1
|
Cumming SP, Pi-Rusiñol R, Rodas G, Drobnic F, Rogol AD. The validity of automatic methods for estimating skeletal age in young athletes: a comparison of the BAUSport ultrasound system and BoneXpert with the radiographic method of Fels. Biol Sport 2024; 41:61-67. [PMID: 38188108 PMCID: PMC10765447 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.127380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the validity of two automated methods (BAUSport, BoneXpert software using Fels, Greulich-Pyle, Tanner-Whithouse III protocols) for estimating skeletal age (SA) in young athletes in comparison to a reference standard (Fels). 85 male and female athletes, nine to seventeen years of age, from multiple sports were assessed for SA as part of an annual medical and health screening programme. Intra-class correlations demonstrated high degrees of association between the automatic methods for estimating SA (BAUSport r = .98; BoneXpert r = .96-.99) and the discrepancy between SA and chronological age (SA-CA) (BAUSport r = .93; BoneXpert r = .88-.97), with the reference standard. Concordance analyses for the categorisation of participants as early, on-time and late maturing also demonstrated substantial levels of agreement for both methods (BAUSport Kappa = .71; BoneXpert Fels Kappa = .63) with the reference standard. Bland-Altman plots comparing the automatic methods with the reference standard identified statistically significant fixed biases, ranging in magnitude from small to large. Collectively, these results suggest that BoneXpert and BAUSport can provide comparable estimates of SA and SA-CA in young athletes relative to the Fels method. Biases in the estimation of SA should, however, be considered and the automatic methods should be implemented as part of a comprehensive growth and maturity screening protocol. The non-invasive nature of the BAUSport method affords particular advantages (no radiation exposure, portability) in contexts where the regular estimation of SA is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gil Rodas
- FC Barcelona, Futbol Club Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- FC Barcelona, Futbol Club Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan D Rogol
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Córdova A, Caballero-García A, Drobnic F, Roche E, Noriega DC. Influence of Stress and Emotions in the Learning Process: The Example of COVID-19 on University Students: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1787. [PMID: 37372905 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional instability and stress are the main disturbances that condition the learning process, affecting both teachers and students. The main objective of this review is to analyze the influence of stress and emotions (as part of stress) on the learning environment. Stress is a physiological mechanism that the organism develops to adapt and survive external and internal challenges. In this context, stress tends to be seen as a negative condition in the learning process when it is chronic. Extreme stress situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can generate anxiety and frustration in students. However, other studies indicate that controlled stress can positively enhance the learning process. On the other hand, the quality and intensity of emotions resulting from stress can influence as well the learning process. Positive emotions are healthy and can promote optimal learning. Emotions lead to sentimental, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological changes, which will have a strong influence on intellectual performance. The activation of coping strategies constitutes a key mechanism for dealing positively with problems and challenges, generating positive emotions essential for the self-regulation of learning. In conclusion, correct management of emotions in stressful situations could promote effective learning through enhanced attention and capacity to solve problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova
- Department de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIR: "Ejercicio Físico y Envejecimiento", Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Universitario "Los Pajaritos", 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, GIR: "Ejercicio Físico y Envejecimiento", Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Universitario "Los Pajaritos", 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services Wolverhampton Wanderers FC, Wolverhampton WV3 9BF, UK
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - David C Noriega
- Department Cirugía, Oftalmología, Otorrinolaringología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Departamento de Columna Vertebral, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caballero-García A, Noriega-González DC, Roche E, Drobnic F, Córdova A. Effects of L-Carnitine Intake on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112587. [PMID: 37299549 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage results in decreased physical performance that is accompanied by an inflammatory response in muscle tissue. The inflammation process occurs with the infiltration of phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) that play a key role in the repair and regeneration of muscle tissue. In this context, high intensity or long-lasting exercise results in the breakdown of cell structures. The removal of cellular debris is performed by infiltrated phagocytes, but with the release of free radicals as collateral products. L-carnitine is a key metabolite in cellular energy metabolism, but at the same time, it exerts antioxidant actions in the neuromuscular system. L-carnitine eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that, in excess, alter DNA, lipids and proteins, disturbing cell function. Supplementation using L-carnitine results in an increase in serum L-carnitine levels that correlates positively with the decrease in cell alterations induced by oxidative stress situations, such as hypoxia. The present narrative scoping review focuses on the critical evaluation of the efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage, particularly in postexercise inflammatory and oxidative damage. Although both concepts appear associated, only in two studies were evaluated together. In addition, other studies explored the effect of L-carnitine in perception of fatigue and delayed onset of muscle soreness. In view of the studies analyzed and considering the role of L-carnitine in muscle bioenergetics and its antioxidant potential, this supplement could help in postexercise recovery. However, further studies are needed to conclusively clarify the mechanisms underlying these protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - David C Noriega-González
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services Wolverhampton Wanderers FC, Wolverhampton WV3 9BF, UK
| | - Alfredo Córdova
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amani A, Bellver M, Del Rio L, Torrella JR, Lizarraga A, Humbert L, Drobnic F. Femur 3D-DXA Assessment in Female Football Players, Swimmers, and Sedentary Controls. Int J Sports Med 2023. [PMID: 35995142 DOI: 10.1055/a-1928-9824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cortical thickness and surface BMD (sBMD, density-to-thickness ratio) were analyzed in the proximal femur of elite female football players and artistic swimmers using three-dimensional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (3D-DXA) software and compared to sedentary controls. Football players had significantly higher (p<0.05) vBMD (mg/cm3) in the trabecular (263±44) and cortical femur (886±69) than artistic swimmers (224±43 and 844±89) and sedentary controls (215±51 and 841±85). Football players had also higher (p<0.05) cortical thickness (2.12±0.19 mm) and sBMD (188±22 mg/cm2) compared to artistic swimmers (1.85±0.15 and 156±21) and sedentary controls (1.87±0.16 and 158±23). Artistic swimmers did not show significant differences in any parameter analyzed for 3D-DXA when compared to sedentary controls. The 3D-DXA modeling revealed statistical differences in cortical thickness and vBMD between female athletes engaged in weight-bearing (football) and non-weight bearing (swimming) sports and did not show differences between the non-weight bearing sport and the sedentary controls. 3D-DXA modeling could provide insight into bone remodeling in the sports field, allowing evaluation of femoral trabecular and cortical strength from standard DXA scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amineh Amani
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Mèdic, CETIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Bellver
- Sports Medicine, Centre Alt Rendiment Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sports Medicine, Centre Alt Rendiment Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Department, Shanghai Shenhau FC, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drobnic F, Lizarraga MA, Caballero-García A, Cordova A. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation and Its Impact on Exercise and Sport Performance in Humans: A Recovery or a Performance-Enhancing Molecule? Nutrients 2022; 14:1811. [PMID: 35565783 PMCID: PMC9104583 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence exists to suggest that ROS induce muscular injury with a subsequent decrease in physical performance. Supplementation with certain antioxidants is important for physically active individuals to hasten recovery from fatigue and to prevent exercise damage. The use of nutritional supplements associated with exercise, with the aim of improving health, optimizing training or improving sports performance, is a scientific concern that not only drives many research projects but also generates great expectations in the field of their application in pathology. Since its discovery in the 1970s, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been one of the most controversial molecules. The interest in determining its true value as a bioenergetic supplement in muscle contraction, antioxidant or in the inflammatory process as a muscle protector in relation to exercise has been studied at different population levels of age, level of physical fitness or sporting aptitude, using different methodologies of effort and with the contribution of data corresponding to very diverse variables. Overall, in the papers reviewed, although the data are inconclusive, they suggest that CoQ10 supplementation may be an interesting molecule in health or disease in individuals without a pathological deficiency and when used for optimising exercise performance. Considering the results observed in the literature, and as a conclusion of this systematic review, we could say that it is an interesting molecule in sports performance. However, clear approaches should be considered when conducting future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Cordova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rasmussen SM, Halvard Hansen ES, Stensrud T, Radon K, Wolfarth B, Kurowski M, Bousquet J, Bonini S, Bonini M, Delgado L, Moreira A, Drobnic F, Papadopoulos NG, Vakali S, Gratziou C, Malmberg LP, Haahtela T, Backer V. Asthma endotypes in elite athletes: A cross-sectional study of European athletes participating in the Olympic Games. Allergy 2022; 77:2250-2253. [PMID: 35426975 DOI: 10.1111/all.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Søren Halvard Hansen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital‐Hvidovre Hospital Hvidovre Denmark
| | | | - Katja Radon
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Hospital of the Ludwig‐Maximilian‐University Munich Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine Humboldt University and Charité University School of Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - Marcin Kurowski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Medical University of Łódź Łódź Poland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital and INSERM Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve Montpellier France
