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Ganachaud C, Ganière C, Hacques G, Rochat N, Seifert L, Adé D. Exploring in a climbing task during a learning protocol: a complex sense-making process. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:2365-2379. [PMID: 37027038 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In perceptual-motor learning, constant and variable practice conditions have been found to have differential effects on learners' exploratory activity and their ability to transfer their skills to novel environments. However, how learners make sense of these practice conditions during practice remains unclear. This study aimed to analyse learners' experiences of different practice conditions during a climbing learning protocol and to examine how these experiences might further inform learners' exploratory activity. Twelve participants assigned to either 'Constant practice', 'Imposed Novelty', or 'Chosen novelty' groups climbed a 'Control route' (i.e. a route common to all groups) and a 'transfer route' (i.e. a new route) before and after a ten session learning protocol. Descriptions of learners' experiences during previews and climbs were collected using self-confrontation interviews. After identifying general dimensions via a thematic analysis, a hierarchical cluster analysis on these general dimensions allowed the identification of phenomenological clusters (PhC). The distribution of these PhCs was compared between the first and last learning sessions, the control and transfer routes, and the practice condition groups. We identified seven PhCs reflecting learners' meaningful exploratory activity during the previews and climbs. Significant differences in the distribution of these PhCs were found between (i) the first and the last session, (ii) the control and the transfer route and (iii) the Chosen-novelty group and the other two practice groups. These results suggest that exploration is part of a complex sense-making process linked to practice conditions, which can be described by a joint analysis of the intentions, perceptions and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Ganière
- University Clermont Auvergne, ACTé, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Nadège Rochat
- University Clermont Auvergne, ACTé, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - David Adé
- University of Rouen Normandy, CETAPS, 76000, Rouen, France
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Machado ÁS, Priego-Quesada JI, Jimenez-Perez I, Gil-Calvo M, Carpes FP, Perez-Soriano P. Effects of different hydration supports on stride kinematics, comfort, and impact accelerations during running. Gait Posture 2022; 97:115-121. [PMID: 35917702 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different supports for hydration can influence total body mass and affect running biomechanics. RESEARCH QUESTION Do different hydration supports affect the perceived exertion and comfort, stride kinematics, and impact accelerations during running? METHODS This was a crossover study design. Thirteen trail runners completed a treadmill running test divided into four different durations and randomized hydration supports conditions, lasting 8 min each at moderate intensity: A) waist bag (0.84 kg); B) medium load backpack (0.84 kg); C) full load backpack (3.40 kg); and D) a control condition without water support. Impact accelerations were measured for 30 s in 4, 6, and 8 min. The rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were registered on minutes 4 and 8. At the last minute of each condition, comfort perception was registered RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE: No condition affected the stride kinematics. Full load backpack condition reduced head acceleration peak (-0.21 g; p = 0.04; ES=0.4) and head acceleration magnitude (-0.23 g; p = 0.03; ES=0.4), and increased shock attenuation (3.08 g; p = 0.04; ES=0.3). It also elicited higher perceived exertion (p < 0.05; ES>0.8) being considered heavier (p < 0.01; ES > 1.1). The waist bag condition was more comfortable in terms of noise (p = 0.006; ES=1.3) and humidity/heat (p = 0.001; ES=0.8). The waist bag was the most comfortable support. On the other hand, the full backpack elicited lower comfort and was the only generating compensatory adjustments. These results may help to improve design of full load backpack aiming at comfort for runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro S Machado
- Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Jose Ignacio Priego-Quesada
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Irene Jimenez-Perez
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Research Group in Medical Physics (GIFIME), Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Gil-Calvo
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; IIS Aragon - iHealthy, Department of physiatry and nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Felipe P Carpes
- Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Pedro Perez-Soriano
- Research Group in Sports Biomechanics (GIBD), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Gesbert V, Hauw D, Kempf A, Blauth A, Schiavio A. Creative Togetherness. A Joint-Methods Analysis of Collaborative Artistic Performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13:835340. [PMID: 35418914 PMCID: PMC8996380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.835340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we combined first-, second-, and third-person levels of analysis to explore the feeling of being and acting together in the context of collaborative artistic performance. Following participation in an international competition held in Czech Republic in 2018, a team of ten artistic swimmers took part in the study. First, a self-assessment instrument was administered to rate the different aspects of togetherness emerging from their collective activity; second, interviews based on video recordings of their performance were conducted individually with all team members; and third, the performance was evaluated by external artistic swimming experts. By combining these levels of analysis in different ways, we explore how changes in togetherness and lived experience in individual behavior may shape, disrupt, and (re-)stabilize joint performance. Our findings suggest that the experience of being and acting together is transient and changing, often alternating phases of decrease and increase in felt togetherness that can be consistently recognized by swimmers and external raters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Hauw
