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Liu C, Wong T, Leung D, Park HYL, Aung T, Aihara M, Makornwattana M, Fang SK, Park KH, Leung C. Clinical Staging of Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Syndrome in Glaucoma: A Review from Asia. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:424-428. [PMID: 38842062 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2361001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Topical prostaglandin analogues are commonly used to treat patients with glaucoma, but may cause periocular and periorbital complications known as prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy syndrome (PAPS). METHODS A literature review was conducted on PAPS. Given the lack of consensus on grading PAPS, glaucoma specialists from Asia convened to evaluate current PAPS grading systems and propose additional considerations in grading PAPS. RESULTS Existing grading systems are limited by the lack of specificity in defining grades and consideration for patients' subjective perception of symptoms. Patient-reported symptoms (e.g., via a self-assessment tool) and additional clinical assessments (e.g., exophthalmometry, lid laxity, differences between tonometry results, baseline measurements, and external ocular photographs) would be beneficial for grading PAPS systematically. CONCLUSIONS Effective management of PAPS could be facilitated by a common clinical grading system to consistently and accurately diagnose and characterise symptoms. Further research is required to validate specific recommendations and approaches to stage and monitor PAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tina Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dexter Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Tin Aung
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ki Ho Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christopher Leung
- School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zeppieri M, Gagliano C, Spadea L, Salati C, Chukwuyem EC, Enaholo ES, D’Esposito F, Musa M. From Eye Care to Hair Growth: Bimatoprost. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:561. [PMID: 38794131 PMCID: PMC11124470 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bimatoprost has emerged as a significant medication in the field of medicine over the past several decades, with diverse applications in ophthalmology, dermatology, and beyond. Originally developed as an ocular hypotensive agent, it has proven highly effective in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Its ability to reduce intraocular pressure has established it as a first-line treatment option, improving management and preventing vision loss. In dermatology, bimatoprost has shown promising results in the promotion of hair growth, particularly in the treatment of alopecia and hypotrichosis. Its mechanism of action, stimulating the hair cycle and prolonging the growth phase, has led to the development of bimatoprost-containing solutions for enhancing eyelash growth. AIM The aim of our review is to provide a brief description, overview, and studies in the current literature regarding the versatile clinical use of bimatoprost in recent years. This can help clinicians determine the most suitable individualized therapy to meet the needs of each patient. METHODS Our methods involve a comprehensive review of the latest advancements reported in the literature in bimatoprost formulations, which range from traditional eye drops to sustained-release implants. These innovations offer extended drug delivery, enhance patient compliance, and minimize side effects. RESULTS The vast literature published on PubMed has confirmed the clinical usefulness of bimatoprost in lowering intraocular pressure and in managing patients with glaucoma. Numerous studies have shown promising results in dermatology and esthetics in promoting hair growth, particularly in treating alopecia and hypotrichosis. Its mechanism of action involves stimulating the hair cycle and prolonging the growth phase, leading to the development of solutions that enhance eyelash growth. The global use of bimatoprost has expanded significantly, with applications growing beyond its initial indications. Ongoing research is exploring its potential in glaucoma surgery, neuroprotection, and cosmetic procedures. CONCLUSIONS Bimatoprost has shown immense potential for addressing a wide range of therapeutic needs through various formulations and advancements. Promising future perspectives include the exploration of novel delivery systems such as contact lenses and microneedles to further enhance drug efficacy and patient comfort. Ongoing research and future perspectives continue to shape its role in medicine, promising further advancements and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, “ Sapienza” University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabiana D’Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, London NW1 5QH, UK
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Nigeria;
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Narayanaswamy A, Sood SR, Thakur S. Selective laser trabeculoplasty: An updated narrative review. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:312-319. [PMID: 38421290 PMCID: PMC11001228 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2104_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has experienced a resurgence in interest, primarily driven by promising findings from the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Trial. By offering SLT as an initial drug-free treatment option, we may be able to thwart issues such as adherence and persistence that plague our current medical management protocols. In this comprehensive narrative review, we delve into the current body of literature that explores the utility of SLT across a wide spectrum of scenarios and glaucoma subtypes. We present evidence that provides valuable insight into the efficacy and benefits of SLT, positioning it as a viable option in the management of glaucoma. Careful consideration of the associated risks and challenges is also necessary for successful adoption into clinical practice. Despite the ample evidence supporting SLT's efficacy, some questions remain regarding its long-term effects and the potential need for retreatment. This review aims to shed light on these aspects to guide clinicians in making informed decisions and tailoring treatment plans to individual patient needs. This review also provides the readers with a bird's eye view of the potential impact of SLT and adds clarity to the various therapeutic protocols that one can follow to ensure optimal clinical outcomes for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shana R Sood
