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Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Cai K, Xu B. A review of hazards in meat products: Multiple pathways, hazards and mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Food Chem 2024; 445:138718. [PMID: 38364501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are stable carcinogens that are widely distributed in the environment and food, and humans are exposed to PAHs primarily through the respiratory tracts, dermal contact, and dietary intake. Meat products are an essential part of the human diet, and the formation of PAHs during meat processing is unavoidable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of PAHs in meat products can be a contribution to the minimization of human exposure dose. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the toxicological analysis of PAHs intake and the various production pathways. The distribution of different PAHs in various meat products, including poultry and aquatic products, is analyzed. The discussion focuses on controlling PAHs through the use of endogenous marinades and antioxidants as well as reducing exogenous particulate matter-PAHs attachment. In addition, potential strategies for PAHs reduction and possible directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Kezhou Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Baocai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Yang S, Yin Y, Zhang W, Li H, Wang X, Chen R. Advances in understanding bioaerosol release characteristics and potential hazards during aerobic composting. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171796. [PMID: 38513848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosol emissions and their associated risks are attracting increasing attention. Bioaerosols are generated during the pretreatment, fermentation, and screening of mature compost when processing various types of solid waste at composting plants (e.g., municipal sludge and animal manure). In this review, we summarize research into bioaerosols at different types of composting plants by focusing on the methods used for sampling bioaerosols, stages when emissions potentially occur, major components of bioaerosols, survival and diffusion factors, and possible control strategies. The six-stage Andersen impactor is the main method used for sampling bioaerosols in composting plants. In addition, different composting management methods mainly affect bioaerosol emissions from composting plants. Studies of the components of bioaerosols produced by composting plants mainly focused on bacteria and fungi, whereas few considered others such as endotoxin. The survival and diffusion of bioaerosols are influenced by seasonal effects due to changes in environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity. Finally, three potential strategies have been proposed for controlling bioaerosols in composting plants. Improved policies are required for regulating bioaerosol emissions, as well as bioaerosol concentration diffusion models and measures to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Wenrong Zhang
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
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Su X, Narayanan M, Shi X, Chen X, Li Z, Ma Y. Mitigating heavy metal accumulation in tobacco: Strategies, mechanisms, and global initiatives. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172128. [PMID: 38565350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The threat of heavy metal (HM) pollution looms large over plant growth and human health, with tobacco emerging as a highly vulnerable plant due to its exceptional absorption capacity. The widespread cultivation of tobacco intensifies these concerns, posing increased risks to human health as HMs become more pervasive in tobacco-growing soils globally. The absorption of these metals not only impedes tobacco growth and quality but also amplifies health hazards through smoking. Implementing proactive strategies to minimize HM absorption in tobacco is of paramount importance. Various approaches, encompassing chemical immobilization, transgenic modification, agronomic adjustments, and microbial interventions, have proven effective in curbing HM accumulation and mitigating associated adverse effects. However, a comprehensive review elucidating these control strategies and their mechanisms remains notably absent. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining the deleterious effects of HM exposure on tobacco plants and human health through tobacco consumption. Additionally, it provides a thorough exploration of the mechanisms responsible for reducing HM content in tobacco. The review consolidates and synthesizes recent domestic and international initiatives aimed at mitigating HM content in tobacco, delivering a comprehensive overview of their current status, benefits, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Liu Q, Chen Q, Liu H, Du Y, Jiao W, Sun F, Fu M. Rhizopus stolonifer and related control strategies in postharvest fruit: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29522. [PMID: 38644815 PMCID: PMC11031825 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus stolonifer is one of the main pathogens in postharvest storage logistics of more than 100 kinds of fruit, such as strawberries, tomatoes and melons. In this paper, the research on the morphology and detection, pathogenicity and infection mechanism of Rhizopus stolonifer was reviewed. The control methods of Rhizopus stolonifer in recent years was summarized from three dimensions of physics, chemistry and biology, including the nanomaterials, biological metabolites, light control bacteria, etc. Future direction of postharvest Rhizopus stolonifer infection control was analyzed from two aspects of pathogenic mechanism research and new composite technology. The information provided in this review will help researchers and technicians to deepen their understanding of the pathogenicity of Rhizopus stolonifer, and develop more effective control methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Hu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yamin Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Fei Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
| | - Maorun Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, PR China
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Pallari CT, Achilleos S, Quattrocchi A, Gabel J, Critselis E, Athanasiadou M, Rahmanian Haghighi MR, Papatheodorou S, Liu T, Artemiou A, Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Bennett CM, Zimmermann C, Schernhammer E, Bustos Sierra N, Ekelson R, Lobato J, Macedo L, Mortensen LH, Critchley J, Goldsmith L, Denissov G, Le Meur N, Kandelaki L, Athanasakis K, Binyaminy B, Maor T, Stracci F, Ambrosio G, Davletov K, Glushkova N, Martial C, Chan Sun M, Hagen TP, Chong M, Barron M, Łyszczarz B, Erzen I, Arcos Gonzalez P, Burström B, Pidmurniak N, Verstiuk O, Huang Q, Polemitis A, Charalambous A, Demetriou CA. Magnitude and determinants of excess total, age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality in 24 countries worldwide during 2020 and 2021: results on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the C-MOR project. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013018. [PMID: 38637119 PMCID: PMC11029481 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, we estimated excess all-cause mortality in 24 countries for 2020 and 2021, overall and stratified by sex and age. METHODS Total, age-specific and sex-specific weekly all-cause mortality was collected for 2015-2021 and excess mortality for 2020 and 2021 was calculated by comparing weekly 2020 and 2021 age-standardised mortality rates against expected mortality, estimated based on historical data (2015-2019), accounting for seasonality, and long-term and short-term trends. Age-specific weekly excess mortality was similarly calculated using crude mortality rates. The association of country and pandemic-related variables with excess mortality was investigated using simple and multilevel regression models. RESULTS Excess cumulative mortality for both 2020 and 2021 was found in Austria, Brazil, Belgium, Cyprus, England and Wales, Estonia, France, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mauritius, Northern Ireland, Norway, Peru, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, and the USA. Australia and Denmark experienced excess mortality only in 2021. Mauritius demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in all-cause mortality during both years. Weekly incidence of COVID-19 was significantly positively associated with excess mortality for both years, but the positive association was attenuated in 2021 as percentage of the population fully vaccinated increased. Stringency index of control measures was positively and negatively associated with excess mortality in 2020 and 2021, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of substantial excess mortality in most countries investigated during the first 2 years of the pandemic and suggests that COVID-19 incidence, stringency of control measures and vaccination rates interacted in determining the magnitude of excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryso Th Pallari
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Souzana Achilleos
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Annalisa Quattrocchi
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - John Gabel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Critselis
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Athanasiadou
- Health Monitoring Unit, Government of the Republic of Cyprus Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Stefania Papatheodorou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Artemiou
- School of Information Technologies, University of Limassol, Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Catherine M Bennett
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Zimmermann
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Reindert Ekelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jackeline Lobato
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Collective Health (ISC), Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Laylla Macedo
- Institute of Studies in Collective Health (IESC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Critchley
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Goldsmith
- Division of Health Services Research and Management, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, University of London, City, London, UK
| | - Gleb Denissov
- Department of Registries, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Nolwenn Le Meur
- UMR CNRS 6051 - INSERM U1309, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Rennes, France
| | - Levan Kandelaki
- Department of Medical Statistics, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Kostas Athanasakis
- Laboratory for Health Technology Assessment, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Binyamin Binyaminy
- Israeli Center of Disease Control, State of Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Maor
- Israeli Center of Disease Control, State of Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Department of Medicine, Public Health Section, University of Perugia, School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Department of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kairat Davletov
- Rector Administration, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nataliya Glushkova
- Department of Epidemiology, Evidence-Based Medicine and Biostatistics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Cyndy Martial
- Department of Medicine, University of Mauritius Faculty of Science, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Marie Chan Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Mauritius Faculty of Science, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Terje P Hagen
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario Chong
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad del Pacifico, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel Barron
- Departamento de Economia, Universidad del Pacifico, Lima, Peru
| | - Błażej Łyszczarz
- Department of Health Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ivan Erzen
- Public Health School, National Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pedro Arcos Gonzalez
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nataliia Pidmurniak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olesia Verstiuk
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qian Huang
- Center for Rural Health Research, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Christiana A Demetriou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Yao C, Wang B, Zhang J, Faheem M, Feng Q, Hassan M, Zhang X, Lee X, Wang S. Formation mechanisms and degradation methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar: A review. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120610. [PMID: 38581889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely used in soil amendment and environmental remediation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could be produced in preparation of biochar, which may pose potential risks to the environment and human health. At present, most studies focus on the ecotoxicity potential of biochar, while there are few systematic reviews on the formation mechanisms and mitigation strategies of PAHs in biochar. Therefore, a systematical understanding of the distribution, formation mechanisms, risk assessment, and degradation approaches of PAHs in biochar is highly needed. In this paper, the distribution and content of the total and bioavailable PAHs in biochar are reviewed. Then the formation mechanisms, influencing factors, and potential risk assessment of PAHs in biochar are systematically explored. After that, the effective strategies to alleviate PAHs in biochar are summarized. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future studies are proposed. This review provides a guide for reducing the formation of biochar-associated PAHs and their toxicity, which is beneficial for the development and large-scale safe use of environmentally friendly biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canxu Yao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environment Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Masud Hassan
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550081, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, China
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Bamorovat M, Sharifi I, Khosravi A, Aflatoonian MR, Agha Kuchak Afshari S, Salarkia E, Sharifi F, Aflatoonian B, Gharachorloo F, Khamesipour A, Mohebali M, Zamani O, Shirzadi MR, Gouya MM. Global Dilemma and Needs Assessment Toward Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Controlling Leishmaniasis. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:22-34. [PMID: 38466368 PMCID: PMC11043315 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease of poverty that imposes a devastating medical, social, and economic burden on over 1 billion people nationwide. To date, no in-depth study to analyze the major global challenges and needs assessment has been carried out. This investigation aimed to explore a comprehensive narrative review of leishmaniasis's main challenges and initially highlight obstacles that might impede the implementation of control measures. Also, we propose a specific list of priorities for needs assessment. The presence of socioeconomic factors, multiple clinical and epidemiological forms, various Leishmania species, the complexity of the life cycle, the absence of effective drugs and vaccines, and the lack of efficient vector and reservoir control make this organism unique and sophisticated in playing a tangled role to react tricky with its surrounding environments, despite extensive efforts and implementation of all-inclusive former control measures. These facts indicate that the previous strategic plans, financial support, and basic infrastructures connected to leishmaniasis surveillance are still insufficient. Strengthening the leishmaniasis framework in a context of accelerated programmatic action and intensification of cross-cutting activities along with other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is confidently expected to result in greater effectiveness, cost-benefit, and fruitful management. Sensitive diagnostics, effective therapeutics, and efficacious vaccines are vital to accelerating advancement toward elimination, and reducing morbidity/mortality and program costs. Collective actions devoted by all sectors and policy-makers can hopefully overcome technical and operational barriers to guarantee that effective and coordinated implementation plans are sustained to meet the road map for NTDs 2021- 2030 goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bamorovat