| | - Sergio Bonini
- CNR Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine Rome Italy
| | - Matteo Bonini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Imperial College London London UK
| | - Luis Delgado
- Basic & Clinical Immunology Department of Pathology Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit ‐ Institute of Public Health University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR) Porto Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Imunoalergologia São João University Hospital Center Porto Portugal
| | | | | | - Sofia Vakali
- Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Christina Gratziou
- Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of ENT Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Drobnic F, Fonts S, García-Alday I, Petrangolini G, Riva A, Frattini E, Allegrini P, Togni S, Vitale J. Efficacy of artichoke and ginger extracts with simethicone to treat gastrointestinal symptoms in endurance athletes: a pilot study. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:77-84. [PMID: 31994374 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported by athletes during training and competitions. A standardized combination of artichoke leaves and ginger root extracts has shown beneficial effects in managing GI discomfort in otherwise healthy subjects. METHODS In this pilot study, we assessed the effectiveness of artichoke leaves and ginger root extracts combination associated with simethicone in reducing exercise-related GI symptoms in endurance athletes. The effects of the combination on upper/lower GI and systemic symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks through a questionnaire. RESULTS Fifty endurance athletes took the extracts' combination 320 mg + simethicone 40 mg chewable pills. The extracts combination and simethicone were effective in reducing the mean intensity of upper GI (86.6%) lower GI (85.9%) and systemic symptoms (81.9%), with superior results compared to placebo. The most remarkable effects were reported in the lower GI tract, with a significant decrease in flatulence, intestinal cramps, loose stools and diarrhea. Athletes also benefited from a reduction in belching and bloating and in dizziness, headache and muscle cramps, although the decrease in systemic symptoms was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of standardized artichoke and ginger extracts, combined with simethicone, may be effective in decreasing digestive discomfort and alteration of gastric motility not only in healthy subjects but also in endurance athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franchek Drobnic
- Department of Sport Sciences Research, Sant Cugat del Vallés Olympic Training Center, Barcelona, Spain -
- Barcelona FC Medical Services, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain -
| | - Sergi Fonts
- Kronos Sport Nutritional Assessment, Rubí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iker García-Alday
- Department of Sport Sciences Research, Sant Cugat del Vallés Olympic Training Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pi-Rusiñol R, Sanz-de la Garza M, Grazioli G, García M, Sitges M, Drobnic F. Pre-participation medical evaluation in competitive athletes: the experience of an international multisport club. Apunts Sports Medicine 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Couto M, Bernard A, Delgado L, Drobnic F, Kurowski M, Moreira A, Rodrigues‐Alves R, Rukhadze M, Seys S, Wiszniewska M, Quirce S. Health effects of exposure to chlorination by-products in swimming pools. Allergy 2021; 76:3257-3275. [PMID: 34289125 DOI: 10.1111/all.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential negative effects on human health of water disinfectants used in swimming pools. Among the disinfection options, the approaches using chlorine-based products have been typically preferred. Chlorine readily reacts with natural organic matter that are introduced in the water mainly through the bathers, leading to the formation of potentially harmful chlorination by-products (CBPs). The formation of CBPs is of particular concern since some have been epidemiologically associated with the development of various clinical manifestations. The higher the concentration of volatile CBPs in the water, the higher their concentration in the air above the pool, and different routes of exposure to chemicals in swimming pools (water ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation) contribute to the individual exposome. Some CBPs may affect the respiratory and skin health of those who stay indoor for long periods, such as swimming instructors, pool staff, and competitive swimmers. Whether those who use chlorinated pools as customers, particularly children, may also be affected has been a matter of debate. In this article, we discuss the current evidence regarding the health effects of both acute and chronic exposures in different populations (work-related exposures, intensive sports, and recreational attendance) and identify the main recommendations and unmet needs for research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Couto
- Centro de Alergia Hospital CUF Descobertas Lisboa Portugal
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC) Catholic University of Louvain Brussels Belgium
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Serviço de ImunoalergologiaCentro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E. Porto Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE) Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - Marcin Kurowski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Łódź Łódź Poland
| | - André Moreira
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Serviço de ImunoalergologiaCentro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E. Porto Portugal
- Epidemiology Research Unit‐ Instituto de Saúde Pública Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - Maia Rukhadze
- Center of Allergy & Immunology Teaching University Geomedi LLC Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Sven Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Department of Clinical Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Marta Wiszniewska
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy La Paz University HospitalIdiPAZ, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bellver M, Ferrer-Roca V, Del Rio L, Jovell E, Gomez-Chereguini L, Drobnic F, Trilla A. Bone variables and body composition in former artistic swimmers teams. Jump program effects during Covid-19 confinement: A randomized controlled study. Apunts Sports Medicine 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Drobnic F, de Suso JMG, Turmo-Garuz A, Gudelis M, Valle X, Peirau X, Souto JC, Escudero JR, Soria JM. Prevalence and predisposition to deep vein thrombosis in professional male soccer players. Apunts Sports Medicine 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Bellver M, Drobnic F, Jovell E, Ferrer-Roca V, Abalos X, Del Rio L, Trilla A. Jumping rope and whole-body vibration program effects on bone values in Olympic artistic swimmers. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:858-867. [PMID: 33839950 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artistic swimming seems not to benefit bone development like other out-of-water physical activities. To increase bone acquisition, artistic swimming should combine water training with weight-bearing impact or strength activities. Artistic swimmers can be a population at risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis in later life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a training program on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and body composition in an Olympic artistic swimming team. METHODS Sixteen women aged 17-21 years, who train 30 h/week, at the Olympic Training Centre (Barcelona, Spain), were followed up over two seasons. The 1st season involved regular artistic swimming training without specific training to reduce the risk of osteopenia. The exercise intervention, jumping rope and whole-body vibration, was added in the 2nd season. The protocol included 20 min of training 2 days per week, over a 22-week period. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measured the bone variables and body composition. The daily diet, medical history and bone turnover markers were evaluated. RESULTS The intervention program increased BMD on lumbar spine (2.10%, p = 0.002), total hip (2.07%, p = 0.001), and femoral neck (2.39%, p = 0.02). Lower limb's fat mass decreased (10.17%, p = 0.038). No significant differences were found for any of the measured anthropometric characteristics between both time points in the 1st season. In conclusions, combined jump rope and vibration should be considered to reduce the risk of bone damage in artistic swimmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Bellver
- Centro de Alto Rendimiento (CAR), Av. Alcalde Barnils s/nSant Cugat del Valles, 08173, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
- , c/Via Augusta 114, 7º1ª, 08006, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Centro de Alto Rendimiento (CAR), Av. Alcalde Barnils s/nSant Cugat del Valles, 08173, Barcelona, Spain
- Shenhua Greenland FC, Hunan Highway 2600, Shanghai, China
| | - Esther Jovell
- Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, 08227, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ventura Ferrer-Roca
- Centro de Alto Rendimiento (CAR), Av. Alcalde Barnils s/nSant Cugat del Valles, 08173, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Abalos
- LCAFE School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Sc Wiesbaden 1911 e.v, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Luis Del Rio
- CETIR Centre Medic, c/Londres, 6, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, c/Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valtueña J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Medina D, Lizarraga A, Rodas G, González-Gross M, Drobnic F. Vitamin D Status in Spanish Elite Team Sport Players. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041311. [PMID: 33921150 PMCID: PMC8071574 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D is usual; however, data are limited for elite team players. The aim was to investigate the vitamin D levels in Football Club Barcelona (FCB) first division players of six sport modalities. Ninety-five elite male players (27.3 ± 4.6 y) belonging to FCB provided data for vitamin D throughout a season. In this study, 25(OH)D was measured in serum by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Outdoor/indoor training and supplementation were also considered. Total mean 25(OH)D concentrations were 91.9 ± 23.1 nmol/L in all players, with higher mean levels among supplemented players (94.7 ± 24.3 nmol/L). Around 25% of the team players were below optimal levels (<75 nmol/L), but none were below 50 nmol/L. Caucasian, supplemented football and handball players had the highest mean vitamin D concentrations over the whole year, whereas basketball players (indoor training) had the lowest ones. The highest rate of vitamin D insufficiency was found in spring (40%). A positive significant effect was observed for the interaction between indoor/outdoor training and supplementation with 25(OH)D concentrations (p < 0.05). Those team players training outdoors with supplementation had higher total vitamin D concentrations than those with indoors training and/or supplementation. A positive interaction of outdoor training with supplementation exists to determine 25(OH)D concentrations in team players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jara Valtueña
- ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.A.-U.)
