1
|
Wang L, Wang B, Cen W, Xu R, Huang Y, Zhang X, Han Y, Zhang Y. Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:226-244. [PMID: 38105050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for renewable energy has resulted in a rapid expansion of offshore wind farms (OWFs) and increased attention to the ecological impacts of OWFs on the marine ecosystem. Previous reviews mainly focused on the OWFs' impacts on individual species like birds, bats, or mammals. This review collected numerous field-measured data and simulated results to summarize the ecological impacts on phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, fishes, and mammals from each trophic level and also analyze their interactions in the marine food chain. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are positively or adversely affected by the 'wave effect', 'shading effect', oxygen depletion and predation pressure, leading to a ± 10% fluctuation of primary production. Although zoobenthos are threatened transiently by habitat destruction with a reduction of around 60% in biomass in the construction stage, their abundance exhibited an over 90% increase, dominated by sessile species, due to the 'reef effect' in the operation stage. Marine fishes and mammals are to endure the interferences of noise and electromagnetic, but they are also aggregated around OWFs by the 'reef effect' and 'reserve effect'. Furthermore, the complexity of marine ecosystem would increase with a promotion of the total system biomass by 40% through trophic cascade effects strengthen and resource partitioning alternation triggered by the proliferation of filter-feeders. The suitable site selection, long-term monitoring, and life-cycle-assessment of ecological impacts of OWFs that are lacking in current literature have been described in this review, as well as the carbon emission and deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bangguo Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenxi Cen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; National Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yinghui Han
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad H, Liaqat R, Alhussein M, Muqeet HA, Aurangzeb K, Ashraf HM. Markov chain-based impact analysis of the pandemic Covid-19 outbreak on global primary energy consumption mix. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9449. [PMID: 38658780 PMCID: PMC11043445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The historic evolution of global primary energy consumption (GPEC) mix, comprising of fossil (liquid petroleum, gaseous and coal fuels) and non-fossil (nuclear, hydro and other renewables) energy sources while highlighting the impact of the novel corona virus 2019 pandemic outbreak, has been examined through this study. GPEC data of 2005-2021 has been taken from the annually published reports by British Petroleum. The equilibrium state, a property of the classical predictive modeling based on Markov chain, is employed as an investigative tool. The pandemic outbreak has proved to be a blessing in disguise for global energy sector through, at least temporarily, reducing the burden on environment in terms of reducing demand for fossil energy sources. Some significant long term impacts of the pandemic occurred in second and third years (2021 and 2022) after its outbreak in 2019 rather than in first year (2020) like the penetration of other energy sources along with hydro and renewable ones in GPEC. Novelty of this research lies within the application of the equilibrium state feature of compositional Markov chain based prediction upon GPEC mix. The analysis into the past trends suggests the advancement towards a better global energy future comprising of cleaner fossil resources (mainly natural gas), along with nuclear, hydro and renewable ones in the long run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussaan Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, 51310, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Liaqat
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Musaed Alhussein
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh, 11543, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Abdul Muqeet
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Khursheed Aurangzeb
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh, 11543, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Igwebuike CM, Awad S, Andrès Y. Renewable Energy Potential: Second-Generation Biomass as Feedstock for Bioethanol Production. Molecules 2024; 29:1619. [PMID: 38611898 PMCID: PMC11013350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofuels are clean and renewable energy resources gaining increased attention as a potential replacement for non-renewable petroleum-based fuels. They are derived from biomass that could either be animal-based or belong to any of the three generations of plant biomass (agricultural crops, lignocellulosic materials, or algae). Over 130 studies including experimental research, case studies, literature reviews, and website publications related to bioethanol production were evaluated; different methods and techniques have been tested by scientists and researchers in this field, and the most optimal conditions have been adopted for the generation of biofuels from biomass. This has ultimately led to a subsequent scale-up of procedures and the establishment of pilot, demo, and large-scale plants/biorefineries in some regions of the world. Nevertheless, there are still challenges associated with the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, such as recalcitrance of the cell wall, multiple pretreatment steps, prolonged hydrolysis time, degradation product formation, cost, etc., which have impeded the implementation of its large-scale production, which needs to be addressed. This review gives an overview of biomass and bioenergy, the structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, biofuel classification, bioethanol as an energy source, bioethanol production processes, different pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques, inhibitory product formation, fermentation strategies/process, the microorganisms used for fermentation, distillation, legislation in support of advanced biofuel, and industrial projects on advanced bioethanol. The ultimate objective is still to find the best conditions and technology possible to sustainably and inexpensively produce a high bioethanol yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sary Awad
- IMT Atlantique, GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, F-44000 Nantes, France; (C.M.I.); (Y.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
D'Adamo I, Gastaldi M, Giannini M, Nizami AS. Environmental implications and levelized cost analysis of E-fuel production under photovoltaic energy, direct air capture, and hydrogen. Environ Res 2024; 246:118163. [PMID: 38215929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The ecological transition in the transport sector is a major challenge to tackle environmental pollution, and European legislation will mandate zero-emission new cars from 2035. To reduce the impact of petrol and diesel vehicles, much emphasis is being placed on the potential use of synthetic fuels, including electrofuels (e-fuels). This research aims to examine a levelised cost (LCO) analysis of e-fuel production where the energy source is renewable. The energy used in the process is expected to come from a photovoltaic plant and the other steps required to produce e-fuel: direct air capture, electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch process. The results showed that the LCOe-fuel in the baseline scenario is around 3.1 €/l, and this value is mainly influenced by the energy production component followed by the hydrogen one. Sensitivity, scenario and risk analyses are also conducted to evaluate alternative scenarios, and it emerges that in 84% of the cases, LCOe-fuel ranges between 2.8 €/l and 3.4 €/l. The findings show that the current cost is not competitive with fossil fuels, yet the development of e-fuels supports environmental protection. The concept of pragmatic sustainability, incentive policies, technology development, industrial symbiosis, economies of scale and learning economies can reduce this cost by supporting the decarbonization of the transport sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idiano D'Adamo
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Gastaldi
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kruse M, Letschert J, Cormier R, Rambo H, Gee K, Kannen A, Schaper J, Möllmann C, Stelzenmüller V. Operationalizing a fisheries social-ecological system through a Bayesian belief network reveals hotspots for its adaptive capacity in the southern North sea. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120685. [PMID: 38552519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Fisheries social-ecological systems (SES) in the North Sea region confront multifaceted challenges stemming from environmental changes, offshore wind farm expansion, and marine protected area establishment. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of a Bayesian Belief Network (BN) approach in comprehensively capturing and assessing the intricate spatial dynamics within the German plaice-related fisheries SES. The BN integrates ecological, economic, and socio-cultural factors to generate high-resolution maps of profitability and adaptive capacity potential (ACP) as prospective management targets. Our analysis of future scenarios, delineating changes in spatial constraints, economics, and socio-cultural aspects, identifies factors that will exert significant influence on this fisheries SES in the near future. These include the loss of fishing grounds due to the installation of offshore wind farms and marine protected areas, as well as reduced plaice landings due to climate change. The identified ACP hotspots hold the potential to guide the development of localized management strategies and sustainable planning efforts by highlighting the consequences of management decisions. Our findings emphasize the need to consider detailed spatial dynamics of fisheries SES within marine spatial planning (MSP) and illustrate how this information may assist decision-makers and practitioners in area prioritization. We, therefore, propose adopting the concept of fisheries SES within broader integrated management approaches to foster sustainable development of inherently dynamic SES in a rapidly evolving marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kruse
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - J Letschert
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Cormier
- Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - H Rambo
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Gee
- Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Kannen
- Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - J Schaper
- Institute of Coastal Systems - Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - C Möllmann
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University Hamburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai T, Jose Valanarasu JM, Zhao Y, Zheng S, Sun Y, Patel VM, Jordaan SM. Land Resources for Wind Energy Development Requires Regionalized Characterizations. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5014-5023. [PMID: 38437169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Estimates of the land area occupied by wind energy differ by orders of magnitude due to data scarcity and inconsistent methodology. We developed a method that combines machine learning-based imagery analysis and geographic information systems and examined the land area of 318 wind farms (15,871 turbines) in the U.S. portion of the Western Interconnection. We found that prior land use and human modification in the project area are critical for land-use efficiency and land transformation of wind projects. Projects developed in areas with little human modification have a land-use efficiency of 63.8 ± 8.9 W/m2 (mean ±95% confidence interval) and a land transformation of 0.24 ± 0.07 m2/MWh, while values for projects in areas with high human modification are 447 ± 49.4 W/m2 and 0.05 ± 0.01 m2/MWh, respectively. We show that land resources for wind can be quantified consistently with our replicable method, a method that obviates >99% of the workload using machine learning. To quantify the peripheral impact of a turbine, buffered geometry can be used as a proxy for measuring land resources and metrics when a large enough impact radius is assumed (e.g., >4 times the rotor diameter). Our analysis provides a necessary first step toward regionalized impact assessment and improved comparisons of energy alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dai
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, District of Columbia 20036, United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jeya Maria Jose Valanarasu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Shuwen Zheng