- Glaucoma Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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Liu M, Honjo M, Yamagishi R, Aihara M. Effects of Brimonidine, Omidenepag Isopropyl, and Ripasudil Ophthalmic Solutions to Protect against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1014-1025. [PMID: 37466387 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2235892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress causes human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell dysfunction observed in open angle glaucoma (OAG) in vitro, and the effects of topical glaucoma medications on oxidative stress in HTM cells. METHODS We used commercially available ophthalmic solutions of brimonidine, omidenepag isopropyl, and ripasudil in the study. HTM cells were exposed to H2O2 for 1 h, with or without glaucoma medications. We assessed cell viability and senescence via WST-1 and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity assays. After exposure to H2O2 and glaucoma medications, we evaluated changes in markers of fibrosis and stress by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure the mRNA levels of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), endoplasmic reticulum stress markers of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and splicing X-box binding protein-1 (sXBP-1). RESULTS HTM cell viability decreased and SA-β-Gal activity increased significantly after exposure to H2O2. Treatment with three ophthalmic solutions attenuated these changes. Real-time qPCR revealed that H2O2 upregulated the mRNA levels of COL1A1, fibronectin, α-SMA, CHOP, GRP78, and sXBP-1, whereas it downregulated MMP-2 mRNA expression significantly. Brimonidine suppressed the upregulation of stress markers CHOP and GRP78. Additionally, omidenepag isopropyl and ripasudil decreased the upregulation of COL1A1 and sXBP-1. Furthermore, ripasudil significantly suppressed fibrotic markers fibronectin and α-SMA, compared with the other two medications. CONCLUSION In vitro, H2O2 treatment of HTM cells induced characteristic changes of OAG, such as fibrosis changes and the upregulation of stress markers. These glaucomatous changes were attenuated by additional treatments with brimonidine, omidenepag isopropyl, and ripasudil ophthalmic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yamagishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Subbulakshmi S, Kavitha S, Venkatesh R. Prostaglandin analogs in ophthalmology. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1768-1776. [PMID: 37203029 PMCID: PMC10391402 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2706_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only approach to prevent further optic nerve head damage. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for glaucoma patients. In recent years, a significant milestone in glaucoma treatment has been a transition to prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) as the first line of drugs. The rapid shift from traditional β-blockers to PGAs is primarily due to their excellent efficacy, convenient once-a-day usage, better diurnal control of IOP, and systemic safety profiles. This review article aims to provide information regarding the various PGAs in practice and also the newer promising drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subbulakshmi
- Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Puducherry, India
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Ishida A, Miki T, Naito T, Ichioka S, Takayanagi Y, Tanito M. Surgical Results of Trabeculectomy among Groups Stratified by Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Severity. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:297-303. [PMID: 36522821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the role of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) severity in the surgical effectiveness of trabeculectomy (LEC). DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 139 consecutive eyes of 139 Japanese subjects (74 men, 65 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 65.7 ± 10.6 years) who underwent LEC were included. All had primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), no history of conjunctival incisional surgery, completed all postoperative visits for 12 months, and information on the PAP severity using the Shimane University PAP Grading System (SU-PAP). METHODS Data were collected from a medical chart review at 2 hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of surgical success rates among groups stratified by SU-PAP grades 0 to 3 by survival curve analysis using the definitions of failure based on surgical intervention other than laser suture lysis (LSL), intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction below 20%, postoperative IOP exceeding 15 mmHg (definition A) or 12 mmHg (definition B), and a postoperative IOP below 6 mmHg. RESULTS Twelve months postoperatively, the success rates of grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 86%, 68%, 40%, and 0%, respectively, for definition A (P < 0.0001, log-rank test) and 86%, 61%, 36%, and 0%, respectively, for definition B (P < 0.0001). Interventions other than LSL (P < 0.0001, Cochran-Armitage trend test), IOP reduction less than 20% (P = 0.010), and IOP exceeding 15 mmHg (P = 0.016) or 12 mmHg (P < 0.0001) were associated with surgical failure; IOP under 6 mmHg was not (P = 0.31). The proportional hazard model for definition A showed that compared with grade 0, grade 2 (risk ratio [RR], 5.82, P = 0.0043) and grade 3 (RR, 12.2, P = 0.0003) were associated with surgical failure. For definition B, grade 1 (RR, 3.53, P = 0.040), grade 2 (RR, 6.65, P = 0.0021), and grade 3 (RR, 12.0, P = 0.0003) were associated with surgical failure. Differences in age, gender, preoperative IOP and medications, refractive error, and simultaneous cataract surgery were not associated with surgical failure in both models. