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Çubukçu HC, Topcu Dİ, Yenice S. Machine learning-based clinical decision support using laboratory data. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:793-823. [PMID: 38015744 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming vital in laboratory medicine and the broader context of healthcare. In this review article, we summarized the development of ML models and how they contribute to clinical laboratory workflow and improve patient outcomes. The process of ML model development involves data collection, data cleansing, feature engineering, model development, and optimization. These models, once finalized, are subjected to thorough performance assessments and validations. Recently, due to the complexity inherent in model development, automated ML tools were also introduced to streamline the process, enabling non-experts to create models. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) use ML techniques on large datasets to aid healthcare professionals in test result interpretation. They are revolutionizing laboratory medicine, enabling labs to work more efficiently with less human supervision across pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases. Despite contributions of the ML tools at all analytical phases, their integration presents challenges like potential model uncertainties, black-box algorithms, and deskilling of professionals. Additionally, acquiring diverse datasets is hard, and models' complexity can limit clinical use. In conclusion, ML-based CDSS in healthcare can greatly enhance clinical decision-making. However, successful adoption demands collaboration among professionals and stakeholders, utilizing hybrid intelligence, external validation, and performance assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Can Çubukçu
- General Directorate of Health Services, Rare Diseases Department, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye
- Hacettepe University Institute of Informatics, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Deniz İlhan Topcu
- Health Sciences University İzmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Medical Biochemistry, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Sedef Yenice
- Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
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2
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Carey EG, Adeyemi FO, Neelakantan L, Fernandes B, Fazel M, Ford T, Burn AM. Preferences on Governance Models for Mental Health Data: Qualitative Study With Young People. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50368. [PMID: 38652525 DOI: 10.2196/50368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving access to mental health data to accelerate research and improve mental health outcomes is a potentially achievable goal given the substantial data that can now be collected from mobile devices. Smartphones can provide a useful mechanism for collecting mental health data from young people, especially as their use is relatively ubiquitous in high-resource settings such as the United Kingdom and they have a high capacity to collect active and passive data. This raises the interesting opportunity to establish a large bank of mental health data from young people that could be accessed by researchers worldwide, but it is important to clarify how to ensure that this is done in an appropriate manner aligned with the values of young people. OBJECTIVE In this study, we discussed the preferences of young people in the United Kingdom regarding the governance, sharing, and use of their mental health data with the establishment of a global data bank in mind. We aimed to determine whether young people want and feel safe to share their mental health data; if so, with whom; and their preferences in doing so. METHODS Young people (N=46) were provided with 2 modules of educational material about data governance models and background in scientific research. We then conducted 2-hour web-based group sessions using a deliberative democracy methodology to reach a consensus where possible. Findings were analyzed using the framework method. RESULTS Young people were generally enthusiastic about contributing data to mental health research. They believed that broader availability of mental health data could be used to discover what improves or worsens mental health and develop new services to support young people. However, this enthusiasm came with many concerns and caveats, including distributed control of access to ensure appropriate use, distributed power, and data management that included diverse representation and sufficient ethical training for applicants and data managers. CONCLUSIONS Although it is feasible to use smartphones to collect mental health data from young people in the United Kingdom, it is essential to carefully consider the parameters of such a data bank. Addressing and embedding young people's preferences, including the need for robust procedures regarding how their data are managed, stored, and accessed, will set a solid foundation for establishing any global data bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grace Carey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lakshmi Neelakantan
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Blossom Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Ghadirinejad K, Milimonfared R, Taylor M, Solomon LB, Graves S, Pratt N, de Steiger R, Hashemi R. Supervised machine learning for the prediction of post-operative clinical outcomes of hip and knee replacements: a review. ANZ J Surg 2024. [PMID: 38597170 DOI: 10.1111/ans.19003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Prediction models are being increasingly used in the medical field to identify risk factors and possible outcomes. Some of these are presently being used to develop guidelines for improving clinical practice. The application of machine learning (ML), comprising a powerful set of computational tools for analysing data, has been clearly expanding in the role of predictive modelling. This paper reviews the latest developments of supervised ML techniques that have been used to analyse data related to post-operative total hip and knee replacements. The aim was to review the most recent findings of relevant published studies by outlining the methodologies employed (most-widely used supervised ML techniques), data sources, domains, limitations of predictive analytics and the quality of predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Ghadirinejad
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Roohollah Milimonfared
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Taylor
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucian B Solomon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Graves
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Pratt
- The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reza Hashemi
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Clovelly Park, South Australia, Australia
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4
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De Muylder G, Laisnez V, Stefani G, Boulouffe C, Faes C, Hammami N, Hubin P, Molenberghs G, Sans J, van de Konijnenburg C, Van der Borght S, Brondeel R, Stassijns J, Lernout T. Translating the COVID-19 epidemiological situation into policies and measures: the Belgian experience. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1306361. [PMID: 38645450 PMCID: PMC11026715 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1306361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to sustained surveillance efforts, which made unprecedented volumes and types of data available. In Belgium, these data were used to conduct a targeted and regular assessment of the epidemiological situation. In addition, management tools were developed, incorporating key indicators and thresholds, to define risk levels and offer guidance to policy makers. Categorizing risk into various levels provided a stable framework to monitor the COVID-19 epidemiological situation and allowed for clear communication to authorities. Although translating risk levels into specific public health measures has remained challenging, this experience was foundational for future evaluation of the situation for respiratory infections in general, which, in Belgium, is now based on a management tool combining different data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeska Laisnez
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulietta Stefani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Christel Faes
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Naïma Hammami
- Department of Care, Team Infection Prevention and Vaccination, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Hubin
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Molenberghs
- Data Science Institute, I-BioStat, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, L-BioStat, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Sans
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ruben Brondeel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Tinne Lernout
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Przestrzelski C, Jakob A, Jakob C, Hoffmann FR. Discussion paper: implications for the further development of the successfully in emergency medicine implemented AUD 2IT-algorithm. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1249454. [PMID: 38645757 PMCID: PMC11027494 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1249454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The AUD2IT-algorithm is a tool to structure the data, which is collected during an emergency treatment. The goal is on the one hand to structure the documentation of the data and on the other hand to give a standardised data structure for the report during handover of an emergency patient. AUD2IT-algorithm was developed to provide residents a documentation aid, which helps to structure the medical reports without getting lost in unimportant details or forgetting important information. The sequence of anamnesis, clinical examination, considering a differential diagnosis, technical diagnostics, interpretation and therapy is rather an academic classification than a description of the real workflow. In a real setting, most of these steps take place simultaneously. Therefore, the application of the AUD2IT-algorithm should also be carried out according to the real processes. A big advantage of the AUD2IT-algorithm is that it can be used as a structure for the entire treatment process and also is entirely usable as a handover protocol within this process to make sure, that the existing state of knowledge is ensured at each point of a team-timeout. PR-E-(AUD2IT)-algorithm makes it possible to document a treatment process that, in principle, does not have to be limited to the field of emergency medicine. Also, in the outpatient treatment the PR-E-(AUD2IT)-algorithm could be used and further developed. One example could be the preparation and allocation of needed resources at the general practitioner. The algorithm is a standardised tool that can be used by healthcare professionals of any level of training. It gives the user a sense of security in their daily work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonina Jakob
- Surgical Management LMU Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Jakob
- Strategy & Market Research, Generali Deutschland AG, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix R. Hoffmann
- Department of Health Economics, APOLLON University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
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6
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Damalas T, Penney E, Cullen T, Dibner-Dunlap A, English C, Gomez J, Sapp A, Selig S, Sutermaster S. Pima County COVID-19 vaccine solutions dashboard project: lessons learned. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1345451. [PMID: 38628625 PMCID: PMC11018910 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1345451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements in the accessibility of mapping tools and an increased recognition of the importance of leveraging data to inform public health operations has led to enthusiasm among public health departments to rapidly evolve their ability to analyze and apply data to programs. As the COVID-19 pandemic made evident, many health department data systems have been neglected for decades and data literacy among staff low. Significant federal dollars have been allocated to local health departments to modernize health systems. This case study recounts the effort to equip the Pima County Health Department with a highly sophisticated "COVID-19 Vaccines Solutions Dashboard" in 2021-2022, quantifying community vulnerability in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and shares key successes and challenges in process and outcomes that can guide other such dashboard initiatives. The experience informed the development of Pima' County Health Department's Data & Informatics Team as well as efforts to cultivate a more robust data culture throughout the department. Many health departments around the United States are in a similar position, and these lessons learned are widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Damalas
- Partners in Health United States, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eamon Penney
- Partners in Health United States, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Theresa Cullen
- Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Jacob Gomez
- Partners in Health United States, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Sapp
- Pima County Health Department, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sara Selig