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Khosravi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Ehsan Salarkia
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Behnaz Aflatoonian
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faranak Gharachorloo
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Zamani
- Universal Health Coverage for Communicable Diseases (UHC: CD), World Health Organization, Country Office, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Gouya
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Allel K, Hernández-Leal MJ, Naylor NR, Undurraga EA, Abou Jaoude GJ, Bhandari P, Flanagan E, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Pouwels KB, Yakob L. Costs-effectiveness and cost components of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions affecting antibiotic resistance outcomes in hospital patients: a systematic literature review. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013205. [PMID: 38423548 PMCID: PMC10910705 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited information on costs and the cost-effectiveness of hospital interventions to reduce antibiotic resistance (ABR) hinder efficient resource allocation. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review for studies evaluating the costs and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions aimed at reducing, monitoring and controlling ABR in patients. Articles published until 12 December 2023 were explored using EconLit, EMBASE and PubMed. We focused on critical or high-priority bacteria, as defined by the WHO, and intervention costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we extracted unit costs, ICERs and essential study information including country, intervention, bacteria-drug combination, discount rates, type of model and outcomes. Costs were reported in 2022 US dollars ($), adopting the healthcare system perspective. Country willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds from Woods et al 2016 guided cost-effectiveness assessments. We assessed the studies reporting checklist using Drummond's method. RESULTS Among 20 958 articles, 59 (32 pharmaceutical and 27 non-pharmaceutical interventions) met the inclusion criteria. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as hygiene measures, had unit costs as low as $1 per patient, contrasting with generally higher pharmaceutical intervention costs. Several studies found that linezolid-based treatments for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were cost-effective compared with vancomycin (ICER up to $21 488 per treatment success, all 16 studies' ICERs CONCLUSION Robust information on ABR interventions is critical for efficient resource allocation. We highlight cost-effective strategies for mitigating ABR in hospitals, emphasising substantial knowledge gaps, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Our study serves as a resource for guiding future cost-effectiveness study design and analyses.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020341827 and CRD42022340064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Allel
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - María José Hernández-Leal
- Department of Community, Maternity and Paediatric Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nichola R Naylor
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU & Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Eduardo A Undurraga
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Priyanka Bhandari
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ellen Flanagan
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Koen B Pouwels
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laith Yakob
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Samhouri D, Aynsley TR, Hanna P, Frost M, Houssiere V. Risk communication and community engagement capacity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a call for action. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 7:e008652. [PMID: 38423542 PMCID: PMC10910584 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Samhouri
- WHO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Health Emergencies Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tara Rose Aynsley
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peggy Hanna
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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Bisanzio D, Keita MS, Camara A, Guilavogui T, Diallo T, Barry H, Preston A, Bangoura L, Mbounga E, Florey LS, Taton JL, Fofana A, Reithinger R. Malaria trends in districts that were targeted and not-targeted for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children under 5 years of age in Guinea, 2014-2021. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013898. [PMID: 38413098 PMCID: PMC10900330 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3-59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission. OBJECTIVE We assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea's context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC. METHODS Using routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence. RESULTS The CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=-7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=-3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=-22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=-5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age. CONCLUSION Even in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal Bisanzio
- RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Alioune Camara
- Programme National de la Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | | | | | | | - Lamine Bangoura
- President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Eliane Mbounga
- President's Malaria Initiative, US Agency for International Development, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Lia S Florey
- US Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Drope J, Birckmayer J, Drope J. Addressing health tax strategy at the country level. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e014362. [PMID: 38084486 PMCID: PMC10711812 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey Drope
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lee CS, Abd Shukor SR. Controller Design and Stability Analysis of Intensification Process using Analytical Exact Gain-Phase Margin approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:124790-124805. [PMID: 36961637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The controllable intensified process has received immense attention from researchers in order to deliver the benefit of process intensification to be operated in a desired way to provide a more sustainable process toward reduction of environmental impact and improvement of intrinsic safety and process efficiency. Despite numerous studies on gain and phase margin approach on conventional process systems, it is yet to be tested on intensified systems as evidenced by the lack of available literature, to improve the controller performance and robustness. Thus, this paper proposed the exact gain and phase margin (EGPM) through analytical method to develop suitable controller design for intensified system using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller formulation, and it was compared to conventional Direct Synthesis methods (DS), Internal Model Control (IMC), and Industrial IMC method in terms of the performance and stability analysis. Simulation results showed that EGPM method provides good setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection as compared to DS, IMC, and Industrial IMC while retaining overall performance stability as time delay increases. The Bode Stability Criterion was used to determine the stability of the open-loop transfer function of each method and the result demonstrated decrease in stability as time delay increases for controllers designed using DS, IMC, and Industrial IMC, and hence control performance degrades. However, the proposed EGPM controller maintains the overall robustness and control performance throughout the increase of time delay and outperform other controller design methods at higher time delay with [Formula: see text] uncertainty test. Additionally, the proposed EGPM controller design method provides overall superior control performance with lower overshoot and shorter rise time compared to other controllers when process time constant is smaller in magnitude ([Formula: see text]) than the instrumentation element, which is one of the major concerns during the design of intensified controllers, resulting overall system with a higher order. The desired selection of gain margin and phase margin were suggested at 2.5 to 4 and 60 °-70 [Formula: see text], respectively, for a wide range of control conditions for intensified processes where higher instrumentation dynamic would be possible to achieve robust control as well. The proposed EGPM method controller is thought to be a more reliable design strategy for maintaining the overall robustness and performance of higher order and complex systems that are highly affected by time delay and high dynamic response of intensified processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong Sheng Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Syamsul Rizal Abd Shukor
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, S.P.S, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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13
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Chen H, Fan L, Xu C, Xu J, Chen S, Chen K, Wei Y. Malaria epidemiological characteristics and control in Guangzhou, China, 1950-2022. Malar J 2023; 22:265. [PMID: 37691114 PMCID: PMC10494454 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria was once widespread in Guangzhou, China. However, a series of control measures have succeeded in eliminating local malaria infections. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of malaria epidemics in Guangzhou, China, from 1950 to 2022, the changes and effectiveness of malaria control strategies and surveillance management in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2022 are described. METHODS Data on malaria prevention and treatment in Guangzhou from 1950 to 2022 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyse the prevalence of malaria, preventive and control measures taken, and the effectiveness of prevention and treatment in different periods. Data on malaria cases were obtained from the Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the China Communicable Disease Reporting System. RESULTS The development of the malaria control system in Guangzhou has gone through four periods: 1. High malaria prevalence (1950-1979), 2. Intensive prevention and control stage (1980-2000), 3. Consolidating gains in malaria control (2001-2008), and 4. Preventing reestablishment of transmission (2009-2022). During Period 1, only medical institutions at all levels and the local CDCs, the Guangzhou CDC participated in the malaria prevention and control system, establishing a three-tier health system on malaria prevention and control. During Period 2, other types of organizations, including the agricultural sector, schools and village committees, the construction department and street committee, are involved in the malaria control system. During Period 3, more and more organizations are joining forces to prevent and control malaria. A well-established multisectoral malaria control mechanism and an improved post-elimination surveillance management system are in place. Between 1950 and 2022, a total of 420,670 cases of malaria were reported. During Period 1, there was an epidemic of malaria in the early 1950s, with an annual incidence rate of more than 10,000/100,000, including a high rate of 2887.98/100,000 in 1954. In Period 2 malaria was gradually brought under control, with the average annual malaria incidence rate dropping to 3.14/100,000. During Period 3, the incidence rate was kept below 1/100,000, and by 2009 local malaria infections were eliminated. CONCLUSION For decades, Guangzhou has adopted different malaria control strategies and measures at different epidemic stages. Increased collaboration among civil organizations in Guangzhou in malaria control has led to a significant decline in the number of malaria cases and the elimination of indigenous malaria infections by 2009.The experience of Guangzhou can guide the development of malaria control strategies in other cities experiencing similar malaria epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lirui Fan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Conghui Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuncai Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Wei
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Parasite and Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Li T, Li J, Wang J, Xue KS, Su X, Qu H, Duan X, Jiang Y. The occurrence and management of fumonisin contamination across the food production and supply chains. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00205-9. [PMID: 37544477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumonisins (FUMs) are among the most common mycotoxins in plant-derived food products. FUMs contamination has considerably impacted human and animal health, while causing significant economic losses. Hence, management of FUMs contamination in food production and supply chains is needed. The toxicities of FUMs have been widely investigated. FUMs management has been reported and several available strategies have been developed successfully to mitigate FUMs contamination present in foods. However, currently available management of FUMs contamination from different phases of food chains and the mechanisms of some major strategies are not comprehensively summarized. AIM OF REVIEW This review comprehensively characterize the occurrence, impacts, and management of FUMs contamination across food production and supply chains. Pre- and post-harvest strategies to prevent FUMs contamination also are reviewed, with an emphasis on the potential applications and the mechanisms of major mitigation strategies. The presence of modified FUMs products and their potential toxic effects are also considered. Importantly, the potential application of biotechnological approaches and emerging technologies are enunciated. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Currently available pre- and post-harvest management of FUMs contamination primarily involves prevention and decontamination. Prevention strategies are mainly based on limiting fungal growth and FUMs biosynthesis. Decontamination strategies are implemented through alkalization, hydrolysis, thermal or chemical transformation, and enzymatic or chemical degradation of FUMs. Concerns have been raised about toxicities of modified FUMs derivatives, which presents challenges for reducing FUMs contamination in foods with conventional methodologies. Integrated prevention and decontamination protocols are recommended to control FUMs contamination across entire value chains in developed countries. In developing countries, several other approaches, including cultivating, introducing Bt maize, simple sorting/cleaning, and dehulling, are suggested. Future studies should focus on biotechnological approaches, emerging technologies, and metagenomic/genomic identification of new degradation enzymes that could allow better opportunities to manage FUMs contamination in the entire food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- College of Tourism and Planning, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Kathy S Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xinguo Su