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.A.-U.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Medina
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Antonia Lizarraga
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Gil Rodas
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.A.-U.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910677980
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
- GIRSANE-CAR (Centre d’Alt Rendiment Sant Cugat del Vallès), 08173 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
García I, Drobnic F, Javierre C, Pons V, Viscor G. Severe Hypoxic Exercise Does Not Impair Lung Diffusion in Elite Swimmers. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:90-95. [PMID: 33605802 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
García, Iker, Franchek Drobnic, Casimiro Javierre, Victoria Pons, and Ginés Viscor. Severe hypoxic exercise does not impair lung diffusion in elite swimmers. High Alt Med Biol. 22:90-95, 2021. Background: Exercise performed at high altitude may cause a subclinical pulmonary interstitial edema that can worsen gas exchange function. This study aimed to evaluate whether there are changes in alveolar-capillary diffusion after exercise during a short-term exposure to hypobaric hypoxia in elite swimmers. Materials and Methods: Seven elite swimmers (age: 20.4 ± 1.4 years, height: 1.78 ± 10.8 m, body mass: 69.7 ± 11.1 kg) participated in the study. Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), transfer coefficient of carbon monoxide, pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate (HR) were measured at sea level at rest (SL-R), and after a short-term hypobaric hypoxia exposure (4,000 m), both at rest (HA-R) and at the end of moderate interval exercise (HA-E). Results: The combined exposure to high altitude and exercise did not change DLCO from SL-R to HA-R, or HA-E (43.8 ± 9.8 to 41.3 ± 10.5 to 42.4 ± 8.6 ml minutes-1 mmHg-1, p = 0.391). As expected, elite swimmers showed large decrease in SpO2 (72 ± 5; p < 0.001) and increase in HR (139 ± 9 beats minutes-1; p < 0.003) after HA-E. Conclusions: An acute high-altitude exposure combined with submaximal exercise does not change alveolar-capillary diffusion in elite swimmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iker García
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Fisiologia i Nutrició, Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR), Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Casimiro Javierre
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Pons
- Departament de Fisiologia i Nutrició, Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR), Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
García I, Drobnic F, Arrillaga B, Pons V, Viscor G. Lung capacity and alveolar gas diffusion in aquatic athletes: Implications for performance and health. Apunts Sports Medicine 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
García I, Drobnic F, Pons V, Viscor G. Swimming exercise transiently decrease lung diffusing capacity in elite swimmers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:666-672. [PMID: 33146491 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swimmers have larger lungs and a higher diffusion capacity than other athletes, but it remains unknown whether swimming exercise changes lung diffusing properties. This study aimed to evaluate modifications in pulmonary alveolar-capillary diffusion after swimming exercise. METHODS The participants were 21 elite level swimmers, including 7 females and 14 males, with a training volume of 45-70 kilometers of swimming per week. The single-breath method was used to measure the lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO and the transfer coefficient of the lungs for carbon monoxide (K<inf>CO</inf>) before and after 10 training sessions over 4 weeks along 207 pre- to postevaluations. RESULTS Swimming training consistently decreased lung diffusion capacity during the follow-up period, both DL<inf>CO</inf> (44.4±8.1 to 43.3±8.9 mL·min-1·mmHg-1, P=0.047, ŋ2<inf>p</inf>=0.55) and K<inf>CO</inf> (5.92±0.79 to 5.70±0.81 mL·min-1·mmHg-1·L-1, P=0.003, ŋ2<inf>p</inf>=0.75). CONCLUSIONS Elite swimmers experience a subclinical impairment in lung diffusing capacity after swimming exercise, but the stress caused by swimming on the lungs and the acute reduction in DL<inf>CO</inf> does not lead to physiological dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iker García
- Section of Physiology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain - .,Department pf Physiology and Nutrition, Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR), Barcelona, Spain -
| | | | - Victoria Pons
- Department pf Physiology and Nutrition, Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Section of Physiology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Montero R, Codina A, Jou C, Fernández G, Maynou J, Santos-Ocaña C, Riera J, Navas P, Drobnic F, Artuch R. Coenzyme Q 10 Treatment Monitoring in Different Human Biological Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100979. [PMID: 33066002 PMCID: PMC7601005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) treatment monitoring is a matter of debate since CoQ distribution from plasma to blood cells and tissues is not fully understood. We aimed to analyze the CoQ levels in a wide set of human biological samples (plasma, blood mononuclear cells (BMCs), platelets, urinary cells, and skeletal muscle) from a group of 11 healthy male runners before and after CoQ supplementation. The CoQ content in the different samples was analyzed by HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection. No significant differences were observed in the CoQ levels measured in the BMCs, platelets, and urine after the one-month treatment period. Plasma CoQ (expressed in absolute values and values relative to total cholesterol) significantly increased after CoQ supplementation (p = 0.003 in both cases), and the increase in CoQ in muscle approached significance (p = 0.074). CoQ levels were increased in the plasma of all supplemented subjects, and muscle CoQ levels were increased in 8 out of 10 supplemented subjects. In conclusion, the analysis of CoQ in plasma samples seems to be the best surrogate biomarker for CoQ treatment monitoring. Moreover, oral CoQ administration was effective for increasing muscle CoQ concentrations in most subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Paredes-Fuentes
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.P.-F.); (R.M.)
