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Bonett S, Lin W, Sexton Topper P, Wolfe J, Golinkoff J, Deshpande A, Villarruel A, Bauermeister J. Assessing and Improving Data Integrity in Web-Based Surveys: Comparison of Fraud Detection Systems in a COVID-19 Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47091. [PMID: 38214962 PMCID: PMC10818231 DOI: 10.2196/47091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based surveys increase access to study participation and improve opportunities to reach diverse populations. However, web-based surveys are vulnerable to data quality threats, including fraudulent entries from automated bots and duplicative submissions. Widely used proprietary tools to identify fraud offer little transparency about the methods used, effectiveness, or representativeness of resulting data sets. Robust, reproducible, and context-specific methods of accurately detecting fraudulent responses are needed to ensure integrity and maximize the value of web-based survey research. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe a multilayered fraud detection system implemented in a large web-based survey about COVID-19 attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors; examine the agreement between this fraud detection system and a proprietary fraud detection system; and compare the resulting study samples from each of the 2 fraud detection methods. METHODS The PhillyCEAL Common Survey is a cross-sectional web-based survey that remotely enrolled residents ages 13 years and older to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted individuals, neighborhoods, and communities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Two fraud detection methods are described and compared: (1) a multilayer fraud detection strategy developed by the research team that combined automated validation of response data and real-time verification of study entries by study personnel and (2) the proprietary fraud detection system used by the Qualtrics (Qualtrics) survey platform. Descriptive statistics were computed for the full sample and for responses classified as valid by 2 different fraud detection methods, and classification tables were created to assess agreement between the methods. The impact of fraud detection methods on the distribution of vaccine confidence by racial or ethnic group was assessed. RESULTS Of 7950 completed surveys, our multilayer fraud detection system identified 3228 (40.60%) cases as valid, while the Qualtrics fraud detection system identified 4389 (55.21%) cases as valid. The 2 methods showed only "fair" or "minimal" agreement in their classifications (κ=0.25; 95% CI 0.23-0.27). The choice of fraud detection method impacted the distribution of vaccine confidence by racial or ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS The selection of a fraud detection method can affect the study's sample composition. The findings of this study, while not conclusive, suggest that a multilayered approach to fraud detection that includes conservative use of automated fraud detection and integration of human review of entries tailored to the study's specific context and its participants may be warranted for future survey research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bonett
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Willey Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - James Wolfe
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jesse Golinkoff
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Antonia Villarruel
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - José Bauermeister
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Burstin H, Curry S, Ranney ML, Arora V, Wachler BB, Chou WYS, Correa R, Cryer D, Dizon D, Flores EJ, Harmon G, Jain A, Johnson K, Laine C, Leininger L, McMahon G, Michaelis L, Minhas R, Mularski R, Oldham J, Padman R, Pinnock C, Rivera J, Southwell B, Villarruel A, Wallace K. Identifying Credible Sources of Health Information in Social Media: Phase 2-Considerations for Non-Accredited Nonprofit Organizations, For-Profit Entities, and Individual Sources. NAM Perspect 2023; 2023:202305b. [PMID: 37916063 PMCID: PMC10617996 DOI: 10.31478/202305b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Burstin
- Council of Medical Specialty Societies and George Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donna Cryer
- Global Liver Institute and Council of Medical Specialty Societies Board of Directors
| | - Don Dizon
- Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Legorreta Cancer Center, and Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Efrén J Flores
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | - Christine Laine
- Annals of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, and American College of Physicians
| | | | | | - Laura Michaelis
- Froedtert Hospital Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Rivera
- The Pandemic Tracking Collective, The Rockefeller Foundation
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Villarruel A, Sochalski J. Advancing Primary Care with Underserved Communities: A Case Study of the Leonard A. Lauder Community Care Nurse Practitioner Program. NAM Perspect 2023. [DOI: 10.31478/202302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Flores DD, Hennessy K, Rosario A, Chung J, Wood S, Kershaw T, Villarruel A, Bauermeister J. Parents ASSIST: Acceptability and Feasibility of a Video-Based Educational Series for Sexuality-Inclusive Communication between Parents and Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Sons. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:379. [PMID: 35010638 PMCID: PMC8744946 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) between the ages of 13 and 24 are a key population for HIV prevention. The parents of gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ) adolescent males and the sex communication they have with their sons has yet to be explored as an HIV prevention intervention. We developed an online video series called Parents ASSIST (Advancing Supportive and Sexuality-Inclusive Sex Talks) to educate parents about sexual health topics pertinent to GBQ males. We pilot tested the series with a sample of 54 parents of GBQ males using a single-group post-test design. Participants viewed the videos and completed a survey measuring the acceptability and feasibility of an online video series to educate parents. Most of the parents (70.4%) believed that the videos would make parents more likely to initiate talking about sex with their sons. The results suggest that online videos are an acceptable way for parents to learn about GBQ sexual health topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalmacio D. Flores