- Tropical Agriculture and Forestry College, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, No. 198, Yueken Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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15
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Worsnop CZ, Nass S, Grépin KA, Lee K. An analysis of WHO's Temporary Recommendations on international travel and trade measures during Public Health Emergencies of International Concern. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012615. [PMID: 37463788 PMCID: PMC10357756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEICs), The International Health Regulations (IHR) require the WHO to issue Temporary Recommendations on the use of international travel and trade measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO's initial recommendation against 'any travel or trade restriction' has been questioned, and virtually all countries subsequently used international travel measures. WHO's Recommendations to States Parties also changed over the course of the pandemic. There is a need to understand how WHO's treatment of this issue compared with other PHEICs and why States Parties' actions diverged from WHO's initial Recommendations. This first analysis of WHO's Temporary Recommendations on international travel and trade measures during all seven PHEICs compares the guidance for clarity and consistency in several areas of substance and process. We find that lack of clarity and inconsistency in WHO guidance makes it difficult to interpret and relate back to IHR obligations. Based on this analysis, we offer recommendations to increase consistency and clarity of WHO's guidance on this issue during global health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Z Worsnop
- School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel Nass
- School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Ann Grépin
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelley Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Lukowski J, Vasa A, Arguinchona C, ElRayes W, Frank MG, Galdys AL, Garcia MC, Garland JA, Kline S, Persson C, Ruby D, Sauer LM, Vasistha S, Carrasco S, Herstein JJ. A narrative review of high-level isolation unit operational and infrastructure features. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012037. [PMID: 37423621 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High-level isolation units (HLIUs) are specially designed facilities for care and management of patients with suspected or confirmed high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs), equipped with unique infrastructure and operational features. While individual HLIUs have published on their experiences caring for patients with HCIDs and two previous HLIU consensus efforts have outlined key components of HLIUs, we aimed to summarise the existing literature that describes best practices, challenges and core features of these specialised facilities. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using keywords associated with HLIUs and HCIDs. A total of 100 articles were used throughout the manuscript from the literature search or from alternate methods like reference checks or snowballing. Articles were sorted into categories (eg, physical infrastructure, laboratory, internal transport); for each category, a synthesis of the relevant literature was conducted to describe best practices, experiences and operational features. The review and summary of HLIU experiences, best practices, challenges and components can serve as a resource for units continuing to improve readiness, or for hospitals in early stages of developing their HLIU teams and planning or constructing their units. The COVID-19 pandemic, a global outbreak of mpox, sporadic cases of viral haemorrhagic fevers in Europe and the USA, and recent outbreaks of Lassa fever, Sudan Ebolavirus, and Marburg emphasise the need for an extensive summary of HLIU practices to inform readiness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lukowski
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Christa Arguinchona
- Special Pathogens Program, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Wael ElRayes
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maria G Frank
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Biocontainment Unit, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Alison L Galdys
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine - Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary C Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Services, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer A Garland
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Kline
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine - Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caroline Persson
- Biocontainment Unit, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Darrell Ruby
- Special Pathogens Program, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren M Sauer
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sami Vasistha
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sharon Carrasco
- Serious Communicable Disease Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jocelyn J Herstein
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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17
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Zeng Z, Chen H, Xu J, Zhang H, Xu C, Fan L, Chen S, Chen K, Yang Z, Wei Y. Characteristics of leptospirosis cases, prevention and control managements 1955-2020, Guangzhou, China. One Health 2023; 16:100541. [PMID: 37363250 PMCID: PMC10288099 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis, which is an easily overlooked zoonotic disease, was once widespread in Guangzhou, China. However, due to the implementation of control measures, the number of cases is decreasing. Based on the characteristics of leptospirosis cases in Guangzhou, China, between 1955 and 2020, we describe the changes and achievements in prevention and control management strategies over that period. Methods The development of the leptospirosis control system in Guangzhou occurred over three periods: Period I: 1955-1978; Period II: 1979-2000; and Period III: 2001-2020. Data about leptospirosis cases were obtained from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and national health departments. The demographic characteristics of leptospirosis patients were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results During Period I, only the Guangzhou CDC and medical institutions at every level participated in the leptospirosis control system. During Period II, additional types of organizations, including local CDCs, countryside committees, community committees, and the Patriotic Health Movement Commission, were involved in the control system. Additionally, strong links were established between different organizations. After entering Period III, an increasing number of departments joined the cooperation, and the management of human patients was expanded to include the management of host animals, and thus, the prevalence of leptospirosis was monitored and controlled in various ways. The leptospirosis control system in Guangzhou has been further improved. From 1955 to 2020, a total of 2501 leptospirosis cases were recorded in Guangzhou, and the number of cases decreased significantly over time, from 1608 (Period I) to 744 (Period II) and then to 149 (Period III). Conclusion The improvements of the leptospirosis control system in Guangzhou that occurred over decades were associated with a marked decrease in the number of leptospirosis cases. Guangzhou's experience can provide guidance for other countries or cities around the world facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zeng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Conghui Xu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lirui Fan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuncai Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Wei
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Keita M, Polonsky JA, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Ilumbulumbu MK, Dakissaga A, Boiro H, Anoko JN, Diassy L, Ngwama JK, Bah H, Tosalisana MK, Kitenge Omasumbu R, Chérif IS, Boland ST, Delamou A, Yam A, Flahault A, Dagron S, Gueye AS, Keiser O, Fall IS. A community-based contact isolation strategy to reduce the spread of Ebola virus disease: an analysis of the 2018-2020 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e011907. [PMID: 37263672 PMCID: PMC10254818 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite tremendous progress in the development of diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics for Ebola virus disease (EVD), challenges remain in the implementation of holistic strategies to rapidly curtail outbreaks. We investigated the effectiveness of a community-based contact isolation strategy to limit the spread of the disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). METHODS We did a quasi-experimental comparison study. Eligible participants were EVD contacts registered from 12 June 2019 to 18 May 2020 in Beni and Mabalako Health Zones. Intervention group participants were isolated to specific community sites for the duration of their follow-up. Comparison group participants underwent contact tracing without isolation. The primary outcome was measured as the reproduction number (R) in the two groups. Secondary outcomes were the delay from symptom onset to isolation and case management, case fatality rate (CFR) and vaccination uptake. RESULTS 27 324 EVD contacts were included in the study; 585 in the intervention group and 26 739 in the comparison group. The intervention group generated 32 confirmed cases (5.5%) in the first generation, while the comparison group generated 87 (0.3%). However, the 32 confirmed cases arising from the intervention contacts did not generate any additional transmission (R=0.00), whereas the 87 confirmed cases arising from the comparison group generated 99 secondary cases (R=1.14). The average delay between symptom onset and case isolation was shorter (1.3 vs 4.8 days; p<0.0001), CFR lower (12.5% vs 48.4%; p=0.0001) and postexposure vaccination uptake higher (86.0% vs 56.8%; p<0.0001) in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. A significant difference was also found between intervention and comparison groups in survival rate at the discharge of hospitalised confirmed patients (87.9% vs 47.7%, respectively; p=0.0004). CONCLUSION The community-based contact isolation strategy used in DRC shows promise as a potentially effective approach for the rapid cessation of EVD transmission, highlighting the importance of rapidly implemented, community-oriented and trust-building control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mory Keita
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan A Polonsky
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
| | | | - Adama Dakissaga
- Direction Régionale de la Santé du Plateau Central, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ziniaré, Burkina Faso
| | - Hamadou Boiro
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Julienne Ngoundoung Anoko
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Lamine Diassy
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - John Kombe Ngwama
- Direction Générale de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Houssainatou Bah
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | | | - Richard Kitenge Omasumbu
- Equipe Médicale d'Urgence, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
| | | | | | - Alexandre Delamou
- African Centre of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoulaye Yam
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Dagron
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdou Salam Gueye
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ibrahima Socé Fall
- Global Neglected Tropical Diseases programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Alvar J, Beca-Martínez MT, Argaw D, Jain S, Aagaard-Hansen J. Social determinants of visceral leishmaniasis elimination in Eastern Africa. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012638. [PMID: 37380365 PMCID: PMC10410987 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne, protozoan disease with severe public health implications. Following the successful implementation of an elimination programme in South Asia, there is now a concerted endeavour to replicate these efforts in Eastern Africa based on the five essential elimination pillars of case management, integrated vector management, effective surveillance, social mobilisation and operational research. This article highlights how key social determinants (SD) of health (poverty, sociocultural factors and gender, housing and clustering, migration and the healthcare system) operate at five different levels (socioeconomic context and position, differential exposure, differential vulnerability, differential outcomes and differential consequences). These SD should be considered within the context of increasing the success of the five-pillar elimination programme and reducing inequity in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alvar
- Social Medicine, Royal Academy of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Argaw
- Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, GE, Switzerland
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, GE, Switzerland
| | - Jens Aagaard-Hansen
- Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Capital Region, Denmark
- Health Research, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Yang J, Fan X, Zhang H, Zheng W, Ye T. A review on characteristics and mitigation strategies of indoor air quality in underground subway stations. Sci Total Environ 2023; 869:161781. [PMID: 36708828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapidly increasing ridership and the relatively enclosed underground space, the indoor air quality (IAQ) in underground subway stations (USSs) has attracted more public attention. The air pollutants in USSs, such as particulate matter (PM), CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are hazardous to the health of passengers and staves. Firstly, this paper presents a systematic review on the characteristics and sources of air pollutants in USSs. According to the review work, the concentrations of PM, CO2, VOCs, bacteria and fungi in USSs are 1.1-13.2 times higher than the permissible concentration limits specified by WHO, ASHRAE and US EPA. The PM and VOCs are mainly derived from the internal and outdoor sources. CO2 concentrations are highly correlated with the passenger density and the ventilation rate while the exposure levels of bacteria and fungi depend on the thermal conditions and the settled dust. Then, the online monitoring, fault detection and prediction methods of IAQ are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also discussed. In addition, the available control strategies for improving IAQ in USSs are reviewed, and these strategies are classified and compared from different viewpoints. Lastly, challenges of the IAQ management in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and several suggestions for underground stations' IAQ management in the future are put forward. This paper is expected to provide a comprehensive guidance for further research and design of the effective prevention measures on air pollutants in USSs so as to achieve more sustainable and healthy underground environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xianwang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300350, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Wandong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300350, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300000, PR China.