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.P.-F.); (R.M.)
| | - Anna Codina
- Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Cristina Jou
- Pathology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.); (C.J.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
| | - Guerau Fernández
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Joan Maynou
- Molecular Genetics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joan Riera
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Department, Olympic Training Center, CAR-GIRSANE, Avinguda de l’Alcalde Barnils, 3, 08173 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Plácido Navas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Department, Olympic Training Center, CAR-GIRSANE, Avinguda de l’Alcalde Barnils, 3, 08173 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.P.-F.); (R.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-O.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McEwan GP, Drobnic F, Lizarraga A, Gómez Díaz A, Pons E, Dello Iacon A, Unnithan V. Changes in markers of body composition of professional male soccer players during pre-season. Sports Med Health Sci 2020; 2:166-171. [PMID: 35782288 PMCID: PMC9219328 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate changes achieved in whole-body and regional (upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk) estimates of body composition, twenty professional male soccer players (7 defenders, 7 midfielders, 6 forwards) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis at the beginning and end of pre-season. Measures included: mass, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat per cent (BF%). Players' activity during on-field training sessions was monitored using Global Positioning System (GPS) units, with GPS data used to obtain estimations of energy expenditure (EE). Whole-body mass remained unchanged across the pre-season. Moderate significant increases and decreases were achieved in whole-body FFM (Pre: 59.58 ± 5.27 kg; Post: 60.61 ± 5.18 kg; p = 0.001; d = 0.87) and FM (Pre: 10.60 ± 1.88 kg; Post: 9.56 ± 1.81 kg; p = 0.001; d = 0.85), respectively. Moderate significant decreases were achieved in whole-body BF% (Pre: 14.4 ± 2.3%; Post: 12.9 ± 2.0%; p < 0.001; d = 0.94). No significant inter-positional differences were observed for the changes achieved in any global or regional estimate of body composition. Total EE was significantly correlated with ΔFM (r = 0.65, p = 0.002), ΔFFM (r = 0.46, p = 0.03), and ΔBF% (r = 0.67, p = 0.002). The total EE of pre-season training accounted for 42%, 21%, and 45% of the variance in ΔFM, ΔFFM, and ΔBF%, respectively. These findings suggest that the pre-season period is a suitable time for initiating favourable alterations in body composition following the off-season in elite soccer players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Paul McEwan
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Department, Shanghai Greenland Shenhua FC, Shanghai, China
- Medical, Sport Science and Health Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Lizarraga
- Medical, Sport Science and Health Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eduard Pons
- Sports Performance Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Dello Iacon
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | - Viswanath Unnithan
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Artistic swimmers (AS) are exposed to repeated apnoeas in the aquatic environment during high intensity exercise provoking specific physiological responses to training, apnoea, and immersion. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in lung diffusing capacity in AS pre-, mid- and post-training in a combined session of apnoeic swimming, figures and choreography. Eleven elite female AS from the Spanish national team were the study's participants. The single-breath method was used to measure lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and one-way repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to evaluate the statistical analysis. Basal values of DLCO were higher than normal for their age and height (33.6±4.9 mL·min-1·mmHg-1; 139±19%) and there were a significant interaction between DLCO and AS training (ŋ2 p=0.547). After the apnoeic swimming (mid-training) there was an increase in DLCO from basal to 36.7±7.3 mL·min-1·mmHg-1 (p=0.021), and after the figures and choreography (post-training) there was a decrease compared to mid-training (32.3±4.6 mL·min-1·mmHg-1, p=0.013). Lung diffusing capacity changes occur during AS training, including a large increase after apnoeic swimming. There were no differences in lung diffusing capacity from pre- to post-training, although large inter-individual variability was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iker García
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Fisiologia i Nutricio, Centre d'Alt Rendiment, Sant Cugat Del Valles, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Pons
- Departament de Fisiologia i Nutricio, Centre d'Alt Rendiment, Sant Cugat Del Valles, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Biologia Cel lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Doncaster G, Medina D, Drobnic F, Gómez-Díaz AJ, Unnithan V. Appreciating Factors Beyond the Physical in Talent Identification and Development: Insights From the FC Barcelona Sporting Model. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:91. [PMID: 33345082 PMCID: PMC7739674 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FC Barcelona is a multi-sport organization that adopts a talent identification approach that emphasizes the technical, psychological, and perceptual-cognitive attributes. It is unclear within this type of sporting selection model whether the relative age effect (RAE) exists. Consequently, the aim of the study was to evaluate the RAE across multiple sports and age groups at FC Barcelona. The birthdates of all players (n = 6,542) affiliated to each sport [male basketball (n = 1,013), male (n = 3,012) and female (n = 449) soccer, male futsal (n = 761), male handball (n = 999), and male indoor roller hockey (n = 308)] across all age groups from U10 to Senior were recorded. These were then categorized into quartiles from the start of the selection year (Q1 = Jan-Mar; Q2 = Apr-Jun; Q3 = Jul-Sep; Q4 = Oct-Dec) and analyzed for (a) each sport; (b) each age group, irrespective of the sport; and (c) each age group within each sport, using Chi-squared statistics and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Birthdates across the entire club revealed a RAE (Q1 = 46.1%, Q2 = 27.1%, Q3 = 17.1%, and Q4 = 9.7%, χ2 = 29.8, P < 0.01), with OR in Q1, Q2, and Q3 representing a 4.76 (95% CIs: 1.96-11.57), 2.80 (1.12-7.03), and 1.77 (0.67-4.63) increased likelihood for selection when compared to Q4, respectively. Despite FC Barcelona's approach to talent identification and development, the RAE was still present within youth age groups (<18 years old). The current findings provide support that the RAE is more prevalent within regionally popular sports and reduces with increasing age; however, given the talent identification processes within FC Barcelona's sporting model, additional factors beyond the physical attributes, such as enhanced psychological and perceptual-cognitive attributes, in those born earlier in the selection year might further influence the RAE. Consequently, current results provide indirect evidence to suggest that sociological and psychological determinants might be a greater influence on the presence of RAE in sporting environments that prefer to consider technical and perceptual-cognitive attributes in their talent development programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Viswanath Unnithan
- Division of Sport and Exercise, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Capó X, Martorell M, Ferrer MD, Sureda A, Pons V, Domingo JC, Drobnic F, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Leyva-Vela B, Sarabia JM, Herranz-López M, Roche E, Tur JA, Pons A. Calorie Restriction Improves Physical Performance and Modulates the Antioxidant and Inflammatory Responses to Acute Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040930. [PMID: 32230858 PMCID: PMC7230395 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to characterize the effects of calorie restriction on the anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of sportsmen and to evaluate the effects of calorie restriction and acute exercise on mitochondria energetics, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Twenty volunteer taekwondo practitioners undertook a calorie restriction of 30-40% on three alternate days a week for one month. Eleven volunteer sportsmen participated as controls. Both groups performed an energy efficiency test to evaluate physical performance, and samples were taken before and after exercise. The total weight of participants significantly decreased (5.9%) after calorie restriction, while the efficiency of work and the contributions of fat to obtain energy were enhanced by calorie restriction. No significant differences induced by acute exercise were observed in individual non-esterified fatty acid percentage or oxidative stress markers. Calorie restriction downregulated the basal gene expression of nitric oxide synthase, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, and repairing stress proteins, but it enhanced the expression of sirtuins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, one month of calorie restriction decreases body weight and increases physical performance, enhancing energy efficiency, moderating the antioxidant and inflammatory basal gene expression, and influencing its response to acute exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Capó
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Miguel D. Ferrer
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria Pons
- Performance and Health Research Group for High Level Sports, High Performance Center of Barcelona, 08174 Sant Cugat, Spain; (V.P.); (F.D.)
| | - Juan C. Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Performance and Health Research Group for High Level Sports, High Performance Center of Barcelona, 08174 Sant Cugat, Spain; (V.P.); (F.D.)
| | | | | | - José M. Sarabia
- Sport Research Center, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development, and Innovation in Biotechnolgy of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, University Miguel Hernández. Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (A.S.); (J.A.T.)