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, District of Columbia 20036, United States
| | - Yinong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Vishal M Patel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sarah M Jordaan
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Trottier Institute of Sustainability in Engineering and Design, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel H, Mssr T, Nandikes G, Pandey N, Bhattacharya D, Pathak P. Techno-environmental analysis to valorize the secondary energy resources from refuse-derived fuel-based waste to energy plant. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22441-22452. [PMID: 38407705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The present study quantifies the environmental and sustainability impacts associated with municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India which plays a vital environmental issue in recent times. The upsurge in population has resulted in massive waste generation, leading to a concerning rise in the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the sustainable management of MSW has been discussed and highlights the conversion of MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to identify its potential for generating electricity in waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study has been done to identify and compare the environmental impacts associated with different scenarios (SC) as SC1: landfilling without energy recovery, SC2: open burning and SC3: processing of RDF in WtE plant by considering the nine impact categories from the inventory data obtained over a period of 12 consecutive months (Jan 2021-Jan 2022). The results exhibited that the global warming potential caused by emissions of GHG are in the order of SC1 (1188 kg CO2 eq) > SC2 (752 kg CO2 eq) > SC3 (332 kg CO2 eq), respectively from 1 t of MSW. It is concluded that the WtE plant can help in the reduction of environmental issues, strengthening the capacity of electricity generation and improving the aesthetic view of the city which is socially acceptable as well. Thus, WtE technology can help in achieving sustainable development goal 12 to regenerate the sustainable secondary resources for the twenty-first century and minimize global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Patel
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Tejaswini Mssr
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Gopa Nandikes
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | | | - Pankaj Pathak
- Resource Management Lab, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, SRM University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Presno MJ, Landajo M. Stationarity and cycles in the energy consumption in the United States. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19423-19438. [PMID: 38358634 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is twofold: analyzing stationarity of energy consumption by source in the United States and studying their cycles and pairwise synchronization. We study a panel of nine time series of monthly energy consumption for the period 1973-2022. Four of the series (namely coal, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear electric power consumption) are non-renewables, whereas the remaining ones (hydroelectric power, geothermal, biomass, solar, and wind energy consumption) are renewable energy sources. We employ a nonparametric, panel stationarity testing approach. The results indicate that most of the series may be trend-stationarity, with nuclear and geothermal energy consumption being the only exceptions. Additionally, a study on potential cycles in the series of energy consumption by source is carried out, and subsequently we analyze pairwise concordance between states of different energy sources and between states of energy sources and the business cycle. Significant correlations are detected in the latter analysis, which are positive in the case of fossil fuel sources and negative for two renewable sources, namely geothermal and biomass energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Presno
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Oviedo, Avda del Cristo s/n, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Manuel Landajo
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Oviedo, Avda del Cristo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bédard A, Blouin S, Cheng S. Buoyant crystals halt the cooling of white dwarf stars. Nature 2024; 627:286-288. [PMID: 38448597 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
White dwarfs are stellar remnants devoid of a nuclear energy source, gradually cooling over billions of years1,2 and eventually freezing into a solid state from the inside out3,4. Recently, it was discovered that a population of freezing white dwarfs maintains a constant luminosity for a duration comparable with the age of the universe5, signalling the presence of a powerful, yet unknown, energy source that inhibits the cooling. For certain core compositions, the freezing process is predicted to trigger a solid-liquid distillation mechanism, owing to the solid phase being depleted in heavy impurities6-8. The crystals thus formed are buoyant and float up, thereby displacing heavier liquid downward and releasing gravitational energy. Here we show that distillation interrupts the cooling for billions of years and explains all the observational properties of the unusual delayed population. With a steady luminosity surpassing that of some main-sequence stars, these white dwarfs defy their conventional portrayal as dead stars. Our results highlight the existence of peculiar merger remnants9,10 and have profound implications for the use of white dwarfs in dating stellar populations11,12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bédard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Simon Blouin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Sihao Cheng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selkimäki M, Riippi J, Rana P, Lamula L, Antila M, Heinonen T, Tokola T. Forest landscape shield models for assessing audio-visual disturbances of wind turbines. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120070. [PMID: 38266524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Wind power is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sectors and plays a focal role in the transition to a fossil fuel free society in Europe. Technological developments have enabled the construction of turbines within forested areas, which has raised concerns regarding the audio-visual impact on these landscapes. However, there is a paucity of research with regard to the role that forests may play in mitigating the negative impacts of wind farms. In this study, we created a simplified model for noise attenuation based on the ISO 9613-2 and Nord2000 noise models and a visibility model which both relates the audio-visual effect to forest stand structure and applied them in the GIS environment. Our findings suggest that forests can act as effective noise barriers, with the sound attenuation level dependent on the distance that sound travels through the forest, as well as the size and density of the trees. However, in the case of a high elevation sound source (such as wind turbines), the forest begins to act as a noise shield from a distance of between 500 and 1500 m, depending on the height of the forest and the land topography. While current noise models do not consider the impact of tree species, our visibility model accounts for tree size, density and species, as well as understorey and thinning. Our results indicate that spruce trees provide a better visual constraint whereas visibility distances within mature Calluna-type pine forests tend to be more extensive. Both models include variables that can be adjusted by forest management, thereby allowing integration with forest planning software. Overall, this study presents indicative methods for the evaluation of potential forest landscape shields, a concept that could have broad applications, including Landscape Value Trading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Selkimäki
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Juha Riippi
- Ruokavirasto, PL 100, 00027, Ruokavirasto, Seinäjoki, Finland.
| | - Parvez Rana
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksen Tie 3, 90570, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lasse Lamula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Marko Antila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tero Heinonen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Timo Tokola
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Du Q, Li Z, Du M, Yang T. Venture capital, innovation channels, and regional resource dependence: Evidence from China. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120034. [PMID: 38232588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Although the literature predominantly emphasises the crucial role of technological innovation in alleviating resource dependence, limited attention has been given to the pivotal role of capital in driving such innovation. As a critical factor in technological advancements and productivity enhancement, venture capital has a substantial function in the utilisation of resources and the development of sustainable energy sources. Drawing upon panel data from 30 provinces in China, this study explores how venture capital and resource dependence are interrelated. Our research reveals that venture capital effectively mitigates regional resource dependence by facilitating increased investment in innovation channels. However, the weakening of regional human resources mitigates venture capital's diminishing impacts on resource dependence. These findings provide valuable insights for countries seeking to reduce their dependence on natural resources and achieve long-term economic sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunyang Du
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Institute for Industrial System Modernization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Du
- The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Tianle Yang
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saikia S, Kalamdhad AS. Assessment of pyrolysis potential of Indian municipal solid waste and legacy waste via physicochemical and thermochemical characterization. Bioresour Technol 2024; 394:130289. [PMID: 38181997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the viability of utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) and legacy waste as a renewable energy source through pyrolysis, akin to solid fuels. The heating value of MSW and legacy waste were found to be 37737.89 and 40432.84 kJ/kg, respectively. Proximate analysis shows that MSW fits within Tanner diagram parameters, eliminating the need for auxiliary fuel in pyrolysis. With 47.6 % and 44.16 % lignin content in MSW and legacy waste were deemed suitable for char production. Thermal degradation resulted in mass losses of 68 % for MSW and 82 % for legacy waste. The kinetic and thermodynamic assessment indicates lower activation energy (Ea) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for MSW (5.72 kJ/mol and 170.37 kJ/mol, respectively) compared to fossil fuels, suggesting faster reactions without additional energy requirement. MSW emerges as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, aligning with the United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saikia
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parton LC, Phaneuf DJ, Taylor LO, Lutzeyer S. Bidding against the wind: A choice experiment in green energy, green jobs and offshore views in North Carolina, USA. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119821. [PMID: 38169265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Offshore wind development is in its nascent stages in the United States. Recent research indicates that the visual impacts of offshore wind farms are viewed negatively by the general population. This North Carolina application is the first US-focused discrete choice experiment that explicitly asks respondents to consider the positive local and global benefits from offshore wind development, such as job creation and greenhouse gas emission reductions, simultaneously with their visual impacts. We find significant willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing the visual impacts of offshore wind farms, and that the extent of disamenity varies in the population and with placement along developed tourist towns (as much as $783/year for three years) or preserved coastlines (as much as $451/year for three years). We also find that some preference classes value projects that create permanent jobs and reduce carbon emissions. We use our estimates of preferences for the positive and negative attributes to explore specific wind farm configurations and locations that could achieve positive consensus in a heterogenous population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee C Parton
- Department of Economics, Boise State University, USA.
