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Yang H, Ding Y, Ding Y, Liu J. In-vial solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drug formulations stored in packaging containing rubber. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7848-7856. [PMID: 36909765 PMCID: PMC9996413 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous and persistent organic compounds that are significantly teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Rubber stoppers commonly used in sterile formulation packaging materials often contain carbon black as the additive to enhance mechanical strength. However, PAHs may be formed during the production of carbon black, which could cause the drug formulations to be contaminated when contacting with the rubber stopper, and then enter the patient's body. The determination of PAHs in drug formulations is challenging, due to their trace amounts and matrix interference. Therefore, sample pretreatment is necessary and important. In this work, a novel technique, named in-vial solid-phase extraction (IVSPE), was developed for the selective extraction and enrichment of 16 PAHs in pharmaceuticals. The coated sample vial was directly used as the container for the whole process of sample pretreatment. As the solid-phase adsorbent, the coating was prepared by successively modifying the inner surface of a sample vial with polydopamine film and octadecylamine. PAHs could be selectively extracted through π-π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction, and then desorbed and enriched by a small amount of organic solvent. After systematic optimization of the coating preparation and the extraction process, the limits of detection and quantification of 16 PAHs were in the range of 0.002-0.60 ng mL-1 and 0.007-2.00 ng mL-1, respectively. Good linearities and precision of six repeated injections were obtained. The recoveries at three spiked concentration levels in normal saline were in the range of 62.72-106.90% with the relative standard deviation between 0.83% and 6.78%. Finally, PAHs in normal saline and powders for injection were extracted by established IVSPE, followed by separation and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and diode array detector (HPLC-FLD/DAD). It is worth noting that the preparation conditions of the adsorbent in the IVSPE method are mild, simple and green. Moreover, IVSPE has the advantages of having few work steps and avoiding the risk of contamination, because no special instrumentation or sample transfer is required. IVSPE could also be used for the pretreatment of multiple samples at the same time, which is beneficial to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yinmeng Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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Wu L, He Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Yang W, Sun C. QuEChERS with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1255-1263. [PMID: 33617642 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation characteristics. Therefore, the sensitive, reliable, and rapid detection of PAHs in sediment is of great importance.
Objective
To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection after Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) treatment for simultaneous determination of 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs in sediment samples.
Method
The samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetone and then the supernatant was purified with a modified QuEChERS method. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The separation was accomplished on a ZORBAX Eclipse PAH column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) and the column temperature was set at 30 °C. The flow rate of the mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode was fixed at 0.9 mL/min. Detection was conducted on an ultraviolet detector and a fluorescence detector simultaneously. The qualitative analysis was based on retention time and the quantification was based on standard curves.
Results
Under the optimal conditions, this method showed good linearities in the range of 10–200 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9993. The method had LODs ranging from 0.00108 to 0.314 ng/g. The mean recoveries ranged from 78.4 to 117% with intra-day and inter-day RSDs of 0.592–10.7% and 1.01–13.0%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of 16 PAHs in sediment samples collected from the Funan River in Chengdu, China with total contents of 431–2143 ng/g·dw.
Conclusions
The established method is simple, rapid, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. It can be applied to the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples.
Highlights
A method of QuEChERS with ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with HPLC has been established for the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples and the proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis PAHs in real sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurong He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nukatsuka I, Satoh R, Kihara S, Kitagawa F. A thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique used for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1989-1997. [PMID: 33605531 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we propose a novel microsolid-phase extraction and elution technique, which we called the thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique. The thin-layer solid-phase extraction phase is an octadecylsilylated sol gel- coated porous silica thin film prepared on the outer wall of a test tube, which has a larger surface area for the extraction of the target compounds compared to a conventional solid-phase microextraction phase. After optimization of the extraction procedure for five types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the liquid film elution technique was investigated. Liquid film elution is an elution technique wherein the compounds extracted into the thin-layer solid-phase extraction phase are eluted using a small volume of solvent film formed around the extraction phase. The results show that the elution can be carried out using 150 μL of eluent. Enrichment factors between 20 and 34 were obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing more than four aromatic rings in 10 mL aliquots of aqueous samples. Finally, recoveries of 85-112% were obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing more than four aromatic rings from spiked natural water samples using the thin-layer solid-phase extraction-liquid film elution technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoshi Nukatsuka
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Ryota Satoh
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kihara
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
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Determination of sulfonamide residues in animal foodstuffs by magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction using magnetic carbon nanocomposites coupled with ion pair-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction combined with HPLC-DAD. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, magnetic-dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ion pair-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (MSPE-i-DLLME) was used to the pre-concentration and extraction of five sulfonamides residues (sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfacetamide, sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole) in animal foodstuffs. The sulfonamides are extracted using magnetic carbon nanocomposite and then eluted with acetonitrile. In the DLLME step, the target analytes are collected in 1-octanol containing 10% Aliquat-336 (as extraction solvent). Finally, the compounds are quantified by HPLC with DAD detection. The extraction parameters optimized using the one at the time and central composite design methods. Under the optimized conditions: sample solution volume was 100 mL; initial pH: 12, amounts of MCNs: 30 mg; desorption solvent (ACN) volume, 1 mL; desorption condition, 10 min sonication at two step; extraction solvent (1-octanol + 10% aliquat) volume, 115 µL; pH of DLLME step, 3; salt effect, 24.6%, (w/v) NaCl; centrifuge, 5 min, 4000 rpm. In these extraction conditions, the proposed procedure represented good pre-concentration factors between 130 and 490; detection limits in the range from 0.01 to 5 μg kg−1 (at S/N = 3), and linear response in the 0.1–400 μg kg−1 concentration range. The method is successfully applied to the determination of sulfonamides residues in animal foodstuffs.
