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Keck JM, Viteri A, Schultz J, Fong R, Whitman C, Poush M, Martin M. New Agents Are Coming, and So Is the Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:648. [PMID: 39061330 PMCID: PMC11273847 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that requires urgent attention to slow the spread of resistant pathogens. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has emphasized clinician-driven antimicrobial stewardship approaches including the reporting and proper documentation of antimicrobial usage and resistance. Additional efforts have targeted the development of new antimicrobial agents, but narrow profit margins have hindered manufacturers from investing in novel antimicrobials for clinical use and therefore the production of new antibiotics has decreased. In order to combat this, both antimicrobial drug discovery processes and healthcare reimbursement programs must be improved. Without action, this poses a high probability to culminate in a deadly post-antibiotic era. This review will highlight some of the global health challenges faced both today and in the future. Furthermore, the new Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for resistant Gram-negative pathogens will be discussed. This includes new antimicrobial agents which have gained or are likely to gain FDA approval. Emphasis will be placed on which human pathogens each of these agents cover, as well as how these new agents could be utilized in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Myles Keck
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alina Viteri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Fong
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Charles Whitman
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Madeline Poush
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Marlee Martin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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2
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Garnfeldt VM, Vincent JL, Gruson D, Garay OU, Vansieleghem S, Iniguez L, Lefevre A. The budget impact of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship compared to standard of care for patients with suspected sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit in Belgium. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293544. [PMID: 37903106 PMCID: PMC10615283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Belgium, antibiotic resistance leads to approximately 530 deaths with a €24 million financial burden annually. This study estimated the impact of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship programs to reduce antibiotic consumption versus standard of care in patients with suspected sepsis. A decision analytic tree modelled health and budget outcomes of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship programs for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A literature search, a survey with local clinical experts, and national database searches were conducted to obtain model input parameters. The main outcomes were total budget impact per patient, reduction in number of antibiotic resistance cases, and cost per antibiotic day avoided. To evaluate the impact of parameter uncertainty on the source data, a deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. A scenario analysis was conducted to investigate budget impact when including parameters for reduction in length of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation duration, in addition to base-case parameters. Based on model predictions, procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship programs could reduce the number of antibiotic days by 66,868, resulting in €1.98 million savings towards antibiotic treatment in current clinical practice. Antibiotic resistance cases could decrease by 7.7% (6.1% vs 9.2%) in the procalcitonin-guided setting compared with standard of care. The base-case budget impact suggests an investment of €1.90 per patient. The sensitivity analysis showed uncertainty, as the main drivers can alter potential cost savings. The scenario analysis indicated a saving of €1,405 per patient, with a reduction of 1.5 days in the ICU (14.8 days vs 12.8 days), and a reduction of 22.7% (18.1-27.2%) in mechanical ventilation duration. The associated sensitivity analysis was shown to be robust in all parameters. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship programs are associated with clinical benefits that positively influence antimicrobial resistance in Belgium. A small investment per patient to implement procalcitonin testing may lead to considerable cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Madeleine Garnfeldt
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, Denmark
- Government, Access & Patient Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme, University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damien Gruson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Leonardo Iniguez
- Marketing and Medical Excellence, Roche Diagnostics Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Lefevre
- Government, Access & Patient Affairs, Roche Diagnostics Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Reingold SM, Grossman Z, Hadjipanayis A, Del Torso S, Valiulis A, Dembinski L, Ashkenazi S. Pediatric antibiotic stewardship programs in Europe: a pilot survey among delegates of The European Academy of Pediatrics. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1157542. [PMID: 37342529 PMCID: PMC10277725 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1157542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efforts to promote the judicious use of antibiotics and contain AMR are a priority of several medical organizations, including the WHO. One effective way to achieve this goal is the deployment of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs). This study aimed to survey the current situation of pediatric ASPs in European countries and establish a baseline for future attempts to harmonize pediatric ASPs and antibiotic use in Europe. Methods A web-based survey was conducted among national delegates of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). The survey assessed the presence of pediatric ASPs in the representatives' countries in the inpatient and outpatient settings, the staff included in the programs, and their detailed activities regarding antibiotic use. Results Of the 41 EAP delegates surveyed, 27 (66%) responded. Inpatient pediatric ASPs were reported in 74% (20/27) countries, and outpatient programs in 48% (13/27), with considerable variability in their composition and activities. Guidelines for managing pediatric infectious diseases were available in nearly all countries (96%), with those for neonatal infections (96%), pneumonia (93%), urinary tract (89%), peri-operative (82%), and soft tissue (70%) infections being the most common. Pediatric ASPs were reported at the national (63%), institutional (41%), and regional/local (<15%) levels. Pediatricians with infectious disease training (62%) and microbiologists (58%) were the most common members of the program personnel, followed by physician leaders (46%), infectious disease/infection control physicians (39%), pharmacists (31%), and medical director representatives (15%). Activities of the pediatric ASPs included educational programs (85%), monitoring and reporting of antibiotic use (70%) and resistance (67%), periodic audits with feedback (44%), prior approval (44%), and post-prescription review of selected antibiotic agents (33%). Conclusion Although pediatric ASPs exist in most European countries, their composition and activities vary considerably across countries. Initiatives to harmonize comprehensive pediatric ASPs across Europe are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Reingold