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative presence of severe PAP worsens the 1-year success rate of LEC in patients with POAG. To retain the surgical effectiveness, treating physicians should prevent patients from progressing to severe PAP, an avoidable side effect, by switching or stopping the causative medications. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | | | | | - Sho Ichioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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Sakata R, Fujishiro T, Saito H, Nakamura N, Honjo M, Shirato S, Miyamoto E, Yamada Y, Aihara M. Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Symptom Alleviation After Switching Prostaglandin F Receptor Agonist to EP2 Receptor Agonist in Patients with Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:63-69. [PMID: 36318495 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in patients with glaucoma is reportedly not caused by EP2 agonist, but it has been a cosmetic problem with prostaglandin F receptor (FP) agonists. In this study, patients with prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy on FP agonists were switched to EP2 agonist and changes were investigated. Methods: Patients complaining of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy were included. The FP agonist was switched to EP2 agonist (omidenepag isopropyl), and patients were followed up for 7 months. Frontal photographs were taken at every visit, and objective changes in deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus were assessed by three observers. Subjective questionnaires (self-awareness of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus, eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation, eyelash elongation, and conjunctival hyperemia) were acquired at the start and the endpoint. Factors associated with the change of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Included were 23 eyes of 23 patients (17 women; 60.6 years). At 7 months, objective deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus improved by 76%. The subjective questionnaires showed that deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus improved in 95%, eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation in 76%. The less extent of myopia was a significant factor in the eyes with improved eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation. After switching, no change in intraocular pressure or visual acuity was observed (P ≥ 0.22). Conclusion: Switching to omidenepag isopropyl increased patient satisfaction and might be the first step to lightening deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus and eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation. It was suggested that pigmentation may be more easily improved in nonmyopic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujishiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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Addition of ROCK Inhibitors Alleviates Prostaglandin-Induced Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3L-1 Spheroids. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110702. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the additive effects of the ROCK inhibitors (ROCK-i), ripasudil (Rip) and Y27632 on bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), a prostaglandin analog (PG), on adipose tissue, two- and three-dimensional (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells, the most well characterized cells in the field of lipid research, were used. The cells were subjected to a variety of analyses including lipid staining, real-time cellular metabolic analysis, the mRNA expressions of genes related to adipogenesis and extracellular matrices (ECMs) as well as the sizes and physical properties of the 3D spheroids by a micro-squeezer. BIM-A induced strong inhibitory effects on most of the adipogenesis-related changes in the 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells, including (1) the enlargement and softening of the 3D spheroids, (2) a dramatic enhancement in lipid staining and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes, and (3) a decrease in mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic function. By adding ROCK-i to the BIM-A, most of these BIM-A-induced effects were cancelled. The collective findings reported herein suggest that ROCK-i eliminated the PG-induced suppression of adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells, accompanied by the formation of enlarged 3D spheroids. Such effects of adding ROCK-i to a PG in preadipocytes on cellular properties appear to be associated with the suppression of PG-induced adverse effects, and provide additional insight into our understanding of lipid-related research.
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The number of examinations required for the accurate prediction of the progression of the central 10-degree visual field test in glaucoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18843. [PMID: 36344722 PMCID: PMC9640563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the number of examinations required to precisely predict the future central 10-degree visual field (VF) test and to evaluate the effect of fitting non-linear models, including quadratic regression, exponential regression, logistic regression, and M-estimator robust regression model, for eyes with glaucoma. 180 eyes from 133 open angle glaucoma patients with a minimum of 13 Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 SITA standard VF tests were analyzed in this study. Using trend analysis with ordinary least squares linear regression (OLSLR), the first, second, and third future VFs were predicted in a point-wise (PW) manner using a varied number of prior VF sequences, and mean absolute errors (MAE) were calculated. The number of VFs needed to reach the minimum 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MAE of the OLSLR was investigated. We also examined the effect of applying other non-linear models. When predicting the first, second, and third future VFs using OLSLR, the minimum MAE was obtained using VF1-12 (2.15 ± 0.98 dB), VF1-11 (2.33 ± 1.10 dB), and VF1-10 (2.63 ± 1.36 dB), respectively. To reach the 95% CI of these MAEs, 10, 10, and 8 VFs were needed for the first, second and third future VF predictions, respectively. No improvement was observed by applying non-linear regression models. As a conclusion, approximately 8-10 VFs were needed to achieve an accurate prediction of PW VF sensitivity of the 10-degree central VF.
