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Lennox RJ, Brownscombe JW, Darimont C, Horodysky A, Levi T, Raby GD, Cooke SJ. The roles of humans and apex predators in sustaining ecosystem structure and function: Contrast, complementarity and coexistence. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries at NORCE Norwegian Research Center Bergen Norway
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
| | - Jacob W. Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
| | | | - Andrij Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Graham D. Raby
- Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Proudman NJ, Churski M, Bubnicki JW, Nilsson JÅ, Kuijper DPJ. Red deer allocate vigilance differently in response to spatio-temporal patterns of risk from human hunters and wolves. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextUngulate prey can use increased vigilance to reduce their risk of predation, but little is known of the combined and interactive risk effects from humans and wolves in determining ungulate behaviour across time and space. Understanding the interplay between these risk effects is increasingly important, considering the recolonisation of several large carnivores to more human-dominated landscapes in Europe.
AimThe aim of the present study was to assess the vigilance behaviour expressed by red deer (Cervus elaphus) in response to both humans and wolves in the Polish Białowieża Forest.
MethodsUsing a camera-trap transect, the effect of distance to human settlements, hunting season, patterns of space use by wolves (Canis lupus), canopy openness, canopy height, time of day, as well as sex/age of individuals, on the vigilance behaviour observed in red deer was studied using a model-selection approach.
Key resultsWe did not find a clear effect of patterns of space use by wolves or distance to human settlements on red deer vigilance behaviour at the landscape scale. However, red deer showed increased vigilance during the hunting season and during the day outside of protected areas and reserves, because disturbance from human hunters is highest. Conversely, we also found that red deer were more vigilant at night within more protected areas, which is likely to be explained by the increased activity of wolves because human activity is strictly limited.
ConclusionsOur study showed that vigilance behaviour of red deer in Białowieża Primeval Forest is more driven by human hunting than by the frequency of wolf presence at a landscape scale. This could be explained by the higher temporal and spatial predictability of human hunting activities than wolf risk. We found that patterns of wolf space use, as opposed to the omnipresent fear effects from humans, had only localised effects by increasing vigilance levels during night hours in non-hunting areas of the forest. The reverse was observed outside of protected reserves. Understanding how prey species respond to this new combination of risk from natural predators and humans, is increasingly important in a landscape where human risk is becoming ever more potent and carnivores recolonise.
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Mysterud A, Strand O, Rolandsen CM. Efficacy of recreational hunters and marksmen for host culling to combat chronic wasting disease in reindeer. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo P.O. Box 1066 Blindern NO‐0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Olav Strand
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden NO‐7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Christer M. Rolandsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden NO‐7485 Trondheim Norway
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Monakhov VG. Hunting Selectivity and Its Influence on the Structure of Sable Populations in the Cis-Ural Region. RUSS J ECOL+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413618050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Estimating red deer (Cervus elaphus) population size in the Southern Black Forest: the role of hunting in population control. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Doak P, Carroll CJ, Kielland K. Harvest of female moose at high density: modelling the impacts of harvest on population size and biomass yield. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Krojerová-Prokešová J, Barančeková M, Koubek P. Admixture of Eastern and Western European Red Deer Lineages as a Result of Postglacial Recolonization of the Czech Republic (Central Europe). J Hered 2015; 106:375-85. [PMID: 25918430 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a restriction of the distributional range of European red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) during the Quaternary and subsequent recolonization of Europe from different refugia, a clear phylogeographical pattern in genetic structure has been revealed using mitochondrial DNA markers. In Central Europe, 2 distinct, eastern and western, lineages of European red deer are present; however, admixture between them has not yet been studied in detail. We used mitochondrial DNA (control region and cytochrome b gene) sequences and 22 microsatellite loci from 522 individuals to investigate the genetic diversity of red deer in what might be expected to be an intermediate zone. We discovered a high number of unique mtDNA haplotypes belonging to each lineage and high levels of genetic diversity (cyt b H = 0.867, D-loop H = 0.914). The same structuring of red deer populations was also revealed by microsatellite analysis, with results from both analyses thus suggesting a suture zone between the 2 lineages. Despite the fact that postglacial recolonization of Central Europe by red deer occurred more than 10000 years ago, the degree of admixture between the 2 lineages is relatively small, with only 10.8% admixed individuals detected. Direct translocations of animals by humans have slightly blurred the pattern in this region; however, this blurring was more apparent when using maternally inherited markers than nuclear markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová
- From the Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic (Krojerová-Prokešová, Barančeková and Koubek); and the Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic (Koubek).