- Partners in Health United States, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Restrepo D, Quion JM, Do Carmo Novaes F, Azevedo Costa ID, Vasquez C, Bautista AN, Quiminiano E, Lim PA, Mwavu R, Celi LA, Nakayama LF. Ophthalmology Optical Coherence Tomography Databases for Artificial Intelligence Algorithm: A Review. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:193-200. [PMID: 38334303 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2308248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging plays a pivotal role in eye assessment. With the introduction of advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), the focus has shifted to imaging datasets in ophthalmology. While disparities and health inequalities hidden within data are well-documented, the ophthalmology field faces specific challenges to the creation and maintenance of datasets. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal pathologies, making it valuable for AI applications. This review aims to identify and compare the landscape of publicly available optical coherence tomography databases for AI applications. METHODS We conducted a literature review on OCT and AI articles with publicly accessible datasets, using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The review retrieved 183 articles, and after full-text analysis, 50 articles were included. From the included articles were identified 8 publicly available OCT datasets, focusing on patient demographics and clinical details for thorough assessment and comparison. RESULTS The resulting datasets encompass 154,313 images collected from Spectralis, Cirrus HD, Topcon 3D, and Bioptigen devices. These datasets included normal exams, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic maculopathy, among others. Comprehensive demographic information is available in one dataset and the USA is the most represented population. DISCUSSION Current publicly available OCT databases for AI applications exhibit limitations, stemming from their non-representative nature and the lack of comprehensive demographic information. Limited datasets hamper research and equitable AI development. To promote equitable AI algorithmic development in ophthalmology, there is a need for the creation and dissemination of more representative datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Restrepo
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Telematics Department, University of Cauca, Popayan, Colombia
| | - Justin Michael Quion
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frederico Do Carmo Novaes
- Department of Ophthalmology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo Brazil 4 Scientific Image Analysis Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iago Diogenes Azevedo Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo Brazil 4 Scientific Image Analysis Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Ophthalmology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Constanza Vasquez
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Ciudad de, Mexico
| | - Alyssa Nicole Bautista
- Department of Medicine, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Inc, Quezon, Philippines
| | - Ellaine Quiminiano
- Department of Medicine, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Inc, Quezon, Philippines
| | | | - Roger Mwavu
- Department of Information Technology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis Filipe Nakayama
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo Brazil 4 Scientific Image Analysis Lab, Integrative Biology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Morris K, Colgan MP, McMahon N, Slattery S. Outcomes from a proof-of-concept specialist lymphoedema clinic in the community. Br J Community Nurs 2024; 29:S14-S18. [PMID: 38578921 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.sup4.s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The Health and Safety Execultive lymphoedema model of care was published in 2018 highlighting the lack of dedicated lymphoedema services in Ireland. This led to the introduction of a proof-of-concept primary care specialist lymphoedema clinic. The clinic was responsible for all patients from their county. A comprehensive dataset was gathered which included the patient's history for 1 year prior to their presentation at clinic and then 6 monthly. A quality of life tool (LymQoL) and a patient satisfaction survey were completed. Completed 1-year data showed a significant reduction in GP and public health nurse visits as well as a reduction in the occurrence of cellulitis and associated hospital admissions. All areas of quality of life were improved and patient satisfaction was either excellent (89%) or very good (11%). The 1-year findings strongly support the roll-out of specialist clinics to all regional health areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Morris
- Project Manager, National Lymphoedema Services, Ireland
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9
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Nafus D. Unclearing the air: Data's unexpected limitations for environmental advocacy. Soc Stud Sci 2024; 54:163-183. [PMID: 37837319 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231201169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
What makes one dataset powerful for civic advocacy, and another fall flat? Drawing from a citizen science project on environmental health, I argue that there is an underacknowledged quality of datasets-their topology-that shapes the social, cultural, and political possibilities they can sustain or subvert. Data topologies are formal qualities of a dataset that connect data collectors' intentions with the types of calculations that can and cannot be performed. This configures how numerical arguments are made, and the sociotechnical imaginaries those arguments sustain or subvert. The citizen science project's data topology made any easy notion of shared exposure to pollutants, or singular health effects, unravel. The data appeared to tell a story of atypicality at scale, where each person suffers differently from different exposure. Lacking a central tendency, or pockets of tendency disproportionately carried by different subgroups, it became it harder, not easier, for citizen scientists to use data in regulatory contexts, where dominant sociotechnical imaginaries conceive of difference in epidemiological and toxicological terms.
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10
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Johnson AF, Lamontagne N, Bhupathiraju SN, Brown AG, Eicher-Miller HA, Fulgoni VL, Rehm CD, Tucker KL, Woteki CE, Ohlhorst SD. Workshop summary: building an NHANES for the future. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1075-1081. [PMID: 38331096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The American Society for Nutrition's (ASN) Committee on Advocacy and Science Policy (CASP) organized a workshop, "Building a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the Future," held during NUTRITION 2023, which took place in Boston, MA in July 2023. CASP had already identified an urgent need for increased support and modernization to ensure that a secure future for NHANES is achievable. The survey faces challenges associated with data collection, stagnant funding, and a need for more granular data for subpopulations and groups at risk. The workshop provided an overview of NHANES, including the nutrition component, and the many other uses for the survey's data, which extend beyond nutrition. Speakers highlighted NHANES's current and emerging challenges, as well as possible solutions to address these challenges, especially with regard to response rates of underrepresented groups, linkage of survey data to other resources, incorporation of new survey methodologies, and emerging data needs. The workshop also included a "Town Hall" component to gather additional feedback on NHANES' challenges and proposed solutions from audience members. The workshop provided many possible action items that ASN will explore and use to inform effective continued advocacy in support of NHANES and to find possible opportunities for ASN and others to partner with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics to strengthen this vital survey and maintain its robust and relevant data moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alison Gm Brown
- Clinical Applications and Preventions Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Colin D Rehm
- Research & Development, PepsiCo, Inc., Purchase, NY, United States
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Catherine E Woteki
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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11
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Landström C, Sarmiento E, Whatmore SJ. Stakeholder engagement does not guarantee impact: A co-productionist perspective on model-based drought research. Soc Stud Sci 2024; 54:210-230. [PMID: 37753924 PMCID: PMC10981195 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231199220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Stakeholder engagement has become a watchword for environmental scientists to assert the societal relevance of their projects to funding agencies. In water research based on computer simulation modelling, stakeholder engagement has attracted interest as a means to overcome low uptake of new tools for water management. An increasingly accepted view is that more and better stakeholder involvement in research projects will lead to increased adoption of the modelling tools created by scientists in water management. However, we cast doubt on this view by drawing attention to how the freedom of stakeholder organizations to adopt new scientific modelling tools in their regular practices is circumscribed by the societal context. We use a modified concept of co-production in an analysis of a case of scientific research on drought in the UK to show how relationships between actors in the drought governance space influence the uptake of scientific modelling tools. The analysis suggests an explanation of why stakeholder engagement with one scientific project led to one output (data) getting adopted by stakeholders while another output (modelling tools) attracted no discernible interest. Our main objective is to improve the understanding of the limitations to stakeholder engagement as a means of increasing societal uptake of scientific research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Landström
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Clark KA, Blosnich JR. Limitations of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Information as Reported in the National Violent Death Reporting System. LGBT Health 2024; 11:173-177. [PMID: 37939269 PMCID: PMC11001946 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) restricted-access database detailing precipitating circumstances to U.S. violent deaths. In 2013 and 2015, the CDC added codes denoting sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and sex of partner. In the past decade, researchers have leveraged NVDRS data to document SOGI-related patterns and characteristics of violent death including suicide. Yet, there are substantial limitations to NVDRS SOGI information that should be considered in responsible reporting by researchers and informed assessment by reviewers. In this perspective, we summarize some of these challenges and offer recommendations for using NVDRS SOGI data responsibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John R. Blosnich
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Açιkyιldιz Ç. 'I know you like the back of my hand': biometric practices of humanitarian organisations in international aid. Disasters 2024; 48:e12612. [PMID: 37756185 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Humanitarian organisations are increasingly utilising biometric data. However, we know little about the extent and scope of this practice, as its benefits and risks have attracted all the attention so far. This paper explores the biometric practices of the United Nations Refugee Agency, the United Nations World Food Programme, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières, and World Vision International. The study analysed relevant documents published over the past two decades and 17 semi-structured interviews with humanitarian workers conducted between June 2021 and June 2022. The findings reveal that humanitarian organisations use diverse types and functions of biometric data for different services, collaborate with many actors, and employ various data protection measures. Ultimately, challenging the straightforward generalisations about the use of such data, the paper argues that variational applications of biometrics in the humanitarian context require case-by-case analysis, as each instance will likely produce a different outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Açιkyιldιz
- PhD Candidate, Pompeu Fabra University
- FI Predoctoral Fellow, Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals, Spain
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14
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Çubukçu HC, Vanstapel F, Thelen M, van Schrojenstein Lantman M, Bernabeu-Andreu FA, Meško Brguljan P, Milinkovic N, Linko S, Panteghini M, Boursier G. APS calculator: a data-driven tool for setting outcome-based analytical performance specifications for measurement uncertainty using specific clinical requirements and population data. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:597-607. [PMID: 37978287 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to ISO 15189:2022, analytical performance specifications (APS) should relate to intended clinical use and impact on patient care. Therefore, we aimed to develop a web application for laboratory professionals to calculate APS based on a simulation of the impact of measurement uncertainty (MU) on the outcome using the chosen decision limits, agreement thresholds, and data of the population of interest. METHODS We developed the "APS Calculator" allowing users to upload and select data of concern, specify decision limits and agreement thresholds, and conduct simulations to determine APS for MU. The simulation involved categorizing original measurand concentrations, generating measured (simulated) results by introducing different degrees of MU, and recategorizing measured concentrations based on clinical decision limits and acceptable clinical misclassification rates. The agreements between original and simulated result categories were assessed, and values that met or exceeded user-specified agreement thresholds that set goals for the between-category agreement were considered acceptable. The application generates contour plots of agreement rates and corresponding MU values. We tested the application using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, with decision limits from relevant guidelines. RESULTS We determined APS for MU of six measurands (blood total hemoglobin, plasma fasting glucose, serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total folate) to demonstrate the potential of the application to generate APS. CONCLUSIONS The developed data-driven web application offers a flexible tool for laboratory professionals to calculate APS for MU using their chosen decision limits and agreement thresholds, and the data of the population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Can Çubukçu
