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Fu F, Crespy D, Landfester K, Jiang S. In situ characterization techniques of protein corona around nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39291461 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably interact with proteins upon exposure to biological fluids, leading to the formation of an adsorption layer known as the "protein corona". This corona imparts NPs with a new biological identity, directly influencing their interactions with living systems and dictating their fates in vivo. Thus, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interplay between NPs and proteins in biological fluids is crucial for predicting therapeutic effects and advancing the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Numerous methods have been established to decode the protein corona fingerprints. However, these methods primarily rely on prior isolation of NP-protein complex from the surrounding medium by centrifugation, resulting in the loss of outer-layer proteins that directly interact with the biological system and determine the in vivo fate of NPs. We discuss here separation techniques as well as in situ characterization methods tailored for comprehensively unraveling the inherent complexities of NP-protein interactions, highlighting the challenges of in situ protein corona characterization and its significance for nanomedicine development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | | | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Striegel AM. On-line coupling of hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation and depolarized multi-angle static light scattering (HF5/D-MALS). Proof of principle. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465115. [PMID: 38936166 PMCID: PMC11345793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduced here is the on-line coupling of hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF5) to depolarized multi-angle static light scattering (D-MALS). HF5 is a size-based separation alternative to size-exclusion and hydrodynamic chromatography and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. HF5 can separate larger sizes than its chromatographic counterparts and provides several advantages over its fractionation counterpart, including reduced sample consumption and greater ease of operation. D-MALS is a variant of MALS in which the depolarized scattering from the analyte solution is measured at a variety of angles simultaneously. Measurements of depolarized scattering have previously been employed in studying the optical properties of solutions or suspensions, to determine the length of rod-like analytes, and to gain increased accuracy in the determination of analyte molar mass. The coupling HF5/D-MALS allows for the depolarization ratio of a solution or suspension to be measured continuously across the fractogram. This is demonstrated here for a Teflon latex the size range of which extends beyond that accessible to commercial size-exclusion columns. The results presented provide the first reported on-line HF5/D-MALS coupling, showing the feasibility of the technique as well as its realized potential for providing continuous depolarization measurements, inter alia.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Striegel
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390, USA.
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3
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Verduin J, Tutiš L, Becking AJ, Famili A, Zhang K, Pirok BWJ, Somsen GW. Characterization of Dye-Loaded Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Combining Hydrodynamic and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18767-18775. [PMID: 38092659 PMCID: PMC10753526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Analytical methods for the assessment of drug-delivery systems (DDSs) are commonly suitable for characterizing individual DDS properties, but do not allow determination of several properties simultaneously. A comprehensive online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) system was developed that is aimed to be capable of characterizing both nanoparticle size and encapsulated cargo over the particle size distribution of a DDS by using one integrated method. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with encapsulated hydrophobic dyes were used as model DDSs. Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) was used in the first dimension to separate the intact NPs and to determine the particle size distribution. Fractions from the first dimension were taken comprehensively and disassembled online by the addition of an organic solvent, thereby releasing the encapsulated cargo. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was used as a second dimension to separate the released dyes. Conditions were optimized to ensure the complete disassembly of the NPs and the dissolution of the dyes during the solvent modulation step. Subsequently, stationary-phase-assisted modulation (SPAM) was applied for trapping and preconcentration of the analytes, thereby minimizing the risk of analyte precipitation or breakthrough. The developed HDC × RPLC method allows for the characterization of encapsulated cargo as a function of intact nanoparticle size and shows potential for the analysis of API stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshka Verduin
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Tutiš
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J. Becking
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amin Famili
- Synthetic
Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Synthetic
Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bob W. J. Pirok
- Centre
of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Analytical-Chemistry
Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
of Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Biagioni V, Cerbelli S, Desmet G. Shape-Enhanced Open-Channel Hydrodynamic Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15980-15986. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Biagioni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cerbelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184Roma, Italy
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050Brussels, Belgium
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Absolute molar mass determination in mixed solvents. 2. SEC/MALS/DRI in a mix of two “nearly-isovirial” solvents. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1231:340369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xie H, Wei X, Zhao J, He L, Wang L, Wang M, Cui L, Yu YL, Li B, Li YF. Size characterization of nanomaterials in environmental and biological matrices through non-electron microscopic techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155399. [PMID: 35472343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENs) can enter the environment, and accumulate in food chains, thereby causing environmental and health problems. Size characterization of ENs is critical for further evaluating the interactions among ENs in biological and ecological systems. Although electron microscope is a powerful tool in obtaining the size information, it has limitations when studying nanomaterials in complex matrices. In this review, we summarized non-electron microscope-based techniques, including chromatography-based, mass spectrometry-based, synchrotron radiation- and neutron-based techniques for detecting the size of ENs in environmental and biological matrices. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques were highlighted. The perspectives on size characterization of ENs in complex matrices were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, & Beijing Metallomics Facility, & National Consortium for Excellence in Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Biagioni V, Cerbelli S. 50-Fold Reduction of Separation Time in Open-Channel Hydrodynamic Chromatography via Lateral Vortices. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9872-9879. [PMID: 35765941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite its relatively long history, open-channel hydrodynamic chromatography (OC-HDC) still represents a niche technique for determining the size distribution of particle suspensions. Practical limitations of this separation method ultimately arise from the low eluent velocity that is necessary to contain the adverse increase of analyte bandwidth caused by Taylor-Aris dispersion. Because of the micrometric size of the channel cross section, the low eluent velocity translates into order of pL-per-minute flow rates, which introduce a challenge for both the injection and the detection systems. In this article, we provide theoretical/numerical evidence illustrating how a sizable reduction of the Taylor-Aris effect can be obtained by triggering cross-sectional vortices alongside the main pressure-driven axial flow. As a case study, we consider a square channel geometry where the lateral vortices are created by DC-induced electroosmosis. The analysis of particle separation is based on the classical excluded-volume macrotransport approach, which allows to derive the average particle velocity and the axial dispersion coefficient from the solution of two stationary advection-diffusion problems defined onto the channel cross section. We find that lateral vortices can enhance the separation efficiency quantitatively, e.g., by reducing the separation time of a two-species mixture by a 50-fold factor compared to standard OC-HDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Biagioni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma - Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cerbelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma - Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
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Striegel AM. Size-Exclusion Chromatography: A Twenty-First Century Perspective. Chromatographia 2022; 85:10.1007/s10337-022-04143-1. [PMID: 36620523 PMCID: PMC9813945 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Now in its sixth decade, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) remains the premier method by which to determine the molar mass averages and distributions of natural and synthetic macromolecules. Aided by its coupling to a variety and multiplicity of detectors, it has also shown its ability to characterize a host of other physicochemical properties, such as branching, chemical, and sequence length heterogeneity size distribution; chain rigidity; fractal dimension and its change as a function of molar mass; etc. SEC is also an integral part of most macromolecular two-dimensional separations, providing a second-dimension size-based technique for determining the molar mass of the components separated in the first dimension according to chemical composition, thus yielding the combined chemical composition and molar mass distributions of a sample. While the potential of SEC remains strong, our awareness of the pitfalls and challenges inherent to it and to its practice must also be ever-present. This Perspective aims to highlight some of the advantages and applications of SEC, to bring to the fore these caveats with regard to its practice, and to provide an outlook as to potential areas for expansion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M. Striegel
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390, USA
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