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Coffey JR, Zeitlin M, Crawford J, Snedeker J. It's All in the Interaction: Early Acquired Words Are Both Frequent and Highly Imageable. Open Mind (Camb) 2024; 8:309-332. [PMID: 38571529 PMCID: PMC10990573 DOI: 10.1162/opmi_a_00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have found that children are more likely to learn words that are frequent in the input and highly imageable. Many theories of word learning, however, predict that these variables should interact, particularly early in development: frequency of a form is of little use if you cannot infer its meaning, and a concrete word cannot be acquired if you never hear it. The present study explores this interaction, how it changes over time and its relationship to syntactic category effects in children acquiring American English. We analyzed 1461 monolingual English-speaking children aged 1;4-2;6 from the MB-CDI norming study (Fenson et al., 1994). Word frequency was estimated from the CHILDES database, and imageability was measured using adult ratings. There was a strong over-additive interaction between frequency and imageability, such that children were more likely to learn a word if it was both highly imageable and very frequent. This interaction was larger in younger children than in older children. There were reliable differences between syntactic categories independent of frequency and imageability, which did not interact with age. These findings are consistent with theories in which children's early words are acquired by mapping frequent word forms onto concrete, perceptually available referents, such that highly frequent items are only acquired if they are also imageable, and vice versa.
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2
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Kenney E, Rampalli KK, Samin S, Frongillo EA, Reyes LI, Bhandari S, Boncyk M, Nordhagen S, Walls H, Wertheim-Heck S, Ickowitz A, Cunningham SA, Ambikapathi R, Ekesa B, Matita M, Blake CE. How Livelihood Change Affects Food Choice Behaviors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100203. [PMID: 38462217 PMCID: PMC11007434 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Livelihoods have changed dramatically over the past decade in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). These shifts are happening in tandem with shifts in individual and household food choice behaviors. This scoping review aimed to identify and characterize mechanisms through which livelihood changes could affect food choice behaviors in LMIC, including behaviors relating to food production, acquisition, preparation, distribution, and consumption. A literature search was conducted using 4 databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, AGRICOLA, and Embase. The search was further enhanced by expert solicitations. Studies were included if they measured or focused on a livelihood change, described or assessed a change in ≥1 food choice behavior, and focused on LMIC. Studies were excluded if they focused on migration from LMIC to a high-income country. Of the 433 articles that were identified, 53 met the inclusion criteria. Five mechanisms of how livelihood change can affect food choice were identified: occupation, locality, time, income, and social relations. Changes in occupation altered the balance of the availability and affordability of foods in local food environments compared with individual food production. Changes in location, time use, and income influenced where food was purchased, what types of foods were acquired, and how or where foods were prepared. Additionally, changes in social relationships and norms led to expanded food preferences, particularly among urban populations. Time limitations and higher discretionary income were associated with consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Understanding the relationships between the changes in livelihood occuring in LMIC and food choices of households in these countries can inform the development of policies, programs, and other actions to promote sustainable healthy diets and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kenney
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Krystal K Rampalli
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sharraf Samin
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ligia I Reyes
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Division of Nutritional Science, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shiva Bhandari
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Morgan Boncyk
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Stella Nordhagen
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helen Walls
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid Wertheim-Heck
- Environmental Policy Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Ickowitz
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry Center, Beit Zayit, Israel
| | - Solveig A Cunningham
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ramya Ambikapathi
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Beatrice Ekesa
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mirriam Matita
- Extension Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Pandey S, Catto M, Roberts P, Bag S, Jacobson AL, Srinivasan R. Aphid gene expression following polerovirus acquisition is host species dependent. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1341781. [PMID: 38525153 PMCID: PMC10957536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Upon acquisition of persistent circulative viruses such as poleroviruses, the virus particles transcytose through membrane barriers of aphids at the midgut and salivary glands via hemolymph. Such intricate interactions can influence aphid behavior and fitness and induce associated gene expression in viruliferous aphids. Differential gene expression can be evaluated by omics approaches such as transcriptomics. Previously conducted aphid transcriptome studies used only one host species as the source of virus inoculum. Viruses typically have alternate hosts. Hence, it is not clear how alternate hosts infected with the same virus isolate alter gene expression in viruliferous vectors. To address the question, this study conducted a transcriptome analysis of viruliferous aphids that acquired the virus from different host species. A polerovirus, cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), which induced gene expression in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, was assessed using four alternate hosts, viz., cotton, hibiscus, okra, and prickly sida. Among a total of 2,942 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 750, 310, 1,193, and 689 genes were identified in A. gossypii that acquired CLRDV from infected cotton, hibiscus, okra, and prickly sida, respectively, compared with non-viruliferous aphids that developed on non-infected hosts. A higher proportion of aphid genes were overexpressed than underexpressed following CLRDV acquisition from cotton, hibiscus, and prickly sida. In contrast, more aphid genes were underexpressed than overexpressed following CLRDV acquisition from okra plants. Only four common DEGs (heat shock protein, juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase, and two unannotated genes) were identified among viruliferous aphids from four alternate hosts. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations indicated that the acquisition of CLRDV induced DEGs in aphids associated with virus infection, signal transduction, immune systems, and fitness. However, these induced changes were not consistent across four alternate hosts. These data indicate that alternate hosts could differentially influence gene expression in aphids and presumably aphid behavior and fitness despite being infected with the same virus isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Pandey
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Michael Catto
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Phillip Roberts
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Alana L. Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Ligneul C, Najac C, Döring A, Beaulieu C, Branzoli F, Clarke WT, Cudalbu C, Genovese G, Jbabdi S, Jelescu I, Karampinos D, Kreis R, Lundell H, Marjańska M, Möller HE, Mosso J, Mougel E, Posse S, Ruschke S, Simsek K, Szczepankiewicz F, Tal A, Tax C, Oeltzschner G, Palombo M, Ronen I, Valette J. Diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy: Consensus, recommendations, and resources from acquisition to modeling. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:860-885. [PMID: 37946584 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain cell structure and function reflect neurodevelopment, plasticity, and aging; and changes can help flag pathological processes such as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Accurate and quantitative methods to noninvasively disentangle cellular structural features are needed and are a substantial focus of brain research. Diffusion-weighted MRS (dMRS) gives access to diffusion properties of endogenous intracellular brain metabolites that are preferentially located inside specific brain cell populations. Despite its great potential, dMRS remains a challenging technique on all levels: from the data acquisition to the analysis, quantification, modeling, and interpretation of results. These challenges were the motivation behind the organization of the Lorentz Center workshop on "Best Practices & Tools for Diffusion MR Spectroscopy" held in Leiden, the Netherlands, in September 2021. During the workshop, the dMRS community established a set of recommendations to execute robust dMRS studies. This paper provides a description of the steps needed for acquiring, processing, fitting, and modeling dMRS data, and provides links to useful resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chloé Najac
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André Döring
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Genovese
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ileana Jelescu
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Kreis
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Lundell
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager anf Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Harald E Möller
- NMR Methods & Development Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessie Mosso
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eloïse Mougel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoires des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stefan Posse
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kadir Simsek
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chantal Tax
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Maryland, Baltimore, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marco Palombo
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Julien Valette
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoires des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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5
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Fernandez N, Frank-Crawford MA, Hanlin C, Benson R, Falligant JM, DeLeon IG. Examining patterns suggestive of acquisition during functional analyses: A consecutive controlled series of 116 cases. J Appl Behav Anal 2024; 57:426-443. [PMID: 38438321 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The functional analysis approach described by Iwata et al. (1982/1994) has been used widely to determine the variables evoking and maintaining challenging behavior. However, one potential concern with conducting functional analyses is that repeated exposure to contingencies may induce a novel functional relation. To examine the likelihood of these potential iatrogenic effects, we evaluated social test conditions of the functional analysis for 116 participants and searched for patterns of responding indicative of acquisition. Patterns suggestive of acquisition occurred in 13.70% of tangible reinforcement conditions; however, the prevalence was only slightly lower in the attention condition (8.75%). Much lower prevalence was observed for the escape condition (2.13%). When grouped by quotient score, a pattern of acquisition was just as likely to be observed in the attention condition as in the tangible condition. Additionally, patterns indicative of acquisition were no more likely to be observed with participants who emitted automatically reinforced challenging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fernandez
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Frank-Crawford
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Hanlin
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Benson
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John M Falligant
- Department of Behavioral Psychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iser G DeLeon
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Greenberg JM, Winters AD, Zagorac B, Kracht DJ, Francescutti DM, Cannella N, Ciccocioppo R, Woods LCS, Mackle J, Hardiman GT, Kuhn BN, Kalivas PW, Kuhn DM, Angoa-Perez M. Long access heroin self-administration significantly alters gut microbiome composition and structure. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1369783. [PMID: 38476614 PMCID: PMC10927763 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1369783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is well known that chronic opioid use disorder is associated with alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) function that include constipation, reduced motility, and increased bacterial translocation due to compromised gut barrier function. These signs of disrupted GI function can be associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. However, it is not known if long-access opioid self-administration has effects on the gut microbiome. Methods We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in three independent cohorts (N=40 for each) of NIH heterogeneous stock rats before onset of long-access heroin self-administration (i.e., naïve status), at the end of a 15-day period of self-administration, and after post-extinction reinstatement. Measures of microbial α- and β-diversity were evaluated for all phases. High-dimensional class comparisons were carried out with MaAsLin2. PICRUSt2 was used for predicting functional pathways impacted by heroin based on marker gene sequences. Results Community α-diversity was not altered by heroin at any of the three phases by comparison to saline-yoked controls. Analyses of β-diversity showed that the heroin and saline-yoked groups clustered significantly apart from each other using the Bray-Curtis (community structure) index. Heroin caused significant alterations at the ASV level at the self-administration and extinction phases. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was increased at the self-administration phase. Deferribacteres was decreased in heroin whereas Patescibacteria was increased in heroin at the extinction phase. Potential biomarkers for heroin emerged from the MaAsLin2 analysis. Bacterial metabolomic pathways relating to degradation of carboxylic acids, nucleotides, nucleosides, carbohydrates, and glycogen were increased by heroin while pathways relating to biosynthesis of vitamins, propionic acid, fatty acids, and lipids were decreased. Discussion These findings support the view that long access heroin self-administration significantly alters the structure of the gut microbiome by comparison to saline-yoked controls. Inferred metabolic pathway alterations suggest the development of a microbial imbalance favoring gut inflammation and energy expenditure. Potential microbial biomarkers and related functional pathways likely invoked by heroin self-administration could be targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Andrew D. Winters