| | - Daniel J Phaneuf
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Laura O Taylor
- Department of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manoharan P, Chandrasekaran K, Chandran R, Ravichandran S, Mohammad S, Jangir P. An effective strategy for unit commitment of microgrid power systems integrated with renewable energy sources including effects of battery degradation and uncertainties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:11037-11080. [PMID: 38217814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The large use of renewable sources and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) would play a critical part in achieving a low-carbon energy source and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are the primary cause of global warming. On the other hand, predicting the instability and intermittent nature of wind and solar power output poses significant challenges. To reduce the unpredictable and random nature of renewable microgrids (MGs) and additional unreliable energy sources, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is connected to an MG system. The uncoordinated charging of PEVs offers further hurdles to the unit commitment (UC) required in contemporary MG management. The UC problem is an exceptionally difficult optimization problem due to the mixed-integer structure, large scale, and nonlinearity. It is further complicated by the multiple uncertainties associated with renewable sources, PEV charging and discharging, and electricity market pricing, in addition to the BESS degradation factor. Therefore, in this study, a new variant of mixed-integer particle swarm optimizer is introduced as a reliable optimization framework to handle the UC problem. This study considers six various case studies of UC problems, including uncertainties and battery degradation to validate the reliability and robustness of the proposed algorithm. Out of which, two case studies defined as a multiobjective problem, and it has been transformed into a single-objective model using different weight factors. The simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed approach and improved methodology for the UC problem are effective than its peers. Based on the average results, the economic consequences of numerous scenarios are thoroughly examined and contrasted, and some significant conclusions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Manoharan
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India.
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Power Engineering (IPE), College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Putrajaya, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641032, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Chandran
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
| | - Sowmya Ravichandran
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Soni Mohammad
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India
| | - Pradeep Jangir
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 602105, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hany RM, Mahmoud T, Osman ESAEA, El Rehim AEFA, Seoudy HM. Optimal allocation of distributed energy storage systems to enhance voltage stability and minimize total cost. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296988. [PMID: 38285650 PMCID: PMC10824428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of energy efficiency in a distribution network can be attained through the adding of energy storage systems (ESSs). The strategic placement and appropriate sizing of these systems have the potential to significantly enhance the overall performance of the network. An appropriately dimensioned and strategically located energy storage system has the potential to effectively address peak energy demand, optimize the addition of renewable and distributed energy sources, assist in managing the power quality and reduce the expenses associated with expanding distribution networks. This study proposes an efficient approach utilizing the Dandelion Optimizer (DO) to find the optimal placement and sizing of ESSs in a distribution network. The goal is to reduce the overall annual cost of the system, which includes expenses related to power losses, voltage deviation, and peak load damand. The methods outlined in this study is implemented on the IEEE 33 bus distribution system. The outcomes obtained from the proposed DO are contrasted with those of the original system so as to illustrate the impact of ESSs location on both the overall cost and voltage profile. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the outcomes of the Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) and the intended Design of Experiment DO, revealing that the DO has obtained greater savings in comparison to the ALO. The recommended methodology's simplicity and efficacy in resolving the researched optimization issue make the acquired locations and sizes of ESSs favorable for implementation within the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Mohamed Hany
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering, Elshorouk City, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mahmoud
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abo El Fotouh Abd El Rehim
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering, Elshorouk City, Egypt
| | - Hatem M. Seoudy
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, The Higher Institute of Engineering, Elshorouk City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Le TH, Tran N, Lee HJ. Development of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers for Hydrogen Storage and Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1359. [PMID: 38279357 PMCID: PMC10816534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage and transfer of energy require a safe technology to mitigate the global environmental issues resulting from the massive application of fossil fuels. Fuel cells have used hydrogen as a clean and efficient energy source. Nevertheless, the storage and transport of hydrogen have presented longstanding problems. Recently, liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) have emerged as a solution to these issues. The hydrogen storage technique in LOHCs is more attractive than those of conventional energy storage systems like liquefaction, compression at high pressure, and methods of adsorption and absorption. The release and acceptance of hydrogen should be reversible by LOHC molecules following favourable reaction kinetics. LOHCs comprise liquid and semi-liquid organic compounds that are hydrogenated to store hydrogen. These hydrogenated molecules are stored and transported and finally dehydrogenated to release the required hydrogen for supplying energy. Hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are conducted catalytically for multiple cycles. This review elaborates on the characteristics of different LOHC molecules, based on their efficacy as energy generators. Additionally, different catalysts used for both hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Hoa Le
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ngo Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Hyun-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coping With the Energy Crisis: Midwestern Style (With a Couple of Asides). JAMA 2024; 331:82. [PMID: 38165409 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.18164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
|
18
|
Kim JH, Im JH, Yoo SH. The public perspective on renewable energy versus nuclear power for carbon neutrality in South Korea. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:1356-1367. [PMID: 38036907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
South Korea has legislated "2050 carbon neutrality" in 2021 and is currently implementing it, and debate is brewing over which to focus on as the main means of achieving it in the power generation sector: renewable energy (RE) or nuclear power (NP). This article aims to collect and analyze data on the public preference for RE versus NP. In a national survey of 1000 people, respondents were first asked which was preferred, RE or NP, and then asked to indicate the preference intensity along a 5-point scale. Of all the respondents, 60.3% preferred RE and 27.7% preferred NP. The preference for the former was about 2.2 times more than that for the latter. However, the intensity of the preference for NP was 1.3 times more than that for RE. Both the two-limit Tobit model and ordered probit model have been applied to analyzing the factors influencing the preference. The effects of some variables on the preference for RE over NP are explained, and implications from this are discussed. The findings can be used as a reference to determine the main means of implementation of carbon neutrality or to increase the public acceptance of the specified means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Kim
- Department of Future Energy Convergence, College of Creativity and Convergence Studies, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuck Im
- Department of Energy Technology Convergence, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Yoo
- Department of Future Energy Convergence, College of Creativity and Convergence Studies, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahad M. Quantile-based assessment of energy-CO2 emission nexus in Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:7345-7363. [PMID: 38158535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nonrenewable energy sources maintain a substantial majority of Pakistan's energy composition, exceeding 70%, posing challenges to achieving sustainability goals for a low-carbon economy. Recognizing this, the study determines the critical thresholds where renewable and nonrenewable energies affect more significantly on CO2 emission over the period from 1972Q1 to 2020Q4. The analysis begins by confirming the stationarity of the data through quantile unit root analysis, followed by an examination of long-term associations using quantile cointegration. For quantile-based impact assessments, we apply quantile regression. To uncover the direction of causality within quantiles, we use a novel approach, quantile causality analysis. Nonrenewable energy sources exhibit a long-term association at disaggregated levels, whereas the same is not true for renewable energy across the quantile distribution. Quantile regression results reveal that renewable energy sources positively impact CO2 emissions, with coal having the highest coefficient, followed by oil and gas, particularly in the upper quantiles, τ = {0.70-0.75}. However, renewable energy sources prove insignificant in decreasing CO2 emissions. Similarly, total energy consumption has a positive influence on CO2 emissions at extremely low quantiles, τ = {0.05-0.30} and high quantiles, τ = {0.65-0.90}, indicating sensitivity to extreme variations. The quantile causality analysis highlights a bidirectional causality relationship among CO2 emissions, total energy consumption, and both renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption across lower and upper quantiles. Policymakers should reallocate funds, provide subsidies, and introduce infrastructure development projects to reduce the burden on nonrenewable energy sources based on this quantile analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahad