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Inoue K, Shiokawa M, Katakura S, Tsuruoka M, Kunimatsu-Sanuki S, Shimizu K, Ishida K, Tomita G. Periocular Adverse Reactions to Omidenepag Isopropyl. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 237:114-121. [PMID: 34942112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the periocular adverse reactions to omidenepag isopropyl (OMDI). DESIGN Nonrandomized comparative clinical study. METHODS We enrolled 100 patients (100 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who received initial treatment with OMDI or tafluprost in only 1 eye for ≥6 months. Photographs of the eyelids were taken on the day of the participants' visit after ≥6 months of prescription. Subsequently, 3 ophthalmologists individually determined the occurrence of eyelid pigmentation, eyelash growth, and deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES). Additionally, a questionnaire on the subjective symptoms was administered. Multivariate analysis of baseline data was performed to investigate the factors involved in adverse reactions. RESULTS The mean duration of drug administration was 10.2 ± 3.8 and 10.8 ± 4.1 months in the OMDI and tafluprost groups, respectively. The frequencies of eyelid pigmentation, eyelash growth, and DUES were 0.0%, 0.0%, and 2.0%, respectively, in the OMDI group, whereas the corresponding values in the tafluprost group were 4.0%, 32.0%, and 12.0%. The only significant difference was that the OMDI group showed fewer patients with eyelash growth than in the tafluprost group (P < .0001). In the questionnaire, the subjective symptoms of eyelid pigmentation, eyelash growth, and DUES were 8.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, in the OMDI group, whereas the corresponding values in the tafluprost group were 12.0%, 40.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a correlation between the type of drug administered and these adverse reactions (R = 0.38, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS The frequencies of periocular adverse reactions to OMDI, ranging from 0% to 2.0%, were lower than those to tafluprost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Inoue
- From the Inouye Eye Hospital (K.In., M.S., S.K., M.T., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Minako Shiokawa
- From the Inouye Eye Hospital (K.In., M.S., S.K., M.T., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiki Katakura
- From the Inouye Eye Hospital (K.In., M.S., S.K., M.T., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mieko Tsuruoka
- From the Inouye Eye Hospital (K.In., M.S., S.K., M.T., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kyoko Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center (K.Is., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goji Tomita
- From the Inouye Eye Hospital (K.In., M.S., S.K., M.T., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center (K.Is., G.T.), Tokyo, Japan
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Sano I, Takahashi H, Hara T, Kawashima H, Mayama C. Shortening of interpupillary distance after topical prostaglandin analog eye drop application in an ophthalmic surgeon: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101480. [PMID: 35313469 PMCID: PMC8933820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study reports a case of interpupillary distance (IPD) shortening after instillation of topical prostaglandin analog (PGA) eye drops. Observations The patient was a 36-year-old ophthalmic vitreoretinal surgeon from Tochigi, Japan, with primary open-angle glaucoma and bilaterally instilled PGA eye drops to decrease intraocular pressure. His IPD had been recorded closely based on surgical microscope settings. The patient had a stable IPD for over five years before the use of PGA drops. The patient noticed IPD shortening associated with latanoprost usage since four years. The IPD shortened further twice with temporal switching to bimatoprost. However, the IPD partially recovered both the times on discontinuing the medication over the course of several months. Conclusions and Importance Fluctuations in IPD with visible cosmetic changes occur in association with the use of topical PGA eye drops. There might be effects of PGA drops on binocular vision, which are possibly unaddressed and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiya Sano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya Izumo Shimane, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Hara Eye Hospital, 1-1-11, Nishi Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, 5-1 Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Prostaglandin F2 and EP2 Agonists Exert Different Effects on 3D 3T3-L1 Spheroids during Their Culture Phase. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121821. [PMID: 34944637 PMCID: PMC8698783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of switching a PGF2α agonist, bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), to an EP2 agonist (Omidenepag—OMD; butaprost—Buta) or reversing the switching on adipose tissue, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed by lipid staining and according to the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes (Pparγ, Ap2, and Leptin), components of the extracellular matrix (ECM; collagen1 (Col1), Col4, Col6, and fibronectin (Fn)), and the sizes and stiffness of the 3D spheroids. Switching from BIM-A to EP2 agonists caused (1) suppression of lipid staining and downregulation of most adipogenesis-related genes, (2) smaller and stiffer 3D spheroids, and (3) upregulation of Col1 and Fn, downregulation of Col4 (2D), or up-regulation of all ECM genes (3D, BIM-A to OMD), as well as downregulation of Col6 (3D, BIM-A to Buta). In contrast, reversing the switching resulted in (1) an enhancement in lipid staining (2D) and a significant upregulation of adipogenesis-related genes (2D, 3D Buta to BIM-A), (2) larger and slightly stiffer 3D spheroids, and (3) upregulation of Col1 and Fn (2D). These collective findings indicate that the switching orders of BIM-A and EP2 agonists have a significant effect on lipid metabolism, ECM expression, and the physical stiffness of 3T3-L1 cells.
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Sakata R, Chang PY, Sung KR, Kim TW, Wang TH, Perera SA, Cantor LB. Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy syndrome (PAPS): Addressing an unmet clinical need. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:447-454. [PMID: 34793279 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.2003824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are widely approved and preferred first-line options for glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). However, prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy syndrome (PAPS) is now a well-recognized clinical and cosmetic concern for patients receiving PGAs, especially during long-term and unilateral therapy. PGA-associated periocular changes occur in a substantial proportion of patients, with older patients (>60 years) at greater risk of clinical presentation. PAPS may hinder long-term management of glaucoma, including treatment adherence, ophthalmic surgery outcomes, and reliable IOP measurements. RECOMMENDATION New therapeutic approaches may address this unmet clinical need. Omidenepag isopropyl (OMDI) is a novel, non-prostaglandin, selective EP2 receptor agonist in ongoing development, which provides a unique pharmacological mechanism of action. OMDI appears to provide IOP reductions comparable to PGAs, but without PAPS-related undesirable effects. OMDI may offer a suitable long-term option for patients who demonstrate decreased efficacy, or failure, of PGAs, plus patients with significant PAPS, while fulfilling international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pei-Yao Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban-Chiao, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kyung Rim Sung
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tsing-Hong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shamira A Perera
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Louis B Cantor
- Eugene & Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Steinsapir KD, Steinsapir SMG. Revisiting the Safety of Prostaglandin Analog Eyelash Growth Products. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:658-665. [PMID: 33625141 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FDA approved bimatoprost ophthalmic solution 0.03% for treatment of eyelash hypotrichosis in 2008. Consumer concern persists regarding potential side effects of this product. OBJECTIVE To identify gaps in the safety information associated with the use of prostaglandin eyelash growth products. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, and Nexis Uni databases without restriction to publication date, language, or study setting. RESULTS The literature pertaining to bimatoprost for treatment of eyelash hypotrichosis is dominated by industry-sponsored clinical trials. Study design choices create gaps in our understanding of the clinical safety of these products. CONCLUSION Because of study design choice, clinical trials of bimatoprost for eyelash growth may have systematically underreported the incidence of drug application discomfort and prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy. The risk of increased iris pigmentation remains inadequately investigated. Consequently, there is an ongoing need to educate and monitor patients who choose to use these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Steinsapir