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Branislava Zagorac
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - David J. Kracht
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dina M. Francescutti
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - James Mackle
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gary T. Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brittany N. Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Donald M. Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mariana Angoa-Perez
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Agarwal A, Orlow SJ. An update on private equity acquisitions in dermatology, 2013 to 2022. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:446-448. [PMID: 37863202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Agarwal
- New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York, New York
| | - Seth J Orlow
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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8
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Kubota M, Matsuoka Y, Rothman J. The acquisition of the semantics of Japanese numeral classifiers: The methodological value of nonsense. J Child Lang 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38275133 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000923000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the acquisition of numeral classifiers in 120 monolingual Japanese children. Previous research has argued that the complex semantic system underlying classifiers is late acquired. Thus, we set out to determine the age at which Japanese children are able to extend the semantic properties of classifiers to novel items/situations. Participants completed a comprehension task with a mouse-tracking extension and a production task with nonce and familiar items. While the comprehension results showed ceiling effects on familiar and nonce items, age significantly modulated a difference in accuracy between familiar and nonce items in the production task. The findings suggest that the acquisition of the underlying semantic system is acquired much earlier than previously argued. Previously attested issues with Japanese classifier production in young(er) children are more likely to reflect accessing difficulties than indexing the underlying grammatical competence of the classifier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kubota
- AcqVA Aurora Center, UiT the Arctic University of Norway
| | - Yuko Matsuoka
- School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Jason Rothman
- AcqVA Aurora Center, UiT the Arctic University of Norway
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición, University of Nebrija
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9
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Tang TPY, Lau DKY, Leung MT. Corrigendum: Corpus of Mandarin Child Language: a preliminary study on the acquisition of semantic content categories in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1359920. [PMID: 38292214 PMCID: PMC10826879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1359920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234525.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tempo Po-Yi Tang
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme: recent advances. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38228501 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2291339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole in hemoproteins, including: hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase, cytochrome c, and cytochrome P450, plays critical physiological roles in different organisms. Heme-derived chemicals, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and phycocyanobilin, are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have shown great potential in fighting viruses and diseases. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of hemoproteins and heme derivatives, which depends on the adequate heme supply in various microbial cell factories. The enhancement of endogenous biosynthesis and exogenous uptake can improve the intracellular heme supply, but the excess free heme is toxic to the cells. Therefore, based on the heme-responsive regulators, several sensitive biosensors were developed to fine-tune the intracellular levels of heme. In this review, recent advances in the: biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme were summarized to provide a solid foundation for the efficient production and application of high-value-added hemoproteins and heme derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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11
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Rodriguez R, Anderson L, Woolhiser E, Balmorez T, Cook B, Hauptman M, Kirk J, Keime N, Dellavalle RP. Diversity Among American Dermatological Association Members by Sex and Geographic Region. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e47802. [PMID: 38198199 PMCID: PMC10809161 DOI: 10.2196/47802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Emily Woolhiser
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Timothy Balmorez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Bailey Cook
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Megan Hauptman
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jessica Kirk
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Noah Keime
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Dermatology Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Regional Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Everhardt MK, Jung DE, Stiensma B, Lowie W, Başkent D, Sarampalis A. Foreign Language Acquisition in Adolescent Cochlear Implant Users. Ear Hear 2024; 45:174-185. [PMID: 37747307 PMCID: PMC10718217 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores to what degree adolescent cochlear implant (CI) users can learn a foreign language in a school setting similar to their normal-hearing (NH) peers despite the degraded auditory input. DESIGN A group of native Dutch adolescent CI users (age range 13 to 17 years) learning English as a foreign language at secondary school and a group of NH controls (age range 12 to 15 years) were assessed on their Dutch and English language skills using various language tasks that either relied on the processing of auditory information (i.e., listening task) or on the processing of orthographic information (i.e., reading and/or gap-fill task). The test battery also included various auditory and cognitive tasks to assess whether the auditory and cognitive functioning of the learners could explain the potential variation in language skills. RESULTS Results showed that adolescent CI users can learn English as a foreign language, as the English language skills of the CI users and their NH peers were comparable when assessed with reading or gap-fill tasks. However, the performance of the adolescent CI users was lower for English listening tasks. This discrepancy between task performance was not observed in their native language Dutch. The auditory tasks confirmed that the adolescent CI users had coarser temporal and spectral resolution than their NH peers, supporting the notion that the difference in foreign language listening skills may be due to a difference in auditory functioning. No differences in the cognitive functioning of the CI users and their NH peers were found that could explain the variation in the foreign language listening tasks. CONCLUSIONS In short, acquiring a foreign language with degraded auditory input appears to affect foreign language listening skills, yet does not appear to impact foreign language skills when assessed with tasks that rely on the processing of orthographic information. CI users could take advantage of orthographic information to facilitate foreign language acquisition and potentially support the development of listening-based foreign language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita K. Everhardt
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dorit Enja Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Berrit Stiensma
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wander Lowie
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Deniz Başkent
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anastasios Sarampalis
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
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Tang TPY, Lau DKY, Leung MT. Corpus of Mandarin Child Language: a preliminary study on the acquisition of semantic content categories in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1234525. [PMID: 38022991 PMCID: PMC10667479 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In studying language acquisition in children, sizable research studies have been focusing on the investigation of form and lexical semantics. This study aims to establish a child language database annotated both syntactically with part of speech and semantically with semantic content category to supplement the study of child language acquisition in the semantic domain beyond lexical level. The Corpus of Mandarin Child Language (CMCL) that documented the production of different semantic content categories by Mandarin-speaking children was established. Naturalistic language samples of 82 native Mandarin-speaking children aged 25-60 months, divided into three age groups, were obtained. The corresponding semantic content categories coded in each utterance were tagged according to previous studies, in addition to the annotations of part of speech. MLU and lexical diversity were examined and the usage and acquisition of different semantic content categories were also analyzed. The results regarding syntactic complexity and lexical diversity replicated the typical language acquisition pattern from previous studies, which supported the validity of the data obtained in the CMCL. To investigate the trajectory of acquisition of various semantic content categories by age, a 90% acquisition criterion was used. Our findings regarding the acquisition order of semantic content category were basically in line with previous studies in general, with some minor differences. This acquisition order observed is largely explained by the cognitive and syntactic complexity associated with the semantic content category, with additional influence from language specific properties and cultural specific factors of Mandarin. In addition, with the tags in both part-of-speech and semantic content category, the CMCL potentially provides a platform for examining the form-content interface in early child language acquisition, which also implies significantly on the theoretical and clinical ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tempo Po-Yi Tang
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Flasco MT, Fuchs MF. Two Distinct Genotypes of Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) Reproduce and Differentially Transmit Grapevine Red Blotch Virus. Insects 2023; 14:831. [PMID: 37887843 PMCID: PMC10607809 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Two phenotypically similar but genetically distinct genotypes of Spissistilus festinus (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Membracidae), a pest of legume crops in Southern United States and a vector of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) in California vineyards, exist. No information is available on whether the two S. festinus genotypes, i.e., California (CA) and Southeastern (SE), are sexually compatible or whether the SE genotype can transmit GRBV. In this study, we established mixed mating S. festinus pairs for which the F1 offspring varied phenotypically compared with the offspring of same genotype pairs but acquired GRBV isolate NY175 at similar rates (p = 0.96) and with a similar viral genome copy number (p = 0.34). Likewise, rates of GRBV acquisition were alike for the two parental CA (58%, 61/105) and SE (61%, 65/106) genotypes (p = 0.74), though the GRBV copy number in the salivary glands was overall significantly higher for SE than CA individuals (p = 0.02). Furthermore, the GRBV transmission rate was significantly higher for the SE genotype (89%, 16/18) than the CA genotype (50%, 8/16) (p = 0.04). These results revealed the existence of two sexually compatible S. festinus genotypes with distinct GRBV transmission abilities, suggesting the need to study GRBV ecology in Southeastern United States and areas where the two genotypes might co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison T. Flasco
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA;
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15