| | - Tianzhen Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin 300350, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit, Tianjin 300000, PR China
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21
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Sory O, Kiendrébéogo JA, Kafando Y, Kaboré I, Tapsoba C, Kaboré S, Mbaye S, Touré C. The role and contribution of civil society and community actors in COVID-19 prevention and control: the case of the COMVID COVID-19 movement in Burkina Faso. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011508. [PMID: 37028812 PMCID: PMC10083517 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities should play a crucial role in the fight against public health emergencies but ensuring their effective and sustained engagement remains a challenge in many countries. In this article, we describe the process of mobilising community actors to contribute to the fight against COVID-19 in Burkina Faso. During the early days of the pandemic, the national COVID-19 response plan called for the involvement of community actors, but no strategy had been defined for this purpose. The initiative to involve community actors in the fight against COVID-19 was taken, independently of the government, by 23 civil society organisations gathered through a platform called 'Health Democracy and Citizen Involvement (DES-ICI)'. In April 2020, this platform launched the movement 'Communities are committed to Eradicate COVID-19 (COMVID COVID-19)' which mobilised community-based associations organised into 54 citizen health watch units (CCVS) in Ouagadougou city. These CCVS worked as volunteers, performing door-to-door awareness campaigns. The psychosis created by the pandemic, the proximity of civil society organisations to the communities and the involvement of religious, customary and civil authorities facilitated the expansion of the movement. Given the innovative and promising nature of these initiatives, the movement gained recognition that earned them a seat on the national COVID-19 response plan. This gave them credibility in the eyes of the national and international donors, thus facilitating the mobilisation of resources for the continuity of their activities. However, the decrease in financial resources to offset the community mobilisers gradually reduced the enthusiasm for the movement. In a nutshell, the COMVID COVID-19 movement fostered dialogues and collaboration among civil society, community actors and the Ministry of Health, which plans to engage the CCVS beyond the COVID-19 response, for the implementation of other actions within the national community health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orokia Sory
- Recherche pour la Santé et le Développement (RESADE), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Joël Arthur Kiendrébéogo
- Department of Public Health, Universite Joseph Ki-Zerbo Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yamba Kafando
- Recherche pour la Santé et le Développement (RESADE), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Issa Kaboré
- Recherche pour la Santé et le Développement (RESADE), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Charlemagne Tapsoba
- Recherche pour la Santé et le Développement (RESADE), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Simon Kaboré
- Réseau Accès aux Médicaments Essentiels (RAME), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Seyni Mbaye
- Results for Development Institute, Dakar, Senegal
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22
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do Vale TL, Costa AR, Miranda LM, Silva GF, Silva NCS, Lima TB, Chaves DP, Sager H, Lasmar PVF, Costa-Junior LM. Efficacy of lotilaner against myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in naturally infested dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 36879347 PMCID: PMC9987041 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is widely distributed across South America. This parasitic insect is a significant cause of primary myiasis in animals, including dogs. There is an urgent need for a rapid and efficient treatment to improve the recovery of affected animals. In the present study we evaluated the potential of lotilaner for the treatment of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax larvae in naturally infested dogs. Lotilaner belongs to the isoxazoline class of chemical compounds and is marketed as Credelio™ for use against ticks and fleas in dogs and cats. METHODS Eleven dogs with naturally acquired myiasis were enrolled in this study based on the severity of lesions and the number of identified larvae. All animals received a single oral administration of lotilaner at a minimum dose of 20.5 mg/kg body weight. After treatment, the number of expelled larvae, live or dead, was determined at 2, 6 and 24 h, and the larval expulsion rate, larvicidal effect and overall efficacy were calculated. After 24 h, the remaining larvae were removed, counted and identified. The lesions were cleaned, and palliative treatment was administered when necessary, according to the animal's health status. RESULTS All larvae were identified as C. hominivorax. The larval expulsion rate was 80.5% and 93.0% at 2 and 6 h post-treatment, respectively. Lotilaner showed an overall efficacy of 100% at 24 h post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lotilaner demonstrated a rapid onset of action and a high efficacy against C. hominivorax. We therefore recommend lotilaner for the effective treatment of myiasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Lopes do Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alcyjara Rego Costa
- Department of Pathology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Barbalho Lima
- Department of Pathology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Heinz Sager
- Elanco Animal Health Inc, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Mutapi F, Banda G, Woolhouse M. What does equitable global health research and delivery look like? Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) partnership as a case study. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011028. [PMID: 36963785 PMCID: PMC10040064 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a current global push to identify and implement best practice for delivering maximum impact from development research in low-income and middle-income countries. Here, we describe a model of research and capacity building that challenges traditional approaches taken by western funders in Africa. Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) is a global health research and delivery partnership with a focus on strengthening health systems to combat neglected tropical diseases, malaria and emerging pathogens in Africa. Partners are academic and research institutions based in Ghana, Sudan, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and the UK. Fifteen other African countries have participated in TIBA activities. With a starting budget of under £7 million, and in just 4 years, TIBA has had a verified impact on knowledge, policy practice and capacity building, and on national and international COVID-19 responses in multiple African countries. TIBA's impact is shown in context-specific metrics including: strengthening the evidence base underpinning international policy on neglected tropical diseases; 77% of research publications having Africa-based first and/or last authors; postgraduate, postdoctoral and professional training; career progression for African researchers and health professionals with no net brain drain from participating countries; and supporting African institutions. Training in real-time SARS-CoV-2 viral genome sequencing provided new national capabilities and capacities that contributed to both national responses and global health security through variant detection and tracking. TIBA's experience confirms that health research for Africa thrives when the agenda and priorities are set in Africa, by Africans, and the work is done in Africa. Here, we share 10 actionable recommendations for researchers and funders from our lessons learnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Mutapi
- School of Biological Sciences. Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) Partnership, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Geoffrey Banda
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) Partnership, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Science, Technology and Innovation Studies Twitter, The University of Edinburgh School of Social and Political Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) Partnership, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Pinto Jimenez CE, Keestra SM, Tandon P, Pickering AJ, Moodley A, Cumming O, Chandler CIR. One Health WASH: an AMR-smart integrative approach to preventing and controlling infection in farming communities. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011263. [PMID: 36882219 PMCID: PMC10008318 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Pinto Jimenez
- Global Health and Development Department, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sarai M Keestra
- Global Health and Development Department, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pranav Tandon
- Global Health Office, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy J Pickering
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Arshnee Moodley
- CGIAR AMR Hub, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver Cumming
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clare I R Chandler
- Global Health and Development Department, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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25
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Kalbarczyk A, Aqil A, Sauer M, Chatterjee P, Jacques KA, Mooney G, Labrique A, Lee K. Using antioppressive teaching principles to transform a graduate global health course at Johns Hopkins University. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011587. [PMID: 36977524 PMCID: PMC10069528 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Education systems and pedagogical practices in global public health are facing substantive calls for change during the current and ongoing 'decolonising global health' movement. Incorporating antioppressive principles into learning communities is one promising approach to decolonising global health education. We sought to transform a four-credit graduate-level global health course at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health using antioppressive principles. One member of the teaching team attended a year-long training designed to support changes in pedagogical philosophy, syllabus development, course design, course implementation, assignments, grading, and student engagement. We incorporated regular student self-reflections designed to capture student experiences and elicit constant feedback to inform real-time changes responsive to student needs. Our efforts at remediating the emerging limitations of one course in graduate global health education provide an example of overhauling graduate education to remain relevant in a rapidly changing global order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalbarczyk
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anushka Aqil
- Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Molly Sauer
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pranab Chatterjee
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keilah A Jacques
- Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graham Mooney
- History of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alain Labrique
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Krystal Lee
- Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Bozzani FM, McCreesh N, Diaconu K, Govender I, White RG, Kielmann K, Grant AD, Vassall A. Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis infection prevention and control interventions in South African clinics: a model-based economic evaluation informed by complexity science methods. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e010306. [PMID: 36792227 PMCID: PMC9933667 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nosocomial Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission substantially impacts health workers, patients and communities. Guidelines for tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB IPC) exist but implementation in many settings remains suboptimal. Evidence is needed on cost-effective investments to prevent Mtb transmission that are feasible in routine clinic environments. METHODS A set of TB IPC interventions was codesigned with local stakeholders using system dynamics modelling techniques that addressed both core activities and enabling actions to support implementation. An economic evaluation of these interventions was conducted at two clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, employing agent-based models of Mtb transmission within the clinics and in their catchment populations. Intervention costs included the costs of the enablers (eg, strengthened supervision, community sensitisation) identified by stakeholders to ensure uptake and adherence. RESULTS All intervention scenarios modelled, inclusive of the relevant enablers, cost less than US$200 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted and were very cost-effective in comparison to South Africa's opportunity cost-based threshold (US$3200 per DALY averted). Two interventions, building modifications to improve ventilation and maximising use of the existing Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution system to reduce the number of clinic attendees, were found to be cost saving over the 10-year model time horizon. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were sensitive to assumptions on baseline clinic ventilation rates, the prevalence of infectious TB in clinic attendees and future HIV incidence but remained highly cost-effective under all uncertainty analysis scenarios. CONCLUSION TB IPC interventions in clinics, including the enabling actions to ensure their feasibility, afford very good value for money and should be prioritised for implementation within the South African health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Maria Bozzani
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicky McCreesh
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karin Diaconu
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, UK
| | - Indira Govender
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Richard G White
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karina Kielmann