- General Directorate of Health Services, Rare Diseases Department, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye
- Hacettepe University Institute of Informatics, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Florent Vanstapel
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Biomedical Sciences Group, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Thelen
- SKML, Foundation for Quality Assurance in Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marith van Schrojenstein Lantman
- SKML, Foundation for Quality Assurance in Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Result Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pika Meško Brguljan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Deseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Neda Milinkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mauro Panteghini
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guilaine Boursier
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenomics, Rare Diseases and Autoinflammatory Unit, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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15
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Fan S, Deng Z. Chest Wall Motion Model of Cardiac Activity for Radar-Based Vital-Sign-Detection System. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2058. [PMID: 38610269 PMCID: PMC11014240 DOI: 10.3390/s24072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies on non-contact vital sign detection using radar are now beginning to turn to data-driven neural network approaches rather than traditional signal-processing methods. However, there are few radar datasets available for deep learning due to the difficulty of acquiring and labeling the data, which require specialized equipment and physician collaboration. This paper presents a new model of heartbeat-induced chest wall motion (CWM) with the goal of generating a large amount of simulation data to support deep learning methods. An in-depth analysis of published CWM data collected by the VICON Infrared (IR) motion capture system and continuous wave (CW) radar system during respiratory hold was used to summarize the motion characteristics of each stage within a cardiac cycle. In combination with the physiological properties of the heartbeat, appropriate mathematical functions were selected to describe these movement properties. The model produced simulation data that closely matched the measured data as evaluated by dynamic time warping (DTW) and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE). By adjusting the model parameters, the heartbeat signals of different individuals were simulated. This will accelerate the application of data-driven deep learning methods in radar-based non-contact vital sign detection research and further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenmiao Deng
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
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16
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von Wolff M, Germeyer A, Böttcher B, Magaton IM, Marcu I, Pape J, Sänger N, Nordhoff V, Roumet M, Weidlinger S. Evaluation of the Gonadotoxicity of Cancer Therapies to Improve Counseling of Patients About Fertility and Fertility Preservation Measures: Protocol for a Retrospective Systematic Data Analysis and a Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51145. [PMID: 38506900 PMCID: PMC10993117 DOI: 10.2196/51145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy and immune therapies are required in cancer diseases. These therapies have the potential to cure patients but may also have an impact on gonadal function and, therefore, on fertility. Consequently, fertility preservation treatments such as freezing of gametes and gonadal tissue might be required. However, as detailed data about the necessity to perform fertility preservation treatment are very limited, this study was designed to fill this data gap. OBJECTIVE Primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of cancer therapies and chemotherapies on the ovarian reserve and sperm quality. Secondary objectives are to analyze the (1) impact of cancer therapies and chemotherapies on other fertility parameters and (2) probability of undergoing fertility preservation treatments in relation to specific cancer diseases and treatment protocols and the probability to use the frozen gametes and gonadal tissue to achieve pregnancies. METHODS First, previously published studies on the gonadotoxicity of chemo- and radiotherapies among patients with cancer will be systematically analyzed. Second, a prospective cohort study set up by approximately 70 centers in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria will collect the following data: ovarian function by analyzing anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations and testicular function by analyzing sperm parameters and total testosterone immediately before and around 1 year after gonadotoxic therapies (short-term fertility). A follow-up of these fertility parameters, including history of conceptions, will be performed 5 and 10 years after gonadotoxic therapies (long-term fertility). Additionally, the proportion of patients undergoing fertility-preserving procedures, their satisfaction with these procedures, and the amount of gametes and gonadal tissue and the children achieved by using the frozen material will be analyzed. Third, the data will be merged to create the internet-based data platform FertiTOX. The platform will be structured in accordance with the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) classification of cancer diseases and will be easily be accessible using a specific App. RESULTS Several funding bodies have funded this study. Ten systematic reviews are in progress and the first one has been accepted for publication. All Swiss and many German and Austrian ethics committees have provided their approval for the prospective cohort study. The study registry has been set up, and a study website has been created. In total, 50 infertility centers have already been prepared for data collection, which started on December 1, 2023. CONCLUSIONS The study can be expected to bridge the data gap regarding the gonadotoxicity of cancer therapies to better counsel patients about their infertility risk and their need to undergo fertility preservation procedures. Initial data are expected to be uploaded on the FertiTOX platform in 2026. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05885048; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05885048. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Wolff
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ariane Germeyer
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isotta Martha Magaton
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Marcu
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janna Pape
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sänger
- Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Nordhoff
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Roumet
- Clinical Trial Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Weidlinger
- Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Esselaar P, Swales L, Bellengère D, Mhlongo B, Thaldar D. Forcing a square into a circle: why South Africa's draft revised material transfer agreement is not fit for purpose. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333672. [PMID: 38533256 PMCID: PMC10963597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The South African National Health Research Ethics Council (NHREC) recently released a final draft revision of the standard material transfer agreement (MTA) that was promulgated into law in 2018. This new draft MTA raises pertinent questions about the NHREC's mandate, the way in which the draft MTA deals with data and with human biological material, and its avoidance of the concept of ownership. After South Africa's data protection legislation, the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), became operational in mid 2021, the legal landscape changed and it is doubtful that the NHREC has a residual mandate to govern personal information in health research. Furthermore, data is dealt with in a superficial, throw-away fashion in the draft MTA. The position with human biological material is not substantially better, as the draft MTA fails to recognise that human biological material can contain pathogens, which has important legal and ethical ramifications that are not sufficiently addressed. A central problem with the draft MTA is its use of the term 'steward', and avoidance of the legal concept of 'ownership'. This is not only misaligned with the South African legal framework, but also fails to consider the ethical case for recognising ownership. Finally, a call to embrace decolonial thinking in health research underscores the importance of recognising ownership in order to foster the growth of the local bio-economy. Key recommendations to reshape the draft MTA include: Making use of the eventual revised MTA optional, and allowing it to evolve with input from scientific and legal communities; regulating the transfer of associated data in a separate data transfer agreement that can be incorporated by reference in the MTA; enhancing guidance on liability and risk management in respect of human biological material that contains pathogens; and, finally, adopting a decolonial approach in health research governance, which requires recognising the ownership rights of South African research institutions.
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18
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Boehm D, Strantz C, Christoph J, Busch H, Ganslandt T, Unberath P. Data Visualization Support for Tumor Boards and Clinical Oncology: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53627. [PMID: 38441925 PMCID: PMC10951826 DOI: 10.2196/53627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex and expanding data sets in clinical oncology applications require flexible and interactive visualization of patient data to provide the maximum amount of information to physicians and other medical practitioners. Interdisciplinary tumor conferences in particular profit from customized tools to integrate, link, and visualize relevant data from all professions involved. OBJECTIVE The scoping review proposed in this protocol aims to identify and present currently available data visualization tools for tumor boards and related areas. The objective of the review will be to provide not only an overview of digital tools currently used in tumor board settings, but also the data included, the respective visualization solutions, and their integration into hospital processes. METHODS The planned scoping review process is based on the Arksey and O'Malley scoping study framework. The following electronic databases will be searched for articles published in English: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and SCOPUS. Eligible articles will first undergo a deduplication step, followed by the screening of titles and abstracts. Second, a full-text screening will be used to reach the final decision about article selection. At least 2 reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text reports. Conflicting inclusion decisions will be resolved by a third reviewer. The remaining literature will be analyzed using a data extraction template proposed in this protocol. The template includes a variety of meta information as well as specific questions aiming to answer the research question: "What are the key features of data visualization solutions used in molecular and organ tumor boards, and how are these elements integrated and used within the clinical setting?" The findings will be compiled, charted, and presented as specified in the scoping study framework. Data for included tools may be supplemented with additional manual literature searches. The entire review process will be documented in alignment with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) flowchart. RESULTS The results of this scoping review will be reported per the expanded PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A preliminary search using PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus resulted in 1320 articles after deduplication that will be included in the further review process. We expect the results to be published during the second quarter of 2024. CONCLUSIONS Visualization is a key process in leveraging a data set's potentially available information and enabling its use in an interdisciplinary setting. The scoping review described in this protocol aims to present the status quo of visualization solutions for tumor board and clinical oncology applications and their integration into hospital processes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Boehm
- Medical Center for Information and Communication Technology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (Bayerisches Zentrum für Krebsforschung), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Strantz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Christoph
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Junior Research Group (Bio-)medical Data Science, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Group for Medical Systems Biology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Ganslandt
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Unberath
- Medical Center for Information and Communication Technology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- SRH Fürth University of Applied Sciences, Fürth, Germany
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Stanislo KJ. Data Submission: HOW the Power of One Creates the Power of Many. NASN Sch Nurse 2024; 39:75-83. [PMID: 38443757 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x241227458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This article is the third and final article in a series exploring the WHAT, WHY, and HOW of data collection and data utilization. The final step, the HOW of data submission, provides discussion and guidance in contributing your data to the collective voice, including submitting data from the school, district, state, and national levels. Submitting individual school nursing data enriches the bigger story and increases the awareness and meaningfulness of school health data, the role of the school nurse as an integral member of the school community, and the connections of student health and academic outcomes. This article will also explore how to submit your school health data and the opportunities to submit it to district, state, or national levels, including to the National School Health Data Set: Every Student Counts! (ESC!).
