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Lestingi A. Use of Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) as a Sustainable Alternative in Pork Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2258. [PMID: 37508036 PMCID: PMC10376712 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork production involves several sustainability issues. The recent increase in the natural wild boar population and the possibilities of its breeding to produce meat and for sport hunting have revived attention on this wild species. The most important factors that could account for its expansion and niche invasion are briefly summarized with the scientific opinion on management strategies. The information available to date on the quantitative, nutritional, and sensory characteristics of wild boar meat is reviewed to highlight its potential, if properly managed, as a sustainable option in meat production. This review reports on the opportunity of using wild boar meat in processed products and the need for research on processing qualities and acceptability for different final products. Above all, this review suggests that wild boar can be considered a sustainable alternative to meet the animal protein demand, as it can be established in marginal areas where it is already adapted to the environment, representing an interesting addition to traditional zootechnics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lestingi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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2
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Klich D, Didkowska A, Pyziel-Serafin AM, Perlińska-Teresiak M, Wołoszyn-Gałęza A, Żoch K, Balcerak M, Olech W. Contact between European bison and cattle from the cattle breeders' perspective, in the light of the risk of pathogen transmission. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285245. [PMID: 37134113 PMCID: PMC10155960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals can pose a threat to endangered species, undermine conservation efforts in wildlife, and affect productivity and parasite control in domestic animals. There are several examples of pathogen transmission between European bison and other animals. The present study surveyed breeders from the vicinity of four large wisent populations in eastern Poland about observed contacts between wisent and cattle. Such contacts were noted by 37% of breeders, indicating a significant risk of contact between European bison and cattle in the study areas, even in the areas where the European bison live mainly in a forest complex, i.e., in the Borecka Forest. A higher potential risk of contacts between European bison and cattle was noted in the Białowieska Forest and the Bieszczady Mountains than in the Borecka and Knyszyńska Forests. In the Białowieska Forest, the risk of viral pathogen transmission resulting from contacts is higher (more direct contacts), and in the case of the Bieszczady Mountains, the probability of parasitic diseases is higher. The chance of contacts between European bison and cattle depended on the distance of cattle pastures from human settlements. Moreover, such contact was possible throughout the year, not only in spring and fall. It appears possible to minimize the risk of contacts between wisent and cattle by changing management practices for both species, such as keeping grazing areas as close as possible to settlements, and reducing the time cattle graze on pastures. However, the risk of contact is much greater if European bison populations are large and are dispersed beyond forest complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetic and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Pyziel-Serafin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Perlińska-Teresiak
- Department of Animal Genetic and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Marek Balcerak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetic and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Beaumelle C, Redman E, Verheyden H, Jacquiet P, Bégoc N, Veyssière F, Benabed S, Cargnelutti B, Lourtet B, Poirel MT, de Rijke J, Yannic G, Gilleard JS, Bourgoin G. Generalist nematodes dominate the nemabiome of roe deer in sympatry with sheep at a regional level. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:751-761. [PMID: 36183847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth of livestock farming and the recent expansion of wild ungulate populations in Europe favor opportunities for direct and/or indirect cross-transmission of pathogens. Comparatively few studies have investigated the epidemiology of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites, an ubiquitous and important community of parasites of ungulates, at the wildlife/livestock interface. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of livestock proximity on the gastrointestinal nematode community of roe deer in a rural landscape located in southern France. Using ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding on fecal larvae, we analysed the gastrointestinal nematode communities of roe deer and sheep. In addition, we investigated Haemonchus contortus nad4 mtDNA diversity to specifically test parasite circulation among domestic and wild host populations. The dominant gastrointestinal nematode species found in both the roe deer and sheep were generalist species commonly found in small ruminant livestock (e.g. H. contortus), whereas the more specialised wild cervid nematode species (e.g. Ostertagia leptospicularis) were only present at low frequencies. This is in marked contrast with previous studies that found the nemabiomes of wild cervid populations to be dominated by cervid specialist nematode species. In addition, the lack of genetic structure of the nad4 mtDNA of H. contortus populations between host species suggests circulation of gastrointestinal nematodes between roe deer and sheep. The risk of contact with livestock only has a small influence on the nemabiome of roe deer, suggesting the parasite population of roe deer has been displaced by generalist livestock parasites due to many decades of sheep farming, not only for deer grazing close to pastures, but also at a larger regional scale. We also observed some seasonal variation in the nemabiome composition of roe deer. Overall, our results demonstrate significant exchange of gastrointestinal nematodes between domestic and wild ungulates, with generalist species spilling over from domestic ungulates dominating wild cervid parasite communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Beaumelle
