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Harrington J. Modern nursing-An unrecognized economic powerhouse. Respirology 2024. [PMID: 38656604 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- John Harrington
- Department of Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Benkraiem R, El-Khatib Y, Fan J, Goutte S, Klein T. Optimal risk management considering environmental and climatic changes. Risk Anal 2024. [PMID: 38622068 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change presents challenges to policy and economic stability, necessitating effective trading strategies to reduce environmental risks. This article addresses gaps in existing studies by using a Markov-switching model to consider climate risk. Backward stochastic differential equations are used to optimize utility with three hedging strategies based on the concept of risk aversion. Numerical scenarios confirm the model's superiority in incorporating exogenous events, with our risk-averse strategy outperforming classical approaches. Our strategy outperforms classical strategies by taking a flexible risk trading when investors face risk-averse behavior due to climate risk events. The findings presented in this article have important implications for the development of more resilient investment portfolios and can contribute to climate policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youssef El-Khatib
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jun Fan
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Stéphane Goutte
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMI SOURCE, IRD, UVSQ, Guyancourt, France
- Paris School of Business, Paris, France
| | - Tony Klein
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
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3
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Oliveira DDS, Gomes GC, Rocha LCS, Rotella Junior P, Aquila G, Bernardes PA, Janda K. Energy and stochastic economic assessment for distributed power generation from Manipueira biogas. Environ Technol 2024; 45:1608-1621. [PMID: 36377751 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2148569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is a staple food in many countries, and this food source differs from other crops in that its processing generates a highly polluting and toxic residue (manipueira) that requires further treatment. The present study analyzed the economic feasibility of anaerobic digestion of manipueira for producing clean electricity through distributed generation (DG) while simultaneously eliminating toxic compounds. This eliminates the toxic residues. For this, an approach for the sizing of DG plants from manipueira biogas was presented, a non-trivial task which is not widespread in the literature. For two plants with different capacities, a deterministic economic analysis was carried out based on the criteria of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Discounted Payback. Finally, the project risk was assessed through a sensitivity and stochastic analysis using Monte Carlo Simulation. The empirical verification was done on Brazilian data. When considering the NPV criterion, the results indicate a feasibility probability of 9.25% and 81.21% for scenarios 01 and 02, respectively. The results show that scale gains were important in reducing the impact of the investment and, at the same time, the larger scale of the project makes the cost of capital more relevant to the result. These findings show the need for subsidies for the investment, in addition to the promotion of specific credit lines that enable small-scale generation, or that can improve results in greater capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denner Dos Santos Oliveira
- Management Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - North of Minas Gerais, Almenara, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa Gomes
- Management Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - North of Minas Gerais, Almenara, Brazil
| | - Luiz Célio Souza Rocha
- Management Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - North of Minas Gerais, Almenara, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rotella Junior
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aquila
- Institute of Production Engineering and Management, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alberto Bernardes
- Institute of Production Engineering and Management, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil
| | - Karel Janda
- Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Joel S, Machia L. How Do Invested Partners Become Invested? A Prospective Investigation of Fledgling Relationship Development. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024:1461672231224351. [PMID: 38323619 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231224351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Investment-the feeling that one has put considerable resources into a relationship-is theorized to play a key role in relationship persistence. Yet, the development of investment is not well-understood. We recruited 256 individuals in new dating relationships and surveyed them each week for up to 25 weeks. This design allows us to test underlying theoretical assumptions about how people become invested in new dating partners. Some assumptions, such as the idea that investment increases over time, were confirmed. Other assumptions were not supported: Feelings of investment were quite high after only a few weeks of dating and were not strongly shaped by concrete relationship milestones. Rather, feelings of investment were strongly linked to other subjective indicators of relationship development, such as feeling attached to the partner and believing that the relationship had a good future. We discuss the implications of these findings for existing models of investment.
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5
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Pauly MV, Burns RL. Equity Investment in Physician Practices: What's All This Brouhaha? J Health Polit Policy Law 2024:11186103. [PMID: 38324370 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-11186103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There have been two waves of equity-based investment in physician practices. Both used a combination of public and private sources, but in different mixes. The first investment wave in the 1990s was led by public equity and physician practice management companies (PPMCs), with less involvement by private equity (PE). The second investment wave followed the Affordable Care Act (ACA 2010) and led by PE firms. It has generated concerns of wasteful spending, less cost-effective care, and initiatives harmful to patient welfare. This paper compares the two waves and asks if they are parallel in important ways. We describe the similarity in the players, driving forces, acquisition dynamics, spurs to consolidation, types of equity involved, models to organize physicians, and levels of market penetration achieved. The paper then tackles three unresolved issues. Does PE investment differ from other investment vehicles in concerning ways? Does PE possess capabilities that other investment vehicles lack and confer competitive advantage? Does physician practice investment offer opportunities for super-normal profits? The paper then discusses ongoing trends that may disrupt PE and curtail its practice investment. We conclude past may be prologue: what happened during the 1990s may well repeat, suggesting the PE threat is overblown.
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6
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Talwar R, Freymond M, Beesabathuni K, Lingala S. Current and Future Market Opportunities for Alternative Proteins in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102035. [PMID: 38476721 PMCID: PMC10926118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for sustainable food systems to address the nutritional requirements of today and tomorrow. Alternative proteins (AP) have the potential to diversify the protein sources available for consumption while aligning with nutritional, environmental, and cultural needs and preferences. Although AP startups and investors focus on high-income countries, there is a growing market opportunity for AP in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to increasing incomes, urbanization, and market expansion. This study aimed to evaluate the market opportunity for AP in LMICs by evaluating current global AP market trends, the factors influencing consumer demand, and the key aspects for enabling the environment for AP. Risks, challenges, and strategies for AP market expansion in LMICs are also discussed. The expansion and adoption of AP in LMICs could present a promising solution to nourish the world's growing population while mitigating the global food and environmental crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Talwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Agarwal A, Orlow SJ. An update on private equity acquisitions in dermatology, 2013 to 2022. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:446-448. [PMID: 37863202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Agarwal
- New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York, New York
| | - Seth J Orlow
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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8
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Jiang M, Wang R, Wood R, Rasul K, Zhu B, Hertwich E. Material and Carbon Footprints of Machinery Capital. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21124-21135. [PMID: 37990406 PMCID: PMC10734266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Machinery and equipment, integral as technology-specific capital goods, play a dual role in climate change: it acts as both a mitigator and an exacerbator due to its carbon-intensive life cycle. Despite their importance, current climate mitigation analyses often overlook these items, leaving a gap in comprehensive analyses of their material stock and environmental impacts. To address this, our research integrates input-output analysis (IOA) with dynamic material flow analysis (d-MFA) to assess the carbon and material footprints of machinery. It finds that in 2019, machinery production required 30% of global metal production and 8% of global carbon emissions. Between 2000 and 2019, the metal footprint of the stock of machinery grew twice as fast as the economy. To illustrate the global implications and scale, we spotlight key countries. China's rise in machinery material stock is noteworthy, surpassing the United States in 2008 in total amount and achieving half of the US per capita level by 2019. Our study also contrasts economic depreciation─a value-centric metric─with the tangible lifespan of machinery, revealing how much the physical size of the capital stock exceeds its book values. As physical machinery stocks saturate, new machinery can increasingly be built from metals recycled from retired machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- Department