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) enables specific and accurate quantification of proteins with ever-increasing throughput and sensitivity. Maximizing this potential of MS requires optimizing data acquisition parameters and performing efficient quality control for large datasets. To facilitate these objectives for data-independent acquisition (DIA), we developed a second version of our framework for data-driven optimization of MS methods (DO-MS). The DO-MS app v2.0 (do-ms.slavovlab.net) allows one to optimize and evaluate results from both label-free and multiplexed DIA (plexDIA) and supports optimizations particularly relevant to single-cell proteomics. We demonstrate multiple use cases, including optimization of duty cycle methods, peptide separation, number of survey scans per duty cycle, and quality control of single-cell plexDIA data. DO-MS allows for interactive data display and generation of extensive reports, including publication of quality figures that can be easily shared. The source code is available at github.com/SlavovLab/DO-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wallmann
- Departments
of Bioengineering, Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Single
Cell Proteomics Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew Leduc
- Departments
of Bioengineering, Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Single
Cell Proteomics Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Departments
of Bioengineering, Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Single
Cell Proteomics Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Parallel
Squared Technology Institute, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
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16
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Coleman JL, Huynh M, Middleton KJ. Number of trials necessary to achieve a representative performance of accuracy and timing during combat shooting. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2039-2045. [PMID: 37430459 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Acquisition evaluations are expensive, have a high time liability, and tend to prioritize engineering requirements over human factors and good experimental design. Shooting serials usually consist of static prone shooting to minimize movement variability, increase reliability of accuracy and timing data or use a single data point to make acquisition decisions. To better understand the number of trials required to achieve representative performance of accuracy and timing, 60 shots from the standing unsupported position while cyclically moving the weapon from the low ready to shoot was utilized. Intra-class correlations, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and sequential averaging analysis (SAA) were used to evaluate the variables of radial error, shot interval, x-bias and y-bias over the 60 shots. The number of trials required to achieve an intraclass correlation of greater than 0.8 ranged from 2 (shot interval) to 58 (y-bias), whereas SAA varied between 3 (x-bias) and 43 (shot interval) trials. When averaging 10 shots at a time, the moving intraclass correlation remained above 0.8 for radial error and y-bias between 7 and 15 shots, shot interval from the second shot, but x-bias never reached 0.8. The number of trials required to satisfy each reliability method was inconsistent, in line with previous literature. Given the limitations identified in the literature as well as practical considerations such as the preference for prioritizing radial error reasonable performance stability can be achieved after 15 shots, and using the moving intraclass correlation results it is recommended that the first six shots are discarded with the following nine shots used for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma L Coleman
- Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Minh Huynh
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kane J Middleton
- Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shahen-Zoabi S, Smoum R, Beiser T, Nemirovski A, Mechoulam R, Yaka R. N-Oleoyl Glycine and Its Derivatives Attenuate the Acquisition and Expression of Cocaine-Induced Behaviors. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:812-823. [PMID: 35647907 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a key modulatory role during synaptic plasticity and homeostatic processes in the brain and plays an important role in the neurobiological processes underlying drug addiction. Impaired endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling contributes to dysregulated synaptic plasticity, increased stress responsivity, and craving that propel addiction. Therefore, we hypothesized that boosting the ECS by exogenous administration of selective eCBs will attenuate cocaine-induced behaviors. Materials and Methods: The behavioral paradigms included psychomotor sensitization (PS) and conditioned place preference (CPP). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used for quantitative profiling of eCBs in mouse brain. Results: We first measured the levels of eCBs in different brain areas of the reward system following chronic cocaine treatment. We found that following daily administration of cocaine, the levels of N-oleoyl glycine (OlGly) were significantly elevated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in a region-specific manner. We next tested whether administration of OlGly will attenuate cocaine-induced behaviors. We found that administration of OlGly during withdrawal, but not during acquisition of PS, attenuated the expression of cocaine sensitization. In addition, the administration of OlGly during the acquisition of cocaine CPP, but not during withdrawal, attenuated the expression of cocaine-conditioned reward. To enhance the stability of OlGly and its duration of action, two methylated derivatives of OlGly were synthesized, the monomethylated OlGly (HU-595) and dimethylated OlGly (HU-596). We found that the effect of administration of HU-595 or HU-596 during cocaine conditioning did not differ from the OlGly-induced decrease in the expression of CPP. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the ECS is involved in the common neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development and expression of cocaine reward and drug-seeking. Boosting the ECS exogenously has beneficial effects against cocaine-induced behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Shahen-Zoabi
- Institute for Drug Research (IDR), School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Smoum
- Institute for Drug Research (IDR), School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tehila Beiser
- Institute for Drug Research (IDR), School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Institute for Drug Research (IDR), School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research (IDR), School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Yaka
- Institute for Drug Research (IDR), School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Cui X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Hu P, Zheng Z, Deng X, Xu M. Variation of endosymbiont and citrus tristeza virus (CTV) titers in the Huanglongbing insect vector, Diaphorina citri, on CTV-infected plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236731. [PMID: 37808301 PMCID: PMC10556519 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) is a notorious agent that causes Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is transmitted by Diaphorina citri (D. citri). We recently found that the acquisition and transmission of CLas by D. citri was facilitated by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a widely distributed virus in the field. In this study, we further studied whether different CTV strains manipulate the host preference of D. citri, and whether endosymbionts variation is related to CTV strains in D. citri. The results showed that the non-viruliferous D. citri preferred to select the shoots infected with CTV, without strain differences was observed in the selection. However, the viruliferous D. citri prefered to select the mixed strain that is similar to the field's. Furthermore, D. citri effectively acquired the CTV within 2-12 h depending on the strains of the virus. The persistence period of CTV in D. citri was longer than 24 days, without reduction of the CTV titers being observed. These results provide a foundation for understanding the transmission mode of D. citri on CTV. During the process of CTV acquisition and persistence, the titers of main endosymbionts in D. citri showed similar variation trend, but their relative titers were different at different time points. The titers of the "Candidatus Profftella armatura" and CTV tended to be positively correlated, and the titers of Wolbachia and "Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" were mostly negatively related with titers of CT31. These results showed the relationship among D. citri, endosymbionts, and CTV and provided useful information for further research on the interactions between D. citri and CLas, which may benefit the development of approaches for the prevention of CLas transmission and control of citrus HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meirong Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Liu J, Li H, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Xiao M, Wang J, Huang H. Acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information based on a health promotion model for older adults in a long-term care facility. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6416-6427. [PMID: 37344968 PMCID: PMC10416078 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information of older adults in a long-term care facility. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. METHODS Sixteen older adults in a long-term care facility were recruited using purposive sampling between March and May 2021. Data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews, based on open questions regarding acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information and flexible question formulation, and the data were analysed using an inductive-deductive method. A health promotion model was used as a conceptual framework to regulate the refinement of themes. RESULTS Three themes were identified in this study. The first theme discussed the individual characteristics and experiences of older adults that contributed to their acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information. The second theme described behaviour-specific cognitions of and the effects on the participants regarding the influencing factors involving various internal individual elements and external physical environment. The third theme explored the positive behavioural outcomes of the participants resulting from these acquisition behaviours. CONCLUSION Acquisition behaviours for nutrition-related information of older adults in long-term care facilities were affected by both individual characteristics and external physical environment factors. Access to nutritional information can help older adults cultivate a healthy diet. Although they exhibited a significant interest in nutrition, the participants still encountered several difficulties. Based on the actual care needs of the older people, appropriate nutritional information interventions should be provided by healthcare providers working in long-term care facilities so as to improve the ability of the older people to acquire information independently. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION All 16 participants actively participated in the interview process and the preliminary preparation of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huiping Li
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and ManagementChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Office of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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20
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Montague AD, Davison RL, Gudiksen KL, King JS. Considerations for state-imposed conditions on healthcare provider transactions. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1220624. [PMID: 37655285 PMCID: PMC10466394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1220624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread consolidation of health systems, hospitals, and physicians has contributed to the high price of healthcare across the United States. While federal antitrust enforcers continue to play an important role in overseeing large mergers, acquisitions, and other consolidating transactions of major healthcare providers, state oversight over healthcare markets is essential to slow consolidation more broadly and address market failures across the country. State laws govern the scope of authority held by state attorneys general and other state agencies to receive notice of, review, and approve, conditionally approve, or block healthcare provider transactions, which can significantly impact the breadth and content of oversight. While blocking potentially anticompetitive transactions can help states maintain any competitive forces that remain in the market, in some situations, approving a transaction with conditions may be the best path forward. Applying conditions to transactions may allow state officials to oversee and govern the behavior of providers post-transaction while states pursue other legislative fixes. Although the use of conditions is a relatively common practice at the state level, little research has been done to explore their use among states. Following a search in all 50 states, this paper examines decisions from state officials imposing conditions intended to address the impacts of transactions on healthcare price, access, and quality and provides recommendations for the effective use of conditions moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. Montague
- The Source on Healthcare Price and Competition, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robin L. Davison
- The Source on Healthcare Price and Competition, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine L. Gudiksen
- The Source on Healthcare Price and Competition, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jaime S. King
