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Wu Q, Sun T, Zhao Y, Yu C, Hu J, Li Z. Temporal and spatial patterns of small vertebrate roadkill in a supercity of eastern China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16251. [PMID: 37842032 PMCID: PMC10569179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An assessment of animal roadkill can help develop road mitigation measures. This article is the first to report data on animal-vehicle collisions (AVCs) in Nanjing, a supercity in eastern China. The research was conducted on a 224.27 km stretch of nine roads in Nanjing. In the period, between November 2020 and October 2021, 26 fortnightly monitoring missions were conducted to gather roadkill carcasses so that we could analyze their temporal and spatial distribution patterns. A total of 259 carcasses were collected, comprising 22 different species, of which 46.42% were mammals and 48.81% were birds. Cats and dogs are the most roadkill mammals, and blackbirds and sparrows are the most roadkill birds. The temporal analysis demonstrated that the peak of vertebrate roadkill occurred from May to July. Spatial analysis showed that the distribution patterns of vertebrate roadkill on different roads varied with a generally non-random distribution and aggregation. By mapping accidents using kernel density analysis, we were able to pinpoint locations that were at high risk for roadkill. Due to the fortnightly survey, our results would underestimate the casualties, even if, our study suggests that the problem of car accidents due to animals should be a cause for concern, and the results of the analysis of temporal and spatial patterns contribute to the establishment of mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Lab of Animal Behavior & Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taozhu Sun
- Lab of Animal Behavior & Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Lab of Animal Behavior & Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Lab of Animal Behavior & Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of BIology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- Lab of Animal Behavior & Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Kim K, Andersen D, Jang Y. Predictive Modeling of Ungulate-Vehicle Collision in the Republic of Korea. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1068. [PMID: 37626954 PMCID: PMC10451958 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Animal-vehicle collisions (AVC) threaten animals as well as human life and property. AVC with ungulates, called ungulate-vehicle collision (UVC), often seriously endangers human safety because of the considerable body size of ungulates. In the Republic of Korea, three ungulate species, Capreolus pygargus, Hydropotes inermis, and Sus scrofa, account for a large proportion of AVC. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of UVC by examining various parameters related to habitat, traffic, and seasonality using MaxEnt. The results showed that the peak UVC seasons coincided with the most active seasonal behaviors of the studied ungulates. For the modeling results, in C. pygargus, habitat variables are most important for models across seasons, and UVC events are most likely to occur in high mountain chains. In H. inermis, habitat and traffic variables are most important for models across seasons. Although the important habitat for the models were different across seasons for S. scrofa, the maximum speed was consistently critical for models across all seasons. Factors critical to UVC in the Republic of Korea were different for the three ungulate species and across seasons, indicating that seasonal behavior should be considered along with landscape and traffic characteristics to mitigate UVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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3
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Gonçalves LO, Brack IV, Zank C, Beduschi J, Kindel A. Spatially prioritizing mitigation for amphibian roadkills based on fatality estimation and landscape conversion. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Roads cause biodiversity loss and the effects of wildlife-vehicle collisions may ripple from individuals and populations to ecosystem functioning. Amphibians are threatened worldwide and, despite being particularly prone to roadkill impacts, they are often neglected in assessments. Here, we develop a sampling and analytical framework for spatially prioritizing mitigation actions for anuran amphibian roadkills based on fatality estimation and landscape conversion. The framework is composed of the six following steps: (1) pre-selection of segments to survey using the wetland coverage in the surroundings and the presence of roadkills of aquatic reptiles as a proxy for wet areas; (2) spatiotemporally replicated counts with a dependent double-observer protocol, that is, each segment is sampled multiple times by two pairs of people on foot; (3) extraction of covariates hypothesized to affect spatial and temporal variation in roadkill rates and persistence; (4) hierarchical open-population N-mixture modelling to estimate population dynamics parameters, which accounts for imperfect detection and spatiotemporal heterogeneity in removal, detection, and roadkill rates, and explicitly estimates carcass entries per time interval. (5) Assessment of land cover transition to infer landscape stability; and (6) prioritization of segments based on higher fatality rates and lower landscape conversion rates. We estimated a mean of 136 (95%CrI = 130–142) anurans roadkill per km per day in the 50 sample sites selected. The initial number of carcasses had a positive relationship with the percentage occupied by wetlands and a negative association with the percentage occupied by urban areas. The number of entrant carcass per interval was higher in the presence of rainfall and had a positive association with the wetlands cover. Carcass persistence probability was higher at night and lower in sites with high traffic volume. Ten segments (~1% of road extension) were prioritized using the median as threshold for fatality estimates and landscape conversion. It is urgent to appropriately evaluate the number of amphibians roadkilled aiming to plan and implement mitigation measures specifically designed for these small animals. Our approach accounts for feasibility (focused on sites with greater relevance), robustness (considering imperfect detection), and steadiness (less prone to loss of effectiveness due to landscape dynamics).