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, UK
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alison D Grant
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Anna Vassall
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Usman AB, Lokossou VK, Sawadogo K, Ward S, Umeokonkwo CD, Sawadogo B, Hanlon C, Kayita G, Balogun MS, Antara S, Merrill R, Nguku PM, Issiaka S, JC Aïssi MA. Capacity building at points of entry during COVID-19 pandemic: harmonising training curriculum for Economic Community of West African States. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-010892. [PMID: 36707092 PMCID: PMC9884881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the process for developing, validating and disseminating through a train-the-trainer (TOT) event a standardised curriculum for public health capacity building for points of entry (POE) staff across the 15-member state Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) that reflects both international standards and national guidelines.A five-phase process was used in developing the curriculum: phase (1) assessment of existing materials developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Africa CDC and the West African Economic and Monetary Union, (2) design of retained and new, harmonised content, (3) validation by the national leadership to produce final content, (4) implementation of the harmonised curriculum during a regional TOT, and (5) evaluation of the curriculum.Of the nine modules assessed in English and French, the technical team agreed to retain six harmonised modules providing materials for 10 days of intensive training. Following the TOT, most participants (n=28/30, 93.3%) indicated that the International Health Regulations and emergency management modules were relevant to their work and 96.7% (n=29/30) reported that the training should be cascaded to POE staff in their countries.The ECOWAS harmonised POE curriculum provides a set of training materials and expectations for national port health and POE staff to use across the region. This initiative contributes to reducing the effort required by countries to identify emergency preparedness and response capacity-building tools for border health systems in the Member States in a highly connected region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat Bukola Usman
- African Field Epidemiology Network Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Virgil Kuassi Lokossou
- ECOWAS Regional Centre for Surveillance and Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria,West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Kiswendsida Sawadogo
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Ward
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria,African Field Epidemiology Network, Moronvia, Liberia
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Antara
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rebecca Merrill
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patrick M Nguku
- African Field Epidemiology Network Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Sombie Issiaka
- West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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28
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Lin M, Cao H, Li J. Control strategies of ice nucleation, growth, and recrystallization for cryopreservation. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:35-56. [PMID: 36323355 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of biomaterials is fundamental to modern biotechnology and biomedicine, but the biggest challenge is the formation of ice, resulting in fatal cryoinjury to biomaterials. To date, abundant ice control strategies have been utilized to inhibit ice formation and thus improve cryopreservation efficiency. This review focuses on the mechanisms of existing control strategies regulating ice formation and the corresponding applications to biomaterial cryopreservation, which are of guiding significance for the development of ice control strategies. Herein, basics related to biomaterial cryopreservation are introduced first. Then, the theoretical bases of ice nucleation, growth, and recrystallization are presented, from which the key factors affecting each process are analyzed, respectively. Ice nucleation is mainly affected by melting temperature, interfacial tension, shape factor, and kinetic prefactor, and ice growth is mainly affected by solution viscosity and cooling/warming rate, while ice recrystallization is inhibited by adsorption or diffusion mechanisms. Furthermore, the corresponding research methods and specific control strategies for each process are summarized. The review ends with an outlook of the current challenges and future perspectives in cryopreservation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Ice formation is the major limitation of cryopreservation, which causes fatal cryoinjury to cryopreserved biomaterials. This review focuses on the three processes related to ice formation, called nucleation, growth, and recrystallization. The theoretical models, key influencing factors, research methods and corresponding ice control strategies of each process are summarized and discussed, respectively. The systematic introduction on mechanisms and control strategies of ice formation is instructive for the cryopreservation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haishan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Keita M, Talisuna A, Chamla D, Burmen B, Cherif MS, Polonsky JA, Boland S, Barry B, Mesfin S, Traoré FA, Traoré J, Kimenyi JP, Diallo AB, Godjedo TP, Traore T, Delamou A, Ki-Zerbo GA, Dagron S, Keiser O, Gueye AS. Investing in preparedness for rapid detection and control of epidemics: analysis of health system reforms and their effect on 2021 Ebola virus disease epidemic response in Guinea. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-010984. [PMID: 36599498 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Epidemic devastated Guinea's health system and constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Following the crisis, Guinea invested in the establishment of basic health system reforms and crucial legal instruments for strengthening national health security in line with the WHO's recommendations for ensuring better preparedness for (and, therefore, a response to) health emergencies. The investments included the scaling up of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response; Joint External Evaluation of International Health Regulation capacities; National Action Plan for Health Security; Simulation Exercises; One Health platforms; creation of decentralised structures such as regional and prefectural Emergency Operation Centres; Risk assessment and hazard identification; Expanding human resources capacity; Early Warning Alert System and community preparedness. These investments were tested in the subsequent 2021 EVD outbreak and other epidemics. In this case, there was a timely declaration and response to the 2021 EVD epidemic, a lower-case burden and mortality rate, a shorter duration of the epidemic and a significant reduction in the cost of the response. Similarly, there was timely detection, response and containment of other epidemics including Lassa fever and Marburg virus disease. Findings suggest the utility of the preparedness activities for the early detection and efficient containment of outbreaks, which, therefore, underlines the need for all countries at risk of infectious disease epidemics to invest in similar reforms. Doing so promises to be not only cost-effective but also lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mory Keita
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo .,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ambrose Talisuna
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Dick Chamla
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Barbara Burmen
- Health Security Preparedness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan A Polonsky
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Emergency Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Boland
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Boubacar Barry
- Emergency Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Mesfin
- Emergency Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fodé Amara Traoré
- National Agency for Health Security, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jean Traoré
- National Agency for Health Security, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jean Paul Kimenyi
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Amadou Bailo Diallo
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Togbemabou Primous Godjedo
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Tieble Traore
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- African Centre of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Georges Alfred Ki-Zerbo
- Office at the African Union (AU) and Un Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Stephanie Dagron
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdou Salam Gueye
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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Bazant E, McPhillips-Tangum C, Shrestha SD, G S P, Khera A, Nic Lochlainn L, Habtamu E, Patel VI, Muhire G, Saarlas KN. Promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns from a synthesis of case studies. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010321. [PMID: 36517112 PMCID: PMC9756207 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of public health campaigns and routine primary healthcare services are used in many countries to maximise the number of people reached with interventions to prevent, control, eliminate or eradicate diseases. Health campaigns have historically been organised within vertical (disease-specific) programmes, which are often funded, planned and implemented independently from one another and from routinely offered primary healthcare services. Global health agencies have voiced support for enhancing campaign effectiveness, including campaign efficiency and equity, through collaboration among vertical programmes. However, limited guidance is available to country-level campaign planners and implementers about how to effectively integrate campaigns. Planning is critical to the implementation of effective health campaigns, including those related to neglected tropical diseases, malaria, vitamin A supplementation and vaccine-preventable diseases, including polio, measles and meningitis. However, promising approaches to planning integrated health campaigns have not been sufficiently documented. This manuscript highlights promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns that emerged from the experiences of eight project teams working in three WHO regions. Adoption of the promising practices described in this paper could lead to enhanced collaboration among campaign stakeholders, increased agreement about the need for and anticipated benefits of campaign integration, and enhanced understanding of effective planning of integrated health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bazant
- Health Campaign Effectiveness Coalition, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Preetha G S
- International Institute of Health Management Research, Delhi, India
| | | | - Laura Nic Lochlainn
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines & Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Esmael Habtamu
- International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vivek I Patel
- Health Campaign Effectiveness Coalition, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Kristin N Saarlas
- Health Campaign Effectiveness Coalition, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Agbomola JO, Loyinmi AC. Modelling the impact of some control strategies on the transmission dynamics of Ebola virus in human-bat population: An optimal control analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12121. [PMID: 36561665 PMCID: PMC9763758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative research and comprehensive public awareness to nip the transmission of Ebola virus in the bud before it becomes a global threat is fast becoming imperative especially now that the Gambia Ebola virus is mutated. It is therefore necessary to consider and investigate a vector-host transmission model for possible control strategy of this deadly disease. Hence, in this study, we presented a novel and feasible human-bat (host-vector) S h E h I h R h i s R h n i - S b E b I b model which foretells the spread and severity of the Ebola virus from bats to humans to investigate the combined effects of three control strategies viz: (1) allowing specialized and designated agencies to bury deceased from Ebola infection without relatives touching or curdling the remains as usually practiced in most part of Africa as last respect for their departed love ones ( k 1 ), (2) systematic and deliberate depopulation of bats in the metropolis (through persecution with pesticide exposure, pre capturing, chemical timber treatment for roosts destruction) to discourage hunting them for food by virtue of their proximity ( k 2 ) and (3) immediate treatment of infected individuals in isolation ( k 3 ). We established, among others, the endemic equilibrium, disease-free equilibrium, global and local stability, non-negativity, and boundedness of the model to prove the epidemiological feasibility of the model. The reality of the presence of optimal control remarkably influences the dynamics of transmission of the virus and simulated results also confirm the great effect of the combination of the control strategies k 1 , k 2 and k 3 in flattening the curve of Ebola transmission (fig 1 - fig 8). Health workers and policy makers are better informed with fundamental precautions that could help eradicate Ebola from the populace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adedapo Chris Loyinmi