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.H.); (A.R.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Kate Hennessy
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.H.); (A.R.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Andre Rosario
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.H.); (A.R.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jamie Chung
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.H.); (A.R.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Sarah Wood
- Craig A. Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Trace Kershaw
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Antonia Villarruel
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.H.); (A.R.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jose Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.H.); (A.R.); (J.C.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
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Fairman JA, Giordano NA, McCauley K, Villarruel A. Invitational summit: Re-envisioning research focused PHD programs of the future. J Prof Nurs 2020; 37:221-227. [PMID: 33674099 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, in response to the growing discussions, a seminal report, The Research-Focused Doctoral Program in Nursing -Pathways to Excellence was endorsed by AACN members. A re-envisioning of PhD programs is urgently needed to ensure the advancement of nursing science and to situate research focused nursing PhD graduates for success - in academia and beyond. To address these issues, the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing held a summit in October 2019, Re-envisioning Research Focused PhD Programs of the Future, with stakeholders from 41 educational, governmental, professional and philanthropic institutions. Results from a pre-summit poll shaped the Summit agenda, which consisted of panels and roundtables. Prior to and throughout the Summit, attendees identified and discussed challenges facing research intensive nursing PhD programs, emerging innovations within programs, and suggested changes to re-envision the future training of nurse scientists. These changes include better preparing PhD program graduates to bridge the research and practice divide, redesign funding and support for accelerated PhD students, and to reconceptualize outcome measures and evaluations of graduates. A synthesis of roundtable discussions will be used to frame other manuscripts in this issue as well as to prepare a roadmap for next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Fairman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, RWJF Future of Nursing Scholars Program, Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, United States of America.
| | - Nicholas A Giordano
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Kathleen McCauley
- NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Antonia Villarruel
- Professor and Margaret Bond Simon Dean of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, United States of America
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Mason DJ, Martsolf GR, Sloan J, Villarruel A, Sullivan C. Making health a shared value: Lessons from nurse-designed models of care. Nurs Outlook 2019; 67:213-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Martsolf
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Diana Mason
- George Washington University School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA
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Bravo-González J, Rodríguez-Soto NDC, Andújar LA, Díaz EB, Díaz NV, Villarruel A. [ACCESS TO AN ONLINE EDUCATIONAL MODULE ON SEXUAL HEALTH FOR LATINO/A ADOLESCENTS]. Rev Puertorriquena Psicol 2017; 28:372-385. [PMID: 30046383 PMCID: PMC6055233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Project Cuídalos aimed to test the efficacy of a web-based intervention aiming to increase communication on sexual health topics between parents and adolescents in the Puerto Rican population. To achieve this goal, we implemented a longitudinal experimental design which examined whether the intervention would impact communication about sexuality between the participants (N=1,320). Parents completed a web-based interactive module in recruitment centers throughout Puerto Rico. Afterwards, parents could revisit the web-based workshop on their own. The process of accessing the workshop proved to be challenging. To explore why, we expanded our design and incorporated a qualitative component that included semi-structured telephone interviews to 23 randomly selected participants. After transcribing the interviews, we conducted a content analysis from which six thematic categories emerged: 1) perceived impact of the module in the parent-adolescent relationship, 2) communication between research team and parents, 3) platform to access the module, 4) assistance to complete the module, 5) remote access to the module, and 6) changes to the module for future implementations. Our findings will allow us to refine our intervention and offer recommendations to similar efforts using the Internet to increase their impact.