of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Ranran Wang
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Wood
- Department
of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Kajwan Rasul
- Department
of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Edgar Hertwich
- Department
of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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9
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Schrobback P, Gonzalez Fischer C, Mayberry D, Herrero M. On-farm investments into dairy cow health: evidence from 15 case study countries. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1288199. [PMID: 38026644 PMCID: PMC10643693 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1288199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing investments in dairy cow health at a national and global scale, requires an improved understanding of current on-farm expenses for cow health (e.g., expenditure for medicine and veterinary consultations). The aim of this study was to assess on-farm health investments for typical dairy farms in 15 case study countries, including Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, India, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Kenya, New Zealand, Uganda, UK, Uruguay, and USA. The study was conducted using a descriptive analysis of a secondary data set that was obtained from the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN). The results suggest that health expenditures take up a relatively small proportion (<10%) of the annual total production costs per cow across all countries in the sample. The means of production costs (e.g., feed, machinery) can take up to 90% of the total production costs for highly intensive systems, while these costs can be as low as 9% for extensive systems. This study highlights the importance of understanding on-farm animal health investments as a contribution to improved national and global decision making about animal health in the dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Schrobback
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Program, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Gonzalez Fischer
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Program, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Cornell Atkinson Centre for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dianne Mayberry
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Program, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mario Herrero
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases Program, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and Cornell Atkinson Centre for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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10
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Maldonado M, Fornoni J, Boege K, Pérez Ishiwara R, Santos-Gally R, Domínguez CA. The role of within-plant variation in nectar production: an experimental approach. Ann Bot 2023; 132:95-106. [PMID: 37419457 PMCID: PMC10550272 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nectar, a plant reward for pollinators, can be energetically expensive. Hence, a higher investment in nectar production can lead to reduced allocation to other vital functions and/or increased geitonogamous pollination. One possible strategy employed by plants to reduce these costs is to offer variable amounts of nectar among flowers within a plant, to manipulate pollinator behaviour. Using artificial flowers, we tested this hypothesis by examining how pollinator visitation responds to inter- and intra-plant variation in nectar production, assessing how these responses impact the energetic cost per visit. METHODS We conducted a 2 × 2 factorial experiment using artificial flowers, with two levels of nectar investment (high and low sugar concentration) and two degrees of intra-plant variation in nectar concentration (coefficient of variation 0 and 20 %). The experimental plants were exposed to visits (number and type) from a captive Bombus impatiens colony, and we recorded the total visitation rate, distinguishing geitonogamous from exogamous visits. Additionally, we calculated two estimators of the energetic cost per visit and examined whether flowers with higher nectar concentrations (richer flowers) attracted more bumblebees. KEY RESULTS Plants in the variable nectar production treatment (coefficient of variation 20 %) had a greater proportion of flowers visited by pollinators, with higher rates of total, geitonogamous and exogamous visitation, compared with plants with invariable nectar production. When assuming no nectar reabsorption, variable plants incurred a lower cost per visit compared with invariable plants. Moreover, highly rewarding flowers on variable plants had higher rates of pollination visits compared with flowers with few rewards. CONCLUSIONS Intra-plant variation in nectar concentration can represent a mechanism for pollinator manipulation, enabling plants to decrease the energetic costs of the interaction while still ensuring consistent pollinator visitation. However, our findings did not provide support for the hypothesis that intra-plant variation in nectar concentration acts as a mechanism to avoid geitonogamy. Additionally, our results confirmed the hypothesis that increased visitation to variable plants is dependent on the presence of flowers with nectar concentration above the mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Maldonado
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P. 70-275, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Fornoni
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P. 70-275, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Boege
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P. 70-275, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Pérez Ishiwara
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P. 70-275, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Santos-Gally
- CONAHCYT-Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P. 70-275, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoA.P. 70-275, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Bunkley N, McCool J, Garton K. A review of international trade and investment agreements and nutrition policy space in the Pacific. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1208542. [PMID: 37712003 PMCID: PMC10498917 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1208542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Pacific are heavily reliant on imported foods which are often nutritionally deficient, and typically high in salt, fat, and sugar. To curb nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, nutrition policies are needed to create food environments that promote healthy diets. However, international trade and investment agreements (TIAs) may interfere with the policy space for SIDS to regulate their food environments by requiring member states to meet trade obligations that could conflict with their nutrition policy goals. In this review, we identify real examples of where TIAs have been responsible for changes in Pacific SIDS' nutrition policies alongside the potential for further constraints on healthy nutrition policies from Pacific Island participation in TIAs. In addition, we note the effects of regulatory chill from TIA obligations in Pacific SIDS, whereby healthy nutrition policies are not considered, developed, or implemented due to the threat of trade disputes or the complexity of TIA procedural requirements. Existing literature indicates that TIAs have shaped nutrition policies to fit within the global trade paradigm despite SIDS' nutrition policy imperatives. More can be done locally, regionally, and internationally to increase the importance of nutrition in the trade agenda, leverage regional institutions to champion nutrition regulation and support SIDS in navigating the trade and nutrition policy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Bunkley
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Agorinya J, Avoka C, Bain LE. When little can do more: the case for investing in mental healthcare in Ghana. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:86. [PMID: 37663623 PMCID: PMC10474816 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.86.40409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cephas Avoka
- Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana
| | - Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
- International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada
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13
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Wang R, Hertwich EG, Fishman T, Deetman S, Behrens P, Chen WQ, de Koning A, Xu M, Matus K, Ward H, Tukker A, Zimmerman JB. The legacy environmental footprints of manufactured capital. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218828120. [PMID: 37276416 PMCID: PMC10268226 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The foundations of today's societies are provided by manufactured capital accumulation driven by investment decisions through time. Reconceiving how the manufactured assets are harnessed in the production-consumption system is at the heart of the paradigm shifts necessary for long-term sustainability. Our research integrates 50 years of economic and environmental data to provide the global legacy environmental footprint (LEF) and unveil the historical material extractions, greenhouse gas emissions, and health impacts accrued in today's manufactured capital. We show that between 1995 and 2019, global LEF growth outpaced GDP and population growth, and the current high level of national capital stocks has been heavily relying on global supply chains in metals. The LEF shows a larger or growing gap between developed economies (DEs) and less-developed economies (LDEs) while economic returns from global asset supply chains disproportionately flow to DEs, resulting in a double burden for LDEs. Our results show that ensuring best practice in asset production while prioritizing well-being outcomes is essential in addressing global inequalities and protecting the environment. Achieving this requires a paradigm shift in sustainability science and policy, as well as in green finance decision-making, to move beyond the focus on the resource use and emissions of daily operations of the assets and instead take into account the long-term environmental footprints of capital accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar G. Hertwich