- Department of Mathematics, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Osborne RH, Elmer S, Hawkins M, Cheng CC, Batterham RW, Dias S, Good S, Monteiro MG, Mikkelsen B, Nadarajah RG, Fones G. Health literacy development is central to the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010362. [PMID: 36460323 PMCID: PMC9723891 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO's report Health literacy development for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) delivers practical what-to-do how-to-do guidance for health literacy development to build, at scale, contextually-relevant public health actions to reduce inequity and the burden of NCDs on individuals, health systems and economies. The key premise for health literacy development is that people's health awareness and behaviours are linked to lifelong experiences and social practices, which may be multilayered, hidden and beyond their control. Meaningful community engagement, local ownership and locally driven actions are needed to identify health literacy strengths, challenges and preferences to build locally fit-for-purpose and implementable actions. Health literacy development needs to underpin local and national policy, laws and regulations to create enabling environments that reduce community exposures to NCD risk factors. Deficit approaches and siloed health system and policy responses need to be avoided, focusing instead on integrating community-based solutions through co-design, cognisant of people's daily experiences and social practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Osborne
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Section of Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Shandell Elmer
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Hawkins
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina C Cheng
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roy W Batterham
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sónia Dias
- National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suvajee Good
- Department of Universal Health Coverage/Family Health, Gender, and Life Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Maristela G Monteiro
- Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bente Mikkelsen
- Division for Universal Health Coverage/Communicable Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Ranjit Gajendra Nadarajah
- Centre for Global Health and Equity, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guy Fones
- Global Noncommunicable Diseases Platform, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
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Bajiya VP, Bugalia S, Tripathi JP, Martcheva M. Deciphering the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in India: optimal control and cost effective analysis. J Biol Dyn 2022; 16:665-712. [PMID: 36099305 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2022.2116493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we assess the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 utilizing a compartmental model. The local asymptotic stability of equilibria (disease-free and endemic) in terms of the basic reproduction number have been determined. We find that the system undergoes a backward bifurcation in the case of imperfect quarantine. The parameters of the model have been estimated from the total confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India. Sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number has been performed. The findings also suggest that effectiveness of face masks plays a significant role in reducing the COVID-19 prevalence in India. Optimal control problem with several control strategies has been investigated. We find that the intervention strategies including implementation of lockdown, social distancing, and awareness only, has the highest cost-effectiveness in controlling the infection. This combined strategy also has the least value of average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and associated cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pal Bajiya
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarita Bugalia
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jai Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Maia Martcheva
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Van Bortel W, Mariën J, Jacobs BKM, Sinzinkayo D, Sinarinzi P, Lampaert E, D’hondt R, Mafuko JM, De Weggheleire A, Vogt F, Alexander N, Wint W, Maes P, Vanlerberghe V, Leclair C. Long-lasting insecticidal nets provide protection against malaria for only a single year in Burundi, an African highland setting with marked malaria seasonality. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009674. [PMID: 36455989 PMCID: PMC9772646 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are one of the key interventions in the global fight against malaria. Since 2014, mass distribution campaigns of LLINs aim for universal access by all citizens of Burundi. In this context, we assess the impact of LLINs mass distribution campaigns on malaria incidence, focusing on the endemic highland health districts. We also explored the possible correlation between observed trends in malaria incidence with any variations in climate conditions. METHODS Malaria cases for 2011-2019 were obtained from the National Health Information System. We developed a generalised additive model based on a time series of routinely collected data with malaria incidence as the response variable and timing of LLIN distribution as an explanatory variable to investigate the duration and magnitude of the LLIN effect on malaria incidence. We added a seasonal and continuous-time component as further explanatory variables, and health district as a random effect to account for random natural variation in malaria cases between districts. RESULTS Malaria transmission in Burundian highlands was clearly seasonal and increased non-linearly over the study period. Further, a fast and steep decline of malaria incidence was noted during the first year after mass LLIN distribution (p<0.0001). In years 2 and 3 after distribution, malaria cases started to rise again to levels higher than before the control intervention. CONCLUSION This study highlights that LLINs did reduce the incidence in the first year after a mass distribution campaign, but in the context of Burundi, LLINs lost their impact after only 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Bortel
- Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium,Unit Entomology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Joachim Mariën
- Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Bart K M Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Denis Sinzinkayo
- National Malaria Control Programme, Bujumbura, Burundi,Doctoral School, University of Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Emmanuel Lampaert
- Department of Operations – Central African Regional Support Team, Médecins Sans Frontières, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
| | - Rob D’hondt
- Medical Department, Environmental Health Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Mafuko
- Department of Operations, Médecins Sans Frontières, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Anja De Weggheleire
- Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium,Unit of Mycobacterial Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Florian Vogt
- Outbreak Research Team, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Neil Alexander
- Environmental Research Group Oxford Ltd, c/o Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Wint
- Environmental Research Group Oxford Ltd, c/o Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Maes
- Chief of WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene), UNICEF, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
| | - Veerle Vanlerberghe
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Corey Leclair
- Medical Department, Environmental Health Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
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P Suseela R, Ambika RB, Mohandas S, Menon JC, Numpelil M, K Vasudevan B, Ved R, Danaei G, Spiegelman D. Effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support led by women's self-help groups in improving the control of hypertension in urban slums of Kerala, India: a cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010296. [PMID: 36384950 PMCID: PMC9670931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With less than 20% of people with hypertension achieving their target blood pressure (BP) goals, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major public health problem in India. We conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of a community-based education and peer support programme led by women's self-help group (SHG) members in reducing the mean systolic BP among people with hypertension in urban slums of Kochi city, Kerala, India. METHODS A cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial was conducted where 20 slums were randomised to either the intervention or the control arms. In each slum, participants who had elevated BP (>140/90) or were on antihypertensive medications were recruited. The intervention was delivered through women's SHG members (1 per 20-30 households) who provided (1) assistance in daily hypertension management, (2) social and emotional support to encourage healthy behaviours and (3) referral to the primary healthcare system. Those in the control arm received standard of care. The primary outcome was change in mean systolic BP (SBP) after 6 months. RESULTS A total of 1952 participants were recruited-968 in the intervention arm and 984 in the control arm. Mean SBP was reduced by 6.26 mm Hg (SE 0.69) in the intervention arm compared with 2.16 mm Hg (SE 0.70) in the control arm; the net difference being 4.09 (95% CI 2.15 to 4.09), p<0.001. CONCLUSION This women's SHG members led community intervention was effective in reducing SBP among people with hypertension compared with those who received usual care, over 6 months in urban slums of Kerala, India. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2019/12/022252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh P Suseela
- Department of Community Medicine & Center for Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renjini Balakrishnan Ambika
- Department of Community Medicine & Center for Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sreelakshmi Mohandas
- Department of Community Medicine & Center for Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jaideep C Menon
- Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Beena K Vasudevan
- Department of Community Medicine & Center for Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rajani Ved
- Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Health Systems Resource Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Nutrition and Global Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Centre for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hebbar PB, Dsouza V, Bhojani U, Prashanth NS, van Schayck OC, Babu GR, Nagelhout GE. How do tobacco control policies work in low-income and middle-income countries? A realist synthesis. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e008859. [PMID: 36351683 PMCID: PMC9644319 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of tobacco use is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is scarce theorisation on what works with respect to implementation of tobacco control policies in these settings. Given the complex nature of tobacco control policy implementation, diversity in outcomes of widely implemented policies and the defining role of the context, we conducted a realist synthesis to examine tobacco control policy implementation in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a systematic realist literature review to test an initial programme theory developed by the research team. We searched EBSCOHost and Web of Science, containing 19 databases. We included studies on implementation of government tobacco control policies in LMICs. RESULTS We included 47 studies that described several contextual factors, mechanisms and outcomes related to implementing tobacco control policies to varying depth. Our initial programme theory identified three overarching strategies: awareness, enforcement, and review systems involved in implementation. The refined programme theory identifies the plausible mechanisms through which these strategies could work. We found 30 mechanisms that could lead to varying implementation outcomes including normalisation of smoking in public places, stigmatisation of the smoker, citizen participation in the programme, fear of public opposition, feeling of kinship among violators and the rest of the community, empowerment of authorised officials, friction among different agencies, group identity among staff, shared learning, manipulation, intimidation and feeling left out in the policy-making process. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis provides an overview of the interplay of several contextual factors and mechanisms leading to varied implementation outcomes in LMICs. Decision-makers and other actors may benefit from examining the role of one or more of these mechanisms in their particular contexts to improve programme implementation. Further research into specific tobacco control policies and testing particular mechanisms will help deepen our understanding of tobacco control implementation in LMICs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020191541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Bhaskar Hebbar
- Cluster on Chronic conditions and public policies, Institute of Public Health Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vivek Dsouza
- Cluster on Chronic conditions and public policies, Institute of Public Health Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Upendra Bhojani
- Cluster on Chronic conditions and public policies, Institute of Public Health Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Onno Cp van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giridhara R Babu
- Epidemiology, Public Health Foundation of India, Bangalore, India
| | - Gera E Nagelhout
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Cao H, Jung TP, Chen Y, Mei J, Li A, Xu M, Ming D. [Research advances in non-invasive brain-computer interface control strategies]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:1033-1040. [PMID: 36310493 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202205013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) can establish a direct communications pathway between the human brain and the external devices, which is independent of peripheral nerves and muscles. Compared with invasive BCI, non-invasive BCI has the advantages of low cost, low risk, and ease of operation. In recent years, using non-invasive BCI technology to control devices has gradually evolved into a new type of human-computer interaction manner. Moreover, the control strategy for BCI is an essential component of this manner. First, this study introduced how the brain control techniques were developed and classified. Second, the basic characteristics of direct and shared control strategies were thoroughly explained. And then the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies were compared and further analyzed. Finally, the development direction and application prospects for non-invasive brain control strategies were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cao