- The Source on Healthcare Price and Competition, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Faculty of Law, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Ahmadi A, Pascoe M, Larimian M, Zarifian T, Massoodi A, Pirfirouzjaei F, Amadeh Z, Malmir Z. Phonological development in first language Laki-speaking children aged 3 to 5 years: A pilot study. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37550987 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2023.2214712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date there are no studies of speech sound acquisition in Laki, a language spoken in western regions of Iran. Thus, we set out a pilot study to investigate the speech development of 56 first language Laki-speaking children (aged 3-5 years). METHOD Single words were elicited through a picture naming test specifically developed for this study. After recording and transcribing of speech samples, percentage of consonants correct (PCC), percentage of vowels correct (PVC), and proportion of whole word proximity (PWP) were documented in four age groups (36-41, 42-47, 48-53, and 54-59 months) and both genders. Children's phonetic inventories and consonant and vowel accuracy were also described. RESULT All the sounds were considered as emerging by 53 months of age. For speech sound accuracy, all the speech sounds except /ɢ, z, ŋ, ʒ/ were mastered by 5 years. The effect of age on PCC values was significant. Also, age groups showed significant differences for PWP but were not significant for PVC. Boys and girls did not differ for PCC, PVC, and PWP values. CONCLUSION From a theoretical perspective, findings contribute to theories about phonological acquisition in general and will enable crosslinguistic comparisons. From an applied standpoint, language-specific characteristics are identified, which are much needed for clinical practice with Laki-speaking children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahmadi
- Department of Speech Therapy, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Michelle Pascoe
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marjan Larimian
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Talieh Zarifian
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armon Massoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Amadeh
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Malmir
- School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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Gaskins D, Rundblad G. Metaphor production in the bilingual acquisition of English and Polish. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1162486. [PMID: 37599708 PMCID: PMC10434249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1162486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaphor acquisition research has focused mostly on metaphor comprehension in monolingual children. Ours is the first study to examine metaphor production in young bilinguals. A quantitative method was employed whereby sixty-two children aged three to six, with English and Polish, were tested on their ability to produce primary (e.g., a long day) and perceptual resemblance metaphors (e.g., You're my sunshine) in response to elicitation tasks. A univariate ANOVA revealed that the main factors to affect the production of conventional metaphors in bilingual children are their chronological age and their verbal skills in both English and Polish. No significant effect was found for nonverbal IQ, metaphor type, or testing language. These results are discussed in the context of both Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which has been concerned with the study of primary (and other conceptual) metaphors, and Structure Mapping Theory, which has focused on the use of perceptual resemblance metaphors. Usage-Based Theory is brought in to explain lexical effects in metaphor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Gaskins
- Education, Communication and Society, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Khan S, Lang M. A Comprehensive Review on the Roles of Metals Mediating Insect-Microbial Pathogen Interactions. Metabolites 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37512546 PMCID: PMC10384549 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and microbial pathogens are ubiquitous and play significant roles in various biological processes, while microbial pathogens are microscopic organisms that can cause diseases in multiple hosts. Insects and microbial pathogens engage in diverse interactions, leveraging each other's presence. Metals are crucial in shaping these interactions between insects and microbial pathogens. However, metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, and Ni are integral to various physiological processes in insects, including immune function and resistance against pathogens. Insects have evolved multiple mechanisms to take up, transport, and regulate metal concentrations to fight against pathogenic microbes and act as a vector to transport microbial pathogens to plants and cause various plant diseases. Hence, it is paramount to inhibit insect-microbe interaction to control pathogen transfer from one plant to another or carry pathogens from other sources. This review aims to succinate the role of metals in the interactions between insects and microbial pathogens. It summarizes the significance of metals in the physiology, immune response, and competition for metals between insects, microbial pathogens, and plants. The scope of this review covers these imperative metals and their acquisition, storage, and regulation mechanisms in insect and microbial pathogens. The paper will discuss various scientific studies and sources, including molecular and biochemical studies and genetic and genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhanullah Khan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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Brown ER, O’Brien MP, Snow B, Isa F, Forleo-Neto E, Chan KC, Hou P, Cohen MS, Herman G, Barnabas RV. A Prospective Study of Key Correlates for Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad271. [PMID: 37416758 PMCID: PMC10319621 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Randomized controlled trials evaluated monoclonal antibodies for the treatment (Study 2067) and prevention (Study 2069) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Household contacts of the infected index case in Study 2067 were enrolled in Study 2069 and prospectively followed; these cohorts provided a unique opportunity to evaluate correlates of transmission, specifically viral load. Methods This post hoc analysis was designed to identify and evaluate correlates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, adjusting for potential confounding factors related to source SARS-CoV-2 viral load and risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in this population. Correlates of transmission were evaluated in potential transmission pairs (any infected household member plus susceptible household contact). Results In total, 943 participants were included. In multivariable regression, 2 potential correlates were determined to have a statistically significant (P < .05) association with transmission risk. A 10-fold increase in viral load was associated with a 40% increase in odds of transmission; sharing a bedroom with the index participant was associated with a 199% increase in odds of transmission. Conclusions In this prospective, post hoc analysis that controlled for confounders, the 2 key correlates for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within a household are sharing a bedroom and increased viral load, consistent with increased exposure to the infected individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Brown
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease and Public Health Services Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meagan P O’Brien
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Brian Snow
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Flonza Isa
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Eduardo Forleo-Neto
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Kuo-Chen Chan
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Peijie Hou
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Herman
- Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Ruanne V Barnabas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Schlechtweg M, Peters J, Frank M. L1 variation and L2 acquisition: L1 German /eː/-/ɛː/ overlap and its effect on the acquisition of L2 English /ɛ/-/æ/. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1133859. [PMID: 37448717 PMCID: PMC10336208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1133859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A person's first language (L1) affects the way they acquire speech in a second language (L2). However, we know relatively little about the role different varieties of the L1 play in the acquisition of L2 speech. This study focuses on German (L1) learners of English (L2) and asks whether the degree to which German speakers distinguish between the two vowels /eː/ and /ɛː/ in their L1 has an impact on how well these individuals identify /æ/ and discriminate between the two English vowels /ɛ/ and /æ/. These two English vowels differ in both vowel quality and duration (/æ/ is longer than /ɛ/). We report on an identification and a discrimination experiment. In the first study, participants heard a sound file and were asked to indicate whether they heard "pen" or "pan" (or "pedal" or "paddle"). The stimuli differed from each other in terms of both vowel quality (11 steps on a spectral continuum from an extreme /æ/ to an extreme /ɛ/) and duration (short, middle, long). In the second study, participants had to signal whether two sound files they were exposed to differed from each other. We modeled the percentage of /æ/ ("pan," "paddle") selection (identification task only, binomial logistic regression), accuracy (discrimination task only, binomial logistic regression), and reaction time (identification and discrimination tasks, linear mixed effects models) by implementing the German Pillai score as a measure of vowel overlap in our analysis. Each participant has an individual Pillai score, which ranges from 0 (= merger of L1 German /eː/ and /ɛː/) to 1 (=maintenance of the contrast between L1 German /eː/ and /ɛː/) and had been established, prior to the perception experiments reported here, in a production study. Although the findings from the discrimination study remain inconclusive, the results from the identification test support the hypothesis that maintaining the vowel contrast in the L1 German leads to a more native-like identification of /æ/ in L2 English. We conclude that sociolinguistic variation in someone's L1 can affect L2 acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schlechtweg
- Institute for English and American Studies, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Peters
- Institute for German Studies, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marina Frank
- Institute for German Studies, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Deutscher Sprachatlas, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Angelella GM, Waters TD. Afidopyropen as a potential tool for Potato leafroll virus management in post-neonicotinoid potato production. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:713-718. [PMID: 36951454 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) has been well managed by neonicotinoids since their widespread adoption in the United States, becoming virtually absent from seed and production fields in the Northwest. However, with increasing interest in discontinuing neonicotinoid usage, there is concern that PLRV could enjoy a resurgence in the absence of effective alternative chemistries. We tested the effects of afidopyropen, an insecticide with novel mode of action, on PLRV transmission and the feeding/probing behavior of its primary vector, the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]). Afidopyropen foliar sprays decreased PLRV transmission by individual green peach aphids relative to water controls: PLRV acquisition from treated potato plants and subsequent transmission was reduced by 89%, and PLRV inoculation by viruliferous aphids to treated potato plants was reduced by 35%. Although electropenetrograph analyses following 4-h recordings of individual aphids on potato plants showed decreases in the total and mean duration of phloem feeding (E) on plants subject to an afidopyropen treatment relative to water, these only trended toward significance. Taken together, these results suggest treatment with afidopyropen can decrease PLRV transmission in potatoes, but that significant changes in feeding/probing might not occur quickly post-exposure. Overall, while the reductions in transmission were not as dramatic as have been observed following neonicotinoid treatments, afidopyropen may be a useful alternative and should be evaluated in field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Angelella
- USDA-ARS, Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA
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Bodily JS, Bodily KD, Southern RA, Baum EE, Edwards VM. Narrative framing may increase human suboptimal choice behavior. Learn Behav 2023:10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z. [PMID: 37231106 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Under certain conditions, multiple nonhuman species have been observed engaging in choice behavior that resulted in less food earned when compared to the amount of food that was available to be earned over the course of a session. This phenomenon is particularly strong in pigeons, but has also been observed in rats and nonhuman primates. Conversely, human participants have demonstrated a propensity to choose more optimally. However, human participants do not exclusively choose the alternative associated with more reinforcement. Framing a task in a real-world narrative has been effective in improving problem-solving on other tasks such as the Wason Four-Card problem. The present study gave human participants a choice task with either abstract stimuli or with a real-world narrative. In addition, participants were given terminal stimuli that were either predictive or unpredictive of reinforcement. Thus, participants were assigned to one of four conditions: Abstract Predictive, Abstract Unpredictive, Narrative Predictive, or Narrative Unpredictive. In contrast to the improved performance on the Wason Four-Card task, the current study found no evidence that the addition of a real-world narrative improved optimal choice performance. Rather, it may have interfered with optimal choice selection in that participants who received the narrative and unpredictive terminal stimuli were at chance performance at the end of the experimental session. Conversely, participants in the Abstract Unpredictive, Abstract Predictive, and Narrative Predictive conditions all demonstrated a preference for the optimal alternative. Possible mechanisms for these findings and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stagner Bodily
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
- Auburn University at Montgomery, 7400 East Drive Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36117, USA.