| | - Miroslava Barančeková
- From the Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic (Krojerová-Prokešová, Barančeková and Koubek); and the Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic (Koubek)
| | - Petr Koubek
- From the Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic (Krojerová-Prokešová, Barančeková and Koubek); and the Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic (Koubek)
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Hagen R, Kramer-Schadt S, Fahse L, Heurich M. Population control based on abundance estimates: Frequency does not compensate for uncertainty. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Andersen O, Wam HK, Mysterud A, Kaltenborn BP. Applying typology analyses to management issues: Deer harvest and declining hunter numbers. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oddgeir Andersen
- Human Dimension Department; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); Fakkelgården NO-2624 Lillehammer Norway
| | - Hilde K. Wam
- Organic Food and Farming Division; Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research; Gunnarsveg 6 NO-6630 Tingvoll Norway
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Evolutionary and Ecological Synthesis (CEES); University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1066 Blindern NO-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Bjørn P. Kaltenborn
- Human Dimension Department; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA); Fakkelgården NO-2624 Lillehammer Norway
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The role of wildlife in bluetongue virus maintenance in Europe: lessons learned after the natural infection in Spain. Virus Res 2014; 182:50-8. [PMID: 24394295 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is a re-emergent vector-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the genus Orbivirus. A complex multi-host, multi-vector and multi-pathogen (26 serotypes) transmission and maintenance network has recently emerged in Europe, and wild ruminants are regarded as an important node in this network. This review analyses the reservoir role of wild ruminants in Europe, identifying gaps in knowledge and proposing actions. Wild ruminant species are indicators of BTV circulation. Excepting the mouflon (Ovis aries musimon), European wild ungulates do not develop clinical disease. Diagnostic techniques used in wildlife do not differ from those used in domestic ruminants provided they are validated. Demographic, behavioural and physiological traits of wild hosts modulate their relationship with BTV vectors and with the virus itself. While BTV has been eradicated from central and northern Europe, it is still circulating in the Mediterranean Basin. We propose that currently two BTV cycles coexist in certain regions of the Mediterranean Basin, a wild one largely driven by deer of the subfamily Cervinae and a domestic one. These are probably linked through shared Culicoides vectors of several species. We suggest that wildlife might be contributing to this situation through vector maintenance and virus maintenance. Additionally, differences in temperature and other environmental factors add complexity to the Mediterranean habitats as compared to central and northern European ones. Intervention options in wildlife populations are limited. There is a need to know the role of wildlife in maintaining Culicoides populations, and to know which Culicoides species mediate the wildlife-livestock-BTV transmission events. There is also a clear need to study more in depth the links between Cervinae deer densities, environmental factors and BTV maintenance. Regarding disease control, we suggest that research efforts should be focused on wildlife population and wildlife disease monitoring.
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Cid B, Hilker FM, Liz E. Harvest timing and its population dynamic consequences in a discrete single-species model. Math Biosci 2013; 248:78-87. [PMID: 24361496 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The timing of harvesting is a key instrument in managing and exploiting biological populations and renewable resources. Yet, there is little theory on harvest timing, and even less is known about the impact of different harvest times on the stability of population dynamics, even though this may drive population variability and risk of extinction. Here, we employ the framework proposed by Seno to study how harvesting at specific moments in the reproductive season affects not only population size but also stability. For populations with overcompensation, intermediate harvest times tend to be stabilizing (by simplifying dynamics in the case of unimodal maps and by preventing bubbling in the case of bimodal maps). For populations with a strong Allee effect, however, intermediate harvest times can have a twofold effect. On the one hand, they facilitate population persistence (if harvesting effort is low). On the other hand, they provoke population extinction (if harvesting effort is high). Early harvesting, currently considered common sense to take advantage of compensatory effects, may cut into the breeding stock when the population has not yet surpassed the critical Allee threshold. The results in this paper highlight, for the first time, the crucial interplay between harvest timing and Allee effects. Moreover, they demonstrate that harvesting with the same effort but at different moments in time can dramatically alter the impact on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Cid
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Frank M Hilker
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Eduardo Liz
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Hilker FM, Liz E. Harvesting, census timing and “hidden” hydra effects. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cromsigt JP, Kuijper DP, Adam M, Beschta RL, Churski M, Eycott A, Kerley GI, Mysterud A, Schmidt K, West K. Hunting for fear: innovating management of human-wildlife conflicts. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dries P.J. Kuijper
- Polish Academy of Sciences; Mammal Research Institute; ul. Waszkiewicza 1; Białowieża; 17-230; Poland
| | - Marius Adam
- University of Oldenburg; Oldenburg; 26111; Germany
| | - Robert L. Beschta
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; 97333; USA
| | - Marcin Churski
- Polish Academy of Sciences; Mammal Research Institute; ul. Waszkiewicza 1; Białowieża; 17-230; Poland
| | | | | | - Atle Mysterud
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1066 Blindern; Oslo; 0316; Norway
| | - Krzysztof Schmidt
- Polish Academy of Sciences; Mammal Research Institute; ul. Waszkiewicza 1; Białowieża; 17-230; Poland
| | - Kate West
- Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road; Ascot; Berkshire; SL5 7PY; UK
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Skonhoft A, Veiberg V, Gauteplass A, Olaussen JO, Meisingset EL, Mysterud A. Balancing income and cost in red deer management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 115:179-188. [PMID: 23262406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a bioeconomic analysis of a red deer population within a Norwegian institutional context. This population is managed by a well-defined manager, typically consisting of many landowners operating in a cooperative manner, with the goal of maximizing the present-value hunting related income while taking browsing and grazing damages into account. The red deer population is structured in five categories of animals (calves, female and male yearlings, adult females and adult males). It is shown that differences in the per-animal meat values and survival rates ('biological discounted' values) are instrumental in determining the optimal harvest composition. Fertility plays no direct role. It is argued that this is a general result working in stage-structured models with harvest values. In the numerical illustration it is shown that the optimal harvest pattern stays quite stable under various parameter changes. It is revealed which parameters and harvest restrictions that is most important. We also show that the current harvest pattern involves too much yearling harvest compared with the economically efficient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Skonhoft
- Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway.
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Carreón D, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Almazán C, Canales M, Ruiz-Fons F, Boadella M, Moreno-Cid JA, Villar M, Gortázar C, Reglero M, Villarreal R, de la Fuente J. Vaccination with BM86, subolesin and akirin protective antigens for the control of tick infestations in white tailed deer and red deer. Vaccine 2012; 30:273-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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