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- University of California, Swartz Center for Computational Sciences, California 92093, USA
| | - Yuanfang Chen
- Beijing Institute of Machinery and Equipment, Beijing 100854, P. R. China
| | - Jie Mei
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minpeng Xu
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dong Ming
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Li MH, Siddique AB, Wilson B, Patel A, El-Amine H, Koizumi N. Identifying kidney trade networks using web scraping data. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009803. [PMID: 36113891 PMCID: PMC9486190 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney trade has been on the rise despite the domestic and international law enforcement aiming to protect the vulnerable population from potential exploitation. Regional hubs are emerging in several parts of the world including South Asia, Central America, the Middle East and East Asia. Kidney trade networks reported in these hot spots are often complex systems involving several players such as buyers, sellers and surgery countries operating across international borders so that they can bypass domestic laws in sellers and buyers’ countries. The exact patterns of the country networks are, however, largely unknown due to the lack of a systematic approach to collect the data. Most of the kidney trade information is currently available in the form of case studies, court materials and news articles or reports, and no comprehensive database exists at this time. The present study thus explored online newspaper scraping to systematically collect 10 419 news articles from 24 major English newspapers in South Asia (January 2016 to May 2019) and build transnational kidney trade networks at the country level. Additionally, this study applied text mining techniques to extract words from each news article and developed machine learning algorithms to identify kidney trade and non-kidney trade news articles. Our findings suggest that online newspaper scraping coupled with the machine learning method is a promising approach to compile such data, especially in the dire shortage of empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Li
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian Wilson
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Amit Patel
- Department of Public Policy and Public Affairs, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadi El-Amine
- Systems Engineering and Operations Research Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Naoru Koizumi
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
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39
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Haier J, Mayer M, Schaefers J, Geyer S, Feldner D. A pyramid model to describe changing decision making under high uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008854. [PMID: 35940628 PMCID: PMC9364040 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put healthcare systems, hospitals and medical personal under great pressure. Based on observations in Germany, we theorise a general model of rapid decision-making that makes sense of the growing complexity, risks and impact of missing evidence. While adapting decision-making algorithms, management, physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals had to move into uncharted territory while addressing practical challenges and resolving normative (legal and ethical) conflicts. During the pandemic, this resulted in decisional uncertainties for healthcare professionals. We propose an idealised risk-based model that anticipates these shifts in decision-making procedures and underlying value frameworks. The double pyramid model visualises foreseeable procedural adaptations. This does not only help practitioners to secure operational continuity in a crisis but also contributes to improving the conceptual underpinnings of the resilience of healthcare during the next pandemic or similar future crises situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Haier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mayer
- Center for Advanced Security, Strategic and Integration Studies, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Schaefers
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Geyer
- Institute for Sociology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Feldner
- Bridgehead Advisors, Strategic Advisory Think Tank, Berlin, Germany
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Al Ariqi L, Buliva E, Chughtai AA, Barakat A, Kodama C, Khan W, Tayyab M, El Nossery S, Aman A, El-Maghraby T, Elkholy A, Abubakar A. How far are we? National preparedness and response capacities for emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009826. [PMID: 35850952 PMCID: PMC9296996 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al Ariqi
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Evans Buliva
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales-Kensington Campus, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amal Barakat
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chiori Kodama
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wasiq Khan
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherein El Nossery
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amir Aman
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer El-Maghraby
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Elkholy
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdinasir Abubakar
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness Unit, World Health Organisation Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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41
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Song Y, Feng S, Qin W, Li J, Guan C, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Jiang J. Formation mechanism and control strategies of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation during ozonation. Sci Total Environ 2022; 823:153679. [PMID: 35131246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes major findings over the last decade related to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formed upon ozonation, which was regarded as highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-products. The reaction kinetics, chemical yields and mechanisms were assessed for the ozonation of potential precursors including dimethylamine (DMA), N,N-dimethylsulfamide, hydrazines, N-containing water and wastewater polymers, dyes containing a dimethylamino function, N-functionalized carbon nanotubes, guanidine, and phenylurea. The effects of bromide on the NDMA formation during ozonation of different types of precursors were also discussed. The mechanism for NDMA formation during ozonation of DMA was re-summarized and new perspectives were proposed to assess on this mechanism. Effect of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) on NDMA formation during ozonation was also discussed due to the noticeable oxidation of NDMA by •OH. Surrogate parameters including nitrate formation and UV254 after ozonation may be useful parameters to estimate NDMA formation for practical application. The strategies for NDMA formation control were proposed through improving the ozonation process such as ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/peroxymonosulfate and catalytic ozonation process based on membrane pores aeration (MEMBRO3X).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Qin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Chaoting Guan
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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42
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Solís B, Guisasola A, Flores-Alsina X, Jeppsson U, Baeza JA. A plant-wide model describing GHG emissions and nutrient recovery options for water resource recovery facilities. Water Res 2022; 215:118223. [PMID: 35276577 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a plant-wide model describing the fate of C, N and P compounds, upgraded to account for (on-site/off-site) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, was implemented within the International Water Association (IWA) Benchmarking Simulation Model No. 2 (BSM2) framework. The proposed approach includes the main biological N2O production pathways and mechanistically describes CO2 (biogenic/non-biogenic) emissions in the activated sludge reactors as well as the biogas production (CO2/CH4) from the anaerobic digester. Indirect GHG emissions for power generation, chemical usage, effluent disposal and sludge storage and reuse are also included using static factors for CO2, CH4 and N2O. Global and individual mass balances were quantified to investigate the fluxes of the different components. Novel strategies, such as the combination of different cascade controllers in the biological reactors and struvite precipitation in the sludge line, were proposed in order to obtain high plant performance as well as nutrient recovery and mitigation of the GHG emissions in a plant-wide context. The implemented control strategies led to an overall more sustainable and efficient plant performance in terms of better effluent quality, reduced operational cost and lower GHG emissions. The lowest N2O and overall GHG emissions were achieved when ammonium and soluble nitrous oxide in the aerobic reactors were controlled and struvite was recovered in the reject water stream, achieving a reduction of 27% for N2O and 9% for total GHG, compared to the open loop configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Solís
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Flores-Alsina
- PROSYS Research Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ulf Jeppsson
- Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Mwendera CA, Mzilahowa T, Njiokou F, N'falé S, Amegee Quach J, Thomsen E, Dabire R, Ranson H, Alhassan N, Oronje R, Worrall E. Knowledge translation and evidence generation to increase the impact of vector control in Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Malawi. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e008378. [PMID: 35545288 PMCID: PMC9096501 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of context-specific evidence and inadequate evidence-use for decision-making contribute to poor health. This paper reports on our work aimed at addressing the knowledge translation (KT) gap between evidence generators and users. We present our experiences of strengthening KT via technical advisory groups (TAGs) in parallel with increasing evidence generation through research fellowships and operational research. Vectorborne diseases (VBDs) impose substantial health and economic burdens in sub-Saharan Africa despite being preventable with vector control. The Partnership for Increasing the Impact of Vector Control aimed to reduce the burden of VBDs in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Malawi and at regional and global levels. TAGs can promote evidence-use in policy and practice by engaging relevant stakeholders in both research and policy processes. TAGs and related activities are best facilitated by a coordinator with skills in research and policy. Contextual factors should influence the design and governance of TAGs, which will likely evolve over time. Relevant national stakeholders should be included in TAGs and be actively involved in developing research agendas to increase the relevance and acceptability of research findings for decision-making. The countries present three differing contexts with longer-term research and evaluation necessary to draw lessons on impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Themba Mzilahowa
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sagnon N'falé
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jessica Amegee Quach
- Centre for Capacity Research, International Public Health Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward Thomsen
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roch Dabire
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Rose Oronje
- African Institute for Development Policy, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eve Worrall
- Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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44
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Lazarus JV, Abdool Karim SS, van Selm L, Doran J, Batista C, Ben Amor Y, Hellard M, Kim B, Kopka CJ, Yadav P. COVID-19 vaccine wastage in the midst of vaccine inequity: causes, types and practical steps. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009010. [PMID: 35474267 PMCID: PMC9044511 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Center for the AIDS programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Lena van Selm
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason Doran
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Carolina Batista
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland.,Baraka Impact Finance, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yanis Ben Amor
- Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Booyuel Kim
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Prashant Yadav
- Center for Global Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,INSEAD Business School, Fontainebleau, France
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45