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Kempf
- Center for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alison Blauth
- Artistic Swimming Swiss National Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schiavio
- Center for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Benson LC, Räisänen AM, Clermont CA, Ferber R. Is This the Real Life, or Is This Just Laboratory? A Scoping Review of IMU-Based Running Gait Analysis. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051722. [PMID: 35270869 PMCID: PMC8915128 DOI: 10.3390/s22051722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to monitor running biomechanics in real-world settings, but IMUs are often used within a laboratory. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe how IMUs are used to record running biomechanics in both laboratory and real-world conditions. We included peer-reviewed journal articles that used IMUs to assess gait quality during running. We extracted data on running conditions (indoor/outdoor, surface, speed, and distance), device type and location, metrics, participants, and purpose and study design. A total of 231 studies were included. Most (72%) studies were conducted indoors; and in 67% of all studies, the analyzed distance was only one step or stride or <200 m. The most common device type and location combination was a triaxial accelerometer on the shank (18% of device and location combinations). The most common analyzed metric was vertical/axial magnitude, which was reported in 64% of all studies. Most studies (56%) included recreational runners. For the past 20 years, studies using IMUs to record running biomechanics have mainly been conducted indoors, on a treadmill, at prescribed speeds, and over small distances. We suggest that future studies should move out of the lab to less controlled and more real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Benson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.R.); (C.A.C.); (R.F.)
- Tonal Strength Institute, Tonal, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.R.); (C.A.C.); (R.F.)
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences—Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - Christian A. Clermont
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.R.); (C.A.C.); (R.F.)
- Sport Product Testing, Canadian Sport Institute Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6B7, Canada
| | - Reed Ferber
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.R.); (C.A.C.); (R.F.)
- Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Running Injury Clinic, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Owiti S, Hauw D. The Problematic Experience of Players' Mutations Between Clubs: Discovering the Social Adaptability Skills Required. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:591438. [PMID: 34957394 PMCID: PMC8696035 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.591438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: During their career, most players working in professional team sports move from club to club. These transitions are not always completely successful and could highly impact the route of the players' development. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the psychological processes involved when players encounter problems in adapting from one club to another. Thus, it was the aim of this study to identify the most difficult aspects of these transitions, as experienced by team sports players and the psychological skills that contribute to successful outcomes. Design and Method: The present study included twenty professional basketball players (aged between 20 and 36 years old; Mean = 26.05, SD = 4.12), who had played under different coaches (coach range 4–15; Mean = 8.65, SD = 2.92), and also played for different clubs (range 3–10; Mean = 5.35, SD = 2.08). They took part in retrospective interviews regarding their embedded experiences during club to club transitions. A situated E-approach was used to identify their problematic experiences, the adaptability skills and how they are applied during club mutations. Results and Conclusions: The identification of problematic experiences revealed seven components in relation to coaching (e.g., obeying orders, reduced play time), three components with teammates (e.g., respect), two components with the club (e.g., lack of support), and three components with family/friends (e.g., geographical constraints). Additionally, results indicated that the adaptability skills used during mutation are related to three groups namely mental skills, learning methods, and interpersonal skills. The results provide coaches, players, sports psychologists, and national sport organizations a set of issues for understanding the challenges players encounter when they move from one club to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Owiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Hauw
- Department of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bruineberg J, Seifert L, Rietveld E, Kiverstein J. Metastable attunement and real-life skilled behavior. SYNTHESE 2021; 199:12819-12842. [PMID: 35058661 PMCID: PMC8727410 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-021-03355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In everyday situations, and particularly in some sport and working contexts, humans face an inherently unpredictable and uncertain environment. All sorts of unpredictable and unexpected things happen but typically people are able to skillfully adapt. In this paper, we address two key questions in cognitive science. First, how is an agent able to bring its previously learned skill to bear on a novel situation? Second, how can an agent be both sensitive to the particularity of a given situation, while remaining flexibly poised for many other possibilities for action? We will argue that both the sensitivity to novel situations and the sensitivity to a multiplicity of action possibilities are enabled by the property of skilled agency that we will call metastable attunement. We characterize a skilled agent's flexible interactions with a dynamically changing environment in terms of metastable dynamics in agent-environment systems. What we find in metastability is the realization of two competing tendencies: the tendency of the agent to express their