- IDISBA. Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB12/03/30038), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-173-171
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Drobnic F, Fonts S, García-Alday I, Petrangolini G, Riva A, Frattini E, Allegrini P, Togni S, Vitale J. A pilot study on the efficacy of a rational combination of artichoke and ginger extracts with simethicone in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in endurance athletes. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020. [PMID: 31994374 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported by athletes during training and competitions. A standardized combination of artichoke leaves and ginger root extracts has shown beneficial effects in managing GI discomfort in otherwise healthy subjects. METHODS In this pilot study, we assessed the effectiveness of artichoke leaves and ginger root extracts combination associated with simethicone in reducing exercise-related GI symptoms in endurance athletes. The effects of the combination on upper/lower GI and systemic symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks through a questionnaire. RESULTS 50 endurance athletes took the extracts' combination 320 mg + simethicone 40 mg chewable pills. The extracts combination and simethicone were effective in reducing the mean intensity of upper GI (86.6%) lower GI (85.9%) and systemic symptoms (81.9%), with superior results compared to placebo. The most remarkable effects were reported in the lower GI tract, with a significant decrease in flatulence, intestinal cramps, loose stools and diarrhea. Athletes also benefited from a reduction in belching and bloating and in dizziness, headache and muscle cramps, although the decrease in systemic symptoms was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of standardized artichoke and ginger extracts, combined with simethicone, may be effective in decreasing digestive discomfort and alteration of gastric motility not only in healthy subjects but also in endurance athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franchek Drobnic
- Sport Sciences Research Department, Olympic Training Center Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain - .,Medical Services FC Barcelona, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain -
| | - Sergi Fonts
- Kronos Sport Nutritional Assessment, Rubí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iker García-Alday
- Sport Sciences Research Department, Olympic Training Center Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bellver M, Del Rio L, Jovell E, Drobnic F, Trilla A. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content among female elite athletes. Bone 2019; 127:393-400. [PMID: 31271933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise is a protective factor for the appearance of osteoporosis, but not all physical activities have the same effect on bones. Low-impact sports, like swimming, may a have a negative or no effect. The aim of the present study is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and bone mineral content (BMC, kg) among female high performance athletes from aquatic and non-aquatic sports and to assess possible differences with sedentary controls. METHODS Participants are elite female athletes over 18 years, from the Spanish Olympic teams, with at least 12-15 h of weekly training on aquatic sports: swimming (n = 19), synchronized swimming (n = 24) and water polo (n = 14), and elite female athletes from non-aquatic sports: professional football players of Futbol Club Barcelona team (n = 92), Spanish national volleyball (n = 26) and field hockey teams (n = 29) as well as sedentary controls (n = 126). Bone mineral density scans was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for whole body, segmental analysis, proximal femur and lumbar spine. RESULTS Non-aquatic female athletes have total and segments BMC and BMD values higher than those of aquatic athletes, that in turn show similar BMD values compared to controls. BMD in lumbar spine and proximal femur was higher in non-aquatic sports compared to aquatic sports athletes and both were higher than controls. CONCLUSION BMD is not negatively compromised by the practice of aquatic sports at a highly competitive level. However, non-aquatic female athletes show a higher BMD. Time training out of the water improves BMD. Our findings suggest that swimming and synchronized swimming should be combined with weight-bearing, impact or strength activities, as they do not seem to be osteogenic sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Bellver
- Centro de Alto Rendimiento (CAR), Av. Alcalde Barnils s/n, 08173 Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio Sanitario de Terrassa, Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Luis Del Rio
- CETIR Centre Medic, c/Londres, 6, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Jovell
- Consorcio Sanitario de Terrassa, Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Centro de Alto Rendimiento (CAR), Av. Alcalde Barnils s/n, 08173 Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain; Futbol Club Barcelona (FCB), Av. Onze de Setembre, s/n, 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, c/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, (Spain)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Valle X, Til L, Drobnic F, Turmo A, Montoro J, Valero O, Artells R. Compression garments to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness in soccer players. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.04.2013.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Valle
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- Sports Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Clinica Mapfre de Medicina del Tenis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Til
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- CAR of Sant Cugat-Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Drobnic
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- CAR of Sant Cugat-Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Turmo
- Sports Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Spain
- CAR of Sant Cugat-Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J.B. Montoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - O. Valero
- Servei d’Estadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Artells
- Human Anatomy and Embriology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Drobnic F, García-Alday I, Banquells M, Bellver M. Edema pulmonar intersticial en el deporte de alta competición y acetazolamida: a propósito de un caso. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 54:584-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
26
|
Valenzuela PL, Santos-Lozano A, Morales JS, Drobnic F, Lucia A. Free to breathe hard in the Tour de France. Lancet 2018; 392:1114-1115. [PMID: 30303078 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- University of Alcalá, Systems Biology Department, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Department of Health Sciences (i+HeALTH), European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier S Morales
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid and Research Insitute i+12, E-28670 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid and Research Insitute i+12, E-28670 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pons V, Riera J, Capó X, Martorell M, Sureda A, Tur JA, Drobnic F, Pons A. Calorie restriction regime enhances physical performance of trained athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:12. [PMID: 29556158 PMCID: PMC5845356 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caloric restriction induces mitochondrial biogenesis and improves physical fitness in rodents. We aimed to provide evidence of how caloric restriction affects the body composition and physical performance of trained athletes and to evaluate the possible impact of an every-other-day feeding diet on nutritional deficiencies of micronutrients and essential fatty acids. Methods The study was performed with 12 healthy male athletes by carrying out a 33% caloric restriction with respect to their usual diet. Athletes performed a maximal exercise stress test both before and after the caloric restriction period. Blood samples were taken before and after the caloric restriction at basal conditions and 30 min post-exercise. Although energy intake was reduced by about 33%, the contribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to total energy intake during the caloric restriction was similar to the original diet. Results The caloric restriction reduced the daily specific micronutrient intake to values lower than 90% of recommended dietary allowances. No effects were observed in blood parameters related to iron metabolism and tissue damage, glucose levels, lipid profiles, or erythrocyte fatty acid composition. In addition, oxidative damage markers decreased after the nutritional intervention. The caloric restriction intervention significantly reduced body weight and trunk, arm, and leg weights; it also caused a decrease in fat and lean body mass, the energy expenditure rate when performing a maximal exercise stress test, and the energy cost to run one meter at various exercise intensities. Furthermore, the intervention ameliorated the onset of the anaerobic phase of exercise. Conclusion A caloric restriction improves athletes' performance and energy efficiency, but reduces the daily intake of micronutrients; so, when caloric restriction programs are implemented micronutrient supplementation should be considered. Trial registration The project was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02533479).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pons
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Dept, Olympic Training Center, CAR - GIRSANE, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Joan Riera
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Dept, Olympic Training Center, CAR - GIRSANE, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- 2Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,3CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- 2Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,4Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Antoni Sureda
- 2Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,3CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- 2Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,3CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sport Nutrition and Physiology Dept, Olympic Training Center, CAR - GIRSANE, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- 2Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,3CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Capó X, Martorell M, Busquets-Cortés C, Sureda A, Riera J, Drobnic F, Tur JA, Pons A. Effects of dietary almond- and olive oil-based docosahexaenoic acid- and vitamin E-enriched beverage supplementation on athletic performance and oxidative stress markers. Food Funct 2018; 7:4920-4934. [PMID: 27841405 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional beverages based on almonds and olive oil and enriched with α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could be useful in modulating oxidative stress and enhancing physical performance in sportsmen. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with functional beverages on physical performance, plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids' and polyphenol handling, oxidative and nitrative damage, and antioxidant and mitochondrial gene expression in young and senior athletes. Athletes performed maximal exercise tests before and after one month of dietary supplementation and blood samples were taken immediately before and one hour after each test. The beverages did not alter performance parameters during maximal exercise. Supplementation increased polyunsaturated and reduced saturated plasma fatty acids while increasing the DHA erythrocyte content; it maintained basal plasma and blood polyphenol levels, but increased the blood cell polyphenol concentration in senior athletes. Supplementation protects against oxidative damage although it enhances nitrative damage in young athletes. The beverages enhance the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after exercise in young athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - M Martorell
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - C Busquets-Cortés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - J Riera
- Sports Physiology Dept. CAR, Sant Cugat del Valles, GIRSANE, Barcelona 08174, Spain
| | - F Drobnic
- Sports Physiology Dept. CAR, Sant Cugat del Valles, GIRSANE, Barcelona 08174, Spain
| | - J A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - A Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Martorell M, Pons V, Domingo JC, Capó X, Sureda A, Drobnic F, Tur JA, Pons A. Erythrocytes and Skeletal Muscle Unsaturated and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Are Positively Correlated after Caloric Restriction and Exercise. Ann Nutr Metab 2018; 72:126-133. [PMID: 29353271 DOI: 10.1159/000486553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional intervention studies with fatty acid (FA) supplements assess the efficacy of the intervention by measuring the changes in erythrocyte membrane lipid profiles reflected in tissue composition changes. The aim was to determine the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on erythrocytes lipid composition and to compare and correlate these changes with skeletal muscle acid profiles after CR. METHODS Erythrocytes were obtained from 11 healthy men before and after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions; muscle biopsies were obtained from the same athletes after 4 weeks of 33% CR in post-exercise conditions. Samples were used for FA determination by chromatography. RESULTS CR significantly modified erythrocyte FAs composition. Skeletal muscle FA profile was significantly different from that for the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte FA profile was more saturated (52.1 ± 1.5% and 32.8 ± 0.9%, respectively) and less monounsaturated (21.0 ± 0.8% and 39.0 ± 2.0%, respectively) than the skeletal muscle FA profile and similarly polyunsaturated. CONCLUSIONS CR modifies erythrocyte lipid composition, mainly omega-6 FAs. Erythrocyte monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 FAs, but not the saturated and omega-3 FAs, were significantly positively correlated with skeletal muscle FAs. There is a discordance between saturated and omega-3 FAs from erythrocyte and from muscle, but monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and omega-6 fatty acids are positively correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Pons
- Department of Sport Nutrition and Physiology, Olympic Training Center, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Department of Sport Nutrition and Physiology, Olympic Training Center, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep-Antoni Tur
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Drobnic F, Blanco-Alfaro J. Application for Authorization for Therapeutic Use of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids in Athletes with Asthma. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 54:223-225. [PMID: 29102337 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franchek Drobnic
- Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias del deporte del CAR, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, España; Servicios Médicos FC, Barcelona; Unidad Medicina del Deporte, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, España.