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20
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Gibbons DS, Mirdad A, Donnelly L, O'Dwyer KL, Oguntuase J, Glynn AA. Local Validation of a National Orthopaedic Registry. Cureus 2024; 16:e55636. [PMID: 38586658 PMCID: PMC10995744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Registries are limited by the quality of the data they collect. We aimed to measure the data entry error rate at a regional orthopaedic unit in a national arthroplasty registry and to assess a proposed intervention of restricting data entry to senior trainees. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 200 primary and revision arthroplasty cases (119 hips, 81 knees) were randomly selected from a single year, 2020. The Irish National Orthopaedic Registry was examined for the grade of the trainee that populated the form and the accuracy of 24 parameters by comparison with data recorded elsewhere in the patient record. RESULTS The mean number of errors per form was 2.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.95-2.39), giving an overall error rate of 9% (95% CI: 8%-10.0%). Eighty-seven percent of forms examined contained inaccuracies, ranging from one to nine errors (4%-38%). Some parameters were more prone to errors, ranging from 1% to 28%. There was no evidence of total errors varying by trainee grade (analysis of variance (ANOVA) p-value: 0.34). CONCLUSIONS Error rates were in line with the literature. Results did not support restricting data entry to senior trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Donnelly
- Regional Orthopaedic Unit, Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, IRL
| | - Kyra L O'Dwyer
- Regional Orthopaedic Unit, Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, IRL
| | - Joy Oguntuase
- Regional Orthopaedic Unit, Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, IRL
| | - Aaron A Glynn
- Regional Orthopaedic Unit, Our Lady's Hospital, Navan, IRL
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21
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Gooden A. A pathway to strengthening open science: comments on the draft South African Ethics in Health Research Guidelines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1304950. [PMID: 38572431 PMCID: PMC10989741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1304950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently released draft South African Ethics in Health Research Guidelines: Principles, Processes and Structures (Draft Guidelines) by the National Health Research Ethics Council recognize open data and provide guiding principles for this in the context of health research in South Africa. While its inclusion is a positive development, there is room for improvement. Although the Draft Guidelines leverage the Draft National Policy on Data and Cloud, it lacks incorporation of other relevant government policies, notably the Draft National Open Science Policy, and fails to sufficiently detail the principles of open science and open access. This limited scope and lack of comprehensive definition and detailed guidance present challenges for researchers in conducting ethical and responsible health research in South Africa. It constrains the Draft Guidelines from fully aligning with national imperatives and from fostering African-centric approaches. To address these issues, it is recommended that the Draft Guidelines integrate broader policies and principles, enhance clarity through comprehensive definitions, provide detailed guidance on open access, and promote African-centric approaches. Implementing these solutions will strengthen the Draft Guidelines, aligning them with national visions of open science, and thereby harnessing the full potential of South Africa's diverse scientific community in advancing health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gooden
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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22
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Acosta JD, Faherty LJ, Weden MM. Using Longitudinal Surveillance of Unemployment Claims During Public Health Emergencies to Provide Timely and Granular Data on the Social Determinants of Health. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241230476. [PMID: 38425082 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241230476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Employment is a well-documented social determinant of physical and mental health and can be used to determine who is disproportionately affected by public health emergencies. We examined trends in unemployment overall and by gender, by race or ethnic group, and by their interaction for 2 public health emergencies (the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 California wildfires). METHODS We obtained summary data files on the number of initial unemployment insurance (IUI) claims made in all 58 California counties from January 2018 through December 2021. We fit fixed-effects Poisson regression models to county data on weekly IUI claims cross-classified by gender and race or ethnic group. We used models to evaluate the overall effect of COVID-19, whether this effect changed over time increasing under compounding emergencies, and whether the overall and compounding effects of COVID-19 differed by gender and race or ethnic group. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, weekly IUI claims rates increased to as much as 10 times their prepandemic level. The increase in IUI claims for COVID-19 weeks, compared with weeks from the same month in the 2 years prior, was greater for women than for men of all race or ethnic groups, except for Black women. The higher rates of IUI claims for most women during COVID-19 entailed a reversal of prepandemic gender differences in claims that persisted through 2021. CONCLUSION Public health officials should consider using IUI claims for surveillance of social determinants of health, particularly in the context of emergencies, which we show can have a persisting effect on the social patterning of social determinants. Future research is needed to forecast these affects and inform public health and policy mitigation and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura J Faherty
- RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Gruson D, Cobbaert C, Dabla PK, Stankovic S, Homsak E, Kotani K, Khali R, Nichols JH, Gouget B. Validation and verification framework and data integration of biosensors and in vitro diagnostic devices: a position statement of the IFCC Committee on Mobile Health and Bioengineering in Laboratory Medicine (C-MBHLM) and the IFCC Scientific Division. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1455. [PMID: 38379410 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Advances in technology have transformed healthcare and laboratory medicine. Biosensors have emerged as a promising technology in healthcare, providing a way to monitor human physiological parameters in a continuous, real-time, and non-intrusive manner and offering value and benefits in a wide range of applications. This position statement aims to present the current situation around biosensors, their perspectives and importantly the need to set the framework for their validation and safe use. The development of a qualification framework for biosensors should be conceptually adopted and extended to cover digitally measured biomarkers from biosensors for advancing healthcare and achieving more individualized patient management and better patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Gruson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de recherche en Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
| | - Christa Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Scientific Division, Milan, Italy
| | - Pradeep Kumar Dabla
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, G.B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Associated Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Evgenija Homsak
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Clinical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City, Japan
| | - Ramy Khali
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
- Egyptian Association of Healthcare Quality and Patient Safety, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - James H Nichols
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bernard Gouget
- Emerging Technologies Division and MHBLM Committee, International Federation Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), Milan, Italy
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Khodr ZG, McAnany J, Haile YG, Perez VG, Rohrbeck P. A summary of the U.S. Marine Recruit Assessment Program (RAP) procedures and survey from 2003 to 2021. MSMR 2024; 31:2-8. [PMID: 38466968 PMCID: PMC10957181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The Recruit Assessment Program (RAP) is a cross-sectional, baseline survey of U.S. Marine recruits administered at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego. This report presents RAP study procedures and survey content that was administered to 229,015 participants between 2003 and 2021. Self-reported data were collected on recruit demographics, physical and mental health, adverse life experiences, lifestyle and risky behaviors, and substance use. In 2013, the survey was updated to remove questions with other linkable and reliable sources and those with low completion rates and low relevance to Marine health research; the removal of these items allowed for the addition of instrument measures for major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anger, and resilience with no significant change to overall survey length. Average completion rates are approximately 95%. Multiple studies have shown the utility of RAP data collected thus far as a robust data repository of pre-service health and behavioral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Rohrbeck
- Military Population Health Directorate, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
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25
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Ansah EW, Rodriguez D, Burnette CB. Editorial: The use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods in eating behavior research. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1378515. [PMID: 38440238 PMCID: PMC10910634 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wilson Ansah
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Urban Public Health and Nutrition, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - C. Blair Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Gannamani R, Castela Forte J, Folkertsma P, Hermans S, Kumaraswamy S, van Dam S, Chavannes N, van Os H, Pijl H, Wolffenbuttel BHR. A Digitally Enabled Combined Lifestyle Intervention for Weight Loss: Pilot Study in a Dutch General Population Cohort. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e38891. [PMID: 38329792 PMCID: PMC10884913 DOI: 10.2196/38891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity rates among the general population of the Netherlands keep increasing. Combined lifestyle interventions (CLIs) focused on physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and stress management can be effective in reducing weight and improving health behaviors. Currently available CLIs for weight loss (CLI-WLs) in the Netherlands consist of face-to-face and community-based sessions, which face scalability challenges. A digitally enabled CLI-WL with digital and human components may provide a solution for this challenge; however, the feasibility of such an intervention has not yet been assessed in the Netherlands. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine how weight and other secondary cardiometabolic outcomes (lipids and blood pressure) change over time in a Dutch population with overweight or obesity and cardiometabolic risk participating in a pilot digitally enabled CLI-WL and (2) to collect feedback from participants to guide the further development of future iterations of the intervention. METHODS Participants followed a 16-week digitally enabled lifestyle coaching program rooted in the Fogg Behavior Model, focused on nutrition, physical activity, and other health behaviors, from January 2020 to December 2021. Participants could access the digital app to register and track health behaviors, weight, and anthropometrics data at any time. We retrospectively analyzed changes in weight, blood pressure, and lipids for remeasured users. Surveys and semistructured interviews were conducted to assess critical positive and improvement points reported by participants and health care professionals. RESULTS Of the 420 participants evaluated at baseline, 53 participated in the pilot. Of these, 37 (70%) were classified as overweight and 16 (30%) had obesity. Mean weight loss of 4.2% occurred at a median of 10 months postintervention. The subpopulation with obesity (n=16) showed a 5.6% weight loss on average. Total cholesterol decreased by 10.2% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 12.9% on average. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 3.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Participants identified the possibility of setting clear action plans to work toward and the multiple weekly touch points with coaches as two of the most positive and distinctive components of the digitally enabled intervention. Surveys and interviews demonstrated that the digital implementation of a CLI-WL is feasible and well-received by both participants and health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS Albeit preliminary, these findings suggest that a behavioral lifestyle program with a digital component can achieve greater weight loss than reported for currently available offline CLI-WLs. Thus, a digitally enabled CLI-WL is feasible and may be a scalable alternative to offline CLI-WL programs. Evidence from future studies in a Dutch population may help elucidate the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of a digitally enabled CLI-WL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gannamani