intrinsic dynamics and the tendency to search for new possibilities. Metastably attuned agents are ready to engage with a multiplicity of affordances, allowing for a balance between stability and flexibility. On the one hand, agents are able to exploit affordances they are attuned to, while at the same time being ready to flexibly explore for other affordances. Metastable attunement allows agents to smoothly transition between these possible configurations so as to adapt their behaviour to what the particular situation requires. We go on to describe the role metastability plays in learning of new skills, and in skilful behaviour more generally. Finally, drawing upon work in art, architecture and sports science, we develop a number of perspectives on how to investigate metastable attunement in real life situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Bruineberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design – Atlas 7.130, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ludovic Seifert
- CETAPS Laboratory - EA 3832, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Erik Rietveld
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Philosophy, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Kiverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Avilés C, Navia JA, Ruiz-Pérez LM, Zapatero-Ayuso JA. How Enaction and Ecological Approaches Can Contribute to Sports and Skill Learning. Front Psychol 2020; 11:523691. [PMID: 33192764 PMCID: PMC7644965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.523691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explain learning in sports and physical education (PE) from the perspective of enactive and ecological psychology. The learning process is first presented from the enactive perspective, and some relevant notions such as sense-making and sensorimotor schemes are developed. Then, natural learning environments are described, and their importance in the human development process is explained. This is followed by a section devoted to the learner's experience in which some research methods are explained, such as neurophenomenology, in addition to self-confrontation, interviews aimed at bringing out the meaning, sensations, and emotions that performers experience when they are immersed in their sport or a PE class. The sections on the ecological approach deal with the attunement, calibration, the education of intention, and the importance of representative experimental designs. The last section addresses the main similarities and differences between the two approaches. Finally, we state our theoretical position in favor of a common project that brings together the main elements of both post-cognitive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Avilés
- Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Navia
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, de la Actividad Física y del Ocio, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis-Miguel Ruiz-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, de la Actividad Física y del Ocio, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A Zapatero-Ayuso
- Department of Languages, Arts and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Adé D, Gal-Petitfaux N, Rochat N, Seifert L, Vors O. L’analyse de l’activité dans les situations sportives par l’articulation de données hétérogènes : Réflexions et perspectives au service de l’ingénierie de conception. ACTIVITES 2020. [DOI: 10.4000/activites.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rochat N, Hacques G, Ganière C, Seifert L, Hauw D, Iodice P, Adé D. Dynamics of Experience in a Learning Protocol: A Case Study in Climbing. Front Psychol 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32153467 PMCID: PMC7044343 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the studies on motor learning have investigated the dynamics of learning behaviors and shown that the learning process is non-linear, self-organized, and situated. Aligned with this research trend, studies within the enactive paradigm focus on learners’ lived experience to understand how it shapes their intentions, actions, and perceptions. Thus, a joint analysis of experiential and behavioral assessments might help to explain the dynamics of learning (e.g., the transition between stable states). The aim of this case study was to analyze the dynamics of a beginner climber’s lived experience as his performance progressed (i.e., climbing fluency) during a learning protocol. The protocol comprised 10 climbing sessions over 5 weeks. During the sessions, the climber had to climb a “control route” (CR) (i.e., a route that never changed) and “variants” (i.e., novel routes, in which the spatial layout of the holds was modified). Phenomenological data were collected with self-confrontation interviews after each session. From the verbalizations, a thematic analysis of the climber’s intentions, actions, and perceptions was performed to detect the general dimensions of his experience. The behavioral data (the climber’s performance) were assessed using four indicators of climbing fluency: climbing time (CT), immobility ratio (IR), geometric index of entropy (GIE) of the hip trajectory, and the jerk. Our results highlighted the dynamics of the climber’s lived experience and performances in the unchanged and novel environments. The dynamics on the CR were characterized by four crucial episodes and the dynamics on the variants, by four ways of experiencing novelty. Our results are discussed around three points: (i) the climber’s definition of his enacted fluency in terms of intentions, actions, and perceptions; (ii) how the definition was identified through a dynamic phenomenological synthesis; and (iii) three effects that characterize the dynamics: challenge, metaphor, and a refinement in perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Rochat
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Hacques
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Ganière
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Seifert
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Denis Hauw
- Institute of Sport Sciences of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierpaolo Iodice
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - David Adé
- Center for the Study and the Transformation of Physical Activities, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
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