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Elizabeth Redman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program (HPI) University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Verheyden
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, F-31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Philippe Jacquiet
- Université de Toulouse, UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Noémie Bégoc
- Université de Toulouse, UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Veyssière
- Université de Toulouse, UMT Pilotage de la Santé des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Slimania Benabed
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Bruno Cargnelutti
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, F-31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Bruno Lourtet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, F-31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Poirel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jill de Rijke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program (HPI) University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glenn Yannic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John S Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Host-Parasite Interactions Program (HPI) University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Gilles Bourgoin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
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4
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Spatial and temporal variations in interspecific interaction: impact of a recreational landscape. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnthropogenic activities, such as outdoor recreation, have the potential to change complex interactions between wildlife and livestock, with further consequences for the management of both animals, the environment, and disease transmission. We present the interaction amongst wildlife, livestock, and outdoor recreationists as a three-way interaction. Little is known about how recreational activities alter the interaction between herbivores in areas extensively used for recreational purposes. We investigate how hiking activity affects spatio-temporal co-occurrence between domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). We used camera traps to capture the spatio-temporal distribution of red deer and sheep and used the distance from the hiking path as a proxy of hiking activity. We used generalized linear models to investigate the spatial distribution of sheep and deer. We analysed the activity patterns of sheep and deer and then calculated their coefficients of temporal overlap for each camera trap location. We compared these coefficients in relation to the distance from the hiking path. Finally, we used a generalized linear mixed-model to investigate which factors influence the spatio-temporal succession between deer and sheep. We do not find that sheep and red deer spatially avoid each other. The coefficient of temporal overlap varied with distance from the hiking trail, with stronger temporal co-occurrence at greater distances from the hiking trail. Red deer were more likely to be detected further from the path during the day, which increased the temporal overlap with sheep in these areas. This suggests that hiking pressure influences spatio-temporal interactions between sheep and deer, leading to greater temporal overlap in areas further from the hiking path due to red deer spatial avoidance of hikers. This impact of recreationists on the wildlife and livestock interaction can have consequences for the animals’ welfare, the vegetation they graze, their management, and disease transmission.
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Khanyari M, Robinson S, Morgan ER, Brown T, Singh NJ, Salemgareyev A, Zuther S, Kock R, Milner‐Gulland EJ. Building an ecologically founded disease risk prioritization framework for migratory wildlife species based on contact with livestock. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munib Khanyari
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Sciences (ICCS) Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Nature Conservation Foundation Mysore India
| | - Sarah Robinson
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Sciences (ICCS) Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Tony Brown
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | | | - Albert Salemgareyev
- Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan Astana Kazakhstan
| | - Steffen Zuther
- Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan Astana Kazakhstan
- Frankfurt Zoological Society Frankfurt Germany
| | | | - E. J. Milner‐Gulland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Sciences (ICCS) Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
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6
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Shared use of mineral supplement in extensive farming and its potential for infection transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Bacigalupo SA, Dixon LK, Gubbins S, Kucharski AJ, Drewe JA. Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10221. [PMID: 33173619 PMCID: PMC7594637 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are the source of many pathogens of livestock and humans. Concerns about the potential transmission of economically important and zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at the livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge of the types, frequency and duration of contacts between livestock and wildlife is necessary to identify risk factors for disease transmission and to design possible mitigation strategies. Observing the behaviour of many wildlife species is challenging due to their cryptic nature and avoidance of humans, meaning there are relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on the definition of what constitutes a 'contact' between wildlife and livestock is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to investigate which livestock-wildlife contacts have been studied and why, as well as the methods used to observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, of which 122 fulfilled specific criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of studies examined cattle contacts with badgers or with deer; studies involving wild pig contacts with cattle or with domestic pigs were the next most frequent. There was a range of observational methods including motion-activated cameras and global positioning system collars. As a result of the wide variation and lack of consensus in the definitions of direct and indirect contacts, we developed a unified framework to define livestock-wildlife contacts that is sufficiently flexible to be applied to most wildlife and livestock species for non-vector-borne diseases. We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid the development of better disease transmission models and improve the design and effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Kucharski
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Carpio AJ, Apollonio M, Acevedo P. Wild ungulate overabundance in Europe: contexts, causes, monitoring and management recommendations. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Carpio
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda Toledo 12 Ciudad Real13071 Spain
- Department of Zoology University of Cordoba Campus of Rabanales Córdoba14071 Spain
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Via Vienna 2 Sassari07100 Italy
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda Toledo 12 Ciudad Real13071 Spain
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9
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Barone CD, Wit J, Hoberg EP, Gilleard JS, Zarlenga DS. Wild ruminants as reservoirs of domestic livestock gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet Parasitol 2020; 279:109041. [PMID: 32160579 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in cattle cause appetite suppression which leads to poor feed conversion, reduced weight gain and reduced milk production. Overuse and exclusive reliance on anthelmintic drugs has resulted in widespread resistance in many parasitic nematode species infecting livestock making control increasingly difficult. Wild ruminants are competent hosts of a number of nematode species that typically infect and are best adapted for cattle, sheep, and goats. Thus, the potential exists for wild ruminants to act as reservoirs in the translocation of domestic GIN, including those carrying anthelmintic resistance mutations as well as susceptible genotypes. The potential for parasite exchange is heightened by interfaces or ecotones between managed and wild rangelands, and by perturbations linked to climate warming that can increasingly alter the distributions of wild ungulates and their interactions with domestic and free-ranging ruminants. To investigate the extent to which wild ruminants harbour parasites capable of infecting domestic ruminants we first performed an epidemiological study of feces from wildlife hosts that spanned 16 states and included white-tailed deer (85 % of the samples), pronghorn, elk, mule deer, bighorn sheep, moose, cattle, and caribou across the United States. All samples were cultured to third stage larvae and nematode DNA was isolated and PCR amplified. Among the 548 wild ruminant samples received, 33 % (181 samples) were positive for nematode DNA, among which half (84 samples) contained DNA from GIN species commonly found in cattle. DNA from cattle GIN species was detected in 46 % of samples from the Northeast, 42 % from the Southeast, 10 % from the Midwest, 0 % from the Southwest and 11 % from the West. Deep amplicon sequencing of the ITS-2 rDNA indicated that Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus were present in 90 % and 69 % of the nematode DNA positive samples, respectively, whereas Haemonchus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum were present in 26 %, 2 % and 10 % of the samples, respectively. These data clearly show that wild ruminants commonly harbour multiple parasite species whose primary hosts are domestic cattle, and suggest that further work is warranted to investigate their specific roles in the management of anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly D Barone
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1180, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Janneke Wit
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dante S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1180, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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10
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Pruvot M, Musiani M, Boyce MS, Kutz S, Orsel K. Integrating livestock management and telemetry data to assess disease transmission risk between wildlife and livestock. Prev Vet Med 2019; 174:104846. [PMID: 31765959 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Overlap of cattle and wild elk ranges in southwestern Alberta foothills is an opportunity for inter-species interactions. To assess the spatio-temporal patterns of disease transmission risk between cattle and elk, several risk indexes were defined to represent different transmission routes. Risk indexes were estimated by combining elk telemetry data obtained from 168 GPS-collared elk, and cattle management information obtained by interviews conducted in 16 cow-calf operations overlapping the elk home range. We assessed the bias resulting from ignoring cattle movement related to seasonnal grazing practices, and the impact of the assessment of spatio-temporal patterns of risk. Direct transmission risk indexes peaked during winter months, due to aggregation at higher densities of both elk and cattle on winter ranges and winter pastures, respectively. However, a summer peak also was observed when risk indexes were not adjusted for pasture area, due to larger cattle summer pastures overlapping a higher number of elk telemetry locations. We identified periods when the proximity of elk to specific features (such as mineral blocks, hay land, winter-feeding areas, or water sources) may increase the risk of inter-species transmission. Indirect transmission risk indexes increased with the survival of pathogens in the environment, as the temporal constraint for cattle and elk overlap decreased. Finally, integrating pasture management information substantially influenced the magnitude and temporal patterns of transmission risk indexes, highlighting the importance of collecting detailed livestock management data in the context of assessing the risk of inter-species disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pruvot