- Ancora Health BV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - José Castela Forte
- Ancora Health BV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pytrik Folkertsma
- Ancora Health BV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sipko van Dam
- Ancora Health BV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Niels Chavannes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus van Os
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Cook N, Hoopes M, Biel FM, Cartwright N, Gordon M, Sills M. Early Results of an Initiative to Assess Exposure to Firearm Violence in Ambulatory Care: Descriptive Analysis of Electronic Health Record Data. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47444. [PMID: 38315521 PMCID: PMC10877494 DOI: 10.2196/47444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on firearm violence is largely limited to patients who received care in emergency departments or inpatient acute care settings or who died. This is because standardized disease classification codes for firearm injury only represent bodily trauma. As a result, research on pathways and health impacts of firearm violence is largely limited to people who experienced acute bodily trauma and does not include the estimated millions of individuals who were exposed to firearm violence but did not sustain acute injury. Assessing and collecting data on exposure to firearm violence in ambulatory care settings can expand research and more fully frame the public health issue. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who self-reported exposure to firearm violence during a behavioral health visit. METHODS This study assessed early data from an initiative implemented in 2022 across a national network of ambulatory behavioral health centers to support trauma-informed care by integrating structured data fields on trauma exposure into an electronic health record behavioral health patient assessment form (SmartForm), as such variables are generally not included in standard outpatient medical records. We calculated descriptive statistics on clinic characteristics, patient demographics, and select clinical conditions among clinics that chose to implement the SmartForm and among patients who reported an exposure to firearm violence. Data on patient counts are limited to positive reports of exposure to firearm violence, and the representativeness of firearm exposure among all patients could not be calculated due to unknown variability in the implementation of the SmartForm. RESULTS There were 323 of 629 (51%) clinics that implemented the SmartForm and reported at least 1 patient exposed to firearm violence. In the first 11 months of implementation, 3165 patients reported a recent or past exposure to firearm violence across the 323 clinics. Among patients reporting exposure, 52.7% (n=1669) were male, 38.8% (n=1229) were Black, 45.7% (n=1445) had posttraumatic stress disorder, 37.5% (n=1186) had a substance abuse disorder (other than nicotine), and 11.7% (n=371) had hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Current research on firearm violence using standardized data is limited to acute care settings and death data. Early results from an initiative across a large network of behavioral health clinics demonstrate that a high number of clinics chose to implement the SmartForm, resulting in thousands of patients reporting exposure to firearm violence. This study demonstrates that collecting standardized data on firearm violence exposure in ambulatory care settings is feasible. This study further demonstrates that resultant data from ambulatory settings can be used for meaningful analysis in describing populations affected by firearm violence. The results of this study hold promise for further collection of structured data on exposure to firearm violence in ambulatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalie Cartwright
- Department of Mathematics, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States
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Silver SR, Sweeney MH, Sanderson WT, Pana-Cryan R, Steege AL, Quay B, Carreón T, Flynn MA. Assessing the role of social determinants of health in health disparities: The need for data on work. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:129-142. [PMID: 38103002 PMCID: PMC10842318 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work is a key social determinant of health. Without the collection of work-related information in public health data systems, the role of social determinants in creating and reinforcing health disparities cannot be fully assessed. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains or supports a number of public health surveillance and health monitoring systems, including surveys, case-based disease and exposure systems, vital status records, and administrative data systems. We evaluated a convenience sample of these systems for inclusion of information in three work-related domains: employment status, industry and occupation, and working conditions. RESULTS While 12 of 39 data systems were identified as collecting work-related data, this information was often minimal (e.g., only employment status), restricted to a subset of respondents, or only gathered periodically. Information on working conditions was particularly sparse. CONCLUSION Historically, the limited and inconsistent collection of work-related information in public health data systems has hindered understanding of the role work plays in health disparities. Current CDC data modernization efforts present opportunities to enhance the identification and mitigation of health disparities by prioritizing inclusion of an expanded set of work-related data elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Silver
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Informatics Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Marie H Sweeney
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Informatics Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wayne T Sanderson
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Southeast Center for Agricultural Health and Injury Prevention, Central Appalachian Regional Education Research Center, College of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Regina Pana-Cryan
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Economic Research and Support Office, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andrea L Steege
- Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Informatics Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Quay
- National Institutes of Health (work performed at NIOSH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tania Carreón
- World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Flynn
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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McTier A, Soraghan J. The Utility of Administrative Data in Understanding the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Child Maltreatment: Learning From the Scotland Experience. Child Maltreat 2024; 29:14-23. [PMID: 35702015 PMCID: PMC9204123 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health 'stay at home' restrictions have intensified familial risk factors. Children would appear to be at increased risk of harm and abuse, yet administrative data from the early months of the pandemic showed falling cases of child maltreatment. Using weekly administrative data from Scotland, UK that span the first 17 months of the pandemic, this article found that child maltreatment activity levels fluctuated as 'stay at home' restrictions changed. During lockdown periods, the number of children subject to Inter-agency Referral Discussion fell but a higher number of children were placed on the Child Protection Register. When restrictions were eased, the number of Inter-agency Referral Discussions increased but the number of children placed on the Child Protection Register fell. To explain the fluctuations, the article asserts that the pandemic's impact on services' ability to engage directly with children and families has been critical, but the limitations of administrative data in providing an accurate measure of child maltreatment levels also need to be recognised. The article advocates that analysis of administrative data is best done in tandem with wider quantitative and qualitative sources in order to understand the impact of crisis events on children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander McTier
- Evidence and Evaluation Specialist, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - Joanna Soraghan
- Evidence and Evaluation Specialist, University of Strathclyde, UK
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Bhende VV, Sharma TS, Krishnakumar M, Ganjiwale JD, Ramaswamy AS, Bilgi K, Pathan SR. Statistics in the Operating Room: A Cardiovascular Surgeon's Guide to Numbers That Matter. Cureus 2024; 16:e54151. [PMID: 38357411 PMCID: PMC10864814 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiac surgery demands meticulous technique, but optimal outcomes hinge on translating data into actionable insights. This editorial bridges the gap between scalpel and statistical jargon, empowering surgeons to decipher common tests. Descriptive statistics paint portraits of patient cohorts, while hypothesis testing discerns real differences from chance. Regression analysis unveils hidden relationships, predicting outcomes based on complex interplays of variables. Survival analysis tracks the delicate dance of time and survival, informing therapeutic strategies. By embracing statistical fluency, surgeons become architects of personalized care, tailoring interventions to mitigate risks and maximize the precious gift of a beating heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal V Bhende
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Bhanubhai and Madhuben Patel Cardiac Centre, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, IND
| | - Tanishq S Sharma
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Bhanubhai and Madhuben Patel Cardiac Centre, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, IND
- Community Medicine, SAL Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Jaishree D Ganjiwale
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Pramukh Swami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, IND
| | | | - Kanchan Bilgi
- Neuroanesthesiology, People Tree Hospitals, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Sohilkhan R Pathan
- Clinical Research, Bhanubhai and Madhuben Patel Cardiac Centre, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, IND
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Makwero MK, Majo T, Devarsetty P, Sharma M, Mash B, Dullie L, Munar W. Characterising the performance measurement and management system in the primary health care systems of Malawi. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2024; 16:e1-e11. [PMID: 38299545 PMCID: PMC10839197 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v16i1.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance Measurement and Management (PMM) systems are levers that support key management functions in health care systems. Just like many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), Malawi strives to improve performance via evidence-based decision making and a suitable performance culture. AIM This study sought to describe PMM practices at all levels of primary health care (PHC) in Malawi. SETTING This study targeted three levels of PHC, namely the district health centres (DHCs), the zones, and the ministry headquarters. METHODS This was a qualitative exploratory research study where decision-makers at each level of PHC were engaged using key-informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGDs). RESULTS We found that there is a weak link among levels of PHC in supporting PMM practices leading to poor dissemination of priorities and goals. There is also failure to appropriately institute good PMM practices, and the use of performance information was found to be limited among decision-makers. CONCLUSION Though PMM is acknowledged to be key in supporting health service delivery systems, Malawi's PHC system has not fully embarked on making this a priority. Some challenges include unsupportive culture and inadequate capacity for PMM.Contribution: This study contributes to the understanding of the PMM processes in Malawi and further highlights the salient challenges in the use of information for performance management. While the presence of policies on PMM is acknowledged, implementation studies that deal with challenges are urgent and imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha K Makwero
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre.