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomer Fishman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Deetman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Behrens
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wei-qiang Chen
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen361024, China
| | - Arjan de Koning
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100190, China
| | - Kira Matus
- Division of Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Hauke Ward
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold Tukker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CCLeiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Cuppello S, Treglown L, Furnham A. Intelligence, Personality and Tolerance of Ambiguity. J Intell 2023; 11:102. [PMID: 37367504 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 3836 adults completed a personality test (the HPTI) and a multidimensional intelligence test (GIA). Two prominent theories that link personality traits to intelligence (compensation and investment) were tested. There were more sex differences in the personality traits than in the IQ scores. Correlational and regression analyses results provided little evidence for either theory but pointed to the role of tolerance of ambiguity as a consistently significant, positive correlate of IQ at both the facet and domain levels. The role of this neglected trait is discussed. Limitations of various aspects of this study and its implications are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cuppello
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London WCIE 7HX, UK
- Thomas International, Marlow SL7 1YG, UK
| | - Luke Treglown
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London WCIE 7HX, UK
- Thomas International, Marlow SL7 1YG, UK
| | - Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School (BI), Nydalveien, 0484 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Suárez MÁ, Gambuzzi E, Soriano Disla JM, Castejón G, Poggiaroni G, Ling J. ROOTS - Circular policies for changing the biowaste system. Open Res Eur 2023; 3:78. [PMID: 37645487 PMCID: PMC10446026 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15507.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The circular economy has a huge potential to make our societies more sustainable and decarbonised, with a reduced impact on the planet's resources. The deployment of innovative solutions in the field of urban biowaste valorisation and reuse is still hindered by numerous bottlenecks, such as technological readiness, funding and financing tools availability, quality and quantity of biowaste and regulatory barriers. The European Green Deal and associated legislative initiatives provide the opportunity to overcome the last ones. To promote innovative solutions for the European circular bioeconomy and help to overcome the barriers for the deployment of a circular bioeconomy, five Horizon 2020 projects working on biowaste valorisation have teamed up. This joint initiative is named ROOTS - circulaR pOlicies for changing the biOwasTe System. The projects HOOP, VALUEWASTE, SCALIBUR, WaysTUP! and CITYLOOPS are piloting new solutions to transform urban biowaste (food waste and green waste) and wastewater into valuable products like feed, fertilisers, bioplastics, biopesticides, proteins and bioethanol. They use different processes and technologies, but they all rely on high levels of recycling/upcycling and propose valorisation solutions relevant to the uptake of a truly circular bioeconomy. As a result of the work performed and experience acquired, a number of bottlenecks have been identified, on the following topics: biowaste prevention, recycling targets and treatment plants, waste and by-products, biopesticides, insects for animal feed, single cell protein, citizen behaviour, investment needs. For each identified bottleneck, this open letter proposes specifically 1) policy recommendations for each level of governance, and 2) information about solutions, good practices and concrete experiences from the participating projects.
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16
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Kyrylych T, Povstenko Y. Multi-Criteria Analysis of Startup Investment Alternatives Using the Hierarchy Method. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:e25050723. [PMID: 37238478 DOI: 10.3390/e25050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the use of multi-criteria analysis for investment alternatives as a rational, transparent, and systematic approach that reveals the decision-making process during a study of influences and relationships in complex organizational systems. It is shown that this approach considers not only quantitative but also qualitative influences, statistical and individual properties of the object, and expert objective evaluation. We define the criteria for evaluating startup investment prerogatives, which are organized in thematic clusters (types of potential). To compare the investment alternatives, Saaty's hierarchy method is used. As an example, the analysis of three startups is carried out based on the phase mechanism and Saaty's analytic hierarchy process to identify investment appeal of startups according to their specific features. As a result, it is possible to diversify the risks of an investor through the allocation of resources between several projects, in accordance with the received vector of global priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kyrylych
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Yuriy Povstenko
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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17
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Krieg CP, Seeger K, Campany C, Watkins JE, McClearn D, McCulloh KA, Sessa EB. Functional traits and trait coordination change over the life of a leaf in a tropical fern species. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16151. [PMID: 36879521 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Plant ecological strategies are often defined by the integration of underlying traits related to resource acquisition, allocation, and growth. Correlations between key traits across diverse plants suggest that variation in plant ecological strategies is largely driven by a fast-slow continuum of plant economics. However, trait correlations may not be constant through the life of a leaf, and it is still poorly understood how trait function varies over time in long-lived leaves. METHODS Here, we compared trait correlations related to resource acquisition and allocation across three different mature frond age cohorts in a tropical fern species, Saccoloma inaequale. RESULTS Fronds exhibited high initial investments of nitrogen and carbon, but with declining return in photosynthetic capacity after the first year. In the youngest fronds, we found water-use efficiency to be significantly lower than in the oldest mature fronds due to increased transpiration rates. Our data suggest that middle-aged fronds are more efficient relative to younger, less water-use efficient fronds and that older fronds exhibit greater nitrogen investments without higher photosynthetic return. In addition, several trait correlations expected under the leaf economics spectrum (LES) do not hold within this species, and some trait correlations only appear in fronds of a specific developmental age. CONCLUSIONS These findings contextualize the relationship between traits and leaf developmental age with those predicted to underlie plant ecological strategy and the LES and are among the first pieces of evidence for when relative physiological trait efficiency is maximized in a tropical fern species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Seeger
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Courtney Campany
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, USA
| | - James E Watkins
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
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18
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Lasley JN, Appiah EO, Kojima K, Blacksell SD. Global Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Equipment Management and Sustainability and Implications for Pandemic Preparedness Priorities 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1-12. [PMID: 36958021 PMCID: PMC10045690 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.220778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial investments into laboratories, notably sophisticated equipment, have been made over time to detect emerging diseases close to their source. Diagnostic capacity has expanded as a result, but challenges have emerged. The Equipment Management and Sustainability Survey was sent to the Veterinary Services of 182 countries in mid-2019. We measured the status of forty types of laboratory equipment used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Of the 68,455 items reported from 227 laboratories in 136 countries, 22% (14,894/68,455) were improperly maintained, and 46% (29,957/65,490) were improperly calibrated. Notable differences were observed across World Bank income levels and regions, raising concerns about equipment reliability and the results they produce. Our results will advise partners and donors on how best to support low-resource veterinary laboratories to improve sustainability and fulfill their mandate toward pandemic prevention and preparedness, as well as encourage equipment manufacturers to spur innovation and develop more sustainable products that meet end-users' needs.