| | - Jesús Blanco-Alfaro
- Departamento de Control del Dopaje, Agencia Española de Protección de la Salud en el Deporte AEPSAD, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Capó X, Martorell M, Sureda A, Riera J, Drobnic F, Tur JA, Pons A. Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100619. [PMID: 27735833 PMCID: PMC5084007 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols are potential key factors for the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammation associated to ageing and non-communicable diseases. The aim was to analyse effects of an almond and olive oil beverage enriched with α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic, exercise and age on inflammatory plasma markers, and immune gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Five young and five senior athletes who were supplemented for five weeks with a functional beverage performed a stress test under controlled conditions before and after beverage supplementation. Blood samples were taken immediately before and 1 h after each test. Plasma, erythrocytes and PBMCs were isolated. Beverage supplementation increased plasmatic Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) levels depending on age and exercise. Exercise increased plasma non esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), soluble Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (sICAM3) and soluble L-selectin (sL-Selectin), and this increase was attenuated by the supplementation. Exercise increased PGE2 plasma levels in supplemented young and in senior placebo athletes. Exercise increased NFkβ-activated levels in PBMCs, which are primed to a pro-inflammatory response increasing pro-inflammatory genes expression after the exercise mainly in the young group after the supplementation. The functional beverage supplementation to young athletes enhances a pro-inflammatory circulating environment in response to the exercise that was less evident in the senior group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Capó
- Research Groupon Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra, Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Research Groupon Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra, Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Groupon Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra, Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Joan Riera
- Sports Physiology Department CAR, Barcelona, 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain.
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sports Physiology Department CAR, Barcelona, 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain.
| | - Josep Antoni Tur
- Research Groupon Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra, Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Groupon Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Science Laboratory of Physical Activity, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands, Crtra, Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Burns J, Mason C, Mueller N, Ohlander J, Zock JP, Drobnic F, Wolfarth B, Heinrich J, Omenaas E, Stensrud T, Nowak D, Radon K. Asthma prevalence in Olympic summer athletes and the general population: An analysis of three European countries. Respir Med 2015; 109:813-20. [PMID: 26013359 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown a higher prevalence of asthma in elite athletes as compared to the general population. It is inconclusive to what extent certain sport categories are especially affected. The present study offered a unique opportunity to assess these differences in asthma prevalence in the general population and elite summer athletes from a wide range of sport disciplines across various geographical areas. METHODS Cross-sectional data for 1568 general population participants from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II and 546 elite athletes from the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network Olympic study from three European countries were analyzed. Using logistic regression, the asthma risks associated with athlete sport practice, endurance level and aquatic sport practice, respectively, were investigated. RESULTS Athletes in the highest endurance category had increased risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.7-7.5), asthma symptoms (OR 3.0; CI 1.5-6.0) and asthma symptoms or medication use (OR 3.5; CI 1.8-6.7) compared to the general population. Aquatic athletes were at increased risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR 2.0; CI 1.1-3.9), asthma symptoms (OR 2.6; CI 1.3-5.0) and asthma symptoms or medication use (OR 2.3; CI 1.2-4.4) when compared to individuals not involved in aquatic sports. Regarding the entire athlete population, no increase in asthma was found when compared to the general population. CONCLUSIONS Practice of very high endurance and aquatic sports may be associated with increased asthma risks. Athlete participation as such showed no association with asthma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Burns
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany
| | - Catherine Mason
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Johan Ohlander
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Zock
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), C/ Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, Madrid, Spain; Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Otterstraat 118-124, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services FC Barcelona and Sport Physiology, GIRSANE CAR, Av. Alcalde Barnils 3-5, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56-58, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ernst Omenaas
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei 65, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NIH), Mailbox 4014, Ulleval Stadion, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich (LMU), Ziemssenstrasse 1, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mónaco M, Gutiérrez Rincón JA, Montoro Ronsano JB, Drobnic F, Til Pérez L, Ibáñez Toda L, Pedret Carballido C, Nardi Vilardaga J, Rodas G. Estudio prospectivo de maduración, desarrollo e incidencia lesional en balonmano formativo de élite. ¿Puede el estado madurativo ser un factor determinante de la incidencia lesional en balonmano? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunts.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Feriche B, García-Ramos A, Calderón-Soto C, Drobnic F, Bonitch- Góngora JG, Galilea PA, Riera J, Padial P. Effect of acute exposure to moderate altitude on muscle power: hypobaric hypoxia vs. normobaric hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114072. [PMID: 25474104 PMCID: PMC4256399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When ascending to a higher altitude, changes in air density and oxygen levels affect the way in which explosive actions are executed. This study was designed to compare the effects of acute exposure to real or simulated moderate hypoxia on the dynamics of the force-velocity relationship observed in bench press exercise. Twenty-eight combat sports athletes were assigned to two groups and assessed on two separate occasions: G1 (n = 17) in conditions of normoxia (N1) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) and G2 (n = 11) in conditions of normoxia (N2) and normobaric hypoxia (NH). Individual and complete force-velocity relationships in bench press were determined on each assessment day. For each exercise repetition, we obtained the mean and peak velocity and power shown by the athletes. Maximum power (Pmax) was recorded as the highest P(mean) obtained across the complete force-velocity curve. Our findings indicate a significantly higher absolute load linked to P(max) (∼ 3%) and maximal strength (1 RM) (∼ 6%) in G1 attributable to the climb to altitude (P<0.05). We also observed a stimulating effect of natural hypoxia on P(mean) and P(peak) in the middle-high part of the curve (≥ 60 kg; P<0.01) and a 7.8% mean increase in barbell displacement velocity (P<0.001). No changes in any of the variables examined were observed in G2. According to these data, we can state that acute exposure to natural moderate altitude as opposed to simulated normobaric hypoxia leads to gains in 1 RM, movement velocity and power during the execution of a force-velocity curve in bench press.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Feriche
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Franchek Drobnic
- Department of Sport Physiology, Grup d’Investigació en el Rendiment i la Salut de l’Esportista d’Alt Nivell Esportiu del Centre D'Alt Rendiment, High Sport Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pedro A. Galilea
- Department of Sport Physiology, Grup d’Investigació en el Rendiment i la Salut de l’Esportista d’Alt Nivell Esportiu del Centre D'Alt Rendiment, High Sport Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Riera
- Department of Sport Physiology, Grup d’Investigació en el Rendiment i la Salut de l’Esportista d’Alt Nivell Esportiu del Centre D'Alt Rendiment, High Sport Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulino Padial