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun Campus, Haidian, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shu L, Fang H, Feng S, Sun J, Yang F, Hu D, Cheng F. Assembling all-wood-derived carbon/carbon dots-assisted phase change materials for high-efficiency thermal-energy harvesters. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128365. [PMID: 38000615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The collection and storage of renewable, sustainable and clean energy including wind, solar, and tidal energy has attracted considerable attention because of its promising potential to replace fossil energy sources. Advanced energy-storage materials are the core component for energy harvesters, affording the high-efficiency conversion of these new-style energy sources. Herein, originated from nature, a series of all-wood-derived carbon-assisted phase change materials (PCMs) were purposed by incorporating carbon dots-modified polyethylene glycol matrix into carbon skeletons via a vacuum-impregnation strategy. The resultant PCMs possessed desired anti-leakage capability and superior thermophysical behaviors. In particular, the optimum sample posed high latent heat (131.5 J/g) and well thermal stability, where the corresponding enthalpy still reserved 90 % over 100 heating/cooling cycles. More importantly, the as-fabricated thermal-energy harvester presented prominent capability to strorage and release multiple forms of thermal energy, as well as high-efficiency solar-energy utilization, corresponding to a photothermal conversion efficiency of 88 % in simulated sunlight irradiation, far exceeding some reported PCMs. Overall, with the introduction of wood-derived carbon dots and carbon skeletons, the assembled all-wood-derived carbon-assisted PCMs afforded trinity advantages on thermal performance, cycling stability, and energy conversion efficiency, which provide a promising potential for the practical application in thermal-energy harvesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Heng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shichao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Dongying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Fangchao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Werber Y. Human-wildlife conflicts in the aerial habitat: Wind farms are just the beginning. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241231157. [PMID: 38373435 PMCID: PMC10878230 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241231157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The aerial habitat occupies an enormous three-dimensional space around Earth and is inhabited by trillions of animals. Humans have been encroaching on the aerial habitat since the time of the pyramids, but the last century ushered in unprecedented threats to aerial wildlife. Skyscrapers, jet-age transportation and recently huge wind turbines kill millions of flying animals annually and despite substantial efforts, our detection and mitigation capabilities are lagging far behind. Given the situation, our readiness to handle the impact of millions of drones buzzing through the sky carrying batteries, payloads and soon also people, is questionable at best. In radar aero-ecology, radars are used to document and analyse animal movement high above the ground, opening a hatch to ecological processes in the aerial habitat. Differentiating bats from birds, a simple task at ground level, was impossible aloft, which limited our ability to study and characterise high-altitude bat behaviour. Many high-altitude infrastructure developments around the world were thus planned and executed with no regard to possible impacts on bats and caused millions of bat fatalities. BATScan, the first automatic bat identifier for radar, demonstrates how artificial intelligence can be implemented together with ecological insight to solve basic scientific questions and minimise negative human impact on natural habitats. We demonstrate a facet of the complexity of bat aero-ecology using the Israeli BATScan database and substantiate the claim that activities taken by the wind energy industry to minimise bat mortality may prove limited and leave bats unprotected. We further discuss upcoming challenges in the face of a forthcoming transportation revolution that will change the human-aerial wildlife conflict from a conservation concern to a major human safety issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Werber
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Ullah S. Effects of digitalization on energy security risk: do financial development and environmental trade matter? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:249-261. [PMID: 38012499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Trade in environmental goods and financial development may harness factors such as green investment, technological development, and renewable energy production, which are crucial in reducing energy security risks by diversifying energy sources. However, not many empirics have shed light on the impact of digitalization, environmental trade, and financial development on energy security risks in top energy-consuming countries. To fill this vacuum, this study intends to investigate the influence of digitalization, environmental trade, and financial development on energy security risk in top energy-consuming countries from 2003 to 2021. The study employs the 2SLS and GMM estimates for empirical estimation of top energy-consuming developed and developing economies. The results show that ICT negatively affects energy security risks in developed economies. The findings of the analysis also suggest that environmental trade and financial development cause energy security risks to be reduced in both developed and developing economies. Likewise, the energy security risks in both developed and developing nations are mitigated by ICT, GDP, carbon emissions, and renewable energy production. In contrast, the energy security risks are escalated by the rise in natural resource rents. In order to fully capitalize on the potential advantages of these elements and eventually ensure a more sustainable and secure energy future, governments, businesses, and financial institutions must work together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- Ocean College, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, 603000, China.
| | - Sana Ullah
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Political Science, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Akça EE. Do renewable energy sources improve air quality? Demand- and supply-side comparative evidence from industrialized and emerging industrial economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:293-311. [PMID: 38012490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study is an attempt to comparatively analyze the impact of renewable energy sources on air quality represented by particulate matter 2.5 concentrations utilizing panel data of 60 countries which are divided into two sub-panels industrialized economies and emerging industrial economies over the period 2010-2019. The study adopts both demand- and supply-side approaches and hence renewable sources are handled in two different structures, i.e., renewable energy consumption and production. Empirical results from both demand- and supply-side regressions strongly confirm the positive impact of renewable sources on air quality in all country groups, meaning that higher renewable energy production and consumption bring about improvement in air quality. In addition, this positive impact of renewables on air quality turned out to be higher in emerging industrial economies than that in industrialized ones. To be more precise, as all control variables are considered, a 10% increase in the production of renewable energy sources brings about a 0.66% improvement in air quality in industrialized economies while its impact is a value of 1.33% in emerging industrial economies. On the other hand, a 10% increase in consumption of renewable energy sources leads to a 0.62% improvement in air quality in industrialized economies and a 1.97% improvement in emerging industrial economies. As for control variables, industrialization gives rise to an increase in air pollution in all country groups, whereas economic growth and trade openness function as favorable factors for air quality. Although population density improves air quality in industrialized economies, it is found as one of the main pollutant factors in emerging industrial economies. Overall results proved that renewable sources improve air quality by reducing particulate matter 2.5 concentrations. Therefore, these countries, especially emerging industrial economies, should replace primitive energy sources like fossil fuels with renewables to bring down environmental degradation up to a reasonable level and increasingly continue to invest in renewable energy domain to reach their environmental sustainability targets. The study also provides some additional policy implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Eray Akça
- Department of Economics, Bartin University, 74110, Bartin, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Caporale D, Sangiorgio V, De Lucia C. Extended reality-based choice experiment to assess the impact of offshore wind turbines in historic center: The case of Manfredonia. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119454. [PMID: 37918236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel four-step methodology to achieve an extended-reality-based choice experiment in historic and touristic centers. The study exploits the case of Manfredonia (a seaside town in southern Italy) to apply the new approach and investigates public attitudes and preferences towards the installation of offshore wind turbines in the area. The novelty of the proposed work is twofold: i) for the first time, a structured methodological approach is defined for the development of a hybrid extended-reality-based choice experiment; ii) the perception of the visual impact of offshore wind turbines is assessed in a touristic and historic city in southern Italy exploiting the proposed approach. Our findings underscore the importance of continuously monitoring public perceptions to maintain and promote support for sustainable energy solutions, particularly in relation to the perception of wind energy's visual impact. In particular, 65% of respondents express their worries about wind power plants impact on the landscape. Moreover, the positive coefficient of the visual impact (0.011) suggests a positive utility of respondents from a higher off-shore turbines' density and a marginal willingness to accept a compensation of about 13€ for the visual impact and of about 33€ for the distance from the shore. In this context the use of extended reality technology in choice experiment scenarios significantly improves the results and enhances the understanding of the landscape impact of offshore wind farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Caporale
- Department of Economics and Finance (DIEF), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Sangiorgio
- Department of Engineering and Geology (INGEO), D'Annunzio University of Chieti - Pescara, Viale Pindaro, 42, 65127, Pescara, Italy.