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Che M, Wu H, Li Y. Do Fluctuations in Environmental Regulations Inhibit Investment: Evidence from China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2021. [PMID: 36767387 PMCID: PMC9915189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between the goals of promoting economic growth and protecting the ecological environment makes it possible for the government to constantly adjust the intensity of environmental regulation, leading to sharp fluctuations in environmental regulation in the short term. Fluctuations in environmental regulations may trigger concerns among firms and change their investment decisions. The theoretical model of corporate investment decision is used to analyze the inhibitory effect of environmental regulation fluctuations on investment through expected profits, which is empirically validated in this study by data from 255 Chinese prefecture-level cities. The results indicate that environmental regulation fluctuations reduce investors' expected profits, which in turn inhibit investment. The heterogeneity analysis shows that environmental regulation fluctuations have no significant effect on investment in cities that are geographically closer to the provincial capital, while a greater inhibitory effect of it is revealed in other cities located further away. Therefore, this inhibitory effect should be weakened by reducing the intervention of administrative orders in environmental regulatory behavior, establishing environmental regulatory supervisory agencies, and taking into full consideration the public's response to fluctuations in environmental regulation. This study can provide policy implications for optimizing government environmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Che
- School of Economics, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Economics, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Du Y, Li Y. Entertainment apps, limited attention and investment performance. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1118797. [PMID: 37138993 PMCID: PMC10150878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the "information age," investors are now faced with the challenges of the "mobile age," which has had a profound impact on the daily lives of people worldwide. Investors must process more information while experiencing increasing mobile phone-related distractions, particularly those generated by the fast-growing entertainment-type app industry. Attention is a limited cognitive resource that is vital for deliberate and thoughtful analysis. We analyzed data from an online peer-to-peer lending market to evaluate the impact of mobile distractions on investment performance. Our findings revealed that investors with a large number of mobile phone entertainment apps were more likely to exhibit higher default rates and lower investment returns. The results are robust, even when using exogenous internet service outage of the entertainment server and instrumental variables. We observed that the negative impact of distraction was more pronounced on Fridays and in regions with high-speed Internet access. A further examination of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon revealed that investment decisions made while being distracted by mobile apps were influenced by information neglect and familiarity biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhang
- School of Economics, Department of Finance, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingxin Zhang
| | - Yijing Du
- School of Economics, Department of Finance, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Business, Department of Finance, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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21
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Yığman F, Bora Nazlı Ş, Yılmaz O. A NEW DANGER OF BEHAVIORAL ADDICTION: CRYPTOCURRENCY WITH MOBILE INVESTING. Psychiatr Danub 2023; 35:386-394. [PMID: 37917843 DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2023.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptocurrencies are a popular investment tool today. However, some studies highlight the investing behavior of cryptocurrencies similar to pathological gambling. Investing behavior becomes risky when it is not based on proper and adequate analysis and carries the possibility of big losses as well as big gains. For this reason, we aimed to determine the potential risky investor profile by age, gender, personality traits and impulsivity levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Six hundred and fifty-four cryptocurrencies investors (529 was male, 125 was female, their mean age was 35.6 ± 9.0) participated in this study between June 2022 - August 2022. Participants were administered the Sociodemographic Data Form, the South OAKS Gambling Screen Test - revised (SOGS-r), the Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). RESULTS We found higher neuroticism and impulsivity in possible problematic crypto investors. In addition, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness scores were lower. Additionally, in our regression analyzes we found that younger age and male gender predicted SOGS-r scores. After controlling for age and gender, extraversion negatively and motor impulsivity positively predicted SOGS-r scores. DISCUSSION Investing in cryptocurrencies can become a behavioral addiction, similar to pathological gambling. It is important to identify profiles in which investment behavior is risky. CONCLUSION Personality traits and impulsivity may have a significant impact on identifying risky crypto investors and in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yığman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerif Bora Nazlı
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onat Yılmaz
- Clinic of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Taksim Education and Research Hospital
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22
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Kigenyi J, Bowen SK, Constable S, Mundoma C. Strategies for Shared Research Resources for Enhancing Research Sustainability: Communicating Between Stakeholders and Managing Expectations to Maximize Value and Impact. J Biomol Tech 2022; 33:3fc1f5fe.626bb581. [PMID: 37033092 PMCID: PMC10078838 DOI: 10.7171/3fc1f5fe.626bb581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Shared research resources occupy a unique role in the scientific research landscape. Sometimes called core facilities, shared research resources provide instrumentation, services, and expertise to a wide range of researchers. With dedicated staff maintaining instruments, training users, and supporting collaborations, these resources are well situated to churn out reproducible high-quality data, lead research innovation, create efficiencies, and stimulate economic development all while driving down capital costs for institutions. That being said, in the high-paced disciplines of science with limited resources and competing priorities, these resources are often obligated to demonstrate their worth, especially beyond traditional service delivery models. How can shared research resources quantify and communicate their value and impact to stakeholders for optimal support and sustainability? For best approaches towards value proposition, it is important to understand the various stakeholders in the shared research resource ecosystem, including their needs, expectations, and value systems. This will in turn inform models of support and best approaches for planning, positioning, managing, evaluating, and improving shared research resource output to return the most value to all stakeholders involved. It is imperative that communication is tailored for each unique group of stakeholders, and terminology and expectations are managed accordingly. This work attempts to curate and share approaches and best practices toward this effort, gathered through available literature and focused engagement with various shared research resource stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kigenyi
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical Center3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1052Kansas CityKansas66160USA
| | - Sara K. Bowen
- Barrow Neurological InstituteSaint Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center350 W Thomas RoadPhoenixArizona85013USA
| | - Susan Constable
- Moffitt Cancer Center12902 Magnolia DriveTampaFlorida33612USA
| | - Claudius Mundoma
- University of Colorado - BoulderResearch and Innovation Office99 UCB, Regent Admin Suite 366BoulderColorado80309USA
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23
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Bowen SK, Kigyeni J, Constable S, Mundoma C. A Shift in Our Thinking: Reframing Shared Research Resources as Investments in Education and Innovation, Not Subsidized Science. J Biomol Tech 2022; 33:3fc1f5fe.f1e46498. [PMID: 37033094 PMCID: PMC10078832 DOI: 10.7171/3fc1f5fe.f1e46498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
For many researchers, Shared Research Resources are often the most cost-effective means of using state-of-the-art (not to mention expensive) instrumentation. Along with access to the instruments themselves, Shared Research Resources also offer individualized training by highly qualified Shared Research Resource staff-again at deeply discounted costs compared to the operational costs of the facilities. Traditionally, this gap in revenue has been termed a subsidy. But, as with many words, connotation matters, and we posit that this language ought to be changed to reframe our thinking and impart the true impact of Shared Research Resources. We argue here that rather than a subsidy, the revenue gap is better described as an investment. Furthermore, investments of Shared Research Resources lead to positive externalities, including education and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Bowen
- Barrow Neurological InstituteSaint Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center350 W Thomas RoadPhoenixArizona85013USA
| | - Justine Kigyeni
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical Center3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1052Kansas CityKansas66160USA
| | - Susan Constable
- Moffitt Cancer Center12902 Magnolia DriveTampaFlorida33612USA
| | - Claudius Mundoma
- University of Colorado - BoulderResearch and Innovation Office99 UCB, Regent Admin Suite 366BoulderColorado80309USA
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24
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Chen ZM, Chen P, Lenzen M, Xiao B, Malik A. Global Embodied Energy Flow and Stock Analysis with Endogeneous Fixed Capital. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:17197-17205. [PMID: 36342784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fixed capital stock functions as an embodied energy storage system that connects economic activities which do not happen simultaneously. This paper constructs a dynamic energy input-output model to analyze embodied energy flows and stocks along both temporal and spatial dimensions from 2000 to 2014. The results show that 2043 exajoule of embodied energy was stored in the global fixed capital stock in 2014, which was about three times the world's direct energy use. Compared with those in developed countries, the gaps between the dynamic energy footprints and the traditional ones were larger in fast-developing countries. Net embodied energy usually flowed from high-intensity economies to lower-intensity economies, and around 10% of the energy embodied in trade came from depreciation. The dynamic embodied energy indicators provide information for improving energy efficiency and mitigating corresponding problems from the perspective of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ming Chen