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Fernández AM, McFarlane MN, González R, Díaz L, Betancourt-Díaz E, Cintrón-Bou F, Varas-Díaz N, Villarruel A. [ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS AND ADOLESCENTS IN PUERTO RICO]. Rev Puertorriquena Psicol 2017; 28:80-95. [PMID: 28736599 PMCID: PMC5520656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Communication between parents and adolescents about sexuality faces challenges due in part to sociocultural factors. This study aimed to document the attitudes of parents and adolescents about communication regarding sexuality. The results emanate from the baseline measurement of the Cuídalos Project. The presented data is part of a larger study that aimed to evaluate a web-based module to foster communications between parents and adolescents (13-17 years of age) on health-related issues. In this article, we present the baseline data in which participants answered questions on their comfort when talking about sexual health issues. The sample was composed of 458 parent/adolescent dyads (n=916). We carried out a frequency and central tendency analysis of the gathered data. The average age for adolescents was 15 years of age, and 15% were sexually active. Adolescents reported better attitudes towards sexual communication than parents. Still, parents understood that they shared sufficient information on sexuality related topics. Parents and adolescents reported some level of difficulty and lack of comfort when talking about specific prevention methods. Results highlight the need to incorporate parents into interventions geared for adolescents and their sexual health. In Puerto Rico, it is necessary to develop programs that aim to reduce high-risk sexual activity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leslie Díaz
- Ponce Health Science University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Elba Betancourt-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Psicológica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Francheska Cintrón-Bou
- Instituto de Investigación Psicológica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nelson Varas-Díaz
- Universidad Internacional de la Florida, Miami, Estados Unidos de América
| | - Antonia Villarruel
- Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad de Pensilvania, Pennsylvania, Estados Unidos de América
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Martsolf GR, Gordon T, Warren May L, Mason D, Sullivan C, Villarruel A. Innovative nursing care models and culture of health: Early evidence. Nurs Outlook 2016; 64:367-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Aebersold M, Villarruel A, Tschannen D, Valladares A, Yaksich J, Yeagley E, Hawes A. Using a Virtual Environment to Deliver Evidence-Based Interventions: The Facilitator's Experience. JMIR Serious Games 2015. [PMID: 26199045 PMCID: PMC4527009 DOI: 10.2196/games.4293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have the potential to maximize positive impact on communities. However, despite the quantity and quality of EBIs for prevention, the need for formalized training and associated training-related expenses, such as travel costs, program materials, and input of personnel hours, pose implementation challenges for many community-based organizations. In this study, the community of inquiry (CoI) framework was used to develop the virtual learning environment to support the adaptation of the ¡Cuídate! (Take Care of Yourself!) Training of Facilitators curriculum (an EBI) to train facilitators from community-based organizations. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of adapting a traditional face-to-face facilitator training program for ¡Cuídate!, a sexual risk reduction EBI for Latino youth, for use in a multi-user virtual environment (MUVE). Additionally, two aims of the study were explored: the acceptability of the facilitator training and the level of the facilitators’ knowledge and self-efficacy to implement the training. Methods A total of 35 facilitators were trained in the virtual environment. We evaluated the facilitators' experience in the virtual training environment and determined if the learning environment was acceptable and supported the acquisition of learning outcomes. To this end, the facilitators were surveyed using a modified community of inquiry survey, with questions specific to the Second Life environment and an open-ended questionnaire. In addition, a comparison to face-to-face training was conducted using survey methods. Results Results of the community of inquiry survey demonstrated a subscale mean of 23.11 (SD 4.12) out of a possible 30 on social presence, a subscale mean of 8.74 (SD 1.01) out of a possible 10 on teaching presence, and a subscale mean of 16.69 (SD 1.97) out of a possible 20 on cognitive presence. The comparison to face-to-face training showed no significant differences in participants' ability to respond to challenging or sensitive questions (P=.50) or their ability to help participants recognize how Latino culture supports safer sex (P=.32). There was a significant difference in their knowledge of core elements and modules (P<.001). A total of 74% (26/35) of the Second Life participants did agree/strongly agree that they had the skills to deliver the ¡Cuídate! program. Conclusions The results showed that participants found the Second Life environment to be acceptable to the learners and supported an experience in which learners were able to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to deliver the curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Aebersold