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sureda A, Mestre-Alfaro A, Banquells M, Riera J, Drobnic F, Camps J, Joven J, Tur JA, Pons A. Exercise in a hot environment influences plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status in well-trained athletes. J Therm Biol 2014; 47:91-8. [PMID: 25526659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise in thermally stressful environmental conditions can enhance oxidative stress. We sought to measure the plasma antioxidant defenses and cytokine response together with oxidative damage post-exercise in a temperate versus a hot environment. The plasma concentrations of vasoactive endothelin-1 and vascular angiogenic growth factor were also evaluated. Male athletes (n=9) volunteered to participate. The athletes randomly performed two bouts of treadmill exercise of 45min at 75-80% of maximal oxygen uptake in a climatic-controlled chamber under two different conditions: temperate environment (10-12°C, 40-55% humidity) and hot, humid environment (30-32°C, 75-78% humidity). Venous blood samples were obtained immediately pre- and post-bout and on recovery after 2h. Serum glucose, malondialdehyde and lactate concentrations were significantly increased post-exercise in hot but maintained in the temperate environment; these post-exercise values were significantly higher after exercise in hot than in temperate. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration, plasma phosphocreatine kinase and catalase activities, creatinine and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 significantly increased post-exercise in hot but maintained in temperate environment. The post-exercise circulating values of antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 and endothelin were significantly higher in the hot than in temperate environment. Exercise in a hot and humid environment resulted in mild hyperthermia with elevated perceived exertion and thermal stress. Hyperthermic environment induced hyperglycemia, lactatecidemia and more cellular and oxidative damage than exercise in a temperate environment but also induced a post-exercise antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response in plasma. These results suggest that environmental temperature needs to be taken into account when evaluating exercise-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Antonia Mestre-Alfaro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Montserrat Banquells
- Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Riera
- Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Sports Physiology Dept., High Performance Centre of San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Valtueña J, Dominguez D, Til L, González-Gross M, Drobnic F. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among elite Spanish athletes the importance of outdoor training adaptation. NUTR HOSP 2014; 30:124-31. [PMID: 25137271 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2014.30.1.7539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The discovery of vitamin D muscle receptors in the last few years suggested a significant role in muscle tissue, pointing out athletes as a special group. Specific data are scarce. AIM The main aim of the current paper was to provide, for the first time, comparable data about vitamin D status in elite Spanish athletes by sport, age, season and training environment. METHODS Four hundred and eight elite athletes with a mean age of 22.8 ± 8.4 years were recruited from the High-performance sport centre in Barcelona for this cross-sectional study. Athletes from 34 different sports modalities were analysed. Data were available for vitamin D status, training environment, seasonality and number of medical visits. All data were analysed using SPSS version 18.0. RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D of all athletes was 56.7 ± 23.4 nmol/L. Approximately 82% of the athletes were below the optimal levels, (< 75nmol/l), 45% had moderate deficient levels (< 50 nmol/L) and 6% had severe deficiency (< 27.5 nmol/L). We have observed a steady increase in 25(OH)D concentrations with increasing age (p < 0.01) Highest levels were observed in those subjects training outdoors compared with those training indoor (p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jara Valtueña
- mFine Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Spain..
| | | | - L Til
- GIRSANE-CAR. Sant Cugat del Vallés. Spain. Centre Sanitari de Terrassa. Spain. Medical Services F. C. Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - M González-Gross
- mFine Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Spain
| | - F Drobnic
- GIRSANE-CAR. Sant Cugat del Vallés. Spain. Medical Services F. C. Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Drobnic F, Riera J, Appendino G, Togni S, Franceschi F, Valle X, Pons A, Tur J. Reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness by a novel curcumin delivery system (Meriva®): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:31. [PMID: 24982601 PMCID: PMC4074833 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) due to eccentric muscle activity is associated with inflammatory responses and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that sustain both inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin, a powerful promoter of anti-oxidant response, is one of the best-investigated natural products, and is now commercially available as a lecithin delivery system (Meriva®, Indena SpA, Milan) with improved bio-availability. The aim of this study was to test whether curcumin could attenuate damage from oxidative stress and inflammation related to acute muscle injury induced by eccentric continuous exercise. METHODS This was a randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind pilot trial. Twenty male healthy, moderately active volunteers were randomised to curcumin given as the Phytosome® delivery system 1 g twice daily (200 mg curcumin b.i.d.) or matching placebo. Supplementation was initiated 48 hours prior to a downhill running test and was continued for 24 hours after the test (4 days in total). Muscle damage was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory tests and histological analyses on muscle samples obtained 48 hours after the test. Patient-reported pain intensity was also recorded. RESULTS Subjects in the curcumin group reported less pain in the lower limb as compared with subjects in the placebo group, although significant differences were observed only for the right and left anterior thighs. Significantly fewer subjects in the curcumin group had MRI evidence of muscle injury in the posterior or medial compartment of both thighs. Increases in markers of muscle damage and inflammation tended to be lower in the curcumin group, but significant differences were only observed for interleukin-8 at 2 h after exercise. No differences in markers of oxidative stress and muscle histology were observed. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin has the potential for preventing DOMS, as suggested by its effects on pain intensity and muscle injury. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and further clarify the mechanism of action of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Riera
- Olympic Training Centre (CAR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Valle
- University of Barcelona, School of Sports Medicine, Medical Services, FCBarcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Department Biologia Fonamental i de la Salut, University of Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep Tur
- Department Biologia Fonamental i de la Salut, University of Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Altarriba-Bartes A, Drobnic F, Til L, Malliaropoulos N, Montoro JB, Irurtia A. Epidemiology of injuries in elite taekwondo athletes: two Olympic periods cross-sectional retrospective study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004605. [PMID: 24531455 PMCID: PMC3927815 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Taekwondo injuries differ according to the characteristics of the athletes and the competition. This analytical cross-sectional retrospective cohort study aimed to describe reported taekwondo injuries and to determine the prevalence, characteristics and possible risk factors for injuries sustained by athletes of the Spanish national team. In addition, we compared each identified risk factor-age, weight category, annual quarter, injury timing and competition difficulty level-with its relation to injury location and type. SETTINGS Injury occurrences in taekwondo athletes of the Spanish national team during two Olympic periods at the High Performance Centre in Barcelona were analysed. PARTICIPANTS 48 taekwondo athletes (22 male, 26 female; age range 15-31 years) were studied; 1678 injury episodes occurred. Inclusion criteria were: (1) having trained with the national taekwondo group for a minimum of one sports season; (2) being a member of the Spanish national team. RESULTS Independently of sex or Olympic period, the anatomical sites with most injury episodes were knee (21.3%), foot (17.0%), ankle (12.2%), thigh (11.4%) and lower leg (8.8%). Contusions (29.3%) and cartilage (17.6%) and joint (15.7%) injuries were the prevalent types of injury. Chronological age, weight category and annual quarter can be considered risk factors for sustaining injuries in male and female elite taekwondists according to their location and type (p≤0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides epidemiological information that will help to inform future injury surveillance studies and the development of prevention strategies and recommendations to reduce the number of injuries in taekwondo competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Altarriba-Bartes
- Performance Department, New York Red Bulls, New York, New York, USA
- Care and Preventive Sport Unit (UAPE-CAR), Health Consortium of Terrassa–High Performance Sports Centre of Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Research Department of High Performance Sports Centre, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Services of FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Til
- Care and Preventive Sport Unit (UAPE-CAR), Health Consortium of Terrassa–High Performance Sports Centre of Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Services of FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Malliaropoulos
- National Track & Field Centre, Sports Injury Clinic, Sports Medicine Clinic of S.E.G.A.S., Thessaloniki, Greece