| | - Caterina De Lucia
- Department of Economics, Management and Territory (DEMeT), University of Foggia - Via A. Da Zara, 11, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Materazzi M, Chari S, Sebastiani A, Lettieri P, Paulillo A. Waste-to-energy and waste-to-hydrogen with CCS: Methodological assessment of pathways to carbon-negative waste treatment from an LCA perspective. Waste Manag 2024; 173:184-199. [PMID: 38000195 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing global population and rising living standards are producing ever greater quantities of waste, while at the same time driving ever-larger demand for energy, especially electricity, or new emerging markets, such as hydrogen in more industrialised countries. A key solution to these challenges of waste disposal, rising energy and hydrogen demand is BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage); the generation of bioenergy - in the form of electricity (WtE) or hydrogen (WtH2), as well as heat - from the thermochemical processing of waste. The addition of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to WtE or WtH2 has the potential to make waste a zero or even negative emissions energy source, thus contributing to the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. This work undertakes a pre-screening of different BECCS configurations based on state of the art technologies and then performed an assessment of representative cases in UK for WtE and WtH2, necessary to understand if novel waste thermal treatment processes may become potential alternatives or improvements to current WtE plants when retrofitted with CCS. A systematic and comprehensive examination of different key Life Cycle Assessment methodological aspects reveals the importance of the functional unit and allocation approach in determining the preferred pathway in a specific context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suviti Chari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Alex Sebastiani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Paola Lettieri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Andrea Paulillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wei S, Yuan P, Liu C. The impact of differentiated feed-in tariffs on the resource misallocation of wind power: From the perspectives of the intensive and extensive margins. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119039. [PMID: 37925978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread implementation of feed-in tariff (FIT) policies has played a crucial role in fostering the development of wind power, with their positive effects firmly established in numerous studies. However, the impact of regionally differentiated FIT policies on the misallocation of wind power resources remains a topic of contention, with limited research dedicated to this area. This paper aims to address this gap by examining the implications of such policies on the intensive and extensive margins of wind power installed capacity in China, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms driving resource misallocation. Empirical findings indicate that, concerning the intensive margin, the policy amplifies the concentration of wind power investments in regions characterized by abundant wind resources but low electricity demand. These regions present favorable conditions for large-scale wind farms with cost advantages, consequently exacerbating the misallocation of wind power resources. However, on the extensive margin, the policy promotes the likelihood of locating small and medium-sized wind farms in regions with poor wind resources but higher tariff rates, thus partially mitigating resource misallocation. In summary, China's policy hampers wind power investments in regions characterized by high electricity demand but limited wind resources. This suggests that the negative impact on the intensive margin outweighs the positive impact on the extensive margin. The findings of this study bear significant implications for the development of renewable energy support policies, particularly in countries grappling with substantial regional disparities in renewable energy resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuni Wei
- Institute of Western China Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Institute of Western China Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Western China Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao L, Wu Q, Qiu J, Mei Y, Yao Y, Meng L, Liu P. The impact of wind energy on plant biomass production in China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22366. [PMID: 38102187 PMCID: PMC10724281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Global wind power expansion raises concerns about its potential impact on plant biomass production (PBP). Using a high-dimensional fixed effects model, this study reveals significant PBP reduction due to wind farm construction based on 2404 wind farms, 108,361 wind turbines, and 7,904,352 PBP observations during 2000-2022 in China. Within a 1-10 km buffer, the normalized differential vegetation and enhanced vegetation indices decrease from 0.0097 to 0.0045 and 0.0075 to 0.0028, respectively. Similarly, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and gross primary productivity decline from 0.0094 to 0.0034% and 0.0003-0.0002 g*C/m2 within a 1-7 km buffer. Adverse effects last over three years, magnified in summer and autumn, and are more pronounced at lower altitudes and in plains. Forest carbon sinks decrease by 12,034 tons within a 0-20 km radius, causing an average economic loss of $1.81 million per wind farm. Our findings underscore the balanced mitigation strategies for renewable energy transition when transiting from fossil fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Wu
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jixiang Qiu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdan Mei
- School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiran Yao
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Meng
- School of Economics and The Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Economics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nilsson ALK, Molværsmyr S, Breistøl A, Systad GHR. Estimating mortality of small passerine birds colliding with wind turbines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21365. [PMID: 38049460 PMCID: PMC10695956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As demand for renewable energy is rising, wind power development is rapidly growing worldwide. In its wake, conflicts arise over land use changes converting pristine nature into industrial power plants and its associated adverse biodiversity effects, crowned by one of the most obvious and deadly consequences: bird collisions. Most post-construction studies report low levels of avian mortality, but the majority of these studies are conducted primarily on larger birds. However, the diversity and abundance of small passerine birds are rarely reflected in the carcass surveys, although they in numeric proportion to their abundances should be the most numerous. The assumption that surveys find all carcasses seems thus rarely fulfilled and passerine mortality is likely to be grossly underestimated. We therefore designed an experiment with dummy birds to estimate mortality of small-bodied passerines and other small-bodied birds during post-construction surveys, tested in a medium-sized wind farm in western Norway. The wind farm was surveyed weekly during the migration periods by carcass survey teams using trained dogs to find killed birds. The dogs in the carcass surveys were more successful in locating the large than the small dummy birds (60-200 g), where they found 74% of the large dummy birds. Detecting the smaller category (5-24 g) was more demanding and the dogs only found 17% of the small dummy birds. Correcting the post-construction carcass survey outcome with the results from the experiment leads to an almost fourfold increase in estimated mortality rates, largely due to the low detection rate of the smallest category. The detection rates will naturally vary between wind farms, depending on the specific habitat characteristics, the efficiency of the carcass surveys and the search intervals. Thus, implementing a simple experiment with dummy birds to future post-construction surveys will produce more accurate estimates of the wind turbine mortality rates, and thus improve our understanding of the biodiversity effects of conforming to a more sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L K Nilsson
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
| | - S Molværsmyr
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Breistøl
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - G H R Systad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hilarydoss S. A detailed review on various aspects of inverted solar still desalination systems proposed for clean water production. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:119671-119710. [PMID: 37964147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid degradation of quality and quantity of the available limited fresh water reserves has forced nations around the globe to search for alternate fresh water sources. This has led to the development of various desalination technologies to generate potable water from abundantly available sea and brackish water. Desalination sector has undergone various upgradations to meet the rising fresh water demand in a sustainable way. One such upgradation is the utilization of solar energy as an energy source. High cost and associated environmental impacts with large-scale desalination systems have shifted the focus of researchers towards research and development of various small-scale efficient solar stills for cheap potable water production in rural, remote, arid, and coastal locations. In this review article, various configurations of a non-conventional solar still, namely inverted solar still, have been reviewed extensively by highlighting its classifications, design aspects, working principle, features, and economics. Moreover, the role of inverted solar still's evaporating and condensing surface characteristics and thermal properties on its distillate productivity has also been discussed. Inverted absorber multi-basin solar still and inverted multi-effect diffusion solar still configurations are highly productive. Economics of inverted solar still is better than other conventional solar still configurations and conventional reverse osmosis plant of few m3/day capacity. This review article will facilitate researchers to select appropriate inverted solar still configuration for further performance improvement and commercialization. The scope for future research works on inverted solar still has also been listed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hilarydoss
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530 003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wojciechowski W, Streimikiene D, Wojciechowski A, Bilan Y. The role of nuclear energy in low carbon energy transition: evidence from panel data approach in EU. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:124353-124373. [PMID: 37999841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to employ panel data approach to investigate determinants of total GHG emissions in all European Union (EU) economies in years 1990-2018 and evaluate the role of nuclear energy in climate change mitigation. It incorporates the following variables potentially affecting the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: economic-gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and GDP per capita squared to control for non-linear relationship between economic output and GHG emissions; structural-economic structure reflected in the share of manufacturing in total gross value added (GVA); energy-mix-share of nuclear power and renewable sources in total gross electricity production; environmental policy-the amount of environmental taxes (as a percentage of GDP) and the number of European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) allowances auctioned or sold (as a percentage of GDP per capita). The main findings of this study confirm the long-run relationship between GHG emissions, GDP level, and energy-mix variables. It endorses that higher share of nuclear power together with renewables in gross electricity production has significant impact on GHG emissions in the long run. In turn, it also validates the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve for selected countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalia Streimikiene
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus university, Akademija, Kaunas Region, Studentu 11, LT-53361, Lithuania.
| | - Adam Wojciechowski
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczanska 215, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yuriy Bilan
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus university, Akademija, Kaunas Region, Studentu 11, LT-53361, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li H, Lai C, Wei Z, Zhou X, Liu S, Qin L, Yi H, Fu Y, Li L, Zhang M, Xu F, Yan H, Xu M, Ma D, Li Y. Strategies for improving the stability of perovskite for photocatalysis: A review of recent progress. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140395. [PMID: 37820881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is currently a hot research field, which provides promising processes to produce green energy sources and other useful products, thus eventually benefiting carbon emission reduction and leading to a low-carbon future. The development and application of stable and efficient photocatalytic materials is one of the main technical bottlenecks in the field of photocatalysis. Perovskite has excellent performance in the fields of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), organic synthesis and pollutant degradation due to its unique structure, flexibility and resulting excellent photoelectric and catalytic properties. The stability problems caused by perovskite's susceptibility to environmental influences hinder its further application in the field of photocatalysis. Therefore, this paper innovatively summarizes and analyzes the existing methods and strategies to improve the stability of perovskite in the field of photocatalysis. Specifically, (i) component engineering, (ii) morphological control, (iii) hybridization and encapsulation are thought to improve the stability of perovskites while improving photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the challenges and prospects of perovskite photocatalysts are discussed, which provides constructive thinking for the potential application of perovskite photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhen Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Xuerong Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yukui Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fuhang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Huchuan Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Mengyi Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dengsheng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yixia Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Spielmann V, Dannheim J, Brey T, Coolen JWP. Decommissioning of offshore wind farms and its impact on benthic ecology. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119022. [PMID: 37776786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
At the end of their operational life time offshore wind farms need to be decommissioned. How and to what extent the removal of the underwater structures impairs the ecosystem that developed during the operational phase of the wind farm is not known. So, decision makers face a knowledge gap, making the consideration of such ecological impacts challenging when planning decommissioning. This study evaluates how complete or partial decommissioning of foundation structure and scour protection layer impacts local epibenthic macrofauna biodiversity. We assessed three decommissioning alternatives (one for complete and two for partial removal) regarding their impact on epibenthic macrofauna species richness. The results imply that leaving the scour protection layer in situ will preserve a considerable number of species while cutting of the foundation structure above seabed will be beneficial for the fauna of such foundation structures where no scour protection is installed. These results should be taken with a grain of salt, as the current data base is rather limited. Data need to be improved substantially to allow for reliable statements and sound advice regarding the ecological impact of offshore wind farm decommissioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dannheim
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Science, Am Handeshafen 12, 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26 129, Oldenburg, Germany, (HIFMB).