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Alvarez C, Villarruel A. Association of Gender Norms, Relationship and Intrapersonal Variables, and Acculturation With Sexual Communication Among Young Adult Latinos. Res Nurs Health 2015; 38:121-32. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Alvarez
- Assistant Professor; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing; 525 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore MD 21231
| | - Antonia Villarruel
- Professor and Margaret Bond Simon Dean of Nursing; University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing; Philadelphia PA
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Bigelow A, Singha-Dong N, Pardee M, Villarruel A, Davis L, Potempa K. Global clinical immersion for primary care training: Learning from the
global community. Ann Glob Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Bigelow A, Villarruel A, Ronis DL. The relationship of alcohol use and physical activity from an ecologic perspective. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2014; 19:28-38. [PMID: 24393226 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the predictors of alcohol use (AU) and their relationship to physical activity (PA) among adolescents and to examine differences among groups using an ecologic model. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross sectional secondary analysis of 11,432 adolescents (51% 8th and 49% 10th graders). RESULTS Attitude, perception of risk, and academic performance were the strongest predictors of AU. PA did not moderate, but it had a positive influence on AU in 10th graders. Differences were observed among groups. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses can address individual and school factors in an effort to decrease AU and guide nurses in creating an individualized plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Bigelow
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Guzman JR, Villarruel A. Overcoming low-income and language barriers to access. Mod Healthc 2013; 43:31. [PMID: 24371943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Alvarez CP, Villarruel A. Sexual Communication Among Young Adult Heterosexual Latinos: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Hisp Hlth Care Int 2013; 11:101-10. [DOI: 10.1891/1540-4153.11.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Patel K, Parker R, Villarruel A, Wong W. Amplifying the Voice of the Underserved in the Implementation of the Affordable Care Act. NAM Perspect 2013. [DOI: 10.31478/201306e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Portillo CJ, Villarruel A, de Leon Siantz ML, Peragallo N, Calvillo ER, Eribes CM. Research agenda for Hispanics in the United States: a nursing perspective. Nurs Outlook 2001; 49:263-9. [PMID: 11753292 DOI: 10.1067/mno.2001.119691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is perhaps the most salient characteristic that defines Hispanic populations of the United States. Hispanic populations include native-born, migrant, and immigrant peoples with distinctive national origins and regional settlement patterns. This multigenerational migratory and social adjustment process has produced important cultural variations within and among the respective Hispanic ethnic groups. Moreover, the demographic structure of Hispanic populations is also varied and complex. These historical, demographic, and sociocultural features shape the health and disease experience of Hispanics. As expected, respective Hispanic ethnic groups vary in health status and have differing needs for health services. This article provides demographic background, a historical perspective, a synthesis of Hispanic issues identified in major and authoritative government documents, summary on the state-of-the-science for nursing research with Hispanics, and recommendations for future nursing research directions.
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Knott C, Beyer J, Villarruel A, Denyes M, Erickson V, Willard G. Using the Oucher developmental approach to pain assessment in children. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 1994; 19:314-20. [PMID: 7823794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Knott
- Irwin Army Community Hospital, Fort Riley, Kansas
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