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
| | - Marco Musiani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mark S Boyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Susan Kutz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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11
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Robertson A, Judge J, Wilson GJ, Vernon IJ, Delahay RJ, McDonald RA. Predicting badger visits to farm yards and making predictions available to farmers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216953. [PMID: 31125349 PMCID: PMC6534311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of agricultural resources or environments by wildlife may result in opportunities for transmission of infections amongst wild animals, livestock and humans. Targeted use of biosecurity measures may therefore reduce disease risks, although this requires practical knowledge of where such measures would be most effective, and effective means of communicating risks so that stakeholders can make informed decisions about such investment. In parts of Europe, the European badger Meles meles may act as a wildlife reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, and badger visits to farmyards may provide potential opportunities for transmission of M. bovis to cattle. Biosecurity measures are effective in reducing badger activity in farmyards, although it is unclear which farms should be targeted with such measures. We used cameras to monitor badger activity in 155 farmyards in south west England and Wales, and related variations in the presence and frequency of badger visits to farm characteristics. Badgers were recorded on camera in 40% of farmyards monitored. However, the frequency of visits was highly variable, with badgers recorded on >50% of nights in only 10% of farms. The presence of badgers in farmyards was positively associated with the density of badger setts, the number of feed stores and the number of cattle sheds, and negatively associated with the distance to the nearest active badger sett, the presence of a house/dwelling and the number of cattle housed on the farm. The frequency of visits was negatively associated with the distance to the nearest active badger sett and the number of cattle housed. Models predicted the presence/absence of badgers in farmyards with 73% accuracy (62% sensitivity, 81% specificity, using a cut off value of 0.265). Models could not distinguish between farms with low/high frequency of visits, although farms predicted as having badgers present typically had a higher frequency of visits than those that were not. We developed and present an interactive web based application: the Badger Farm Assessment Tool (BFAT), to allow users to enter the characteristics of a farm and generate a relative risk score describing the likelihood of badger visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robertson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn United Kingdom
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Nympsfield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Judge
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Nympsfield, United Kingdom
- National Biodiversity Network, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - G. J. Wilson
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Nympsfield, United Kingdom
- Biocensus Limited, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Vernon
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Nympsfield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Delahay
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Nympsfield, United Kingdom
| | - Robbie A. McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn United Kingdom
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12
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Salvador LCM, O'Brien DJ, Cosgrove MK, Stuber TP, Schooley AM, Crispell J, Church SV, Gröhn YT, Robbe-Austerman S, Kao RR. Disease management at the wildlife-livestock interface: Using whole-genome sequencing to study the role of elk in Mycobacterium bovis transmission in Michigan, USA. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2192-2205. [PMID: 30807679 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of wildlife in the persistence and spread of livestock diseases is difficult to quantify and control. These difficulties are exacerbated when several wildlife species are potentially involved. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has experienced an ecological shift in Michigan, with spillover from cattle leading to an endemically infected white-tailed deer (deer) population. It has potentially substantial implications for the health and well-being of both wildlife and livestock and incurs a significant economic cost to industry and government. Deer are known to act as a reservoir of infection, with evidence of M. bovis transmission to sympatric elk and cattle populations. However, the role of elk in the circulation of M. bovis is uncertain; they are few in number, but range further than deer, so may enable long distance spread. Combining Whole Genome Sequences (WGS) for M. bovis isolates from exceptionally well-observed populations of elk, deer and cattle with spatiotemporal locations, we use spatial and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to show strong spatiotemporal admixture of M. bovis isolates. Clustering of bTB in elk and cattle suggests either intraspecies transmission within the two populations, or exposure to a common source. However, there is no support for significant pathogen transfer amongst elk and cattle, and our data are in accordance with existing evidence that interspecies transmission in Michigan is likely only maintained by deer. This study demonstrates the value of whole genome population studies of M. bovis transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface, providing insights into bTB management in an endemic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C M Salvador