| | - Thomas Brey
- University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Science, Am Handeshafen 12, 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26 129, Oldenburg, Germany, (HIFMB).
| | - Joop W P Coolen
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, Den Helder, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cabrera-Cruz SA, Aguilar López JL, Aguilar-Rodríguez PA, Oropeza-Sánchez MT, Muñoz Jiménez O, Villegas Patraca R. Changes in diversity and species composition in the assemblage of live and dead bats at wind farms in a highly diverse region. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1480. [PMID: 37968519 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Besides direct mortality, wind farms also affect aerial fauna by modifying their communities, reducing species diversity and richness through disturbance. During three consecutive years, we used mist nets and acoustic recorders, and conducted carcass searches, to characterize the assemblage of bat species and to estimate bat mortality at two nearby wind farms sited <5 km apart in a highly biodiverse region. We asked whether the diversity, richness and evenness of the assemblages varied yearly, predicting it would decrease through time. Richness and evenness did not change, but the diversity of species recorded acoustically, 96% being aerial insectivores, was significantly lower the third year. We estimate 4 - 15.7 fatalities/MW/year by wind farm, with 63% of species found as carcasses being aerial insectivores. We found >40% of dissimilarity in the species composition of bat assemblages between wind farms despite the short distance between them, with species turnover accounting for more than half of the dissimilarity every year. Similarly, species turnover accounted for >15% of the dissimilarity in the composition of the assemblage of live bats (captured and recorded acoustically) and the assemblage obtained through carcass searches. Our findings suggest that nearby wind farms impact bat communities differentially and aerial insectivores disproportionally. Long term, multi-method surveys are needed to characterize bat communities in highly diverse regions and to evaluate the post-construction effects that wind farms have on them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Cabrera-Cruz
- Unidad de Servicios Profesionales Altamente Especializados (USPAE), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Coatepec, Veracruz, 91520, México.
| | - José Luis Aguilar López
- Unidad de Servicios Profesionales Altamente Especializados (USPAE), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Coatepec, Veracruz, 91520, México
| | | | - Marco T Oropeza-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IESS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, 58190, México
| | - Oscar Muñoz Jiménez
- Unidad de Servicios Profesionales Altamente Especializados (USPAE), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Coatepec, Veracruz, 91520, México
| | - Rafael Villegas Patraca
- Unidad de Servicios Profesionales Altamente Especializados (USPAE), Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Coatepec, Veracruz, 91520, México.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jacobson MZ. Should Transportation Be Transitioned to Ethanol with Carbon Capture and Pipelines or Electricity? A Case Study. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:16843-16850. [PMID: 37882448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An important issue today is whether gasoline vehicles should be replaced by flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) that use ethanol-gasoline blends (e.g., E85), where some carbon dioxide (CO2) from ethanol's production is captured and piped, or battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) powered by wind or solar. This paper compares the options in a case study. It evaluates a proposal to capture fermentation CO2 from 34 ethanol refineries in 5 U.S. states and build an elaborate pipeline to transport the CO2 to an underground storage site. This "ethanol plan" is compared with building wind farms at the same cost to provide electricity for BEVs ("wind plan A"). Compared with the ethanol plan, wind plan A may reduce 2.4-4 times the CO2, save drivers in the five states $40-$66 billion (USD 2023) over 30 years even when BEVs initially cost $21,700 more than FFVs, require 1/400,000th the land footprint and 1/10th-1/20th the spacing area, and decrease air pollution. Even building wind to replace coal ("wind plan B") may avoid 1.5-2.5 times the CO2 as the ethanol plan. Thus, ethanol with carbon capture appears to be an opportunity cost that may damage climate and air quality, occupy land, and saddle consumers with high fuel costs for decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Z Jacobson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Heuschild B, Franz R, Frank M, Berth H, Reifferscheid F, Petrowski K. Analysis of Air Rescue for Offshore Wind Energy: A Retrospective Analysis of Structural and Process Quality for the Years 2014 to 2017. Air Med J 2023; 42:414-422. [PMID: 37996175 DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve the emission targets required by the German Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), the offshore wind industry has become 1 of the central building blocks of the so-called "energy turnaround." After the first offshore wind farm (OWF), Alpha Ventus, started operation in 2010, the number of OWFs in the North Sea and Baltic Sea has grown steadily. Because of the ongoing growth of the industry, the number of workers on-site has more than quadrupled in recent years. Although the majority of OWFs are located in the exclusive economic zone up to 130 km from the mainland, the same legal provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Arbeitsschutzgesetz) apply here as on the mainland. This means that the operators of the wind farms are legally obligated to maintain a seamless rescue chain. Because of the distance to the mainland, rescue helicopters are the means of choice to ensure prompt emergency preclinical care and, if necessary, rapid evacuation. The company Northern HeliCopter GmbH, part of the DRF Luftrettung since 2019, offers as part of WINDEACare rescue helicopters stationed at 3 locations on the North Sea and Baltic Sea to its contract partners an emergency medical staffed air rescue service, which is operational 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This article is the first to provide a detailed overview of a new field in prehospital emergency care on the high seas and, to this end, has recorded all offshore missions performed from 2014 through 2017 with evaluation of related medical and aeronautical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Frank
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hendrik Berth
- Technische Universität Dresden, Psychosoziale Medizin und Entwicklungsneurowissenschaften, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Reifferscheid
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Universitätsmedizin der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Medizinischen Psychologie und Medizinischen Soziologie, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bui HQ, Tran T, Vo AT, Vo DH. Financial development, energy consumption, and economic growth in the ASEAN countries: evidence from the PVAR approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:114249-114263. [PMID: 37861823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a new global economic force, has struggled to achieve a dual objective of enhanced economic growth and improved environmental quality. Financial development is generally considered an important tool in achieving these simultaneous objectives. This paper examines the response mechanism and the inter-relationship between the ASEAN region's financial development, energy consumption, and economic growth. Unlike previous studies, the paper uses a generalized method of moments panel vector autoregression (GMM-panel VAR) framework for the 1981-2021 period. The second-generation Granger causality test is used to identify their causality relationship. Economic growth supports financial development and reduces energy consumption from fossil fuel sources in the ASEAN countries. Financial development also reduces fossil fuel energy consumption. The bi-directional relationship between economic growth and fossil fuel energy consumption exists. Energy consumption and financial development are also bi-directionally linked. However, only the unidirectional Granger causality from economic growth to financial development is found. The variance decomposition analysis results confirm that economic growth accounts for the most significant variance in fossil fuel energy consumption and financial development in the ASEAN countries. Policy implications have emerged based on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Quang Bui
- The President Office, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, 59C Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Tran
- International School of Business, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, 17 Pham Ngoc Thach, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh The Vo
- Research Center in Business, Economics & Resources, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc Hong Vo
- Research Center in Business, Economics & Resources, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Anwar MA, Arshed N, Tiwari AK. Nexus between biomass energy, economic growth, and ecological footprints: empirical investigation from belt and road initiative economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:115527-115542. [PMID: 37884709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Several emerging economies, including economies in belt and road initiative (BRI), are experiencing difficulty attaining sustainable development goals. The efficient utilization of biomass energy sources plays an essential role in attaining sustainable development goals, especially among developing economies. This study empirically investigates the ecological footprints, biomass energy demand, and per capita income association for 30 BRI economies from 1995 to 2021. The study incorporates cointegration and panel quantile regression (PQR) to identify the relationship among discussed variables. Empirical outcomes indicate a negative significant biomass energy demand and ecological footprints relationship, especially among the economies with high traits of ecological footprints. Moreover, the empirical findings also confirm the negative significant per capita income and ecological footprints relationship, while the square of per capita income approves a significant positive association with ecological footprints. These estimates confirm the EKC hypothesis among per capita income and ecological footprints. The findings of the current study help to determine the optimum level of modern biomass energy consumption, which helps to attain economic growth without compromising ecological sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Anwar