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Hlatshwayo TI, Stam EM, Collinson-Jonker WJ, Dawood A. An inventory of amphibian roadkill in the western Soutpansberg, Limpopo province, South Africa. AFR J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2022.2115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thabo I Hlatshwayo
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Midrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Eduard M Stam
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Wendy J Collinson-Jonker
- The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Midrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Research Fellow: South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Abeda Dawood
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research, Innovation and Engagement, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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5
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An artificial intelligent framework for prediction of wildlife vehicle collision hotspots based on geographic information systems and multispectral imagery. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Abstract
The number of road traffic accidents decreased in Lithuania from 2002 to 2017, while the ungulate–vehicle collision (UVC) number increased and accounted for approximately 69% of all wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) in the country. Understanding the relationship between UVCs, traffic intensity, and implemented mitigation measures is important for the assessment of UVC mitigation measure efficiency. We assessed the effect of annual average daily traffic (AADT) and wildlife fencing on UVCs using regression analysis of changes in annual UVCs and UVC hotspots on different categories of roads. At the highest rates, annual UVC numbers and UVC hotspots increased on lower category (national and regional) roads, forming a denser network. Lower rates of UVC increase occurred on higher category (main) roads, forming sparser road networks and characterized by the highest AADT. Before 2011, both UVC occurrence and fenced road sections were most common on higher-category roads. However, as of 2011, the majority of UVCs occurred on lower-category roads where AADT and fencing had no impact on UVCs. We conclude that wildlife fencing on roads characterized by higher speed and traffic intensity may decrease UVC numbers and at the same time shifting UVC occurrence towards roads characterized by lower speed and traffic intensity. Wildlife fencing re-allocates wildlife movement pathways toward roads with insufficient or no mitigation measures.