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.,Royal (Dick) Veterinary School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Daniel J O'Brien
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Melinda K Cosgrove
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Tod P Stuber
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Angie M Schooley
- Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Division, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Joseph Crispell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven V Church
- Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Division, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yrjö T Gröhn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Suelee Robbe-Austerman
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Rowland R Kao
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Royal (Dick) Veterinary School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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Little RA. Negotiated Management Strategies for Bovine Tuberculosis: Enhancing Risk Mitigation in Michigan and the UK. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:81. [PMID: 30972343 PMCID: PMC6443979 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an epidemiologically, politically, and socially complex disease. Across multiple international contexts, policy makers have struggled to balance the competing demands of wildlife and agricultural interests in their efforts to create workable and effective disease management strategies. This paper draws comparative lessons between the cases of Michigan in the USA and the UK to exemplify some of the challenges of developing an effective strategy for the long-term control of endemic disease, particularly reflecting on efforts to “responsibilise” cattle producers and engage them in proactive activities to mitigate transmission risks on their own farms. Using qualitative data derived from 22 stakeholder interviews, it is argued that the management of bTB in Michigan has important lessons for the UK on the role of human dimensions in influencing the direction of disease control. The management of endemic bTB relies on the actions of individuals to minimise risk and, in contrast to the predominantly voluntary approach pursued in the UK, Michigan has shifted the emphasis towards obtaining producer support for wildlife risk mitigation and biosecurity via a mix of regulatory, fiscal, and social interventions. Whilst the scale of the bTB challenge differs between these two contexts, analysis of the different ideological bases for selecting management approaches offers interesting insights on the role of negotiated outcomes in attempts to adaptively manage a disease that is characterised by complexity and uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Little
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Cosgrove MK, O'Brien DJ, Ramsey DSL. Baiting and Feeding Revisited: Modeling Factors Influencing Transmission of Tuberculosis Among Deer and to Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:306. [PMID: 30564585 PMCID: PMC6288431 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis (bTB) is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Michigan, USA, baiting and feeding of deer continue despite a regulatory ban. Previous modeling suggests aggregation at bait sites slows the rates at which harvest and/or vaccination decrease bTB prevalence, prolongs time to eradication, and increases the likelihood that once eradicated, bTB will re-establish following an incursion. However, the extent to which specific factors such as food density, attractiveness to deer, and persistence on the landscape influence bTB transmission is unknown. We used an individual-based, spatially-explicit stochastic simulation model of bTB in deer and cattle to investigate effects of feed density, attractiveness, and spatial and temporal persistence on bTB prevalence in deer and the probability of breakdowns in adjacent cattle herds. Because hunter harvest remains key to controlling bTB in deer, and harvest rates are in long term decline, we modeled these feeding-associated factors at harvest rates prevailing both when the model was developed (2003-2007) and in 2018. Food placement at randomized locations vs. fixed sites had little effect on bTB prevalence in deer, whereas increasing the probability that deer move to food piles (attractiveness) had the greatest effect of factors studied on both prevalence and herd breakdowns. Reducing food pile density reduced prevalence, but decreased herd breakdowns only modestly. Consistent availability of food over longer periods of time, as would occur with supplemental winter feeding or persistent recreational feeding, increased both prevalence in deer and cattle herd breakdowns dramatically. Though perhaps implausible to the public, altering how bait and feed for deer are used can reduce cattle herd breakdowns. Baiting and feeding bans have contributed to declining bTB prevalence, but non-compliance and continued legal sales of feed impede eradication. Requiring hunters to move food piles is unlikely to mitigate effects on transmission and is not a useful management tool. Compared to baiting, winter supplemental feeding or extended recreational feeding is likely to magnify bTB transmission by prolonging temporal availability. Because attractiveness of feed is influenced both by type of feed and deer behavior, research to quantify factors influencing deer movement to food should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda K. Cosgrove
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel J. O'Brien
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - David S. L. Ramsey
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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15