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiao J, Xiao X. Forecast of clean energy generation in China based on new information priority nonlinear grey Bernoulli model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:110220-110239. [PMID: 37782369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The forecast of clean energy power generation is of major prominence to energy structure adjustment and the realization of sustainable economic development in China. In order to scientifically predict clean energy power generation data, a structure-adaptive nonlinear grey Bernoulli model submitted to the new information priority criterion (abbreviated as IANGBM) is established. Firstly, an improved conformable fractional accumulation operator that conforms to the priority of new information is proposed, which can effectively extract the information from small samples. Then, IANGBM is derived from the Bernoulli differential equation, and the perturbation bound theory proves that this model is suitable for the analysis of small sample data. In addition, the grey wolf optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the model parameters to make the model more adaptable and generalized. To verify the superiority of the model, two cases consisting of wind and nuclear power generation prediction are implemented by comparing eight benchmark models involving IANGBM, GM, FGM, FANGBM, LR, SVM, BPNN, and LSTM. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher prediction accuracy compared to the other seven competing models. Finally, the future nuclear and wind power generation from 2023 to 2030 are predicted by adopting the IANGBM(1,1) model. For the next 8 years, nuclear power generation will maintain stable development, while wind energy power generation will grow rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxin Xiao
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinping Xiao
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Seleem MS, Sameh R, Esily RR, Ibrahiem DM. A closer look at bio-hydrogen strategy in post-carbon age and its prospect in Egypt. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118773. [PMID: 37619386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The necessity of achieving climate goals has become more pressing during the past two years. Discussions on implementing and achieving these goals have taken place in addition to the tightening of the climate targets and the desire for net-zero attainment by as early as 2050. Along with the capacity of biomass to supply the energy needs of society today being quite significant, hydrogen may be the best choice to replace fossil fuels as a clean energy source. Therefore, this study presents a high-level overview of the bio-hydrogen technical pathways, as well as socioeconomic and ecological aspects of bio-hydrogen, and an analysis of the global hydrogen development. A focus on Egypt, as a prominent spot on the global energy map, could instruct other emerging countries and help policymakers of the national hydrogen agenda to prioritize developing a new legal framework to regulate hydrogen production projects, offering financial incentives to energy-intensive companies to switch to using green hydrogen, and providing transparency and certainty regarding future hydrogen demand possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Seleem
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rasha Sameh
- Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Rehab R Esily
- Faculty of Commerce, Damietta University, Damietta, 22052, Egypt; School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100022, China.
| | - Dalia M Ibrahiem
- Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen XH, Tee K, Elnahass M, Ahmed R. Assessing the environmental impacts of renewable energy sources: A case study on air pollution and carbon emissions in China. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118525. [PMID: 37421726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy sources on carbon emissions in the context of China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). The plan emphasises a "Dual-control" strategy of simultaneously setting energy consumption limits and reducing energy intensity for GDP (gross domestic product) in order to meet the targets of the five-year plan. Using a comprehensive dataset of Chinese energy and macroeconomic information spanning from 1990 to 2022, we conduct a Granger causality analysis to explore the relationship between energy sources and the level of air pollution. Our findings reveal a unidirectional link, wherein renewable energy contributes to a reduction in air pollution, while non-renewable energy sources lead to an increase. Despite the government's investment in renewable energy, our results show that China's economy remains heavily reliant on traditional energy sources (e.g., fossil fuels). This research is the first systematic examination of the interplay between energy usage and carbon emissions in the Chinese context. Our findings provide valuable insights for policy and market strategies aimed at promoting carbon neutrality and driving technological advancements in both government and industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwa Elnahass
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle University, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ewias AM, Hakmi SH, Mohamed TH, Mahmoud MM, Eid A, Abdelaziz AY, Dahab YA. Advanced load frequency control of microgrid using a bat algorithm supported by a balloon effect identifier in the presence of photovoltaic power source. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293246. [PMID: 37862365 PMCID: PMC10588904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the unpredictability of the majority of green energy sources (GESs), particularly in microgrids (μGs), frequency deviations are unavoidable. These factors include solar irradiance, wind disturbances, and parametric uncertainty, all of which have a substantial impact on the system's frequency. An adaptive load frequency control (LFC) method for power systems is suggested in this paper to mitigate the aforementioned issues. For engineering challenges, soft computing methods like the bat algorithm (BA), where it proves its effectiveness in different applications, consistently produce positive outcomes, so it is used to address the LFC issue. For online gain tuning, an integral controller using an artificial BA is utilized, and this control method is supported by a modification known as the balloon effect (BE) identifier. Stability and robustness of analysis of the suggested BA+BE scheme is investigated. The system with the proposed adaptive frequency controller is evaluated in the case of step/random load demand. In addition, high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) sources are considered. The standard integral controller and Jaya+BE, two more optimization techniques, have been compared with the suggested BA+BE strategy. According to the results of the MATLAB simulation, the suggested technique (BA+BE) has a significant advantage over other techniques in terms of maintaining frequency stability in the presence of step/random disturbances and PV source. The suggested method successfully keeps the frequency steady over I and Jaya+BE by 61.5% and 31.25%, respectively. In order to validate the MATLAB simulation results, real-time simulation tests are given utilizing a PC and a QUARC pid_e data acquisition card.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Ewias
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Sultan H. Hakmi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Metwally Mahmoud
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Eid
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasser Ahmed Dahab
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, South Valley Branch, Aswan, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ben Cheikh N, Ben Zaied Y. Renewable energy deployment and geopolitical conflicts. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118561. [PMID: 37418924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates whether geopolitical conflicts play a critical role in stimulating countries to shift toward clean energy solutions. We use the panel regime-switching models, which allow us to capture the nonlinear dynamics of the energy transition. Our results for a panel of developed and emerging countries reveal that the geopolitical context does not impact the renewable-income nexus; however, we find that adverse geopolitical events would impact the diffusion of alternative energy sources depending on the level of economic development. Rising geopolitical conflicts would encourage high-income nations to switch toward low-carbon energy sources. Considering the increasing number of regional conflicts, less developed countries must urgently develop their economies away from traditional energy sources and enhance the contribution of the renewable sector.
Collapse
|
43
|
da Rocha H, Caruso P, Pereira J, Serra P, Espirito Santo A. Discussion on Secure Standard Network of Sensors Powered by Microbial Fuel Cells. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8227. [PMID: 37837057 PMCID: PMC10574922 DOI: 10.3390/s23198227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Everyday tasks use sensors to monitor and provide information about processes in different scenarios, such as monitoring devices in manufacturing or homes. Sensors need to communicate, with or without wires, while providing secure information. Power can be derived from various energy sources, such as batteries, electrical power grids, and energy harvesting. Energy harvesting is a promising way to provide a sustainable and renewable source to power sensors by scavenging and converting energy from ambient energy sources. However, low energy is harvested through these methods. Therefore, it is becoming a challenge to design and deploy wireless sensor networks while ensuring the sensors have enough power to perform their tasks and communicate with each other through careful management and optimization, matching energy supply with demand. For this reason, data cryptography and authentication are needed to protect sensor communication. This paper studies how energy harvested with microbial fuel cells can be employed in algorithms used in data protection during sensor communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helbert da Rocha
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.P.); (P.S.); (A.E.S.)
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paolo Caruso
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - João Pereira
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.P.); (P.S.); (A.E.S.)
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Serra
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.P.); (P.S.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Antonio Espirito Santo
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.P.); (P.S.); (A.E.S.)