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32
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Janke KK, Dy-Boarman E, Appiah-Num Safo AA, Charrois TL. What Types of Data are Pharmacy Education Scholars Using in their Abstracts for Poster Presentations? Am J Pharm Educ 2024; 88:100662. [PMID: 38296031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the data being used to support poster presentations in pharmacy education scholarship. METHODS Research and education posters presented at the 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Annual Meeting were unitized to isolate text to be coded, and two coders categorized the quantitative and qualitative data by type and source. Questionnaires, instruments, and exams were categorized as new (ie developed and used for this particular inquiry) vs. existing. Qualitative data types were categorized as interviews, focus groups, self-reflections, analysis of student work products (eg lab reports assessed for student understanding), comments (ie written or verbal comments), and other (eg course reports). RESULTS Two hundred and sixteen abstracts were included in the analysis, with 80 (37%) of abstracts relying on data derived from respondent's perceptions. Further, 143 abstracts (66%) used at least one new questionnaire, instrument, or exam. In 57% of the cases where multiple data sources were used, the study involved interprofessional education (eg multiple health professions learners) or pharmacy student-investigator combinations, and 28 abstracts (13%) did not use pharmacy students as a source. Less than 5% of all abstracts analyzed used traditional qualitative methods of interviews and focus groups. CONCLUSION This study can open conversations around how to improve the quality of pharmacy education research and the identification of areas within the scholarship of teaching and learning that may benefit from improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Janke
- University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eliza Dy-Boarman
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA.
| | | | - Theresa L Charrois
- University of British Columbia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vancouver, BC, USA
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Speechley J, McTernan M. How will AI make sense of our messy lives and improve our mental health? Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1347358. [PMID: 38304287 PMCID: PMC10832992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1347358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
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Kroumpouzos G, Treacy P. Hyaluronidase for Dermal Filler Complications: Review of Applications and Dosage Recommendations. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e50403. [PMID: 38231537 PMCID: PMC10836581 DOI: 10.2196/50403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronidase (Hyal) can reverse complications of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, which has contributed substantially to the popularity of such procedures. Still, there are differing opinions regarding Hyal treatment, including dosage recommendations in filler complication management. OBJECTIVE We aimed to address unanswered questions regarding Hyal treatment for HA filler complications, including timing and dosage, skin pretesting, properties of various Hyals and interactions with HA gels, and pitfalls of the treatment. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception for articles on Hyal therapy for filler complications. Articles were evaluated regarding their contribution to the field. The extensive literature review includes international leaders' suggestions and expert panels' recommendations. RESULTS There are limited controlled data but increasing clinical experience with Hyal treatment. The currently used Hyals provide good results and have an acceptable safety profile. Nonemergent complications such as the Tyndall effect, noninflamed nodules, and allergic or hypersensitivity reactions should be treated with low or moderate Hyal doses. Hyal should be considered with prior or simultaneous oral antibiotic treatment in managing inflammatory nodules. Hyal may be tried for granulomas that have not responded to intralesional steroids. Emergent complications such as vascular occlusion and blindness require immediate, high-dose Hyal treatment. Regarding blindness, the injection technique, retrobulbar versus supraorbital, remains controversial. Ultrasound guidance can increase the efficacy of the above interventions. CONCLUSIONS Hyal is essential in aesthetic practice because it can safely treat most HA filler complications. Immediate Hyal treatment is required for emergent complications. Aesthetic practitioners should be versed in using Hyal and effective dosage protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kroumpouzos
- GK Dermatology, PC, South Weymouth, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Bonett S, Lin W, Sexton Topper P, Wolfe J, Golinkoff J, Deshpande A, Villarruel A, Bauermeister J. Assessing and Improving Data Integrity in Web-Based Surveys: Comparison of Fraud Detection Systems in a COVID-19 Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47091. [PMID: 38214962 PMCID: PMC10818231 DOI: 10.2196/47091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based surveys increase access to study participation and improve opportunities to reach diverse populations. However, web-based surveys are vulnerable to data quality threats, including fraudulent entries from automated bots and duplicative submissions. Widely used proprietary tools to identify fraud offer little transparency about the methods used, effectiveness, or representativeness of resulting data sets. Robust, reproducible, and context-specific methods of accurately detecting fraudulent responses are needed to ensure integrity and maximize the value of web-based survey research. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe a multilayered fraud detection system implemented in a large web-based survey about COVID-19 attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors; examine the agreement between this fraud detection system and a proprietary fraud detection system; and compare the resulting study samples from each of the 2 fraud detection methods. METHODS The PhillyCEAL Common Survey is a cross-sectional web-based survey that remotely enrolled residents ages 13 years and older to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted individuals, neighborhoods, and communities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Two fraud detection methods are described and compared: (1) a multilayer fraud detection strategy developed by the research team that combined automated validation of response data and real-time verification of study entries by study personnel and (2) the proprietary fraud detection system used by the Qualtrics (Qualtrics) survey platform. Descriptive statistics were computed for the full sample and for responses classified as valid by 2 different fraud detection methods, and classification tables were created to assess agreement between the methods. The impact of fraud detection methods on the distribution of vaccine confidence by racial or ethnic group was assessed. RESULTS Of 7950 completed surveys, our multilayer fraud detection system identified 3228 (40.60%) cases as valid, while the Qualtrics fraud detection system identified 4389 (55.21%) cases as valid. The 2 methods showed only "fair" or "minimal" agreement in their classifications (κ=0.25; 95% CI 0.23-0.27). The choice of fraud detection method impacted the distribution of vaccine confidence by racial or ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS The selection of a fraud detection method can affect the study's sample composition. The findings of this study, while not conclusive, suggest that a multilayered approach to fraud detection that includes conservative use of automated fraud detection and integration of human review of entries tailored to the study's specific context and its participants may be warranted for future survey research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bonett
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Willey Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - James Wolfe
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jesse Golinkoff
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Antonia Villarruel
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - José Bauermeister
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Webb G, Zhao XE. An Epidemic Model with Infection Age and Vaccination Age Structure. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:35-64. [PMID: 38247976 PMCID: PMC10801629 DOI: 10.3390/idr16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A model of epidemic dynamics is developed that incorporates continuous variables for infection age and vaccination age. The model analyzes pre-symptomatic and symptomatic periods of an infected individual in terms of infection age. This property is shown to be of major importance in the severity of the epidemic, when the infectious period of an infected individual precedes the symptomatic period. The model also analyzes the efficacy of vaccination in terms of vaccination age. The immunity to infection of vaccinated individuals varies with vaccination age and is also of major significance in the severity of the epidemic. Application of the model to the 2003 SARS epidemic in Taiwan and the COVID-19 epidemic in New York provides insights into the dynamics of these diseases. It is shown that the SARS outbreak was effectively contained due to the complete overlap of infectious and symptomatic periods, allowing for the timely isolation of affected individuals. In contrast, the pre-symptomatic spread of COVID-19 in New York led to a rapid, uncontrolled epidemic. These findings underscore the critical importance of the pre-symptomatic infectious period and the vaccination strategies in influencing the dynamics of an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Webb
- Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Xinyue Evelyn Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Adelman M, Weber I. Reflecting on Decades of Data: The Global Burden of Disease-Cochrane Project. JMIR Dermatol 2024; 7:e41323. [PMID: 38180789 PMCID: PMC10799281 DOI: 10.2196/41323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Adelman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Isaac Weber
- Mercy Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Domínguez-Odio A, Rodríguez Martínez E, Cala Delgado DL. Commercial vaccines used in poultry, cattle, and aquaculture: a multidirectional comparison. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1307585. [PMID: 38234985 PMCID: PMC10791835 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1307585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
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Fasugba O, Sedani R, Mikulik R, Dale S, Vařecha M, Coughlan K, McElduff B, McInnes E, Hladíková S, Cadilhac DA, Middleton S. How registry data are used to inform activities for stroke care quality improvement across 55 countries: A cross-sectional survey of Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) hospitals. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16024. [PMID: 37540834 PMCID: PMC10952746 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) is a worldwide quality improvement data platform that captures performance and quality measures, enabling standardized comparisons of hospital care. The aim of this study was to determine if, and how, RES-Q data are used to influence stroke quality improvement and identify the support and educational needs of clinicians using RES-Q data to improve stroke care. METHODS A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was administered (October 2021-February 2022). Participants were RES-Q hospital local coordinators responsible for stroke data collection. Descriptive statistics are presented. RESULTS Surveys were sent to 1463 hospitals in 74 countries; responses were received from 358 hospitals in 55 countries (response rate 25%). RES-Q data were used "always" or "often" to: develop quality improvement initiatives (n = 213, 60%); track stroke care quality over time (n = 207, 58%); improve local practice (n = 191, 53%); and benchmark against evidence-based policies, procedures and/or guidelines to identify practice gaps (n = 179, 50%). Formal training in the use of RES-Q tools and data were the most frequent support needs identified by respondents (n = 165, 46%). Over half "strongly agreed" or "agreed" that to support clinical practice change, education is needed on: (i) using data to identify evidence-practice gaps (n = 259, 72%) and change clinical practice (n = 263, 74%), and (ii) quality improvement science and methods (n = 255, 71%). CONCLUSION RES-Q data are used for monitoring stroke care performance. However, to facilitate their optimal use, effective quality improvement methods are needed. Educating staff in quality improvement science may develop competency and improve use of data in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyebola Fasugba
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network SydneySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rupal Sedani
- International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Centre, Neurology DepartmentSt. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Simeon Dale