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Touré M, Keita M, Kané F, Sanogo D, Kanté S, Konaté D, Diarra A, Sogoba N, Coulibaly MB, Traoré SF, Alifrangis M, Diakité M, Shaffer JG, Krogstad DJ, Doumbia S. Trends in malaria epidemiological factors following the implementation of current control strategies in Dangassa, Mali. Malar J 2022; 21:65. [PMID: 35197053 PMCID: PMC8867639 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, three strategies have reduced severe malaria cases and deaths in endemic regions of Africa, Asia and the Americas, specifically: (1) artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT); (2) insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs); and, (3) intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnancy (IPTp). The rationale for this study was to examine communities in Dangassa, Mali where, in 2015, two additional control strategies were implemented: ITN universal coverage and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) among children under 5 years old. METHODS This was a prospective study based on a rolling longitudinal cohort of 1401 subjects participating in bi-annual smear surveys for the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection and continuous surveillance for the incidence of human disease (uncomplicated malaria), performed in the years from 2012 to 2020. Entomological collections were performed to examine the intensity of transmission based on pyrethroid spray catches, human landing catches and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing for circumsporozoite antigen. RESULTS A total of 1401 participants of all ages were enrolled in the study in 2012 after random sampling of households from the community census list. Prevalence of infection was extremely high in Dangassa, varying from 9.5 to 62.8% at the start of the rainy season and from 15.1 to 66.7% at the end of the rainy season. Likewise, the number of vectors per house, biting rates, sporozoites rates, and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) were substantially greater in Dangassa. DISCUSSION The findings for this study are consistent with the progressive implementation of effective malaria control strategies in Dangassa. At baseline (2012-2014), prevalence of P. falciparum was above 60% followed by a significant year-to-year decease starting in 2015. Incidence of uncomplicated infection was greater among children < 5 years old, while asymptomatic infection was more frequent among the 5-14 years old. A significant decrease in EIR was also observed from 2015 to 2020. Likewise, vector density, sporozoite rates, and EIRs decreased substantially during the study period. CONCLUSION Efficient implementation of two main malaria prevention strategies in Dangassa substantially contribute to a reduction of both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria from 2015 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamoudou Touré
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali. .,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Moussa Keita
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Fousseyni Kané
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daouda Sanogo
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Salim Kanté
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Konaté
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ayouba Diarra
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou B Coulibaly
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F Traoré
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Pharmacie (FAPH), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Michael Alifrangis
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mahamadou Diakité
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Pharmacie (FAPH), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Departments of Tropical Medicine and Biostatistics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Donald J Krogstad
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Departments of Tropical Medicine and Biostatistics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- West African International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Bamako, Mali.,Faculté de Médecine et d'Odonto-Stomatologie (FMOS), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Asamoah JKK, Okyere E, Abidemi A, Moore SE, Sun GQ, Jin Z, Acheampong E, Gordon JF. Optimal control and comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis for COVID-19. Results Phys 2022; 33:105177. [PMID: 35070649 PMCID: PMC8760146 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effectiveness analysis is a mode of determining both the cost and economic health outcomes of one or more control interventions. In this work, we have formulated a non-autonomous nonlinear deterministic model to study the control of COVID-19 to unravel the cost and economic health outcomes for the autonomous nonlinear model proposed for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We calculated the strength number and noticed the strength number is less than zero, meaning the proposed model does not capture multiple waves, hence to capture multiple wave new compartmental model may require for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We proposed an optimal control problem based on a previously studied model and proved the existence of the proposed optimal control model. The optimality system associated with the non-autonomous epidemic model is derived using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The optimal control model captures four time-dependent control functions, thus,u 1 -practising physical or social distancing protocols;u 2 -practising personal hygiene by cleaning contaminated surfaces with alcohol-based detergents;u 3 -practising proper and safety measures by exposed, asymptomatic and symptomatic infected individuals;u 4 -fumigating schools in all levels of education, sports facilities, commercial areas and religious worship centres. We have performed numerical simulations to investigate extensive cost-effectiveness analysis for fourteen optimal control strategies. Comparing the control strategies, we noticed that; Strategy 1 (practising physical or social distancing protocols) is the most cost-saving and most effective control intervention in Saudi Arabia in the absence of vaccination. But, in terms of the infection averted, we saw that strategy 6, strategy 11, strategy 12, and strategy 14 are just as good in controlling COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kiddy K Asamoah
- Department of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
- Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Okyere
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Afeez Abidemi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen E Moore
- Department of Mathematics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Gui-Quan Sun
- Department of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, China
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, Taiyuan China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Shanxi 030006, Taiyuan China
| | - Edward Acheampong
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Ghana, P.O. Box, LG 115, Legon, Ghana
| | - Joseph Frank Gordon
- Department of Mathematics Education, Akenten Appiah Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana
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47
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Najmi A, Nazari S, Safarighouzhdi F, Miller EJ, MacIntyre R, Rashidi TH. Easing or tightening control strategies: determination of COVID-19 parameters for an agent-based model. Transportation (Amst) 2022; 49:1265-1293. [PMID: 34276105 PMCID: PMC8275455 DOI: 10.1007/s11116-021-10210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Some agent-based models have been developed to estimate the spread progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate strategies aimed to control the outbreak of the infectious disease. Nonetheless, COVID-19 parameter estimation methods are limited to observational epidemiologic studies which are essentially aggregated models. We propose a mathematical structure to determine parameters of agent-based models accounting for the mutual effects of parameters. We then use the agent-based model to assess the extent to which different control strategies can intervene the transmission of COVID-19. Easing social distancing restrictions, opening businesses, speed of enforcing control strategies, quarantining family members of isolated cases on the disease progression and encouraging the use of facemask are the strategies assessed in this study. We estimate the social distancing compliance level in Sydney greater metropolitan area and then elaborate the consequences of moderating the compliance level in the disease suppression. We also show that social distancing and facemask usage are complementary and discuss their interactive effects in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Najmi
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sahar Nazari
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Farshid Safarighouzhdi
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric J. Miller
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Room 305A, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4 Canada
| | - Raina MacIntyre
- Arizona State University College of Health Solutions, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Taha H. Rashidi
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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48
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Santín I, Vilanova R, Pedret C, Barbu M. New approach for regulation of the internal recirculation flow rate by fuzzy logic in biological wastewater treatments. ISA Trans 2022; 120:167-189. [PMID: 33810842 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The internal recirculation plays an important role on the different biological processes of wastewater treatment plants because it has a great influence on the concentration of pollutants, especially nutrients. Usually, the internal recirculation flow rate is kept fixed or manipulated by control techniques to maintain a fixed nitrate set-point in the last anoxic tank. This work proposes a new control strategy to manipulate the internal recirculation flow rate by applying a fuzzy controller. The proposed controller takes into account the effects of the internal recirculation flow rate on the inlet of the biological treatment and on the denitrification and nitrification processes with the aim of reducing violations of legally established limits of nitrogen and ammonia and also reducing operational costs. The proposed fuzzy controller is tested by simulation with the internationally known benchmark simulation model no. 2. The objective is to apply the proposed fuzzy controller in any control strategy, only replacing the manipulation of the internal recirculation flow rate, to improve the plant operation.Therefore, it has been implemented in five operation strategies from the literature, replacing their original internal recirculation flow rate control, and simulation results are compared with those of the original strategies. Results show improvements with the application of the proposed fuzzy controller of between 2.25 and 57.94% in reduction of total nitrogen limit violations, between 55.22 and 79.69% in reduction of ammonia limit violations and between 0.84 and 38.06% in cost reduction of pumping energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Santín
- Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - R Vilanova
- Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Pedret
- Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Barbu
- Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control and Electrical Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania.
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49
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Zou L, Wang Y, Liu Y. Spatial-temporal evolution of agricultural ecological risks in China in recent 40 years. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:3686-3701. [PMID: 34392487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of agricultural chemicals and unreasonable utilization of agricultural wastes have led to severe agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) problems in China. Based on the agricultural pollution loads and pollution control strength, the ecological risk index (ERI) was constructed and was used to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of agricultural ecological risks in China during 1978-2017. The findings indicated that Chinese agricultural ERI was gradually increased from 0.031 to 0.348 in 1978-2017, which has the same phased change characteristics as the succession of agricultural policies. At present, the ecological risk grade of ANPSP was present in the stair-step distribution characteristics of "high in the east and south and low in the west and north" as a whole. Southern China, as the main producing area of aquatic products, had the higher ecological risks. Northeastern China, the Huang-Huai-Hai Area, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as the grain-producing bases, had moderate ecological risks, but Southwestern China and Northwestern China with the poor agricultural production conditions had the lower ecological risks. It evidently showed that the ecological risk problems faced by the high-quality development of Chinese agricultural industrialization are increasingly severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zou
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yansui Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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50
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Sharma A, Singh A, Dar MA, Kaur RJ, Charan J, Iskandar K, Haque M, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Dhingra S. Menace of antimicrobial resistance in LMICs: Current surveillance practices and control measures to tackle hostility. J Infect Public Health 2021; 15:172-181. [PMID: 34972026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is significant challenge humanity faces today, with many patients losing their lives every year due to AMR. It is more widespread and has shown a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to lack of awareness and other associated reasons. WHO has suggested some crucial guidelines and specific strategies such as antimicrobial stewardship programs taken at the institutional level to combat AMR. Creating awareness at the grassroots level can help to reduce the AMR and promote safe and effective use of antimicrobials. Control strategies in curbing AMR also comprise hygiene and sanitation as microbes travel from contaminated surroundings to the human body surface. As resistance to multiple drugs increases, vaccines can play a significant role in curbing the menace of AMR. This article summarizes the current surveillance practices and applied control measures to tackle the hostility in these countries with particular reference to the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the responsibilities of regulatory authorities in managing the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Mukhtar Ahmad Dar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Rimple Jeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Lebanese University, School of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; INSPECT-LB: Institute National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon; Universite Paul Sabatier UT3, INSERM, UMR1295, Toulouse, France
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India; Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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