- School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Peilin Chen
- School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Manfred Lenzen
- ISA, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Baigao Xiao
- School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, China
| | - Arunima Malik
- ISA, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
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25
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Okuyama R. Nurturing Deep Tech to Solve Social Problems: Learning from COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Development. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121469. [PMID: 36558803 PMCID: PMC9781701 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, a new technology that had never been used for approved drugs was applied and succeeded in rapid clinical use. The development and application of new technologies are critical to solving emerging public health problems therefore it is important to understand which factors enabled the rapid development of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. This review discusses administrative and technological aspects of rapid vaccine development. In the technological aspects, I carefully examined the technology and clinical development histories of BioNTech and Moderna by searching their publication, patent application and clinical trials. Compared to the case of Japanese company that has not succeeded in the rapid development of mRNA vaccine, years of in-depth technology research and clinical development experience with other diseases and viruses were found to have enhanced BioNTech and Moderna's technological readiness and contributed to rapid vaccine development against COVID-19 in addition to government administrative support. An aspect of the investments that supported the long-term research and development of mRNA vaccines is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okuyama
- College of International Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu 874-8577, Japan
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26
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Pfund GN, Hill PL. Correlated Change in Sense of Purpose and Romantic Relationship Quality. Pers Relatsh 2022; 29:875-893. [PMID: 36588976 PMCID: PMC9799130 DOI: 10.1111/pere.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sense of purpose, or feeling that that one has personally meaningful goals and directions guiding them through life, consistently predicts a variety of desirable well-being, health, and social outcomes. However, work has been limited with respect to evaluating it as a predictor and promoter of romantic relationships, or how purpose may develop in these contexts. For instance, healthy romantic relationships could also help individuals develop and maintain a higher sense of purpose. With cross-sectional evidence finding positive associations between sense of purpose and romantic relationship commitment and satisfaction, the current study expanded on past work by using longitudinal data with three months between two measurement occasions (Time 1: N = 2243; Time 2: N = 1284) to evaluate whether sense of purpose predicted relationship status over time and how changes in relationship quality and sense of purpose were associated. Results showed that greater sense of purpose predicted maintaining a romantic relationship, but did not predict later romantic relationship quality, while higher romantic relationship quality predicted an increase in sense of purpose. Findings are discussed regarding why people with a higher sense of purpose may be more likely to stay in relationships as well as the role that positive romantic relationships may play in helping maintain a higher sense of purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick L. Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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27
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Faruki AA, Zane RD, Wiler JL. The Role of Academic Health Systems in Leading the "Third Wave" of Digital Health Innovation. JMIR Med Educ 2022; 8:e32679. [PMID: 36350700 PMCID: PMC9685508 DOI: 10.2196/32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investors, entrepreneurs, health care pundits, and venture capital firms all agree that the health care sector is awaiting a digital revolution. Steven Case, in 2016, predicted a "third wave" of innovation that would leverage big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to transform medicine and finally achieve reduced costs, improved efficiency, and better patient outcomes. Academic medical centers (AMCs) have the infrastructure and resources needed by digital health intrapreneurs and entrepreneurs to innovate, iterate, and optimize technology solutions for the major pain points of modern medicine. With large unique patient data sets, strong research programs, and subject matter experts, AMCs have the ability to assess, optimize, and integrate new digital health tools with feedback at the point of care and research-based clinical validation. As AMCs begin to explore digital health solutions, they must decide between forming internal teams to develop these innovations or collaborating with external companies. Although each has its drawbacks and benefits, AMCs can both benefit from and drive forward the digital health innovations that will result from this journey. This viewpoint will provide an explanation as to why AMCs are ideal incubators for digital health solutions and describe what these organizations will need to be successful in leading this "third wave" of innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel A Faruki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Hospital School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard D Zane
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer L Wiler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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28
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Bahar D, Parsons C, Vézina PL. Refugees, trade, and FDI. Oxf Rev Econ Policy 2022; 38:487-513. [PMID: 37448725 PMCID: PMC10338041 DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanitarian policies aimed at welcoming forced migrants may yield unexpected economic dividends. This article focuses on the trade and investment links forged by refugees between their countries of resettlement and the origins they fled. We document how such immigrant-links differ in the case of refugees, focusing on why their opportunity sets might differ and the difficulties in establishing economic connections against a backdrop of civil conflict and political unrest. We conclude by discussing a range of policies aimed at engaging refugee diasporas to foster development at refugees' origins.
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29
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Xu Q, Sun W. Does financial inclusion promote investment and affect residents' happiness?-Evidence from China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:988312. [PMID: 36072025 PMCID: PMC9444132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.988312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of inclusive finance, the popularity of financial services is increasing, and the level of financial literacy of residents has gained. Using data from the years 2013, 2015, and 2017 China General Social Surveys (CGSS) and the China Digital Inclusive Finance Development Index to analyze residents' investment behavior in China, this study finds that inclusive finance significantly increased residents' investment participation and decrease their sense of happiness at the same time. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of China's financial inclusion policy and provides ideas for its further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Xu
- Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wu Sun
- Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Finance, International Business College, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, China
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30
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Zhang J, Tao S. Vocal Characteristics Influence Women's Perceptions of Infidelity and Relationship Investment in China. Evol Psychol 2022; 20:14747049221108883. [PMID: 35898188 PMCID: PMC10303567 DOI: 10.1177/14747049221108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal characteristics are important cues to form social impressions. Previous studies indicated that men with masculine voices are perceived as engaging in higher rates of infidelity and being less committed to their relationship. In the current study, we examined how women in China perceive information regarding infidelity and relationship investment conveyed by the voices (voice pitch and vocal tract length) of males, and whether different vocal characteristics play a similar role in driving these impressions. In addition, we examined whether these perceptions are consistent in Chinese and English language contexts. The results indicated that women perceived men with more masculine voices (lower voice pitch and longer vocal tract length) as showing a lower likelihood of infidelity and higher relationship investment; further, women who preferred more masculine voices in long-term relationships, but not in short-term relationships, were more likely to perceive men with masculine voices as less likely to engage in infidelity and more likely to invest in their relationship. Moreover, the participants formed very similar impressions irrespective of whether the voices spoke native (Chinese) or foreign (English) languages. These results provide new evidence for the role of the voice in women's choices in selecting long-term partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Tao
- School of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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31
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Pishghadam R, Golzar J, Miri MA. A New Conceptual Framework for Teacher Identity Development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:876395. [PMID: 35615191 PMCID: PMC9126123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teacher identity has evolved from a core, inner, fixed, linear construct to a dynamic, multifaceted, context-dependent, dialogical, and intrinsically related phenomenon. Since little research has provided an inclusive framework to study teacher identity construction, this article proposes a novel conceptual framework that includes the following components: mirrors of power, discourse, the imagination of reality, investment, emotioncy, and capital. The above core constituents have been discussed thoroughly to trigger significant insights about teacher identity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pishghadam
- Department of English, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jawad Golzar
- Department of English, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Mir Abdullah Miri