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network SydneySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Miroslav Vařecha
- International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kelly Coughlan
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network SydneySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Benjamin McElduff
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network SydneySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elizabeth McInnes
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network SydneySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sabina Hladíková
- International Clinical Research CentreSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Dominique A. Cadilhac
- Stroke and Ageing Research, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Stroke Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sandy Middleton
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network SydneySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Australian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and ParamedicineAustralian Catholic UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Fukutani KF, Hampton TH, Bobak CA, MacKenzie TA, Stanton BA. APPLICATION OF QUANTILE DISCRETIZATION AND BAYESIAN NETWORK ANALYSIS TO PUBLICLY AVAILABLE CYSTIC FIBROSIS DATA SETS. Pac Symp Biocomput 2024; 29:534-548. [PMID: 38160305 PMCID: PMC10783867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The availability of multiple publicly-available datasets studying the same phenomenon has the promise of accelerating scientific discovery. Meta-analysis can address issues of reproducibility and often increase power. The promise of meta-analysis is especially germane to rarer diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), which affects roughly 100,000 people worldwide. A recent search of the National Institute of Health's Gene Expression Omnibus revealed 1.3 million data sets related to cancer compared to about 2,000 related to CF. These studies are highly diverse, involving different tissues, animal models, treatments, and clinical covariates. In our search for gene expression studies of primary human airway epithelial cells, we identified three studies with compatible methodologies and sufficient metadata: GSE139078, Sala Study, and PRJEB9292. Even so, experimental designs were not identical, and we identified significant batch effects that would have complicated functional analysis. Here we present quantile discretization and Bayesian network construction using the Hill climb method as a powerful tool to overcome experimental differences and reveal biologically relevant responses to the CF genotype itself, exposure to virus, bacteria, and drugs used to treat CF. Functional patterns revealed by cluster Profiler included interferon signaling, interferon gamma signaling, interleukins 4 and 13 signaling, interleukin 6 signaling, interleukin 21 signaling, and inactivation of CSF3/G-CSF signaling pathways showing significant alterations. These pathways were consistently associated with higher gene expression in CF epithelial cells compared to non-CF cells, suggesting that targeting these pathways could improve clinical outcomes. The success of quantile discretization and Bayesian network analysis in the context of CF suggests that these approaches might be applicable to other contexts where exactly comparable data sets are hard to find.
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Brink A, Bruno I, Helliwell JR, McMahon B. The interoperability of crystallographic data and databases. IUCrJ 2024; 11:9-15. [PMID: 38131388 PMCID: PMC10833386 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Interoperability of crystallographic data with other disciplines is essential for the smooth and rapid progress of structure-based science in the computer age. Within crystallography and closely related subject areas, there is already a high level of conformance to the generally accepted FAIR principles (that data be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) through the adoption of common information exchange protocols by databases, publishers, instrument vendors, experimental facilities and software authors. Driven by the success within these domains, the IUCr has worked closely with CODATA (the Committee on Data of the International Science Council) to help develop the latter's commitment to cross-domain integration of discipline-specific data. The IUCr has, in particular, emphasized the need for standards relating to data quality and completeness as an adjunct to the FAIR data landscape. This can ensure definitive reusable data, which in turn can aid interoperability across domains. A microsymposium at the IUCr 2023 Congress provided an up-to-date survey of data interoperability within and outside of crystallography, expounded using a broad range of examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brink
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ian Bruno
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian McMahon
- International Union of Crystallography, 5 Abbey Square, Chester CH1 2HU, United Kingdom
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Stanzler M, Figueroa J, Beck AF, McPherson ME, Miff S, Penix H, Little J, Sampath B, Barker P, Hartley DM. Learning from an equitable, data-informed response to COVID-19: Translating knowledge into future action and preparation. Learn Health Syst 2024; 8:e10369. [PMID: 38249853 PMCID: PMC10797568 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic revealed numerous barriers to effectively managing public health crises, including difficulties in using publicly available, community-level data to create learning systems in support of local public health decision responses. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of health care partners began meeting to learn from their collective experiences. We identified key tools and processes for using data and learning system structures to drive equitable public health decision making throughout different phases of the pandemic. Methods In fall of 2021, the team developed an initial theory of change directed at achieving herd immunity for COVID-19. The theoretical drivers were explored qualitatively through a series of nine 45-min telephonic interviews conducted with 16 public health and community leaders across the United States. Interview responses were analyzed into key themes to inform potential future practices, tools, and systems. In addition to the interviews, partners in Dallas and Cincinnati reflected on their own COVID-19 experiences. Results Interview responses fell broadly into four themes that contribute to effective, community driven responses to COVID-19: real-time, accessible data that are mindful of the tension between community transparency and individual privacy; a continued fostering of public trust; adaptable infrastructures and systems; and creating cohesive community coalitions with shared alignment and goals. These themes and partner experiences helped us revise our preliminary theory of change around the importance of community collaboration and trust building and also helped refine the development of the Community Protection Dashboard tool. Conclusions There was broad agreement amongst public health and community leaders about the key elements of the data and learning systems required to manage public health responses to COVID-19. These findings may be informative for guiding the use of data and learning in the management of future public health crises or population health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew F. Beck
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | | | - Steve Miff
- Parkland Center for Clinical Innovation (PCCI)DallasTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Barker
- Institute for Healthcare ImprovementBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David M. Hartley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
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Chatterjee B, Steiner R, Kaul G. Industry Perspective - What does Industry Need to Accelerate Drug Product and Process Development? Pharm Res 2024; 41:7-11. [PMID: 37821765 PMCID: PMC10810959 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Goldi Kaul
- External Alternative CMC Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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Femi-Adebayo T, Adeleke M, Adebayo B, Fadiya T, Popoola B, Ogundimu O, O. Adepoju F, Salawu A, Fisher O, Ogboye O, Zekeng L. Application of the UNAIDS Incidence Patterns Model to Determine the Distribution of New HIV Infection in Lagos State, Nigeria. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2024; 23:23259582241238653. [PMID: 38509798 PMCID: PMC10956134 DOI: 10.1177/23259582241238653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying patterns in the distribution of new HIV infections in the population is critical for HIV programmatic interventions. This study aimed to determine the distribution of New HIV infection by applying the incidence patterns mathematical model to data from Lagos state. METHODS The incidence patterns model (IPM) software is a mathematical model developed by UNAIDS to estimate the demographic and epidemic patterns of HIV infections. This model was adapted in Lagos state to predict the distribution of new HIV infections among specified risk groups in the next 12 months. RESULTS The IPM predicted a total HIV incidence of 37 cases per 100 000 individuals (3979 new infections) will occur among the 15 to 49 subpopulations. The results also showed that sero-concordant HIV-negative couples with external partners (29%), female sex workers (26%), men-having-sex-with-men (18%), and previously married females (6%) accounted for the majority of the estimated new HIV infections. Overall, key populations constitute almost half (48%) of the estimated number of new HIV infections. CONCLUSION The study helped to identify the population groups contributing significantly to new HIV infections. Therefore, priority interventions should be focused on these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toriola Femi-Adebayo
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Bisola Adebayo
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ojo, Nigeria
| | - Temitope Fadiya
- The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Ikoyi, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Popoola
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Ogundimu
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Funmilade O. Adepoju
- Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayotomiwa Salawu
- Department of Public Health, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Leopold Zekeng
- The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Ikoyi, Nigeria
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Sadhwani A, Sood E, Van Bergen AH, Ilardi D, Sanz JH, Gaynor JW, Seed M, Ortinau CM, Marino BS, Miller TA, Gaies M, Cassidy AR, Donohue JE, Ardisana A, Wypij D, Goldberg CS. Development of the data registry for the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:79-85. [PMID: 37203794 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) can face neurodevelopmental, psychological, and behavioural difficulties beginning in infancy and continuing through adulthood. Despite overall improvements in medical care and a growing focus on neurodevelopmental screening and evaluation in recent years, neurodevelopmental disabilities, delays, and deficits remain a concern. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was founded in 2016 with the goal of improving neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with CHD and pediatric heart disease. This paper describes the establishment of a centralised clinical data registry to standardize data collection across member institutions of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. The goal of this registry is to foster collaboration for large, multi-centre research and quality improvement initiatives that will benefit individuals and families with CHD and improve their quality of life. We describe the components of the registry, initial research projects proposed using data from the registry, and lessons learned in the development of the registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sadhwani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica Sood
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew H Van Bergen
- Advocate Children's Heart Institute, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL, USA
| | - Dawn Ilardi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, and the Department of Neuropsychology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline H Sanz
- Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Hospital, and Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J William Gaynor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Seed
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Ortinau
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis. MO, USA
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Miller
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Michael Gaies
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam R Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, and Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet E Donohue
- Cardiac Networks United Data Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David Wypij