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Cerqueira RC, Leonard PB, da Silva LG, Bager A, Clevenger AP, Jaeger JAG, Grilo C. Potential Movement Corridors and High Road-Kill Likelihood do not Spatially Coincide for Felids in Brazil: Implications for Road Mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 67:412-423. [PMID: 33469694 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The negative effects of roads on wildlife populations are a growing concern. Movement corridors and road-kill data are typically used to prioritize road segments for mitigation measures. Some research suggests that locations where animals move across roads following corridors coincide with locations where they are often killed by vehicles. Other research indicates that corridors and road-kill rarely occur in the same locations. We compared movement corridor and road mortality models as means of prioritizing road segments for mitigation for five species of felids in Brazil: tiger cats (Leopardus tigrinus and Leopardus guttulus were analyzed together), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), and puma (Puma concolor). We used occurrence data for each species and applied circuit theory to identify potential movement corridors crossed by roads. We used road-kill records for each species and applied maximum entropy to determine where mortality was most likely to occur on roads. Our findings suggest that movement corridors and high road mortality are not spatially associated. We suggest that differences in the behavioral state of the individuals in the species occurrence and road-kill data may explain these results. We recommend that the road segments for which the results from the two methods agree (~5300 km for all studied species combined at 95th percentile) should be high-priority candidates for mitigation together with road segments identified by at least one method in areas where felids occur in low population densities or are threatened by isolation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Cobucci Cerqueira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, PO Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Paul B Leonard
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Science Applications, 101 12th Avenue, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
| | - Lucas Gonçalves da Silva
- Centro UnB Cerrado, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Alex Bager
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, PO Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Anthony P Clevenger
- Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University, PO Box 174250, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jochen A G Jaeger
- Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, Concordia University Montreal, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Suite H1255, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Clara Grilo
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, PO Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon & CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Brunen B, Daguet C, Jaeger JAG. What attributes are relevant for drainage culverts to serve as efficient road crossing structures for mammals? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110423. [PMID: 32510423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Roads increase wildlife mortality and present a movement barrier for many species. While wildlife passages have been advocated as a solution to many of the problems associated with roads, they are expensive and many roads still have none. However, roads usually have a series of drainage culverts designed to allow water to cross underneath the road, which might also be used by some mammals. This study aims to (1) determine what variables influence the number of successful passages of drainage culverts by mammals, and to (2) parse the effects that these variables have on the entry into and subsequent full passage of drainage culverts by individual mammals, using cameras and animal track stations along a 20 km stretch of autoroute 10 in Southern Quebec (Canada). Overall, 20 species were observed outside of the drainage culverts, but only about half of them were detected making full crossings. While various species were often seen outside, only animals highly tolerant to water, including raccoons (Procyon lotor) and American mink (Neovison vison), were observed fully crossing the structures with regularity, whereas the number of full crossings was small (<8) for all other species. High-water levels and use of polyethylene as a construction material were the strongest deterrents for both the number of successful passages and the probability of entry into the culverts. While several variables (e.g., water level, structure material, moon luminosity, distance to forest) influenced culvert entry, none had an influence on a mammal's probability of complete passage once it had entered. The results imply that ordinary drainage culverts are unsuitable as substitutes for designated wildlife passages for mammals. We recommend the installation of designated wildlife passages and fences, and that in places where wildlife passages are not feasible, dry ledges be installed in existing drainage culverts to better allow small and medium-sized mammals to safely cross under roads while avoiding the water inside of the culverts. To our knowledge, this study is the first to successfully combine trail cameras inside of drainage culverts with track-box data in the adjacent habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brunen
- Concordia University Montréal, Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite H1255, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Caroline Daguet
- Appalachian Corridor, 37 des Pins Sud, Eastman, QC, J0E 1P0, Canada.
| | - Jochen A G Jaeger
- Concordia University Montréal, Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Suite H1255, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1M8, Canada; Loyola Sustainability Research Centre, Concordia University Montréal, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, Québec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Silveira Miranda JE, de Melo FR, Keichi Umetsu R. Are Roadkill Hotspots in the Cerrado Equal Among Groups of Vertebrates? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 65:565-573. [PMID: 32060629 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understand the spatial distribution of wildlife roadkill is necessary to design mitigation measures minimizing damage to the fauna and the human population. Thus, we aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of wildlife roadkill in the Brazilian savanna ("Cerrado") to test whether roadkill hotspots match between the studied animal groups. We collected data of wildlife roadkill over a year in the southwest region of the state of Goiás, Brazil. To understand the distribution of roadkill on highways and to identify the aggregation hotspots, we used the modified two-dimensional Ripley K test and the two-dimensional hotspot identification analysis. We detected that birds and mammals have different aggregation points. These points may vary when the two groups are analyzed together or when species with greater abundance are removed from the analyses. Hence, we concluded that using generalist approaches including several species, are not enough, and can lead to erroneous conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary that the analyses be done in groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Eduardo Silveira Miranda