- Department of English, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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32
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Jones I. Delivering universal eye health coverage: a call for more and better eye health funding. Int Health 2022; 14:i6-i8. [PMID: 35385866 PMCID: PMC8986358 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Additional resources are urgently needed to tackle the increasing burden of vision impairment, to support the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals, and to live up to the promise to leave no one behind. This commentary reflects on eye health funding in developing economies and calls for a step change in delivering more and better financing and the integration of eye health into universal health coverage. The transformation in funding will need to be done carefully, creatively and collaboratively to ensure that funding results in faster and more sustainable delivery of high quality, affordable eye healthcare for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Jones
- Corresponding author: Tel: +44(0)1444446783; E-mail:
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Keller R, Hartmann S, Teepe GW, Lohse KM, Alattas A, Tudor Car L, Müller-Riemenschneider F, von Wangenheim F, Mair JL, Kowatsch T. Digital Behavior Change Interventions for the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Market Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e33348. [PMID: 34994693 PMCID: PMC8783286 DOI: 10.2196/33348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancements in technology offer new opportunities for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Venture capital companies have been investing in digital diabetes companies that offer digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs). However, little is known about the scientific evidence underpinning such interventions or the degree to which these interventions leverage novel technology-driven automated developments such as conversational agents (CAs) or just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) approaches. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to identify the top-funded companies offering DBCIs for type 2 diabetes management and prevention, review the level of scientific evidence underpinning the DBCIs, identify which DBCIs are recognized as evidence-based programs by quality assurance authorities, and examine the degree to which these DBCIs include novel automated approaches such as CAs and JITAI mechanisms. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using 2 venture capital databases (Crunchbase Pro and Pitchbook) to identify the top-funded companies offering interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention and management. Scientific publications relating to the identified DBCIs were identified via PubMed, Google Scholar, and the DBCIs' websites, and data regarding intervention effectiveness were extracted. The Diabetes Prevention Recognition Program (DPRP) of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States was used to identify the recognition status. The DBCIs' publications, websites, and mobile apps were reviewed with regard to the intervention characteristics. RESULTS The 16 top-funded companies offering DBCIs for type 2 diabetes received a total funding of US $2.4 billion as of June 15, 2021. Only 4 out of the 50 identified publications associated with these DBCIs were fully powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Further, 1 of those 4 RCTs showed a significant difference in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) outcomes between the intervention and control groups. However, all the studies reported HbA1c improvements ranging from 0.2% to 1.9% over the course of 12 months. In addition, 6 interventions were fully recognized by the DPRP to deliver evidence-based programs, and 2 interventions had a pending recognition status. Health professionals were included in the majority of DBCIs (13/16, 81%,), whereas only 10% (1/10) of accessible apps involved a CA as part of the intervention delivery. Self-reports represented most of the data sources (74/119, 62%) that could be used to tailor JITAIs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the level of funding received by companies offering DBCIs for type 2 diabetes prevention and management does not coincide with the level of evidence on the intervention effectiveness. There is considerable variation in the level of evidence underpinning the different DBCIs and an overall need for more rigorous effectiveness trials and transparent reporting by quality assurance authorities. Currently, very few DBCIs use automated approaches such as CAs and JITAIs, limiting the scalability and reach of these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Keller
- Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sven Hartmann
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Institute of Technology Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Wilhelm Teepe
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim-Morgaine Lohse
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aishah Alattas
- Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorainne Tudor Car
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florian von Wangenheim
- Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Louise Mair
- Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Institute of Technology Management, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hinvest NS, Alsharman M, Roell M, Fairchild R. Do Emotions Benefit Investment Decisions? Anticipatory Emotion and Investment Decisions in Non-professional Investors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:705476. [PMID: 34955944 PMCID: PMC8696076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing financial trading performance is big business. A lingering question within academia and industry concerns whether emotions improve or degrade trading performance. In this study, 30 participants distributed hypothetical wealth between a share (a risk) and the bank (paying a small, sure, gain) within four trading games. Skin Conductance Response was measured while playing the games to measure anticipatory emotion, a covert emotion signal that impacts decision-making. Anticipatory emotion was significantly associated with trading performance but the direction of the correlation was dependent upon the share’s movement. Thus, anticipatory emotion is neither wholly “good” nor “bad” for trading; instead, the relationship is context-dependent. This is one of the first studies exploring the association between anticipatory emotion and trading behaviour using trading games within an experimentally rigorous environment. Our findings elucidate the relationship between anticipatory emotion and financial decision-making and have applications for improving trading performance in novice and expert traders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal S Hinvest
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Margot Roell
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Boggess LN, Chamberlain AW. Investing in Neighborhoods: The Mitigating Role of Home Mortgage Loans on Intimate Partner Violence. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP12783-NP12806. [PMID: 32020834 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prior research examining how macro-level factors contribute to aggregate rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) across neighborhoods has focused almost exclusively on economic disadvantage or residential instability. Fewer studies have assessed what structural factors might ameliorate rates of domestic violence, such as economic investment. Housing investment improves communities by increasing the number of homeowners, who tend to be more committed to the neighborhood and more likely to develop strong social ties with other residents. The benefits of strong socially connected communities should extend to IPV victims, as studies have shown that female IPV victims tend to be less connected with their social environment and live in less supportive communities. This study examines the influence of external economic investment through home mortgage loans on the number of IPV incidents in a neighborhood and whether an influx of investment mitigates the negative effects of structural conditions on IPV. We examine these issues using panel data on home loan investment among neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio, between 1995 and 2010 to predict female and male domestic assault victimization rates. We find that the number of home purchase loans in a neighborhood has no appreciable impact on the level of IPV incidents, but as the average dollar amount of investment increases, the number of IPV incidents significantly decreases. This relationship is moderated by the neighborhood level of disadvantage: in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods, even low average dollar amounts contribute to a reduction in the number of female victims of domestic assault, but the same relationship is not apparent for male victims or in low disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our findings suggest that investment is important for disrupting the relationship between neighborhood structure and IPV, and implementing place-based strategies to encourage homeownership, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods, will be especially impactful.
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Bachmann M, Taha-Mehlitz S, Ochs V, Frey DM, Enodien B, Eriksson U, Taha A. The Increasing Investment of Real Estate in the Health System-A Comparison between the USA and Europe. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1633. [PMID: 34946358 PMCID: PMC8701979 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare property development and increasing investment in real estate by the healthcare system organizations in the USA and Europe. Real estate investments have upsurged in healthcare due to the multiple benefits to patients and medical practitioners. METHODS The approach of acquiring data was through secondary sources and online questionnaires. The researchers applied inclusion and exclusion criteria by exclusively including the articles published after 2014 to ensure the validity and reliability of the information. RESULTS A total of 53.33% of the articles reviewed focused on the United States, while 46.67% concentrated on Europe. The development of real estate in healthcare is essential in both regions due to the challenges faced with the current infrastructure. Study Limitation: Currently, there are very few studies concentrating on the research topic. CONCLUSIONS The USA and Europe should focus on increasing real estate investments in healthcare by focusing on hospitals and trusts, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bachmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.B.); (U.E.)
- GZO Regional Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, 8620 Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Taha-Mehlitz
- Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Vincent Ochs
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Department of Pharma Research & Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel. M. Frey
- Department of Surgery, Wetzikon Hospital, 8620 Wetzikon, Switzerland; (D.M.F.); (B.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bassey Enodien
- Department of Surgery, Wetzikon Hospital, 8620 Wetzikon, Switzerland; (D.M.F.); (B.E.)