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VerCauteren KC, Lavelle MJ, Campa H. Persistent Spillback of Bovine Tuberculosis From White-Tailed Deer to Cattle in Michigan, USA: Status, Strategies, and Needs. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:301. [PMID: 30555834 PMCID: PMC6281989 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are believed to be a self-sustaining reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in northeastern Lower Michigan, USA. Although a comprehensive control program is in place and on-farm mitigation strategies to curtail bTB transmission between cattle and deer have been implemented for over a decade, cattle and deer continue to become infected with the disease. Thus, renewed motivation to eradicate bTB is needed if that is truly the goal. Recurrent detection of bTB in cattle in the region is of mounting concern for state and federal agricultural agencies, producers, and wildlife managers. Current on-farm mitigation efforts include fencing and refined cattle feeding and watering practices. Liberal removal of antlerless deer through hunter harvest and disease control permits (DCPs) issued to cattle producers and agency sharp shooters have also been ongoing. Although these strategies have merit and efforts to reduce prevalence in deer and occurrence of positive farms are elevated, additional actions are needed. Heightened management actions to combat bTB in deer could include deer vaccination programs, strategic habitat manipulations to redistribute deer from farms, and precision removal of deer in proximity to high-risk farms. Foundational research to address development and delivery of vaccine to free-ranging deer is complete. Strategic management and habitat manipulation could reduce and disperse local concentrations of deer while better meeting wildlife, forestry, and agricultural goals. The responses of local deer populations to targeted removal of individuals are generally understood and there is potential to reduce deer activity around agricultural operations while allowing them to persist nearby on natural foods. We summarize the history and progress to date, discuss the realized merit of novel management strategies, and suggest options to rid deer and cattle in Michigan of bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt C VerCauteren
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services. Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Michael J Lavelle
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services. Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Henry Campa
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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16
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Charro JL, López-Sánchez A, Perea R. Traditional cattle vs. introduced deer management in Chaco Serrano woodlands (Argentina): Analysis of environmental sustainability at increasing densities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:642-649. [PMID: 29132087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wild ungulate populations have increased and expanded considerably in many regions, including austral woodlands and forests where deer (Cervus elaphus) have been introduced as an alternative management to traditional cattle grazing. In this study, we compared traditional cattle with introduced deer management at increasing deer densities in the "Chaco Serrano" woodlands of Argentina to assess their ecological sustainability. We used three ecological indicators (abundance of tree regeneration, woody plant diversity and browsing damage) as proxies for environmental sustainability in woody systems. Our results indicate that traditional cattle management, at stocking rates of ∼10 ind km-2, was the most ecologically sustainable management since it allowed greater tree regeneration abundance, higher richness of woody species and lower browsing damage. Importantly, cattle management and deer management at low densities (10 ind km-2) showed no significant differences in species richness and abundance of seedlings, although deer caused greater browsing damage on saplings and juveniles. However, management regimes involving high deer densities (∼35 deer km2) was highly unsustainable in comparison to low (∼10 deer km-2) and medium (∼20 deer km-2) densities, with 40% probability of unsustainable browsing as opposed to less than 5% probability at low and medium densities. In addition, high deer densities caused a strong reduction in tree regeneration, with a 19-30% reduction in the abundance of seedlings and young trees when compared to low deer densities. These results showed that the effect of increasing deer densities on woody plant conservation was not linear, with high deer densities causing a disproportional deleterious effect on tree regeneration and sustainable browsing. Our results suggest that traditional management at low densities or the use of introduced ungulates (deer breeding areas) at low-medium densities (<20 deer km-2) are compatible with woody vegetation conservation. However, further research is needed on plant palatability, animal habitat use (spatial heterogeneity) and species turnover and extinction (comparison to areas of low-null historical browsing) to better estimate environmental sustainability of Neotropical ungulate-dominated woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Charro
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida López-Sánchez
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Perea
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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17
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Berentsen AR, Patrick EM, Blass C, Wehner K, Dunlap B, Hicks B, Hale R, Chipman RB, Vercauteren KC. Seroconversion of raccoons following two oral rabies vaccination baiting strategies. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Are R. Berentsen
- USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center4101 LaPorte Ave.Ft. CollinsCO 80521USA
| | - Erin M. Patrick
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services4708 Western Ave.Suite A, KnoxvilleTN 37921USA
| | - Chad Blass
- USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center4101 LaPorte Ave.Ft. CollinsCO 80521USA
| | - Keith Wehner
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services537 Myatt Dr.MadisonTN 37115USA
| | - Brett Dunlap
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services537 Myatt Dr.MadisonTN 37115USA
| | - Bradley Hicks
- USDA/APHIS/WS/National Rabies Management Program1100 W. 49th St.AustinTX 78756USA
| | - Robert Hale
- USDA/APHIS/WS/National Rabies Management Program4469 Professional PkwyGroveportOH 43125USA