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Iporá, FAI, Iporá, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Associate Professor III, Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Muriqui Institute for Biodiversity, Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Brazilian Coordinator of the Primate Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, Internation Union for Conservation of Nature (PSG/SSC/IUCN), Austin, USA
| | - Ricardo Keichi Umetsu
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Wright PG, Coomber FG, Bellamy CC, Perkins SE, Mathews F. Predicting hedgehog mortality risks on British roads using habitat suitability modelling. PeerJ 2020; 7:e8154. [PMID: 31998548 PMCID: PMC6979406 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Road vehicle collisions are likely to be an important contributory factor in the decline of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Britain. Here, a collaborative roadkill dataset collected from multiple projects across Britain was used to assess when, where and why hedgehog roadkill are more likely to occur. Seasonal trends were assessed using a Generalized Additive Model. There were few casualties in winter-the hibernation season for hedgehogs-with a gradual increase from February that reached a peak in July before declining thereafter. A sequential multi-level Habitat Suitability Modelling (HSM) framework was then used to identify areas showing a high probability of hedgehog roadkill occurrence throughout the entire British road network (∼400,000 km) based on multi-scale environmental determinants. The HSM predicted that grassland and urban habitat coverage were important in predicting the probability of roadkill at a national scale. Probabilities peaked at approximately 50% urban cover at a one km scale and increased linearly with grassland cover (improved and rough grassland). Areas predicted to experience high probabilities of hedgehog roadkill occurrence were therefore in urban and suburban environments, that is, where a mix of urban and grassland habitats occur. These areas covered 9% of the total British road network. In combination with information on the frequency with which particular locations have hedgehog road casualties, the framework can help to identify priority areas for mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G.R. Wright
- Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- The Mammal Society, London, UK
| | - Frazer G. Coomber
- Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- The Mammal Society, London, UK
| | | | | | - Fiona Mathews
- Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- The Mammal Society, London, UK
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11
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VanAcker MC, Little EAH, Molaei G, Bajwa WI, Diuk-Wasser MA. Enhancement of Risk for Lyme Disease by Landscape Connectivity, New York, New York, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:1136-1143. [PMID: 31107213 PMCID: PMC6537717 DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.181741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tickborne disease studies in the United States are conducted in low-intensity residential development and forested areas, leaving much unknown about urban infection risks. To understand Lyme disease risk in New York, New York, USA, we conducted tick surveys in 24 parks throughout all 5 boroughs and assessed how park connectivity and landscape composition contribute to Ixodes scapularis tick nymphal densities and Borrelia burgdorferi infection. We used circuit theory models to determine how parks differentially maintain landscape connectivity for white-tailed deer, the reproductive host for I. scapularis ticks. We found forested parks with vegetated buffers and increased connectivity had higher nymph densities, and the degree of park connectivity strongly determined B. burgdorferi nymphal infection prevalence. Our study challenges the perspective that tickborne disease risk is restricted to suburban and natural settings and emphasizes the need to understand how green space design affects vector and host communities in areas of emerging urban tickborne disease.
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12
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Ecological networks: Pursuing the shortest path, however narrow and crooked. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17826. [PMID: 31780703 PMCID: PMC6883044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Representing data as networks cuts across all sub-disciplines in ecology and evolutionary biology. Besides providing a compact representation of the interconnections between agents, network analysis allows the identification of especially important nodes, according to various metrics that often rely on the calculation of the shortest paths connecting any two nodes. While the interpretation of a shortest paths is straightforward in binary, unweighted networks, whenever weights are reported, the calculation could yield unexpected results. We analyzed 129 studies of ecological networks published in the last decade that use shortest paths, and discovered a methodological inaccuracy related to the edge weights used to calculate shortest paths (and related centrality measures), particularly in interaction networks. Specifically, 49% of the studies do not report sufficient information on the calculation to allow their replication, and 61% of the studies on weighted networks may contain errors in how shortest paths are calculated. Using toy models and empirical ecological data, we show how to transform the data prior to calculation and illustrate the pitfalls that need to be avoided. We conclude by proposing a five-point check-list to foster best-practices in the calculation and reporting of centrality measures in ecology and evolution studies.