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.B.); (U.E.)
- GZO Regional Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, 8620 Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Anas Taha
- Department of Surgery, Wetzikon Hospital, 8620 Wetzikon, Switzerland; (D.M.F.); (B.E.)
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Faculty of medicine, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Lombardi E, Valle A, Rinaldi T, Massaro D, Marchetti A. Learning to Wait and Be Altruistic: Testing A Conversational Training in Economic Education for Primary School Children. Eur J Psychol 2021; 17:306-318. [PMID: 35136449 PMCID: PMC8768466 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Individual economic competence is important but increasingly challenging to manage due to the growing complexity of the nature of economic decisions people must make and the substantial impacts of some of these decisions on their lives. Decision-making ability develops from childhood and is closely related to specific economic components and prosocial behaviour such as fairness, altruism, and delay of gratification. However, while there are financial-education programs for children and young people focusing on financial products, few studies have examined training for the psychological abilities underlying economic decision-making. To promote those psychological skills that contribute to a more socially effective decision-making, we designed and tested a conversational-based training program for primary school children using reflective thinking. A total of 110 (male = 47, female = 63) children aged 8 to 10 years (Mean age = 9.71 years) from two schools in Northern Italy participated in the study with 55 children in a training group and 55 in a control group. All participated in pre-tests measuring their socio-economic background and economics-related skills and abilities. The training group were told stories relaying values of fairness, altruism, and delayed gratification. Both groups participated in task-based post-tests relating to fairness, altruism, and delayed gratification. Results revealed that children in the training group showed significant improvement at the post-test in altruistic and investment behaviour, showing the training efficacy, suggesting that similar programs could be implemented in primary schools as foundational teaching of economics and fiscal responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lombardi
- Theory of Mind Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Valle
- Theory of Mind Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Rinaldi
- Theory of Mind Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Theory of Mind Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Theory of Mind Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The regulation of plant breeding is gaining increasing scrutiny, particularly as it pertains to the regulation of gene editing and other new breeding technologies. Genome editing is used worldwide in both public and private plant breeding laboratories and there is considerable uncertainty about the ability of regulatory agencies to match the rapid scientific pace being set. This research focuses on Canada, where advances in plant breeding technology are constrained by the boundaries of the regulatory system established in the early 1990's. This research presents the results of a survey of 93 public and private plant breeders and their views on the existing Canadian regulatory framework regarding conventional breeding and genome editing techniques for plants with novel traits (PNTs). The results contribute to the ongoing debate regarding how, or whether, to regulate products of genome-edited plant breeding, beyond the existing agronomic and safety requirements. Plant breeders identify the level of Canadian crop research competitiveness and quantify the impacts of novelty within Canada's regulatory system for PNTs. One significant finding is that PNT regulations in Canada have created an innovation barrier in terms of applying genome editing technologies to the development of new varieties, particularly in public sector research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Smyth
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Savannah Gleim
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Simona Lubieniechi
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Malik AA, Crookes DM, Sundaram M. Being an early career public health professional during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 4:100087. [PMID: 34642688 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saqib MAN, Rafique I. Health research funding and its output in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2021; 27:906-910. [PMID: 34569046 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.21.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Health research is very important for formulating evidence-based policies. Aims To assess the health research funding and its output in the last 5 fiscal years (2013/14 to 2018) in Pakistan. Methods Information about health research funding was retrieved from 3 major local agencies, the Higher Education Commission, the Pakistan Science Foundation and the Pakistan Health Research Council. Details of funding from international donors were retrieved and the number of publications was estimated from Pubmed and Pakmedinet. Results A total of 1261.6 million Pakistan rupees (Rs) (US$ 8.4 million) was spent on health research in the last 5 fiscal years, the majority from local donors (P < 0.02). Overall funding increased from Rs 104.7 million in 2013-2014 to Rs 349.8 million 2017-2018. In publications data, 24 796 original articles were published, including 16 137 Medline and 8659 non-Medline indexed. Overall there was a gradual increase in the number of publications per year, statistically significant for Medline indexed journals. Research funding had a strong correlation (Cronbach α=0.88) with publications. Conclusion Health research funding directly affects health research output. The funding on health research should be considered an investment rather than expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Associate Professor, National Skills University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Rafique
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
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McClelland SC, Cassey P, Maurer G, Hauber ME, Portugal SJ. How much calcium to shell out? Eggshell calcium carbonate content is greater in birds with thinner shells, larger clutches and longer lifespans. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210502. [PMID: 34583563 PMCID: PMC8479367 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian eggshell is a bio-ceramic structure that protects the embryo. It is composed almost entirely of calcium carbonate and a small amount of organic material. An optimal amount of calcium carbonate in the eggshell is essential for the embryo's development, yet how the ratio of calcium carbonate to organic matter varies between species has not been investigated. Calcium is a limiting resource for most birds, so its investment in their eggs should be optimized for a bird's life history. We measured the relative calcium carbonate content of eggshells in 222 bird species and tested hypotheses for how this trait has evolved with the life-history strategies of these species and other traits of their respective egg physiologies. We found that (i) eggshell calcium carbonate content was positively correlated with species having thinner eggshells and smaller than expected eggs relative to incubating parental mass, (ii) species with small mean clutch sizes had lower calcium carbonate content in their eggshells, and (iii) for species with larger clutch sizes, eggshell calcium carbonate content was negatively correlated with their mean lifespan. The pattern of lower eggshell calcium carbonate in longer lived, larger clutched birds suggests that calcium provision to the eggshell has long-term costs for the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. McClelland
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Invasion Science & Wildlife Ecology Lab, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Golo Maurer
- BirdLife Australia, 2/5, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Mark E. Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven J. Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
- The Natural History Museum, Tring HP23 6AP, UK
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Nadarajah VD, Lim VKE, Baba AA. Investing in scholarship for health professions education: Learning from the past to move into the future. Med Teach 2021; 43:S1-S4. [PMID: 34190005 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1942443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There have been recent discourses of what scholarship means for health professions education (HPE) and how it may need a rethink during the pandemic. One key take home message from these discourses is the role of institutions in nurturing and investing in scholarship. Given the current challenges faced by both higher education and healthcare, there is a risk that activities and resources for scholarship in HPE may be neglected. How do institutions make a case for continuous investment in HPE scholarship? Despite being a relatively new and small private university with no public funding, IMU has made fairly significant progress in delivering a unique model of HPE programmes with HPE scholarly output. This commentary discusses the importance of investing in scholarship for HPE with the International Medical University (IMU) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia as a case study. Examples of institutional initiatives that support and enhance scholarship are presented based on the recent AMEE guide (142) on redefining scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Nadarajah
- IMU Centre for Education and School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V K E Lim
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Baba
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kobyatskaya EE, Zhilina TN. [The prospective directions of development of entrepreneurship in health care of the Russian Federation]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2021; 29:856-860. [PMID: 34486848 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2021-29-4-856-860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of international data established that the national indicator of population health quality in the Russian Federation is significantly lower than in the EU, the USA and Canada. In this regard, the urgency of enhancement of state policy concerning updating and promoting development of national health care system,involving available resources of the public and private health sectors is obvious. The development of entrepreneurship in health care should be considered as a mean of improving social and economic efficiency of health care system in Russia. The purpose of study was to analyze perspective directions of development of entrepreneurial initiatives in national health care. On the basis of analysis of corresponding normative legal acts and publications, it is demonstrated that in national health care system prerequisites are establishing to implement new opportunities for patient-oriented entrepreneurial activities associated with development of digital technologies, e-Health, new forms of public-private partnership focused primarily on prevention and rehabilitation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Kobyatskaya