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren S Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Haase CB, Bearman M, Brodersen JB, Risor T, Hoeyer K. Data driven or data informed? How general practitioners use data to evaluate their own and colleagues' clinical work in clusters. Sociol Health Illn 2023. [PMID: 38156947 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary policy discourses, data are presented as key assets for improving health-care quality: policymakers want health care to become 'data driven'. In this article, we focus on a particular example of this ambition, namely a new Danish national quality development program for general practitioners (GPs) where doctors are placed in so-called 'clusters'. In these clusters, GPs are obliged to assess their own and colleagues' clinical quality with data derived from their own clinics-using comparisons, averages and benchmarks. Based on semi-structured interviews with Danish GPs and drawing on Science and Technology Studies, we explore how GPs understand these data, and what makes them trust-or question-a data analysis. The GPs describe how they change clinical practices based on these discussions of data. So, when and how do data for quality assurance come to influence their perceptions of quality? By exploring these issues, we carve out a role for a sociological engagement with evidence in everyday medical practices. In conclusion, we suggest a need to move from the aim of being data driven to one of being data informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Bjerre Haase
- Department of Public Health, Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning (CRADLE), Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Centre of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret Bearman
- Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning (CRADLE), Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Brandt Brodersen
- Department of Public Health, Centre of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Unit for General Practice, Region Zealand, Denmark
- Research Unit for General Practice, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torsten Risor
- Department of Public Health, Centre of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for General Practice, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Klaus Hoeyer
- Department of Public Health, Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Leslie T, Parry C, Ondoa P, Walsh T, Moore C, Poudyal N, Marks F, Gordon NC. The Reality of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Usage Data in Asia: The CAPTURA Experience. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S497-S499. [PMID: 38118008 PMCID: PMC10732558 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries, is threatening to undermine advances in health and development. Scarce technical and human resources in these countries limit the collection of quality AMR data for evidence-based decision-making. The CAPTURA consortium, funded by the Fleming Fund, was implemented across 7 countries in the South and Southeast Asian region. The program focused on collating historical bacteriological data for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The team gathered standard data on the quality of laboratories and clinics and the quality and quantity of retrospective historical AMR data. In addition, retrospective data on antimicrobial use and consumption were analyzed. While standard protocols guided the project, a tailored approach for stakeholder engagement was implemented to work with countries and secure data-sharing agreements. The program also had to navigate the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, making some innovative adaptations to overcome logistical barriers. From 2018 through 2022, a large body of data was collected that was used to base a series of recommended key measures for strengthening the development of standardized national surveillance programs and to support alignment with international efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Leslie
- Fleming Fund Management Agent, Mott MacDonald, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Parry
- Fleming Fund Management Agent, Mott MacDonald, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Ondoa
- African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Walsh
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford/Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin Moore
- Institute of Infection and Immunity at St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nimesh Poudyal
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Evans E, Zengul A, Knight A, Willig A, Cherrington A, Mehta T, Thirumalai M. Stakeholders' Perspectives, Needs, and Barriers to Self-Management for People With Physical Disabilities Experiencing Chronic Conditions: Focus Group Study. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 10:e43309. [PMID: 38109170 PMCID: PMC10758937 DOI: 10.2196/43309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While self-management programs have had significant improvements for individuals with chronic conditions, less is known about the impact of self-management programs for individuals with physical disabilities who experience chronic conditions, as no holistic self-management programs exist for this population. Similarly, there is limited knowledge of how other stakeholders, such as caregivers, health experts, and researchers, view self-management programs in the context of disability, chronic health conditions, and assistive technologies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to obtain insight into how stakeholders perceive self-management relating to physical disability, chronic conditions, and assistive technologies. METHODS Nine focus groups were conducted by 2 trained facilitators using semistructured interview guides. Each guide contained questions relating to stakeholders' experiences, challenges with self-management programs, and perceptions of assistive technologies. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted on the focus group data. RESULTS A total of 47 individuals participated in the focus groups. By using a constructivist grounded approach and inductive data collection, three main themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) perspectives, (2) needs, and (3) barriers of stakeholders. Stakeholders emphasized the importance of physical activity, mental health, symptom management, medication management, participant centeredness, and chronic disease and disability education. Participants viewed technology as a beneficial aide to their daily self-management and expressed their desire to have peer-to-peer support in web-based self-management programs. Additional views of technology included the ability to access individualized, educational content and connect with other individuals who experience similar health conditions or struggle with caregiving duties. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the development of any web-based self-management program should include mental health education and resources in addition to physical activity content and symptom management and be cost-effective. Beyond the inclusion of educational resources, stakeholders desired customization or patient centeredness in the program to meet the overall needs of individuals with physical disabilities and caregivers. The development of web-based self-management programs should be holistic in meeting the needs of all stakeholders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05481593; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05481593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Evans
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ayse Zengul
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amy Knight
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amanda Willig
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrea Cherrington
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Tapan Mehta
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohanraj Thirumalai
- Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Epizitone A, Moyane SP, Agbehadji IE. A Data-Driven Paradigm for a Resilient and Sustainable Integrated Health Information Systems for Health Care Applications. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:4015-4025. [PMID: 38107085 PMCID: PMC10725635 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s433299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many transformations and uncertainties, such as the fourth industrial revolution and pandemics, have propelled healthcare acceptance and deployment of health information systems (HIS). External and internal determinants aligning with the global course influence their deployments. At the epic is digitalization, which generates endless data that has permeated healthcare. The continuous proliferation of complex and dynamic healthcare data is the digitalization frontier in healthcare that necessitates attention. Objective This study explores the existing body of information on HIS for healthcare through the data lens to present a data-driven paradigm for healthcare augmentation paramount to attaining a sustainable and resilient HIS. Method Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: PRISMA-compliant in-depth literature review was conducted systematically to synthesize and analyze the literature content to ascertain the value disposition of HIS data in healthcare delivery. Results This study details the aspects of a data-driven paradigm for robust and sustainable HIS for health care applications. Data source, data action and decisions, data sciences techniques, serialization of data sciences techniques in the HIS, and data insight implementation and application are data-driven features expounded. These are essential data-driven paradigm building blocks that need iteration to succeed. Discussions Existing literature considers insurgent data in healthcare challenging, disruptive, and potentially revolutionary. This view echoes the current healthcare quandary of good and bad data availability. Thus, data-driven insights are essential for building a resilient and sustainable HIS. People, technology, and tasks dominated prior HIS frameworks, with few data-centric facets. Improving healthcare and the HIS requires identifying and integrating crucial data elements. Conclusion The paper presented a data-driven paradigm for a resilient and sustainable HIS. The findings show that data-driven track and components are essential to improve healthcare using data analytics insights. It provides an integrated footing for data analytics to support and effectively assist health care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayogeboh Epizitone
- ICT and Society Research Group, Department of Information and Corporate Management, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Smangele Pretty Moyane
- Department of Information and Corporate Management, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Israel Edem Agbehadji
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Strydom A, Van Rensburg J, Pepper MS. A data management plan for the NESHIE observational study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1273975. [PMID: 38130874 PMCID: PMC10734687 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1273975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With regard to the use and transfer of research participants' personal information, samples and other data nationally and internationally, it is necessary to construct a data management plan. One of the key objectives of a data management plan is to explain the governance of clinical, biochemical, laboratory, molecular and other sources of data according to the regulations and policies of all relevant stakeholders. It also seeks to describe the processes involved in protecting the personal information of research participants, especially those from vulnerable populations. In most data management plans, the framework therefore consists of describing the collection, organization, use, storage, contextualization, preservation, sharing and access of/to research data and/or samples. It may also include a description of data management resources, including those associated with analyzed samples, and identifies responsible parties for the establishment, implementation and overall management of the data management strategy. Importantly, the data management plan serves to highlight potential problems with the collection, sharing, and preservation of research data. However, there are different forms of data management plans and requirements may vary due to funder guidelines and the nature of the study under consideration. This paper leverages the detailed data management plans constructed for the 'NESHIE study' and is a first attempt at providing a comprehensive template applicable to research focused on vulnerable populations, particularly those within LMICs, that includes a multi-omics approach to achieve the study aims. More particularly, this template, available for download as a supplementary document, provides a modifiable outline for future projects that involve similar sensitivities, whether in clinical research or clinical trials. It includes a description of the management not only of the data generated through standard clinical practice, but also that which is generated through the analysis of a variety of samples being collected from research participants and analyzed using multi-omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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