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Kim K, Serret H, Clauzel C, Andersen D, Jang Y. Spatio-temporal characteristics and predictions of the endangered leopard cat Prionailirus bengalensis euptilura road-kills in the Republic of Korea. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Presley
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Laura M Cisneros
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Brian T Klingbeil
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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15
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Kang W, Thorne JH, Kim G, Lee D, Song Y. Conserving terrestrial linkages that connect natural landscapes of the Korean Peninsula. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:385. [PMID: 31111242 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced land degradation fragments natural ecosystems, hinders ecological processes, and threatens biodiversity. Maintaining or restoring ecological flows across landscapes through landscape linkages may provide a solution. Here, we identify a peninsula-wide ecological connectivity network for the Korean Peninsula using two linkage mapping models. We found three major north-south axes of connectivity traversing the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which emerged as an important east-west linkage. Only 7% of the highest-ranked connections are currently secured by protected areas. We found 120 linkages in North and South Korea that are intersected by road networks consisting of motorways and trunk roads under both models. These locations should be the focus of immediate attention for conservation planners, as well as 274 and 1130 additional road-impacted linkages under one model or the other. The results can be used for policy support, and potentially as a basis for the two countries to engage in discussions about ecosystem health and climate change adaptation. The approach presented here can also be efficiently used to assess and map natural landscape linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanmo Kang
- Department of Human Environment Design, Cheongju University, 298 Daeseong-ro, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - James H Thorne
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - GoWoon Kim
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkun Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Song
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Bíl M, Andrášik R, Duľa M, Sedoník J. On reliable identification of factors influencing wildlife-vehicle collisions along roads. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:297-304. [PMID: 30807975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) pose a serious global issue. Factors influencing the occurrence of WVC along roads can be divided in general into two groups: spatially random and non-random. The latter group consists of local factors which act at specific places, whereas the former group consists of globally acting factors. We analyzed 27,142 WVC records (roe deer and wild boar), which took place between 2012 and 2016 on Czech roads. Statistically significant clusters of WVCs occurrence were identified using the clustering (KDE+) approach. Local factors were consequently measured for the 75 most important clusters as cases and the same number of single WVCs outside clusters as controls, and identified by the use of odds ratio, Bayesian inference and logistic regression. Subsequently, a simulation study randomly distributing WVC in clusters into case and control groups was performed to highlight the importance of the clustering approach. All statistically significant clusters with roe deer (wild boar) contained 34% (27%) of all records related to this species. The overall length of the respective clusters covered 0.982% (0.177%) of the analyzed road network. The results suggest that the most pronounced signal identifying the statistically significant local factors is achieved when WVCs were divided according to their occurrence in clusters and outside clusters. We conclude that application of a clustering approach should precede regression modeling in order to reliably identify the local factors influencing spatially non-random occurrence of WVCs along the transportation infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bíl
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czechia.
| | - Richard Andrášik
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Duľa
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno, 613 00, Czechia
| | - Jiří Sedoník
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czechia
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Habitat suitability vs landscape connectivity determining roadkill risk at a regional scale: a case study on European badger (Meles meles). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Mestre F, Ascensão F, Barbosa A. gDefrag: A graph-based tool to help defragmenting landscapes divided by linear infrastructures. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nelli L, Langbein J, Watson P, Putman R. Mapping risk: Quantifying and predicting the risk of deer-vehicle collisions on major roads in England. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Snow NP, Zhang Z, Finley AO, Rudolph BA, Porter WF, Williams DM, Winterstein SR. Regional-based mitigation to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Snow
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Statistics and Probability; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - Andrew O. Finley
- Departments of Forestry and Geography; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | | | - William F. Porter
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
| | - Scott R. Winterstein
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823 USA
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