| | - Richard B. Chipman
- USDA/APHIS/WS/National Rabies Management Program59 Chenell Dr., Suite 2ConcordNHUSA
| | - Kurt C. Vercauteren
- USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center4101 LaPorte Ave.Ft. CollinsCO 80521USA
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Payne A, Philipon S, Hars J, Dufour B, Gilot-Fromont E. Wildlife Interactions on Baited Places and Waterholes in a French Area Infected by Bovine Tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2017; 3:122. [PMID: 28138439 PMCID: PMC5237639 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions among wildlife species are major drivers for the transmission of multi-host pathogens, such as Mycobacterium bovis, which also affect livestock. Although France is officially free from bovine tuberculosis (bTB), some areas are still harboring infection in cattle and wildlife. We aimed at characterizing the visits of susceptible wild species (badger, red deer, and wild boar) at baited places and waterholes, considered as possible hotspots for contacts. We described the visits in terms of frequency, duration, and number of individuals and studied the influence of the season. Then, we estimated the frequency of intraspecies and interspecies interactions occurring at baited places and waterholes which may lead to bTB transmission, including direct and indirect contacts through the soil or water. We used camera traps placed on baited places and waterholes on 13 locations monitored during 21 months. The number of visits, their duration, and the number of individuals per visit were analyzed by generalized linear mixed models for each targeted species. The frequency of the interspecies and intraspecies interactions was also analyzed separately. The season, the type of site (baited place or waterhole), and the location were the explanatory variables. Badgers' visits and interactions were more frequent than for other species (mean: 0.60 visit/day and 5.42 interactions/day) especially on baited places. Red deer only visited waterholes. Wild boars visited most often baited places in spring-summer and waterholes in autumn-winter. They came in higher number than other species, especially on baited places. Direct interactions were uncommon. The most frequent interspecies interactions occurred between red deer and wild boar (mean: 4.02 interactions/day). Baited places and waterholes are important interfaces between the different wild species involved in the bTB multi-host system in this area. They can thus promote intraspecies and interspecies bTB transmission. Baiting ban should be carried on and management of waterholes should be considered as tool to limit the spread of bTB in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Payne
- INRA, Agroecology UMR 1347, Dijon, France; French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Studies and Research Department, Wildlife Disease Unit, Gières, France
| | - Sixtine Philipon
- Alfort National Veterinary School (ENVA), Epidemiology Unit EPIMAI , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Jean Hars
- French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Studies and Research Department, Wildlife Disease Unit , Gières , France
| | - Barbara Dufour
- Alfort National Veterinary School (ENVA), Epidemiology Unit EPIMAI , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Lyon 1 University, CNRS, UMR 5558 LBBE, Villeurbanne, France; VetAgro-Sup, MIPIE, Veterinary Public Health Unit, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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19
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Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA. Prev Vet Med 2016; 135:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Ramsey DSL, O'Brien DJ, Smith RW, Cosgrove MK, Schmitt SM, Rudolph BA. Management of on-farm risk to livestock from bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA, white-tailed deer: Predictions from a spatially-explicit stochastic model. Prev Vet Med 2016; 134:26-38. [PMID: 27836043 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, from cattle in many locations worldwide is complicated by endemic foci of the disease in free-ranging wildlife. Recent simulation modeling of the bTB outbreak in white-tailed deer (WTD) in Michigan, USA, suggests current management is unlikely to eradicate bTB from the core outbreak area (DMU 452) within the next three decades. However, some level of control short of eradication might sufficiently reduce transmission from deer to cattle to a point at which the negative effects of bTB on the cattle industry could be reduced or eliminated, while minimizing the negative consequences of reducing deer numbers. We extended our existing spatially-explicit, individual-based stochastic simulation model of bTB transmission in WTD to incorporate transmission to cattle, to characterize the effects of vaccination and increased harvest of WTD on cattle herd breakdown rates, to examine the effects of localized culling or vaccination of WTD in the vicinity of cattle farms, to assess the effects of concurrent deer baiting, and to determine the effect of progressive restriction of deer/cattle contact on herd breakdowns. A spatially-explicit "cattle layer" was constructed describing the spatial locations, farm size and cattle density of all farms within and directly adjacent to DMU452. Increased hunter harvest or vaccination of deer, or a combination, would likely decrease the number of cattle herd breakdowns to <1 per year in less than 15 years. Concurrent deer baiting variably increased the time necessary to achieve zero breakdowns. The prevalence of bTB in deer needed to fall below ∼0.5% before ≤1 herd breakdown per year could be expected, and below 0.1% before zero breakdowns were likely. Locally applied post-harvest deer culling or vaccination also rapidly reduced herd breakdowns. On farm biosecurity measures needed to reduce deer to cattle contact by >95% in order to reliably reduce herd breakdowns, and did not achieve zero breakdowns in the absence of other deer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S L Ramsey
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Daniel J O'Brien
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 250, Lansing, MI 48910-8106, USA.