| | - Kent D Bodily
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
- The Learning Tree, LLC, Tallassee, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Southern
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Erin E Baum
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
- Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Vincent M Edwards
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Guo H, Ali T, Que J, Zhou Y, Bai Y. Dendritic spine dynamics in associative memory: A comprehensive review. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22896. [PMID: 37000506 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Associative learning and memory are fundamental behavioral processes through which organisms adapt to complex environments. Associative memory involves long-lasting changes in synaptic plasticity. Dendritic spines are tiny protrusions from the dendritic shaft of principal neurons, providing the structural basis for synaptic plasticity and brain networks in response to external stimuli. Mounting evidence indicates that dendritic spine dynamics are crucial in different associative memory phases, including acquisition, consolidation, and reconsolidation. Causally bridging dendritic spine dynamics and associative memory is still limited by the suitable tools to measure and control spine dynamics in vivo under behaviorally relevant conditions. Here, we review data providing evidence for the remodeling of dendritic spines during associative memory processing and outline open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Que
- Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen Mental Health Center, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, 361012, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
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29
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Manthopoulou E, Ramai D, Ioannou A, Gkolfakis P, Papanikolaou IS, Mangiavillano B, Triantafyllou K, Crinò SF, Facciorusso A. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition beyond the pancreas. Ann Gastroenterol 2023; 36:257-266. [PMID: 37144012 PMCID: PMC10152811 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2023.0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) offers the ability to obtain tissue material via a fine needle under direct visualization for cytological or pathological examination. Prior studies have looked at EUS tissue acquisition; however, most reports have been centered around lesions of the pancreas. This paper aims to review the literature on EUS tissue acquisition in other organs (beyond the pancreas) such as the liver, biliary tree, lymph nodes, and upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. Furthermore, techniques for obtaining tissue samples under EUS guidance continue to evolve. Specifically, some of the techniques that endoscopists employ are suction techniques (i.e., dry heparin, dry suction technique, wet suction technique), the slow pull technique, and the fanning technique. Apart from acquisition techniques, the type and size of the needle utilized play a major role in the quality of samples. This review describes the indications for tissue acquisition for each organ, and also describes and compares the various tissue acquisition techniques, as well as the different needles used according to their shape and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Manthopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Savvas Oncology Hospital of Athens, Greece (Eleni Manthopoulou)
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (Daryl Ramai)
| | - Alexandros Ioannou
- Gastroenterology Department, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Alexandros Ioannou)
| | - Paraskevas Gkolfakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium (Paraskevas Gkolfakis)
| | - Ioannis S. Papanikolaou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘‘Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Ioannis S. Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Triantafyllou)
| | - Benedetto Mangiavillano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy (Benedetto Mangiavillano)
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘‘Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Ioannis S. Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Triantafyllou)
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinò
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy (Stefano Francesco Crinò)
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (Antonio Facciorusso)
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Kim HJ, Hyun J, Jeong HS, Lee YK. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition and Colonization at a Korean Hospital over 1 Year. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040759. [PMID: 37107121 PMCID: PMC10135040 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are known to be primarily responsible for the increasing spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and have therefore been targeted for preventing transmission and appropriate treatment. This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of CPE infection in terms of acquisition and colonization. Methods: We examined patients' hospital data, including active screening on patients' admission and in intensive care units (ICUs). We identified risk factors for CPE acquisition by comparing the clinical and epidemiological data of CPE-positive patients between colonization and acquisition groups. Results: A total of 77 CPE patients were included (51 colonized and 26 acquired). The most frequent Enterobacteriaceae species was Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among CPE-colonized patients, 80.4% had a hospitalization history within 3 months. CPE acquisition was significantly associated with treatment in an ICU [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 46.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.08-430.09] and holding a gastrointestinal tube (aOR: 12.70, 95% CI: 2.61-61.84). Conclusions: CPE acquisition was significantly associated with ICU stay, open wounds, holding catheters or tubes, and antibiotic treatment. Active CPE screening should be implemented on admission and periodically for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Division of Healthcare Associated Infection Control, Bureau of Healthcare Safety and Immunization, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHee Hyun
- Division of Healthcare Associated Infection Control, Bureau of Healthcare Safety and Immunization, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Jeong
- Division of Healthcare Associated Infection Control, Bureau of Healthcare Safety and Immunization, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyeng Lee
- Division of Healthcare Associated Infection Control, Bureau of Healthcare Safety and Immunization, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
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Flasco MT, Hoyle V, Cieniewicz EJ, Loeb G, McLane H, Perry K, Fuchs MF. The Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hopper, Spissistilus festinus, Is a Vector of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in Vineyards. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040927. [PMID: 37112907 PMCID: PMC10142188 DOI: 10.3390/v15040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) transmit grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, Grablovirus, Geminiviridae) in greenhouse settings; however, their role as a vector of GRBV in vineyards is unknown. Following controlled exposures of aviruliferous S. festinus for two weeks on infected, asymptomatic vines in a California vineyard in June and a 48 h gut clearing on alfalfa, a nonhost of GRBV, approximately half of the released insects tested positive for GRBV (45%, 46 of 102), including in the salivary glands of dissected individuals (11%, 3 of 27), indicating acquisition. Following controlled exposures of viruliferous S. festinus for two to six weeks on GRBV-negative vines in vineyards in California and New York in June, transmission of GRBV was detected when two S. festinus were restricted to a single leaf (3%, 2 of 62 in California; 10%, 5 of 50 in New York) but not with cohorts of 10-20 specimens on entire or half shoots. This work was consistent with greenhouse assays in which transmission was most successful with S. festinus exposed to a single leaf (42%, 5 of 12), but rarely occurred on half shoots (8%, 1 of 13), and never on entire shoots (0%, 0 of 18), documenting that the transmission of GRBV is facilitated through the feeding of fewer S. festinus on a restricted area of grapevine tissue. This work demonstrates S. festinus is a GRBV vector of epidemiological importance in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison T Flasco
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Victoria Hoyle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | | | - Greg Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Heather McLane
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Keith Perry
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marc F Fuchs
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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Alhamad BR, Agha S. Comparing Knowledge Acquisition and Retention Between Mobile Learning and Traditional Learning in Teaching Respiratory Therapy Students: A Randomized Control Trial. Adv Med Educ Pract 2023; 14:333-342. [PMID: 37051507 PMCID: PMC10084877 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s390794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mobile learning (m-learning) is one of the trends in health professions' education. It has a promising future in education, but it also presents various challenges and risks. This research seeks to highlight some of the greatest accomplishments, opportunities, and issues related to m-Learning in teaching and learning. We believe the findings help us maximize the positive effects of m-Learning while minimizing any potential drawbacks associated with the technological changes taking place in education. The study aimed to compare respiratory therapy students' knowledge acquisition and retention between using m-learning and traditional learning. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Randomized pre-test, post-test, control group design was used. All 3rd year (N = 46) respiratory therapy students in one governmental university in Saudi Arabia were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Both groups took the same content of arterial blood gas lecture for 2 hours. The intervention group took the lecture using m-learning; two mobile apps: (1) ABG Book, (2) Arterial Blood Gas (Lite). The traditional learning (lecture-based learning) was used for the control group. The same test was conducted before, immediately after, and two weeks after the lecture. The duration of the test was 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA using p < 0.05. IRB Approval was obtained. RESULTS Forty-five students participated. Although no statistically significant difference was found on knowledge acquisition and retention between the two types of learning (p = 0.305, p = 0.904, respectively), it was found among the three time-points within each group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Both m-learning and traditional learning are effective in increasing knowledge acquisition and retention. However, no one is better than the other. Further researches were needed with larger sample size through multi-institutional studies to validate the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bshayer Ramadan Alhamad
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajida Agha
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gangolli M, Wang WT, Gai ND, Pham DL, Butman JA. Simultaneous Acquisition of Diffusion Tensor and Dynamic Diffusion MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1079-1092. [PMID: 36056625 PMCID: PMC9981815 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (ddMRI) metrics can assess transient microstructural alterations in tissue diffusivity but requires additional scan time hindering its clinical application. PURPOSE To determine whether a diffusion gradient table can simultaneously acquire data to estimate dynamic and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Seven healthy subjects, 39 epilepsy patients (15 female, 31 male, age ± 15). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Two-dimensional diffusion MRI (b = 1000 s/mm2 ) at a field strength of 3 T. Sessions in healthy subjects-standard ddMRI (30 directions), standard DTI (15 and 30 directions), and nested cubes scans (15 and 30 directions). Sessions in epilepsy patients-two 30 direction (standard ddMRI, 10 nested cubes) or two 15 direction scans (standard DTI, 5 nested cubes). ASSESSMENT Fifteen direction DTI was repeated twice for within-session test-retest measurements in healthy subjects. Bland-Altman analysis computed bias and limits of agreement for DTI metrics using test-retest scans and standard 15 direction vs. 5 nested cubes scans. Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis compared tensor metrics between 15 direction DTI scans (standard vs. 5 nested cubes) and the coefficients of variation (CoV) of trace and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between 30 direction ddMRI scans (standard vs. 10 nested cubes). STATISTICAL TESTS Bland-Altman and ICC analysis using a P-value of 0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS Correlations of mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were strong and significant in gray (ICC > 0.95) and white matter (ICC > 0.95) between standard vs. nested cubes DTI acquisitions. Correlation of white matter fractional anisotropy was also strong (ICC > 0.95) and significant. ICCs of the CoV of dynamic ADC measured using repeated cubes and nested cubes acquisitions were modest (ICC >0.60), but significant in gray matter. CONCLUSION A nested cubes diffusion gradient table produces tensor-based and dynamic diffusion measurements in a single acquisition. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika Gangolli