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Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Morais S. Critical review of micro-extraction techniques used in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological, environmental and food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1004-1026. [PMID: 32186468 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1733103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and their accurate determination is very important to human health and environment safety. In this review, sorptive-based micro-extraction techniques [such as Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Micro-extraction in Packed Sorbent (MEPS)] and solvent-based micro-extraction [Membrane-Mediated Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction (MM-LPME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction (DLLME), and Single Drop Micro-extraction (SDME)] developed for quantification of PAHs in environmental, biological and food samples are reviewed. Moreover, recent micro-extraction techniques that have been coupled with other sample extraction strategies are also briefly discussed. The main objectives of these micro-extraction techniques are to perform extraction, pre-concentration and clean up together as one step, and the reduction of the analysis time, cost and solvent following the green chemistry guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K K K Jinadasa
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior De Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Wilson WB. Chromatographic Separations and Sample Extractions for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Araujo FM, Azevedo GC, Nogueira FDS, Matos RC, Matos MAC. Eco-friendly Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments by HS-SPME-GC/MS. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liang Y, Li Z, Shi P, Ling C, Chen X, Zhou Q, Li A. Performance of a novel magnetic solid-phase-extraction microsphere and its application in the detection of organic micropollutants in the Huai River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:196-204. [PMID: 31151058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase extraction has been increasingly applied for the detection of organic micropollutants (OMPs). However, time-consuming and high-cost disadvantages also limit the widespread use of this method, especially for the extraction of large-volume field water samples. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method based on the magnetic microsphere (M150) solid-phase-extraction (MSPE) was established to investigate the OMPs in source water throughout the whole Huai River. In brief, the results demonstrated that the extraction efficiency of the M150 was superior to that of C18 and HLB for the selected OMPs, including species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), phthalate esters (PAEs) and nitrobenzenes (NBs), and the method detection limits of M150 for these OMPs were comparable to those of C18 and HLB. The optimized conditions of extraction and elution were the 100 mg/L dosages of microspheres, extraction time of 60 min and pH of 2, and the eluent with a similar polarity, hydrophobicity and molecular structure to the OMPs rendered higher elution efficiencies. A total of 21 types of OMPs affiliating to PAHs, OCPs, PAEs and NBs were detected by the established method, with the total concentrations of 505-2310 ng/L in source water of the Huai River. Spatial differences of the OMPs were also observed, demonstrating the link between pollutant profiles and geographical locations. This study provides an alternative to enrich OMPs in filed water samples, and it reveals pollutant profiles of source water throughout the whole Huai River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zekai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, La Barbera G, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A. Recent Applications of Magnetic Solid-phase Extraction for Sample Preparation. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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David V, Galaon T, Bacalum E. Sample Enrichment by Solid-Phase Extraction for Reaching Parts per Quadrillion Levels in Environmental Analysis. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yazdanfar N, Shamsipur M, Ghambarian M. Simultaneous extraction of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls by using magnetic carbon nanocomposite based dispersive microextraction, subsequent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with two miscible stripping solvents, and quantitation by GC-μECD. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:178. [PMID: 30771010 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive new method is described for performing dispersive microextractions. It is making use of a magnetic carbon nanocomposite and two miscible organic solvents. The method was applied to simultaneous extraction of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) prior to their quantitation by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The effects of pH value of sample for both micro solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, of the amount of sorbent, extraction time, type and volume of the miscible organic solvents and of salt addition were optimized. Figures of merit obtained under optimized conditions (sample solution: 500 ml, volume of disperser solvent, ACN, 1.5 mL; volume of extraction solvent, TCB, 30 μL; extraction time: 50 min, 20 mg magnetic sorbent, centrifuge, 5 min, 4000 rpm), include (a) preconcentration factors between 10,880 and 34,000; (b) repeatabilities of ≤14.9%, (c) detection limits between 0.01 and 0.2 ng kg-1, and (d) linear dynamic ranges from 0.05 to 100 ng kg - 1. The method was applied to the simultaneous analysis of residues in (spiked) real samples of fish, milk, packing sheet, and tap waters. Some of the analytes were found to be present in fish samples. The method is simple, rapid, and more sensitive than any of the previously reported ones. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of simultaneous extraction of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by using magnetic carbon nanocomposites (MCNs) based dispersive microextraction (M-SPE), subsequent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with two miscible stripping solvents, and quantitation by GC-μECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Yazdanfar
- Iranian Institute of R&D in Chemical Industries(IRDCI) (ACECR), P. O. Box 313751575, Tehran, Iran. .,Department Chemistry
- , Razi University, P. O. Box 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Shamsipur
- Department Chemistry
- , Razi University, P. O. Box 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghambarian
- Iranian Institute of R&D in Chemical Industries(IRDCI) (ACECR), P. O. Box 313751575, Tehran, Iran
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Jalilian N, Asgharinezhad AA, Ebrahimzadeh H, Molaei K, Karami S. Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Based on Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles Coupled with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction as an Efficient Method for Simultaneous Extraction of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Drugs. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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