- Thessaloniki Sports Medicine Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - José Bruno Montoro
- Pharmacology Department, University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Irurtia
- Sports Performance Department, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Valle X, Til L, Drobnic F, Turmo A, Montoro JB, Valero O, Artells R. Compression garments to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness in soccer players. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2013; 3:295-302. [PMID: 24596693 PMCID: PMC3940503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a compression garment as DOMS prevention. This was accomplished by provoking a DOMS in 15 athletes, running on a treadmill at 73% of their maximal aerobic velocity, during 40 minutes with a 10% negative slope; wearing the compression garments on one thigh, protected thigh (PT), and not in the contralateral thigh, control thigh (CT). A clinical and MRI diagnosis of DOMS was performed. Biopsies in both vastus lateralis were done, and the amount and severity of the DOMS was estimated by measuring intracellular albumin, and lymphocytes CD3+ and neutrophils intra/interfibrilar infiltrates, 48h after the induced damaging exercise. There was less total injury in the PT than in the CT, a 26.7% average. These data indicate that this compression garment is an effective method to reduce the histological injury in DOMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Valle
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- Sports Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Clinica Mapfre de Medicina del Tenis, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Til
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- CAR of Sant Cugat-Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- F.C. Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain
- CAR of Sant Cugat-Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Turmo
- Sports Medicine School, University of Barcelona, Spain
- CAR of Sant Cugat-Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oliver Valero
- Servei d’Estadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Artells
- Human Anatomy and Embriology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bescós R, Ferrer-Roca V, Galilea PA, Roig A, Drobnic F, Sureda A, Martorell M, Cordova A, Tur JA, Pons A. Sodium nitrate supplementation does not enhance performance of endurance athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 44:2400-9. [PMID: 22811030 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182687e5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Supplementation with inorganic nitrate has been suggested to be an ergogenic aid for athletes as nitric oxide donor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ingestion of inorganic sodium nitrate benefits well-trained athletes performing a 40-min exercise test in laboratory conditions. In addition, we investigated the effect of this supplement on plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and in nitrated proteins. METHODS Thirteen trained athletes participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover study. They performed a 40-min cycle ergometer distance-trial test after two 3-d periods of dietary supplementation with sodium nitrate (10 mg·kg of body mass) or placebo. RESULTS Concentration of plasma nitrate (256 ± 35 μM) and nitrite (334 ± 86 nM) increased significantly (P < 0.05) after nitrate supplementation compared with placebo (nitrate: 44 ± 11 μM; nitrite: 187 ± 43 nM). In terms of exercise performance, there were no differences in either the mean distance (nitrate: 26.4 ± 1.1 km; placebo: 26.3 ± 1.2 km; P = 0.61) or mean power output (nitrate: 258 ± 28 W; placebo: 257 ± 28 W; P = 0.89) between treatments. Plasma ET-1 increased significantly (P < 0.05) just after exercise in nitrate (4.0 ± 0.8 pg·mL) and placebo (2.4 ± 0.4 pg·mL) conditions. This increase was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the nitrate group. Levels of nitrated proteins did not differ between treatments (nitrate: preexercise, 91% ± 23%; postexercise, 81% ± 23%; placebo: preexercise, 95% ± 20%; postexercise, 99% ± 19%). CONCLUSION Sodium nitrate supplementation did not improve a 40-min distance-trial performance in endurance athletes. In addition, concentration of plasma ET-1 increased significantly after exercise after supplementation with sodium nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Bescós
- Research Group on Sport Sciences, National Institute of Physical Education (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Riera J, Pons V, Martinez-Puig D, Chetrit C, Tur JA, Pons A, Drobnic F. Dietary nucleotide improves markers of immune response to strenuous exercise under a cold environment. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:20. [PMID: 23566489 PMCID: PMC3626726 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strenuous exercise has been classically associated to immune-suppression and consequently to an increased risk of infections, especially at the upper respiratory tract. The administration of dietary nucleotides has been demonstrated useful to maintain the immune function in situations of stress and thus could be an appropriate strategy to counteract the decline of the immune function associated to strenuous exercise. The aim of the present study was to asses the impact of a specific nucleotide formulation (Inmunactive®) on the markers of immune function of athletes after a heavy exercise bout under cold conditions. Methods Twenty elite male taekwondo athletes were randomly divided into two groups of 10 subjects that were supplemented with placebo (P) or Inmunactive (I) at 480 mg/day during 30 days. At baseline (day 0) and after 4 wk of supplementation (day 30) each subject undertook an exhaustion exercise test using a cycloergometer. Skin temperature, core temperature, heart rate, lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during the test. Blood and saliva samples were obtained before and after each exercise test for determination of blood cell concentrations, PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (PHA-LP) and salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA). Results Exercise tests induced neutrophilia and reduction in lymphocyte blood counts on day 0 and on day 30 in both groups. However, the I group exhibited a faster recovery from the lymphopenic response than the P group, so that lymphocyte levels were higher after 150 min (P < 0.0028). Furthermore, the lymphoproliferative response was modulated by nucleotide supplementation, since it was higher in the I group on day 30 despite an almost significant (P < 0.06) exercise-evoked decrease at baseline. Conclusions These findings suggest that supplementation with a nucleotide-based product for 4 weeks could counteract the impairment of immune function after heavy exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Riera
- Sports Physiology Department, Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR-GIRSANE), Av, Alcalde Barnils 3-5, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, 08174, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sitges M, Gutiérrez JA, Brugada J, Balius R, Bellver M, Brotons D, Canal R, Comaposada J, Comellas C, Doñate M, Drobnic F, Escoda J, Ferrés P, Franco L, Galilea P, García Nieto JN, Garrido E, González Peris M, Mónaco M, Mont L, Peirau X, Pifarré F, Pons de Beristain C, Porcar C, Ribas J, Rodas G, Rubio FX, Sarquella-Brugada G, Sitjà J, Sitges I, Solanas X, Til L, Tintoré S, Turmo A, Valle X, Vives J, Vinuesa A, de Yzaguirre I. Consens per a la prevenció de la mort sobtada cardíaca en els esportistes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunts.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
43
|
Mestre-Alfaro A, Ferrer MD, Banquells M, Riera J, Drobnic F, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A. Body temperature modulates the antioxidant and acute immune responses to exercise. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:799-808. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.680193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
44
|
Borràs X, Balius X, Drobnic F, Galilea P. Vertical Jump Assessment on Volleyball: A Follow-Up of Three Seasons of a High-Level Volleyball Team. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:1686-94. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181db9f2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Galilea PA, Ràfols X, Drobnic F, Pons V, Riera J. Performance Differences Between Two Groups Of Cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000385369.45129.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
46
|
Drobnic F. [Medical screening before competition: more than a signature]. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 134:422-3. [PMID: 19822334 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Drobnic F, Turmo A. Estado actual del tratamiento con oxígeno hiperbárico de las enfermedades del aparato locomotor en medicina del deporte. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 134:312-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
48
|
Drobnic F. [The athlete with asthma and the new 2010 anti-doping regulations. Less work to change a limited therapy]. Arch Bronconeumol 2010; 46:280-1. [PMID: 20092924 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
49
|
Galilea P, González-Haro C, Joan R, Pons V, Drobnic F. Submaximal Relative Mechanical Power Output Is A Requirement To Be A Professional Road Cyclist. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000353290.26594.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Roman B, Serra-Majem L, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Drobnic F, Segura R. Physical activity in children and youth in Spain: future actions for obesity prevention. Nutr Rev 2009; 67 Suppl 1:S94-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|