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc
| | - Wen-Tung Wang
- National Institutes of Health, Radiology and Imaging Sciences
| | - Neville D. Gai
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
| | - Dzung L. Pham
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine
- Uniformed Services University, Radiology and Radiological Sciences
| | - John A. Butman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine
- National Institutes of Health, Radiology and Imaging Sciences
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Morez J, Szczepankiewicz F, den Dekker AJ, Vanhevel F, Sijbers J, Jeurissen B. Optimal experimental design and estimation for q-space trajectory imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1793-1809. [PMID: 36564927 PMCID: PMC9921251 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensor-valued diffusion encoding facilitates data analysis by q-space trajectory imaging. By modeling the diffusion signal of heterogeneous tissues with a diffusion tensor distribution (DTD) and modulating the encoding tensor shape, this novel approach allows disentangling variations in diffusivity from microscopic anisotropy, orientation dispersion, and mixtures of multiple isotropic diffusivities. To facilitate the estimation of the DTD parameters, a parsimonious acquisition scheme coupled with an accurate and precise estimation of the DTD is needed. In this work, we create two precision-optimized acquisition schemes: one that maximizes the precision of the raw DTD parameters, and another that maximizes the precision of the scalar measures derived from the DTD. The improved precision of these schemes compared to a naïve sampling scheme is demonstrated in both simulations and real data. Furthermore, we show that the weighted linear least squares (WLLS) estimator that uses the squared reciprocal of the noisy signal as weights can be biased, whereas the iteratively WLLS estimator with the squared reciprocal of the predicted signal as weights outperforms the conventional unweighted linear LS and nonlinear LS estimators in terms of accuracy and precision. Finally, we show that the use of appropriate constraints can considerably increase the precision of the estimator with only a limited decrease in accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Morez
- imec‐Vision Lab, Department of PhysicsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Arnold J. den Dekker
- imec‐Vision Lab, Department of PhysicsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Floris Vanhevel
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- imec‐Vision Lab, Department of PhysicsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- imec‐Vision Lab, Department of PhysicsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- μNEURO Research Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Department of PhysicsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Li Y, Lefebvre F, Nakku-Joloba E, Ronald A, Gray G, de Bruyn G, Kiarie J, Celum C, Cameron MJ, Lingappa JR, Mackelprang RD. Upregulation of PTPRC and Interferon Response Pathways in HIV-1 Seroconverters Prior to Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:714-719. [PMID: 36637125 PMCID: PMC9978315 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals may have unique characteristics that alter susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, identifying truly exposed HESN is challenging. We utilized stored data and biospecimens from HIV-1 serodifferent couple cohorts, in which couples' HIV-1 exposures were quantified based on unprotected sex frequency and viral load of the partner with HIV-1. We compared peripheral blood gene expression between 15 HESN and 18 seroconverters prior to infection. We found PTPRC (encoding CD45 antigen) and interferon-response pathways had significantly higher expression among individuals who went on to become seropositive and thus may be a signature for increased acquisition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Li
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francois Lefebvre
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics-Montréal Node, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Allan Ronald
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Glenda Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Guy de Bruyn
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - James Kiarie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jairam R Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Romel D Mackelprang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Roldán EL, Stelinski LL, Pelz-Stelinski KS. Foliar Antibiotic Treatment Reduces Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Acquisition by the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), but Does not Reduce Tree Infection Rate. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:78-89. [PMID: 36516405 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is the most destructive disease of cultivated citrus worldwide. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the putative causal agent of HLB, is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). In Florida, D. citri was first reported in 1998, and CLas was confirmed in 2005. Management of HLB relies on the use of insecticides to reduce vector populations. In 2016, antibiotics were approved to manage CLas infection in citrus. Diaphorina citri is host to several bacterial endosymbionts and reducing endosymbiont abundance is known to cause a corresponding reduction in host fitness. We hypothesized that applications of oxytetracycline and streptomycin would reduce: CLas populations in young and mature citrus trees, CLas acquisition by D. citri, and D. citri abundance. Our results indicate that treatment of citrus with oxytetracycline and streptomycin reduced acquisition of CLas by D. citri adults and emerging F1 nymphs as compared with that observed in trees treated only with insecticides, but not with antibiotics. However, under field conditions, neither antibiotic treatment frequency tested affected CLas infection of young or mature trees as compared with insecticide treatment alone (negative control); whereas trees enveloped with mesh screening that excluded vectors did prevent bacterial infection (positive control). Populations of D. citri were not consistently affected by antibiotic treatment under field conditions, as compared with an insecticide only comparison. Collectively, our results suggest that while foliar application of oxytetracycline and streptomycin to citrus reduces acquisition of CLas bacteria by the vector, even high frequency applications of these formulations under field conditions do not prevent or reduce tree infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Roldán
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Kirsten S Pelz-Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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Khanjari Y, Arabameri E, Shahbazi M, Tahmasebi S, Bahrami F, Mobaien A. The simultaneous changes in motor performance and EEG patterns in beta band during learning dart throwing skill in dominant and non-dominant hand. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:127-137. [PMID: 35262437 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2048375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although changes in performance during the learning of various sports skills have been studied, however, how these changes at the brain level is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneous changes in motor performance and EEG patterns in beta band during learning dart throwing skill in dominant and non-dominant hand. Methodology: The samples consisted of 14 non-athlete students with an average age of 23 ± 2.5, which were divided into two group dominant hand (7) and non-dominant hand (7). Repeated measures ANOVA were used to measure data at the execution level and changes in EEG activity. Results: The results of this study at the performance level showed a significant reduction in the absolute error of dart throwing and at the same time at the brain level increased EEG activity in frontal and parietal-posterior regions along with decreased central area activity in acquisition and retention stages in both groups (P<.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the activity of EEG pattern in the dominant and non-dominant hand groups except for two channels AF3 and PO4 (P<.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that along with relatively constant changes in performance during dart skill learning, relatively constant changes in EEG activity pattern occur, so that the concept of motor learning is also visible at the brain level. Also, the results of this study supported the existence of the different motor program for dominant and non-dominant hand control in the conditions of bilateral transfer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khanjari
- Department of motor behavior and sport psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Arabameri
- Department of motor behavior and sport psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of motor behavior and sport psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahzad Tahmasebi
- Department of motor behavior and sport psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Bahrami
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mobaien
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Faculty of Electrical Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Alexandru TG, Alexandru A, Popescu FD, Andraș A. The Development of an Energy Efficient Temperature Controller for Residential Use and Its Generalization Based on LSTM. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:453. [PMID: 36617053 PMCID: PMC9824644 DOI: 10.3390/s23010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermostats operate alongside intelligent home automation systems for ensuring both the comfort of the occupants as well as the responsible use of energy. The effectiveness of such solutions relies on the ability of the adopted control methodology to respond to changes in the surrounding environment. In this regard, process disturbances such as severe wind or fluctuating ambient temperatures must be taken into account. The present paper proposes a new approach for estimating the heat transfer of residential buildings by employing a lumped parameter thermal analysis model. Various control strategies are adopted and tuned into a virtual environment. The knowledge gained is generalized by means of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. Laboratory scale experiments are provided to prove the given concepts. The results achieved highlight the efficiency of the implemented temperature controller in terms of overshoot and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor George Alexandru
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Alexandru
- National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics, 011455 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 130004 Targoviste, Romania
| | - Florin Dumitru Popescu
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petroșani, 332009 Petrosani, Romania
| | - Andrei Andraș
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petroșani, 332009 Petrosani, Romania
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Liao S, Xiao W, Wang Y. Sex Differences in the Effects of Cognitive Reappraisal Training on Conditioned Fear Responses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15837. [PMID: 36497911 PMCID: PMC9739676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in emotion regulation strategies may impact sex differences in affective disorders. Using cognitive reappraisal strategy in the discriminative task of conditioned fear was studied to understand how sex differences in emotion regulation impact on conditioned fear in men and women. College students with low cognitive reappraisal scores completed the task of conditioned fear during two days: acquisition and extinction at the first day, and re-extinction at the second day. The reappraisal training was carried out before conditioned fear task. The self-reported fear rating of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and US-expectancy in the conditioned fear (unconditioned stimulus, US) were analyzed. Results showed all subjects acquired conditional fear and successfully distinguished CS+ from CS-. Cognitive reappraisal significantly reduces the fear rating and improves the extinction of US-expectancy in both sexes, but the fear rating in female reappraisal group decreases more slowly than that in male reappraisal group, as well as the extinction of US-expectancy in woman requiring a longer time and more trials of extinction than that in men. For individuals with low cognitive reappraisal scores, cognitive reappraisal promotes the extinction of conditioned fear in both males and females. Because of the original gender difference of conditioned fear extinction and emotion regulation, the effect of cognitive reappraisal on conditioned fear is complex, which shows differently in influence speed and practice effect.