| | - Rick W Smith
- Animal Industry Division, Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Constitution Hall, 525 W. Allegan Street, Lansing, MI 48909, USA
| | - Melinda K Cosgrove
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 250, Lansing, MI 48910-8106, USA
| | - Stephen M Schmitt
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 4125 Beaumont Road, Room 250, Lansing, MI 48910-8106, USA
| | - Brent A Rudolph
- Rose Lake Wildlife Research Center, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 8562 E. Stoll Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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Ribeiro-Lima J, Carstensen M, Cornicelli L, Forester JD, Wells SJ. Patterns of Cattle Farm Visitation by White-Tailed Deer in Relation to Risk of Disease Transmission in a Previously Infected Area with Bovine Tuberculosis in Minnesota, USA. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1519-1529. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ribeiro-Lima
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
| | - M. Carstensen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; St. Paul MN USA
| | - L. Cornicelli
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; St. Paul MN USA
- Department of Fisheries; Wildlife; and Conservation Biology; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
| | - J. D. Forester
- Department of Fisheries; Wildlife; and Conservation Biology; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
| | - S. J. Wells
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
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22
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Carrasco-Garcia R, Barasona JA, Gortazar C, Montoro V, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, Vicente J. Wildlife and livestock use of extensive farm resources in South Central Spain: implications for disease transmission. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Payne A, Chappa S, Hars J, Dufour B, Gilot-Fromont E. Wildlife visits to farm facilities assessed by camera traps in a bovine tuberculosis-infected area in France. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Lavelle MJ, Henry CI, LeDoux K, Ryan PJ, Fischer JW, Pepin KM, Blass CR, Glow MP, Hygnstrom SE, VerCauteren KC. Deer response to exclusion from stored cattle feed in Michigan, USA. Prev Vet Med 2015; 121:159-64. [PMID: 26130505 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disease and damage from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) continually threaten the livelihood of agricultural producers and the economy in the United States, as well as challenge state and federal wildlife managers. Threats can be partially addressed by excluding free-ranging deer from livestock-related resources. Throughout the year, use of stored livestock feed by deer in northern Lower Michigan (MI), USA fluctuates, though their presence is relatively consistent. Since 2008, use of livestock areas and resources by deer has been reduced through intensive efforts by livestock producers in cooperation with state and federal agencies. These efforts focused on excluding deer from stored cattle feed in areas where deer were abundant. We monitored deer activity from Jan 2012 to June 2013 on 6 cattle farms in northern MI using GPS collars to evaluate behavioral effects of excluding deer from stored feed. We characterized areas deer occupied before and after installing 2361 m of fences and gates to exclude deer from stored cattle feed. Following fence installation, 9 deer previously accessing stored feed shifted to patterns of habitat use similar to 5 deer that did not use stored feed. However, continued attempts to regain access to stored feed were made at low frequencies, emphasizing the need to maintain the integrity of fences and keep gates closed for damage prevention and biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lavelle
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA.
| | - Campa Iii Henry
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kyle LeDoux
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Patrick J Ryan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 1865 O'Rourke Boulevard, Gaylord, MI 49735, USA
| | - Justin W Fischer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA
| | - Kim M Pepin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA
| | - Chad R Blass
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA
| | - Michael P Glow
- College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA
| | - Scott E Hygnstrom
- College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA
| | - Kurt C VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA
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25
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Kitts-Morgan SE, Carleton RE, Barrow SL, Hilburn KA, Kyle AK. Wildlife Visitation on a Multi-Unit Educational Livestock Facility in Northwestern Georgia. SOUTHEAST NAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/058.014.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Walter WD, Smith R, Vanderklok M, VerCauteren KC. Linking bovine tuberculosis on cattle farms to white-tailed deer and environmental variables using Bayesian hierarchical analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90925. [PMID: 24595231 PMCID: PMC3940957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis in livestock and wildlife with hosts that include Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Risk-assessment efforts in Michigan have been initiated on farms to minimize interactions of cattle with wildlife hosts but research on M. bovis on cattle farms has not investigated the spatial context of disease epidemiology. To incorporate spatially explicit data, initial likelihood of infection probabilities for cattle farms tested for M. bovis, prevalence of M. bovis in white-tailed deer, deer density, and environmental variables for each farm were modeled in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. We used geo-referenced locations of 762 cattle farms that have been tested for M. bovis, white-tailed deer prevalence, and several environmental variables that may lead to long-term survival and viability of M. bovis on farms and surrounding habitats (i.e., soil type, habitat type). Bayesian hierarchical analyses identified deer prevalence and proportion of sandy soil within our sampling grid as the most supported model. Analysis of cattle farms tested for M. bovis identified that for every 1% increase in sandy soil resulted in an increase in odds of infection by 4%. Our analysis revealed that the influence of prevalence of M. bovis in white-tailed deer was still a concern even after considerable efforts to prevent cattle interactions with white-tailed deer through on-farm mitigation and reduction in the deer population. Cattle farms test positive for M. bovis annually in our study area suggesting that the potential for an environmental source either on farms or in the surrounding landscape may contributing to new or re-infections with M. bovis. Our research provides an initial assessment of potential environmental factors that could be incorporated into additional modeling efforts as more knowledge of deer herd factors and cattle farm prevalence is documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. David Walter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rick Smith
- Animal Industry Division, Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mike Vanderklok
- Animal Industry Division, Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kurt C. VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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