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guo Q, Khanmohammadi S. Comparison of exergy and exergy economic evaluation of different geothermal cogeneration systems for optimal waste energy recovery. Chemosphere 2023; 339:139586. [PMID: 37516323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Since energy sources are limited, any activity aimed at recycling energy waste or facilitating energy conversion systems is invaluable. Against this background, most scientists focus on the integration of energy systems and the coupling of different technologies. In this study, a variety of power systems are investigated for optimal power conversion configurations of geothermal sources. Three configurations, Organic Rankine Cycle Geothermal Cooling (GPR/ORC), Kalina Cycle Geothermal Cooling (GPR/Kalina), and Rankine Cycle and Feed water Heater (GPR/FWH) Geothermal Cooling, are classified according to exergy and Study energy economic analysis. Calculations show that the GPR/FWH system has the highest net output power of 2963 kW. In addition, the GPR/Kalina system has the lowest output power and lowest energy efficiency among the systems launched. Across the three proposed systems, the fuel cell generates 1254 kW of electricity, while the Kalina cycle in the GPR/Kalina system generates 487 kW. Exergy studies show that the GPR/Kalina and GPR/FWH systems have the lowest and highest irreversibility (3795.4 kW and 4365.56 kW, respectively). Furthermore, the fuel cell was found to have the greatest exergy destruction rate among the three configurations. The results of the economic analysis show that the fuel cell has the highest cost ratio among all designs. In addition, the values of the dissipation factor show that the absorption chiller has the highest dissipation factor value among the three configurations. Furthermore, the comparative parametric analysis provides new aspects to introduce into the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- School of Management, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Shoaib Khanmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Subramaniam Y, Loganathan N, Subramaniam T, Bulut U. The impact of energy security on environmental degradation: new evidence from developing countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:108802-108824. [PMID: 37755592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the energy security and income roles in testing environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for developing countries from 1990 to 2019. The panel quantile regression approaches are employed to examine the relationship between the variables, considering that income and energy security effects on carbon emissions may vary across distributions. Findings revealed that the EKC hypothesis was inconsistent at low and high quantiles when estimating energy availability, affordability, and acceptability. The validity of inverted U-shaped EKC is supported at high quantiles for energy affordability and accessibility in developing countries. However, given the energy accessibility and acceptability, the EKC hypothesis becomes invalid in developing countries. Notably, developing countries have yet to progress toward achieving energy security as a switch component to low carbon emissions. This study contributes to the literature by revealing the effect of availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of energy security on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). Thus, it suggests implications for improving environmental quality in developing countries by enhancing energy security. Diversifying energy sources with nuclear, renewable, and developing technologies reduces dependence risks on a single source while improving efficiency through technology and demand management lowers carbon emissions and strengthens energy security. Beyond energy security, this study emphasises sustainable urban planning to promote compact development, effective transportation, and green infrastructure to reduce energy use and improve environmental sustainability, ultimately reducing carbon emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Umit Bulut
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mastoi MS, Zhuang S, Haris M, Hassan M, Ali A. Large-scale wind power grid integration challenges and their solution: a detailed review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:103424-103462. [PMID: 37697200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite global warming, renewable energy has gained much interest worldwide due to its ability to generate large-scale energy without emitting greenhouse gases. The availability and low cost of wind energy and its high efficiency and technological advancements make it one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Hence, capturing large amounts of wind energy is essential today. The large-scale integration of wind power sources must be evaluated and mitigated to develop a sustainable future power system. Wind energy research and the government are working together to overcome the potential barriers associated with its penetration into the power grid. This paper reviews the social, environmental, and cost-economic impacts of installing large-scale wind energy plants. A valuable review of wind energy technology and its challenges is also presented in this paper, including the effects of wind farms on nearby communities, generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Finally, potential technical challenges to integrating large-scale wind energy into the power grid are reviewed regarding current research and their available mitigation techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Mastoi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengxian Zhuang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Malik Haris
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mannan Hassan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Asif Ali
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Azam T, Alam I, Sarfraz M, Mohsin M. Energizing sustainable development: renewable energy's impact on South Asian environmental quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:109331-109342. [PMID: 37924168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of CO2 emissions, globalization, economic growth, and renewable and non-renewable energies consumption in South Asian countries between 1985 and 2019. We employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method to achieve the purpose of this study. The empirical results of this study indicate that globalization positively impacts CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the study indicates that the consumption of non-renewable energy contributes to environmental pollution. Moreover, the findings support the existence of the EKC hypothesis in these countries. As economic growth increases, environmental degradation will also increase, and vice versa. Environmental degradation, however, decreases as economic growth increases after a certain threshold. For countries to cope with the problem of environmental degradation, the pragmatic results recommend that they promote and subsidize all green energy sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamoor Azam
- School of Management Sciences and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Isbat Alam
- College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Liaoning Province, Huludao, 125105, China
| | - Muddassar Sarfraz
- School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Business, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yao Y, McFadden ME, Luo SM, Barber RW, Kang E, Bar-Zion A, Smith CAB, Jin Z, Legendre M, Ling B, Malounda D, Torres A, Hamza T, Edwards CER, Shapiro MG, Robb MJ. Remote control of mechanochemical reactions under physiological conditions using biocompatible focused ultrasound. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309822120. [PMID: 37725651 PMCID: PMC10523651 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309822120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
External control of chemical reactions in biological settings with spatial and temporal precision is a grand challenge for noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While light is a conventional stimulus for remote chemical activation, its penetration is severely attenuated in tissues, which limits biological applicability. On the other hand, ultrasound is a biocompatible remote energy source that is highly penetrant and offers a wide range of functional tunability. Coupling ultrasound to the activation of specific chemical reactions under physiological conditions, however, remains a challenge. Here, we describe a synergistic platform that couples the selective mechanochemical activation of mechanophore-functionalized polymers with biocompatible focused ultrasound (FUS) by leveraging pressure-sensitive gas vesicles (GVs) as acousto-mechanical transducers. The power of this approach is illustrated through the mechanically triggered release of covalently bound fluorogenic and therapeutic cargo molecules from polymers containing a masked 2-furylcarbinol mechanophore. Molecular release occurs selectively in the presence of GVs upon exposure to FUS under physiological conditions. These results showcase the viability of this system for enabling remote control of specific mechanochemical reactions with spatiotemporal precision in biologically relevant settings and demonstrate the translational potential of polymer mechanochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Yao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Molly E. McFadden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Stella M. Luo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Ross W. Barber
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Elin Kang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Avinoam Bar-Zion
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Cameron A. B. Smith
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Mark Legendre
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Andrea Torres
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Tiba Hamza
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Chelsea E. R. Edwards
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- HHMI, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li B, Du Y, Zhao X, Wu G, Han J, Shen C. Deep hydrocarbon genesis and accumulation model of strike-slip fault reservoirs in the Yuemanxi area of the Tarim Basin. Environ Res 2023; 233:116475. [PMID: 37348636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
As a clean and environmentally friendly energy source, deep oil and gas has always been the focus of the oil and gas industry. The study of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep strike-slip fault zones is a challenging and important area of research in the oil and gas industry. In particular, accurately modeling oil and gas accumulation in the Yuemenxi area of the Tarim Basin presents significant difficulties due to the varying physical properties and gas composition of the Ordovician reservoirs, as well as the complex origin of oil and gas in the area. However, by calculating biomarker parameter maturity on oil samples from strike-slip faults, researchers have discovered that the light oil in the area is sourced from high maturity source rocks in the Later Caledonian, with vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.79% to 1.11%. The complete distribution of n-alkanes and high concentration of low-carbon n-alkanes in the crude oil suggest that the fluid in the reservoir has not undergone any secondary alteration since its initial accumulation. The carbon isotope and component ratio analysis of natural gas in the Yuemanxi area indicates that the Ordovician natural gas is predominantly kerogen cracking gas. Comprehensive hydrocarbon genesis and accumulation conditions, this paper presents a differential accumulation model for the Ordovician reservoirs in the region, which were controlled by strike-slip faults and source rocks. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that there is significant potential for oil and gas exploration and development in the deeper layers of these strike-slip fault zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China; Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Yu Du
- Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Guanghui Wu
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China; Natural Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Jianfa Han
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, China
| | - Chunguang Shen
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jiang C, Storey KB, Yang H, Sun L. Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14093. [PMID: 37762394 PMCID: PMC10531719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aestivation is considered to be one of the "purest" hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and food shortages. However, this shift in body metabolism presents new challenges for survival, including oxidative stress upon awakening from aestivation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, changes in energy sources, adjustments to immune status, muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility, and degeneration of internal organs due to prolonged food deprivation. In this review, we summarize the physiological and metabolic strategies, key regulatory factors, and networks utilized by aestivating animals to address the aforementioned components of aestivation. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in aestivation research across major species, including amphibians, fish, reptiles, annelids, mollusks, and echinoderms, categorized according to their respective evolutionary positions. This approach offers a distinct perspective for comparative analysis, facilitating an understanding of the shared traits and unique features of aestivation across different groups of organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|