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Kleynhans J, Walaza S, Martinson NA, Neti M, von Gottberg A, Bhiman JN, Toi D, Amoako DG, Buys A, Ndlangisa K, Wolter N, Genade L, Maloma L, Chewparsad J, Lebina L, de Gouveia L, Kotane R, Tempia S, Cohen C. Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020-2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e71-e81. [PMID: 35925613 PMCID: PMC9384657 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available. METHODS We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic adult index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and not living with HIV (NLWH) and their contacts from October 2020 to September 2021. Households were followed up 3 times a week for 6 weeks to collect nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. We estimated household cumulative infection risk (HCIR) and duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (at a cycle threshold value <30 as proxy for high viral load). RESULTS HCIR was 59% (220 of 373), not differing by index HIV status (60% LWH vs 58% NLWH). HCIR increased with index case age (35-59 years: adjusted OR [aOR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5-7.8 and ≥60 years: aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-10.1) compared with 18-34 years and with contacts' age, 13-17 years (aOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.5-33.9) and 18-34 years (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0-18.4) compared with <5 years. Mean positivity was longer in cases LWH (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, .1-.9). CONCLUSIONS Index HIV status was not associated with higher HCIR, but cases LWH had longer positivity duration. Adults aged >35 years were more likely to transmit and individuals aged 13-34 to be infected SARS-CoV-2 in the household. As HIV infection may increase transmission, health services must maintain HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Kleynhans
- Correspondence: J. Kleynhans, Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, 2192, Johannesburg, South Africa ()
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil A Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mzimasi Neti
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jinal N Bhiman
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dylan Toi
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Amelia Buys
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kedibone Ndlangisa
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leisha Genade
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucia Maloma
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juanita Chewparsad
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Linda de Gouveia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Retshidisitswe Kotane
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Malvisi L, Yarraguntla A, Mortier MC, Osman K, Cleary DW, Sente B, Pascal TG, Weynants V, Clarke SC, Taddei L, Wilkinson TMA, Devaster JM, Devos N. Impact of bacterial strain acquisition in the lung of patients with COPD: the AERIS study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:784-793. [PMID: 35794793 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections are associated with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), but the mechanism is incompletely understood. METHOD In a COPD observational study (NCT01360398), sputum samples were collected monthly at the stable state and exacerbation. Post-hoc analyses of 1307 non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) isolates from 20 patients and 756 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from 38 patients in one year of follow-up were conducted by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). All isolates came from cultured sputum samples that were analyzed for bacterial species presence, apparition (infection not detected at the preceding visit), or acquisition (first-time infection), with the first study visit as a baseline. Strain apparition or new strain acquisition was analyzed by MLST. The odds ratio (OR) of experiencing an exacerbation vs. stable state was estimated by conditional logistic regression modelling, stratified by patient. RESULTS The culture results confirmed a significant association with exacerbation only for NTHi species presence (OR 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-4.64) and strain apparition (OR 2.38; 95% CI: 1.08-5.27). For M. catarrhalis, although confidence intervals overlapped, the association with exacerbation for first-time species acquisition (OR 5.99; 2.75-13.02) appeared stronger than species presence (OR 3.67; 2.10-6.40), new strain acquisition (OR 2.94; 1.43-6.04), species apparition (OR 4.18; 2.29-7.63), and strain apparition (OR 2.78; 1.42-5.42). This may suggest that previous M. catarrhalis colonization may modify the risk of exacerbation associated with M. catarrhalis infection. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that NTHi and M. catarrhalis infections are associated with AECOPD but suggest different dynamic mechanisms in triggering exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen Osman
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David W Cleary
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stuart C Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton Foundation NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Aristova M, Pang J, Ma Y, Ma L, Berhane H, Rayz V, Markl M, Schnell S. Accelerated dual-venc 4D flow MRI with variable high-venc spatial resolution for neurovascular applications. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1643-1658. [PMID: 35754143 PMCID: PMC9392495 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dual‐velocity encoded (dual‐venc or DV) 4D flow MRI achieves wide velocity dynamic range and velocity‐to‐noise ratio (VNR), enabling accurate neurovascular flow characterization. To reduce scan time, we present interleaved dual‐venc 4D Flow with independently prescribed, prospectively undersampled spatial resolution of the high‐venc (HV) acquisition: Variable Spatial Resolution Dual Venc (VSRDV). Methods A prototype VSRDV sequence was developed based on a Cartesian acquisition with eight‐point phase encoding, combining PEAK‐GRAPPA acceleration with zero‐filling in phase and partition directions for HV. The VSRDV approach was optimized by varying z, the zero‐filling fraction of HV relative to low‐venc, between 0%–80% in vitro (realistic neurovascular model with pulsatile flow) and in vivo (n = 10 volunteers). Antialiasing precision, mean and peak velocity quantification accuracy, and test–retest reproducibility were assessed relative to reference images with equal‐resolution HV and low venc (z = 0%). Results In vitro results for all z demonstrated an antialiasing true positive rate at least 95% for RPEAK−GRAPPA = 2 and 5, with no linear relationship to z (p = 0.62 and 0.13, respectively). Bland–Altman analysis for z = 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% versus z = 0% in vitro and in vivo demonstrated no bias >1% of venc in mean or peak velocity values at any RZF. In vitro mean and peak velocity, and in vivo peak velocity, had limits of agreement within 15%. Conclusion VSRDV allows up to 34.8% scan time reduction compared to PEAK‐GRAPPA accelerated DV 4D Flow MRI, enabling large spatial coverage and dynamic range while maintaining VNR and velocity measurement accuracy. Click here for author‐reader discussions
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aristova
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jianing Pang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,MR R&D and Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liliana Ma
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Haben Berhane
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Vitaliy Rayz
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University College of Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Susanne Schnell
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Muradás-Taylor B. Accuracy and Stability in English Speakers' Production of Japanese Pitch Accent. Lang Speech 2022; 65:377-403. [PMID: 34227413 PMCID: PMC9014664 DOI: 10.1177/00238309211022376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Standard Japanese uses pitch accent to distinguish words such as initially-accented hashi "chopsticks" and finally-accented hashi "bridge." Research on the second language acquisition of pitch accent shows considerable variation: in accuracy scores in identification, in different dominant accent types in production, and in the unstable accent types of repeated words. This study investigates pitch accent production in English-speaking learners of Japanese, asking how accuracy and stability vary (a) with amount of Japanese experience and (b) between learners. Two groups of learners (13 less experienced; 8 more experienced) produced 180 words in three contexts (e.g., ame "rain," ame da "it's rain," and ame ga furu "rain falls"). Three Japanese phoneticians identified the accent types of the words that the learners produced. The results showed no difference in accuracy or stability between the two groups and little inter-learner variation in accuracy: all had low accuracy. Although some learners had relatively high stability, they did not maintain accent type contrasts across contexts. These results suggest that first language English speakers do not encode pitch accent in long-term memory, raising questions for future research and language teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Muradás-Taylor
- Becky Muradás-Taylor, York St John
University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, UK.