- The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University" (Sechenov University) of Minzdrav of Russia, 119991, Moscow, Russia,
| | - T N Zhilina
- The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "The I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University" (Sechenov University) of Minzdrav of Russia, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Huang XX, Toure H, Biswas G. Resource tracking for neglected tropical disease programmes: the first step for developing a sustainable financing strategy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:179-181. [PMID: 33427289 PMCID: PMC7842089 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adequacy of resources for programme implementation is a premise for achieving the targets set in the road map for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) 2021–2030. During the decade 2010–2020, international health aid and pharmaceutical donations have driven progress to control and eliminate NTDs. In the next decade, domestic financing will be critical to sustain NTD control and elimination programmes. Tracking domestic resources for NTD programmes through country health accounts, a relatively mature health system resource tracking platform, could be the first step in raising the visibility of NTDs in the discussion of national health resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xian Huang
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hapsatou Toure
- Department of Health Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautam Biswas
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Acharya KP, Pathak S. Corrigendum: Applied Research in Low-Income Countries: Why and How? Front Res Metr Anal 2021; 6:667663. [PMID: 34151133 PMCID: PMC8207506 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2021.667663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Santosh Pathak
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE To explore engagement principles and contextual conditions in high-engagement therapy sessions involving youth with disabilities and service providers. METHOD From a larger project on therapy engagement, a dyadic case analysis was conducted involving three youth ages 8-15 with disabilities and their service providers. Participants were interviewed about their engagement experiences after high-engagement sessions focusing on speech articulation, transition goals, and physical mobility. Data were analyzed thematically, with an emphasis on engagement principles illustrated by the cases. RESULTS There were four service provider engagement principles: (a) clients differ in what engages them and in how they display engagement (Individual Variation Principle), (b) there are multiple ways to engage clients (Personalizing Principle), (c) engagement is cultivated through relationship (Relationship Principle), and (d) it is important to monitor and be attuned to the client's level of engagement over a session (Monitoring Principle). Service providers' use of engagement strategies varied due to contextual conditions, including therapy type and youths' interests and preferences. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate the value of providers' awareness of the dynamics of engagement, their use of personalized strategies to engage clients, and the fundamental importance of cultivating a good relationship and monitoring client engagement during therapy.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONService providers may benefit from being aware of common principles underlying the co-construction of engagement between service providers and clients.Service providers can use a variety of personalized strategies to heighten client engagement, and can work to cultivate a positive relationship.It is important to monitor clients' non-verbal and verbal signs of engagement and respond to signs of disengagement during therapy.Contextual conditions affecting service providers' use of engagement strategies include the nature of the therapy being provided and youths' interests and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian King
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa A Chiarello
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Phoenix
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Science and CanChild, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rachel D'Arrigo
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Madhu Pinto
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to gain support from the business community for rebuilding a more effective and resilient public health infrastructure in the U.S. This commentary provides the rationale for more engaged business involvement in efforts to promote public health during the time of COVID-19. Drawing on the current pandemic, the commentary highlights the implications of a fragmented public health system for businesses and the nation at large, the shortcomings of which are apparent as never before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Myburgh
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Ron Z Goetzel
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Enid Chung Roemer
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Karen B Kent
- Institute for Health and Productivity Studies, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
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48
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Portyakov VY. Foreign Economic Relations of the People's Republic of China. Her Russ Acad Sci 2021; 90:670-679. [PMID: 33495681 PMCID: PMC7818060 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331620060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the growth of foreign trade turnover of the People's Republic of China over seven decades is shown, and the main features of the modern trade and geographical structure of exports and imports are identified. The author focuses on China's trade in services, Beijing's attraction of foreign investment, and the export of Chinese capital. The features of the leading territorial forms of the country's foreign economic openness-special economic zones and experimental free trade zones-are considered. The place of Russia in the foreign trade of China at the present stage is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Ya. Portyakov
- Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Abstract
Global investment in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is falling short of the target to close the $2.5 trillion annual financing gap for developing countries. The COVID-19 shock has exacerbated existing constraints for the SDGs and may undo the progress made in he last 6 years in SDG investment. This poses a risk to delivering on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This paper assesses the global trends in both investing in and financing the SDGs, including the myriad of financing instruments launched to respond to the COVID-19 health crisis and its economic and social impacts. It analyses the main challenges for mobilizing funds, channeling investment into SDG sectors, and maximizing positive impact, as well as regulatory dilemmas in promoting SDG investment. The article then elaborates on a set of policy measures for accelerating investment in the SDGs, including four principles for guiding private sector investment, mainstreaming the SDGs into national and international investment policies and promotion strategies, harnessing financial instruments for sustainable development, building special SDGs model zones, and promoting better ESG standards, compliance, and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- James X. Zhan
- UNCTAD, Palais des Nations E10058, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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Abstract
eHealth is an opportunity cost, competing for limited available funds with other
health priorities such as clinics, vaccinations, medicines and even salaries. As
such, it should be appraised for probable impact prior to allocation of funds.
This is especially pertinent as recognition grows for the role of eHealth in
attaining Universal Health Coverage. Despite optimism about eHealth’s potential
role, in Africa there remain insufficient data and skills for adequate economic
appraisals to select optimal investments from numerous competing initiatives.
The aim of this review is to identify eHealth investment appraisal approaches
and tools that have been used in African countries, describe their
characteristics and make recommendations regarding African eHealth investment
appraisal in the face of limited data and expertise. Methods: Literature on
eHealth investment appraisals conducted in African countries and published
between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020 was reviewed. Selected papers’
investment appraisal characteristics were assessed using the Joanna Briggs
Institute checklist for economic evaluations and a newly developed Five-Case
Model for Digital Health (FCM-DH) checklist for investment appraisal. 5 papers
met inclusion criteria. Their assessments revealed important appraisal gaps. In
particular, none of the papers addressed risk exposure, affordability,
adjustment for optimism bias, clear delivery milestones, practical plans for
implementation, change management or procurement, and only 1 paper described
plans for building partnerships. Discussion: Using this insight, an extended
5-Case Model is proposed as the foundation of an African eHealth investment
appraisal framework. This, combined with building local eHealth appraisal
capabilities, may promote optimal eHealth investment decisions, strengthen
implementations and improve the number and quality of related publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Broomhead
- Department of TeleHealth, College of Health Sciences, 72753University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,72753Health Information Systems Program South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.,72753African Centre for EHealth Excellence, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maurice Mars
- Department of TeleHealth, College of Health Sciences, 72753University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,College of Nursing and Health Sciences, 72753Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Richard E Scott
- Department of TeleHealth, College of Health Sciences, 72753University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, 72753University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tom Jones
- 72753African Centre for EHealth Excellence, Cape Town, South Africa
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