- Department of Pediatrics, Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zachi Grossman
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Maccabi Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- Medical School, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Paediatrics, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Stefano Del Torso
- Department of Pediatrics, ChildCare WorldWide—CCWWItalia OdV, Padova, Italy
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Human Ecology Research Group, Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukasz Dembinski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Hou J, Long X, Wang X, Li L, Mao D, Luo Y, Ren H. Global trend of antimicrobial resistance in common bacterial pathogens in response to antibiotic consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130042. [PMID: 36182890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat worldwide and antibiotic consumption is being increasingly recognized as the main selective pressure driving this resistance. However, global trend in antibiotic resistance in response to antibiotic consumption is not fully understood. In this study, we collected national resistance data on specific resistant pathogens considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as priority and antibiotic consumption data for 61 countries to assess the global trends in antibiotic resistance of those common bacterial pathogens and their association with antibiotic consumption. The low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represented the largest hotspots of resistance, which presented relatively higher resistance rates in common bacterial pathogens but lower antibiotic consumption rates compared to high-income countries (HICs). Specifically, we developed the Normalized Antibiotic Resistance/Consumption Index (NARCI) and produced global maps of NARCI to roughly assess the appropriateness of antibiotic consumption across countries and to indicate the potentially inappropriate antibiotic consumption in LMICs compared with HICs. Additionally, we linked antibiotic consumption rates and resistance rates of target pathogens, in conjunction with NARCI and the correlation analysis between antibiotic use and resistance, to inform strategies to alleviate the threat of antibiotic resistance worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linyun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DMP. Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010024. [PMID: 36677316 PMCID: PMC9866002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.
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Zhurakivska K, Russo LL, Muzio LL, Caponio VCA, Laino L, Arena C, Cirillo N, Troiano G. Antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of dental implant placement: a cost-effectiveness analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1073. [PMID: 35996129 PMCID: PMC9396847 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic prophylaxis during implant placement may improve implant short term survival. Nevertheless, use of antibiotics carries risks of adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. The aim of the present study is to compare the use of antibiotics in dental implant procedures in terms of costs and effectiveness. Methods A decision-tree model was developed using TreeAge Pro Healthcare software. Two strategies were compared: Antibiotics and No antibiotics in implant placement procedures. The costs were calculated considering direct costs for implant placement, antibiotic costs, and costs for implant replacement in case of failure. Effectiveness was defined in terms of General Oral Health Assessment Index. Outcomes were evaluated as Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). One-way sensitivity analysis and Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis were performed for the most influential variables to test parameter uncertainty. Patient and healthcare perspectives were considered. Results Antibiotic prophylaxis resulted to be cost-effective compared to no use of antibiotics (ICER = 14,692,64 and ICER = 3841,18, respectively for patient’s and healthcare perspective). The cost of antibiotics, cost of implant replacement in case of failure and probability of adverse effects significantly influenced the results. Conclusions From an individual patient perspective, antibiotic strategy can be considered cost-effective, even when the cost of antibiotic therapy increases. We can conclude that the administration of antibiotics in association with implant placement is recommended in clinical practice, as it increases the success rate and makes the treatment more effective. However, attention should be placed when healthcare perspective is considered, particularly in terms of antibiotic resistance that may impact public health and associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences Naples University, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Arena
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences Naples University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Özcebe H, Üner S, Karadag O, Daryani A, Gershuni O, Czabanowska K, Brand H, Erdsiek F, Aksakal T, Brzoska P. Perspectives of physicians and pharmacists on rational use of antibiotics in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands: a qualitative study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2022; 23:29. [PMID: 35168554 PMCID: PMC8848838 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance may result from inappropriate use of antibiotics in health care. Turkey is one of the countries with the highest antibiotic consumption in the world. Considering the role of transnational ties between Turkish migrants and their social contacts in Turkey, the attitudes and behaviors relating to rational antibiotic use in Turkey can also affect the use of antibiotics by Turkish migrants residing abroad. This study explores physicians’ and pharmacists’ experiences and perspectives on rational antibiotic use among Turkish adults in Turkey and among Turkish migrants in Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands, three European countries with large populations of Turkish migrants. Methods Following a qualitative study design using convenience and snowball sampling, in-depth interviews with 21 family physicians and 24 pharmacists were conducted in the aforementioned countries. We transcribed all interviews verbatim and performed content analysis separately in the countries, followed by translation, pooling and joint interpretation of the findings. Results Physicians and pharmacists encountered irrational use of antibiotics among their