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Hadji M, Mortazavi M, Saberi S, Esmaieli M, Amini N, Akrami R, Daroudian R, Shakeri F, Khedmat H, Pukkala E, Mohammadi M, Zendehdel K. Helicobacter pylori acquisition rates and the associated risk factors amongst newlywed couples; a prospective cohort study in Tehran, Iran. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104974. [PMID: 35618156 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rates and routes of Helicobacter pylori transmission, in a high prevalent country like Iran, with gastric cancer as the leading cause of male cancer mortality is of essence. Here, we have studied the H. pylori-associated risk factors and the likelihood of interspousal transmission. METHODS In a cohort of 686 young prewed couples, questionnaires were self-administered and serum samples were collected, for assessment of risk factors and sero-status of H. pylori, at baseline and follow-up. Of the 475 H. pylori single- or double-seronegative couples, 201 returned for follow-up. The average follow-up duration was 2.2 (SD 0.6) years, with a total of 560.1 person-years. Logistic regression and Cox regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS The risk of infection was higher in men than women (OR:1.3, 95%CI:1.0-1.8) and among metropolitan than rural residents (OR=1.4, 95%CI:1.1-1.9). The risk of infection was significantly higher among those with three siblings (OR=1.6, 95%CI:1.1-2.2), and four or more siblings (OR=1.4, 95%CI:1.0-1.9), in reference to those with one or no siblings. H. pylori acquisition occurred in 10.9% (27/247) of the H. pylori seronegative participants. The risk of acquisition was significantly higher in older aged (HR=1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3) and higher educated (HR=0.2, 95%CI:0.1-0.9) participants, than younger and illiterate subjects, respectively. Our analysis did not find any evidence for interspousal transmission (HR=1.0, 95%CI: 0.4-2.2). CONCLUSION Although we detected H. pylori acquisition in the young adult Iranian population, our findings did not support interspousal transmission, as a mode of adult H. pylori aquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mahshid Mortazavi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaieli
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Amini
- Department of Surgery, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Rahim Akrami
- Department of epidemiology & biostatistics, School of Public health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Department of epidemiology & biostatistics, School of Public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Daroudian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shakeri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khedmat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tu L, Zhou F, Omata K, Li W, Huang R, Gao W, Zhu Z, Li Y, Liu C, Mao M, Zhang S, Hanakawa T. Increased Gray Matter Volume Induced by Chinese Language Acquisition in Adult Alphabetic Language Speakers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:824219. [PMID: 35548546 PMCID: PMC9084625 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.824219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is interesting to explore the effects of second language (L2) acquisition on anatomical change in brain at different stages for the neural structural adaptations are dynamic. Short-term Chinese training effects on brain anatomical structures in alphabetic language speakers have been already studied. However, little is known about the adaptations of the gray matter induced by acquiring Chinese language for a relatively long learning period in adult alphabetic language speakers. To explore this issue, we recruited 38 Indian overseas students in China as our subjects. The learned group included 17 participants who had learned Mandarin Chinese for an average of 3.24 years and achieved intermediate Chinese language proficiency. The control group included 21 subjects who had no knowledge about Chinese. None of the participants had any experience in learning logographic and tonal language before Chinese learning. We found that (1) the learned group had significantly greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the left lingual gyrus (LG) compared with the control group; (2) the Chinese characters’ reading accuracy was significantly and positively correlated to the GMV in the left LG and fusiform gyrus (FG) across the two groups; and (3) in the learned group, the duration of Chinese learning was significantly and positively correlated with the GMV in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) after correction for multiple comparisons with small volume corrections. Our structural imaging findings are in line with the functional imaging studies reporting increased brain activation induced by Chinese acquisition in alphabetic language speakers. The regional gray matter changes reflected the additional requirements imposed by the more difficult processing of Chinese characters and tones. The present study also show that the biological bases of the adaptations induced by a relatively long period of Chinese learning were limited in the common areas for first and foreign language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tu
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kei Omata
- Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Wendi Li
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology and MRI Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- South China Business Trade College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Mao
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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McLeod S, Margetson K, Wang C, Tran VH, Verdon S, White K, Phạm B. Speech acquisition within a 3-generation Vietnamese-English family: the influence of maturation and ambient phonology. Clin Linguist Phon 2022; 36:470-493. [PMID: 33393381 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2020.1862915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence approach to speech acquisition theorises the influence of intrinsic capabilities (e.g., maturation), interactional capabilities, and extrinsic contexts (e.g., ambient phonology). Intrinsic and extrinsic influences were examined via a case study of a 3-generation Vietnamese-English family with two brothers (C1 aged 5;6 and C2 aged 3;10), their mother (M), grandfather (GF) and grandmother (GM). Their speech was assessed using the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP) and the Vietnamese Speech Assessment (VSA). Standard Australian English/Standard Vietnamese productions were defined as 'correct', even though the adults spoke different Vietnamese dialects. Their percentage of standard consonants correct (PSCC) was: C1 (English:92.27%, Vietnamese:89.05%), C2 (E:86.47%, VN:86.13%), M (E:90.34%, VN:96.35%), GF (E:82.61%, VN:97.81%), GM (VN:99.27%). Percentages were higher when dialectal variants were included. C1 and C2 had more pronunciation matches with English (86.96%) than Vietnamese (79.56%). C1's pronunciation matched: M (E:85.02%, VN:83.94%), GF (E:79.23%, VN:77.37%), GM (VN:73.72%) and C2's pronunciation matched: M (E:79.23%, VN:73.72%), GF (E:73.91%, VN:75.18%), GM (VN:72.26%). There was evidence of ambient phonology influences and cross-linguistic transfer. For example, in Vietnamese 'r' is produced as /ʐ/ or /r/ , but was produced by C1 as [ɹ] (English approximant) and by C2 [w] (age-appropriate/ɹ/substitution). The children demonstrated maturation influences for late-occurring English consonants (e.g., English /θ/ →[f]). This study found evidence for the emergence approach and recommends knowledge of the ambient phonology augments traditional child-focused understandings of children's speech acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cen Wang
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Van H Tran
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | | | | | - Ben Phạm
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
- Hanoi National University of Education, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Ahmed W, Rajendran KV, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. An Experimental Murine Model to Study Acquisition Dynamics of Tick-Borne Langat Virus in Ixodes scapularis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:849313. [PMID: 35495703 PMCID: PMC9048798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks acquire several pathogens from reservoir animals and transmit them to humans. Development of an animal model to study acquisition/transmission dynamics of these pathogens into and from ticks, respectively, is challenging due to the fact that in nature ticks feed for a longer duration and on multiple vertebrate hosts. To understand the complex nature of pathogen acquisition/transmission, it is essential to set up a successful tick blood feeding method on a suitable vertebrate host. In this study, we provide evidence that murine model can be successfully used to study acquisition dynamics of Langat virus (LGTV), a member of tick-borne flaviviruses. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with LGTV that showed detectable viral loads in blood, skin, and other tissues including the brain. Both larval and nymphal ticks that were allowed to feed on the murine host successfully acquired LGTV loads. Also, we found that after molting, LGTV was transstadially transmitted from larval to nymphal stage. In addition, we noted that LGTV down-regulated IsSMase expression in all groups of ticks possibly for its survival in its vector host. Taken together, we provide evidence for the use of murine model to not only study acquisition dynamics of LGTV but also to study changes in tick gene expression during acquisition of arboviruses into ticks.
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Vaduva B, Pop IF, Valean H. One4all-A New SCADA Approach. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:2415. [PMID: 35336586 PMCID: PMC8948810 DOI: 10.3390/s22062415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new concept, named "one4all" in the realm of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems, used by a regional company (particularly a water supplying company) for managing the different views of its users. As a secondary purpose, the paper presents an integration of such an SCADA system with a GIS (Geographical Information System) system. All the regional water supply companies in Romania manage water and wastewater networks, many sensors and actuators, dozens of water pump plants, several water treatment and wastewater plants, tanks and many hydrophores in different parts of their operating range. Due to the wide geographical operating range, an SCADA system needs to be put in place, but the management of such a system in a traditional way is hard to implement, especially when the human resource is low. The methodology presented in this paper, involving adding helper tables and dynamic template windows within an SCADA tool ("one4all" tool), will show how efficiently the human resource can be used. Additionally, the paper shows that companies as described above, can use a single SCADA system that generates different views for all the managed sub regions instead of different systems for every sub region. Implementing only one SCADA system built with the concept "one4all" in mind, and integrating it with a GIS system that is built on the same principle, represents a new approach that will bring value to any organization willing to adopt it. The concept of "one4all", implemented as a software tool for an SCADA system, is a new concept that will help any developer to easily build applications that generate different views for different users based on their permissions and their operating range. Finally, the paper presents some examples of the same concept, implemented in a different vertical (GIS) and programming language, thus presenting that a "one4all" concept is viable and helpful, bringing value to the information technology industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Vaduva
- SCADA/GIS Department, S.C. VITAL S.A., 430011 Baia Mare, Romania;
| | - Ionut-Flaviu Pop
- SCADA/GIS Department, S.C. VITAL S.A., 430011 Baia Mare, Romania;
| | - Honoriu Valean
- Automation Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Batsikadze G, Diekmann N, Ernst TM, Klein M, Maderwald S, Deuschl C, Merz CJ, Cheng S, Quick HH, Timmann D. The cerebellum contributes to context-effects during fear extinction learning: a 7T fMRI study. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119080. [PMID: 35276369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in the acquisition and consolidation of learned fear responses. Knowledge about its contribution to extinction learning, however, is sparse. Extinction processes likely involve erasure of memories, but there is ample evidence that at least part of the original memory remains. We asked the question whether memory persists within the cerebellum following extinction training. The renewal effect, that is the reoccurrence of the extinguished fear memory during recall in a context different from the extinction context, constitutes one of the phenomena indicating that memory of extinguished learned fear responses is not fully erased during extinction training. We performed a differential AB-A/B fear conditioning paradigm in a 7-Tesla (7T) MRI system in 31 young and healthy men. On day 1, fear acquisition training was performed in context A and extinction training in context B. On day 2, recall was tested in contexts A and B. As expected, participants learned to predict that the CS+ was followed by an aversive electric shock during fear acquisition training. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) were significantly higher to the CS+ compared to the CS- at the end of acquisition. Differences in SCRs vanished in extinction and reoccurred in the acquisition context during recall indicating renewal. Fitting SCR data, a deep neural network model was trained to predict the correct shock value for a given stimulus and context. Event-related fMRI analysis with model-derived prediction values as parametric modulations showed significant effects on activation of the posterolateral cerebellum (lobules VI and Crus I) during recall. Since the prediction values differ based on stimulus (CS+ and CS-) and context during recall, data provide support that the cerebellum is involved in context-related recall of learned fear associations. Likewise, mean β values were highest in lobules VI and Crus I bilaterally related to the CS+ in the acquisition context during early recall. A similar pattern was seen in the vermis, but only on a trend level. Thus, part of the original memory likely remains within the cerebellum following extinction training. We found cerebellar activations related to the CS+ and CS- during fear acquisition training which likely reflect associative and non-associative aspects of the task. Cerebellar activations, however, were not significantly different for CS+ and CS-. Since the CS- was never followed by an electric shock, the cerebellum may contribute to associative learning related to the CS, for example as a safety cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgi Batsikadze
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen 45147, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Diekmann
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Michael Ernst
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen 45147, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Klein
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Stefan Maderwald
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Josef Merz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen 45147, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
We investigated how Central Swedish-speaking four to eleven-year-old children acquire the prosodic marking of narrow focus, compared to adult controls. Three measurements were analysed: placement of the prominence-marking high tone (prominence H), pitch range effects of the prominence H, and word duration. Subject-verb-object sentences were elicited in sentence-medial and sentence-final focus conditions via a semi-spontaneous elicitation task. The children largely performed in an adult-like manner already at four to five: they predominantly added prominence H to focal words and avoided this tone post-focally in both sentence-medial and sentence-final position. The placement or avoidance of prominence H had largely the same effects on pitch range for children and adults. Finally, the four to eight-year-olds also increased the duration of the focal word, similar to adults. Hence, Central Swedish-speaking children master the use of prosody for focus marking at an earlier age, compared to children acquiring a West Germanic language.
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