the contributions of fat to obtain energy were enhanced by calorie restriction. No significant differences induced by acute exercise were observed in individual non-esterified fatty acid percentage or oxidative stress markers. Calorie restriction downregulated the basal gene expression of nitric oxide synthase, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, and repairing stress proteins, but it enhanced the expression of sirtuins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, one month of calorie restriction decreases body weight and increases physical performance, enhancing energy efficiency, moderating the antioxidant and inflammatory basal gene expression, and influencing its response to acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Capó
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Miguel D. Ferrer
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria Pons
- Performance and Health Research Group for High Level Sports, High Performance Center of Barcelona, 08174 Sant Cugat, Spain; (V.P.); (F.D.)
| | - Juan C. Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Performance and Health Research Group for High Level Sports, High Performance Center of Barcelona, 08174 Sant Cugat, Spain; (V.P.); (F.D.)
| | | | | | - José M. Sarabia
- Sport Research Center, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development, and Innovation in Biotechnolgy of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernández. Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-173-171
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Effect of Free Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Ex Vivo Blood Mononuclear Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010146. [PMID: 31947975 PMCID: PMC7019607 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess free fatty acids’ (FAs) ex vivo anti-/proinflammatory capabilities and their influence on inflammatory gene expression and H2O2 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Anthropometric and clinical measurements were performed in 26 participants with metabolic syndrome. Isolated PBMCs were incubated ex vivo for 2 h with several free fatty acids—palmitic, oleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic at 50 μM, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination. H2O2 production and IL6, NFκB, TLR2, TNFα, and COX-2 gene expressions were determined. Palmitic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acids showed minor effects on inflammatory gene expression, whereas oleic, α-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids reduced proinflammatory gene expression in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. Arachidonic and α-linolenic acids treatment enhanced LPS-stimulated H2O2 production by PBMCs, while palmitic, oleic, γ-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids did not exert significant effects. Oleic, α-linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acids induced anti-inflammatory responses in PBMCs. Arachidonic and α-linolenic acids enhanced the oxidative status of LPS-stimulated PBMCs. In conclusion, PBMC ex vivo assays are useful to assess the anti-/proinflammatory and redox-modulatory effects of fatty acids or other food bioactive compounds.
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Arechavala-Lopez P, Capó X, Oliver-Codorniú M, Sillero-Rios J, Busquets-Cortés C, Sanchez-Jerez P, Sureda A. Fatty acids and elemental composition as biomarkers of Octopus vulgaris populations: Does origin matter? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:299-310. [PMID: 30686431 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the novel use of fatty acids (FAs) and element profiles of Octopus vulgaris inhabiting three coastal areas in the W-Mediterranean Sea. These populations are exposed to different anthropogenic activities, and were compared at different geographical scales. The FA composition in the mantle of O. vulgaris exhibited significant differences in 22:6 n-3 (DHA) and 22:5 n-3 (EPA) among the sampled populations. The essential microelements Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni, and the non-essential microelements As, Sr, Al and Cd were the main contributors of variability among sampled octopus populations, with some notable differences among tissues. The variations in the FAs and elemental composition in octopus tissues were detected with other populations throughout the species distribution range, which might reflect differences in natural habitats and foraging strategies. Therefore, these may be considered biomarkers as a proxy to distinguish the origin of octopus specimens at different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arechavala-Lopez
- Fish Ecology Group, Department of Ecology of Marine Resources, Mediterranean Institute of Advance Studies (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - X Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - M Oliver-Codorniú
- Fish Ecology Group, Department of Ecology of Marine Resources, Mediterranean Institute of Advance Studies (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - J Sillero-Rios
- Fish Ecology Group, Department of Ecology of Marine Resources, Mediterranean Institute of Advance Studies (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - C Busquets-Cortés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - P Sanchez-Jerez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Capó X, Martorell M, Busquets-Cortés C, Sureda A, Riera J, Drobnic F, Tur JA, Pons A. Effects of dietary almond- and olive oil-based docosahexaenoic acid- and vitamin E-enriched beverage supplementation on athletic performance and oxidative stress markers. Food Funct 2018; 7:4920-4934. [PMID: 27841405 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional beverages based on almonds and olive oil and enriched with α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could be useful in modulating oxidative stress and enhancing physical performance in sportsmen. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with functional beverages on physical performance, plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids' and polyphenol handling, oxidative and nitrative damage, and antioxidant and mitochondrial gene expression in young and senior athletes. Athletes performed maximal exercise tests before and after one month of dietary supplementation and blood samples were taken immediately before and one hour after each test. The beverages did not alter performance parameters during maximal exercise. Supplementation increased polyunsaturated and reduced saturated plasma fatty acids while increasing the DHA erythrocyte content; it maintained basal plasma and blood polyphenol levels, but increased the blood cell polyphenol concentration in senior athletes. Supplementation protects against oxidative damage although it enhances nitrative damage in young athletes. The beverages enhance the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after exercise in young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - M Martorell
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - C Busquets-Cortés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - J Riera
- Sports Physiology Dept. CAR, Sant Cugat del Valles, GIRSANE, Barcelona 08174, Spain
| | - F Drobnic
- Sports Physiology Dept. CAR, Sant Cugat del Valles, GIRSANE, Barcelona 08174, Spain
| | - J A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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