patients in Turkey. Physicians interviewed in the three European countries explained that Turkish migrants differ from non-migrants with respect to their attitudes towards antibiotics, for example by more often expecting to be prescribed antibiotics. All physicians and pharmacists in the selected countries reported to inform their patients on how to use antibiotics upon prescription; however, Turkish migrants’ poor language proficiency was considered as a substantial communication barrier by the physicians and pharmacists interviewed in the European countries. Conclusions The study illustrated some aspects of irrational antibiotic use among the population in Turkey and Turkish migrants in selected European countries. It emphasized the need for closer community participation, adequate information campaigns, as well as in-service training of health care providers in Turkey. The strategies and interventions on rational antibiotic use should also be supported and encouraged by health care providers, who need to reach out to people with various cultural backgrounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-022-01636-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Özcebe
- Department of Public, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sarp Üner
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Karadag
- Columbia University, Earth Institute, Center for Sustainable Development, New York, NY, USA.,Hacettepe University, Institute of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Achraf Daryani
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Gershuni
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of International Health, Maastricht University, FHML, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Czabanowska
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Brand
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute - CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Erdsiek
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany.,Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Epidemiology Unit, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tuğba Aksakal
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany.,Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Epidemiology Unit, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Health Services Research, Witten, Germany. .,Chemnitz University of Technology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Epidemiology Unit, Chemnitz, Germany.
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Wanat M, Santillo M, Borek AJ, Butler CC, Anthierens S, Tonkin-Crine S. OUP accepted manuscript. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac026. [PMID: 35321397 PMCID: PMC8935206 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to design appropriate antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes, it is crucial to understand challenges to tackling antibiotic resistance (AMR) specific to each healthcare setting. Antibiotic prescribing in primary care accounts for most prescriptions with a significant proportion considered clinically inappropriate. Qualitative research has a long history in social sciences, but its value and contribution are still contested in medical journals including in the AMR/AMS field. However, through its focus on understanding, meaning making and explaining, qualitative research can offer insights in how to improve AMS efforts in primary care. This paper provides an overview of unique considerations, contributions and challenges related to using qualitative research in AMS to help the AMS community new to qualitative research to utilize its potential most fully. First, we discuss specific considerations for AMS in relation to the stages of conducting a qualitative study, including identifying a research question and choosing a suitable methodology; sampling appropriate participants; planning a recruitment strategy; choosing a method of data collection; and conducting data analysis. These are illustrated with examples of qualitative AMS studies in primary care. Second, we highlight the importance of patient and public involvement throughout all stages of the project and ensuring quality in qualitative AMS research. Finally, drawing on these considerations, we make a further case for the value and contribution of qualitative methodologies in AMS/AMR research while outlining future directions for both AMS and qualitative research, including the need for studies with diverse actors; interdisciplinary collaborations; and complex decisions on methodologies and timelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wanat
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ; @SKGTonkinCrine, @BorekAleksandra, @MartaSantillo, @marta_wanat, @sibylanthierens, @ChrisColButler
| | - Marta Santillo
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aleksandra J. Borek
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C. Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sibyl Anthierens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Tonkin-Crine
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Oxford, UK
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Oikonomou ME, Gkentzi D, Karatza A, Fouzas S, Vervenioti A, Dimitriou G. Parental Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Use for Childhood Upper Respiratory Tract Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070802. [PMID: 34356723 PMCID: PMC8300644 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to assess parents' knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use for children with URTIs symptoms in Greece in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. We distributed a questionnaire to a random sample of parents who visited primary health care centers in Patras, Greece. Out of 412 participants, 86% believed that most infections with common cold or flu symptoms were caused by viruses, although 26.9% believed that antibiotics may prevent complications. Earache was the most common symptom for which antibiotics were needed. Most of them (69%) declare being considerably anxious about their children's health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority (85%) knew that COVID-19 was of viral origin, yet half of them declared uncertain whether antibiotics were needed. All demographic characteristics, except for gender, were found to have a significant effect on parents' knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use for URTIs and COVID-19. Factor analysis revealed six groups of parents with common characteristics associated with misuse of antibiotics. Our findings highlight the need to decrease misconceptions regarding antibiotic use by providing relevant education for parents targeting particular characteristics, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous education of healthcare providers in the field is also of paramount importance.
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10
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Antimicrobial stewardship in central Eastern European countries. Wien Med Wochenschr 2021; 171:2-3. [PMID: 33560498 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-020-00807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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