- Both authors are affiliated with the Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Tanito M, Ishida A, Ichioka S, Takayanagi Y, Tsutsui A, Manabe K, Shirakami T, Sugihara K, Matsuo M. Proposal of a simple grading system integrating cosmetic and tonometric aspects of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26874. [PMID: 34449456 PMCID: PMC8389881 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) graded using the Shimane University PAP Grading System (SU-PAP) among glaucoma/ocular hypertension subjects using a topical FP or EP2 receptor agonist was reported. A 460 consecutive 460 Japanese subjects (211 men, 249 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 69.9 ± 14.5 years) who had used either a FP agonist (0.005% latanoprost, 0.0015% tafluprost, 0.004% travoprost, 0.03% bimatoprost, or fixed combinations of these) or EP2-agonist (0.002% omidenepag isopropyl) for more than 3 months in at least 1 eye were retrospectively enrolled. Age, sex, prostaglandin, intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOPGAT) and iCare rebound tonometry (IOPRBT), difference between IOPGAT and IOPRBT (IOPGAT-RBT), PAP grade, and PAP grading items were compared among groups stratified by PAP grade or prostaglandins. Of the study patients, 114 (25%) had grade 0 (no PAP), 174 (38%) grade 1 (superficial cosmetic PAP), 141 (31%) grade 2 (deep cosmetic PAP), and 31 (7%) grade 3 (tonometric PAP). The IOPGAT was significantly higher in grade 3 (17.5 ± 5.4 mm Hg) than grades 0 (15.0 ± 5.1 mm Hg, P = .032) and 1 (14.5 ± 4.2 mm Hg, P = .008), and the IOPGAT-RBT was significantly higher in grade 3 (5.8 ± 3.2 mm Hg) than the other 3 grades (1.3-1.9 mm Hg, P < .001 for all comparisons); the IOPRBT was equivalent among the 4 grades. The PAP grade was significantly higher associated with travoprost (2.0 ± 0.8) and bimatoprost (2.0 ± 0.7) than latanoprost (1.0 ± 0.8, P < .001 for both comparisons) and tafluprost (1.0 ± 0.7, P < .001 for both comparisons), but significantly lower associated with omidenepag (0.0 ± 0.0, P < .001 for all comparisons) than the other 4 prostaglandins. Multivariate analyses showed older age (standard β = 0.11), travoprost (0.53, referenced by latanoprost) and bimatoprost (0.65) were associated with higher PAP grades, while tafluprost (-0.18) and omidenepag (-0.73) were associated with lower PAP grades. The PAP graded using SU-PAP reflects the degree of overestimation of the IOPGAT and different severities of PAP among the different prostaglandins. SU-PAP, the grade system constructed based on the underlining mechanisms of PAP, is a simple grading system for PAP that is feasible for use in a real-world clinical situation.
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Ida Y, Watanabe M, Umetsu A, Ohguro H, Hikage F. Addition of EP2 agonists to an FP agonist additively and synergistically modulates adipogenesis and the physical properties of 3D 3T3-L1 sphenoids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 171:102315. [PMID: 34246925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The additive effects of prostaglandin (PG)-EP2 agonists on a PG-FP agonist toward adipogenesis in two- or three-dimension (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells was examined by lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis related genes, and extracellular matrixes (ECMs) including collagen molecules (Col) -1, -4 and -6, and fibronectin (Fn), and the sizes and physical properties of 3D sphenoids, as measured by a micro-squeezer. The results indicate that adipogenesis induced 1) an enlargement in the sizes of 3D sphenoids, 2) a substantial enhancement in lipid staining, the expression of the PParγ, Ap2 and Leptin genes, and 3) a significant decrease in the stiffness of the 3D sphenoids. These effects were inhibited by bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), but 4) adipogenesis induced significant down-regulation of Col1 and Fn, and the significant up-regulation of the Col4 and Col6 genes were unchanged by BIM-A. On the addition of an EP2 agonist, such as omidenepag (OMD) or butaprost (Buta), to BIM-A, 1) the sizes of the 3D sphenoids were further decreased, 2) lipid staining was decreased (2D; OMD, 3D; Buta) 3) the stiffness of the 3D sphenoids was increased by Buta, 4) the expression of PParγ was up-regulated (2D; Buta) or unchanged (3D), the expression of Ap2 was down-regulated (2D; OMD) or up-regulated (3D; Buta), and the expression of Leptin was increased (2D), 5) the expression of all four (OMD) or all except Col4 (buta) in 2D, and Col1and Col4 (OMD) in 3D were up-regulated. These collective findings indicate that the addition of an EP2 agonist, OMD or Buta significantly modulated the BIM-A induced suppression of adipogenesis as well as physical properties of 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Sakata R, Fujishiro T, Saito H, Nakamura N, Honjo M, Shirato S, Miyamoto E, Yamada Y, Aihara M. Recovery of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus after switching from prostaglandin FP receptor agonists to EP2 receptor agonist: a 3-month prospective analysis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021; 65:591-597. [PMID: 34283308 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-021-00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of switching from a prostanoid FP receptor agonists to EP2 receptor agonist (omidenepag isopropyl) on the deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in Japanese glaucoma patients over 3 months post treatment. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS Patients with glaucoma who received FP receptor agonists treatment and had complained of DUES-related reduction in quality of life were included. Their FP receptor agonists was switched to omidenepag isopropyl without a drug holiday. At baseline and 1 and 3 months post-switch, photographs were taken and the changes in DUES were assessed by three independent observers. IOP and adverse events were also assessed. RESULTS The study included 23 eyes of 23 patients (6 men, 17 women; average age, 60.6 years). After switching, DUES improved in 12 eyes at 1 month and in 16 eyes at 3 months; eyes in the remaining patients showed no worsening of the condition. The mean IOP before switching was 15.3 ± 3.3 mmHg (95% confidence interval 13.9-16.7 mmHg). Following the switch, the mean IOP values were 15.6 ± 3.3 mmHg (14.1-17.0 mmHg) at 1 month and 15.5 ± 3.3 mmHg (14.1-16.9 mmHg) at 3 months (P = 1.0 at 1 month, P = 1.0 at 3 months; both adjusted by Bonferroni correction). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION Omidenepag isopropyl improved DUES while maintaining IOP in over 70% of Japanese patients with glaucoma who exhibited DUES caused by FP receptor agonists; the improvement was observed within 3 months after switching from FP receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Fujishiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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Aihara M. Prostanoid receptor agonists for glaucoma treatment. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021; 65:581-590. [PMID: 34228229 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-021-00844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure reduction is the only available and evidence-based medical therapy for glaucoma. Currently, the first-line eye drops are prostaglandin analogues including latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and tafluprost. These drugs stimulate intraocular prostanoid false positive (FP) receptors and reduce intraocular pressure by increasing mainly uveoscleral aqueous outflow. For 2 decades since latanoprost was launched, no drug has been comparable in its efficacy. In 2018, a prostanoid EP2 agonist, omidenepag, was launched in Japan. Current FP agonists and EP2 agonists indicate comparable intraocular pressure reduction by stimulating prostanoid FP or EP2 receptors. However, their safety profiles are quite different because of the differences between the intracellular signaling pathways through their own receptors. Including these commercially available FP and EP2 receptor agonists, prostanoid receptors have a large potential to control intraocular pressure. In this review I will trace the history and development of FP and EP2 receptor agonists from their original function, and explain their potential as first-line drugs including elucidation of their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Prostaglandin F2α agonists induced enhancement in collagen1 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of the deepening of upper eyelid sulcus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9002. [PMID: 33903711 PMCID: PMC8076191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous our study reported that three-dimension (3D) cultures of human orbital fibroblasts (HOFs) replicated the etiology of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) caused by prostaglandin F2α analogues (PGF2α-ags). To examine this further, the effects of PGF2α-ags on HOFs were characterized by (1) lipid staining (2D; two-dimension, 3D), (2) comparison of the 3D organoid sizes of preadipocytes (DIF-) or adipocytes (DIF+) that had been treated with various concentrations of several PGF2α-ags, (3) physical stiffness (3D), and (4) the mRNA expression of adipogenic related genes, extracellular matrix (ECM), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (3D). PGF2α-ags caused a dramatic down-sizing of the 3D DIF+ organoids and this reduction was concentration dependent. The effects caused by PGF2α-ags were also observed in 3D preadipocytes. Micro-squeezer analysis clearly indicated that PGF2α-ags induced an increase in their physical solidity. The size of each organoid under several conditions was inversely correlated with the mRNA expression profile of collagen1 (COL1), TIMP2, and MMP2 and 9. These findings indicate that PGF2α-ags affect the expression of COL1, TIMP2, and MMP2 and 9 which, in turn, modulate the 3D ECM network within the organoids, thus resulting in their downsizing.
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Seino S, Takada Y, Saika S. [Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride in Ophthalmic Eyedrop Medications on Corneal Epithelium]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:35-39. [PMID: 33390445 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eyedrops often contain additives other than active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as preservatives. The most frequently used preservative is benzalkonium chloride (BAC). When the ocular surface is exposed to eyedrops, the active pharmaceutical ingredients and additives can cause corneal epithelial disorder. Particularly in clinical settings, there is great interest in corneal epithelial disorders resulting from the use of glaucoma eyedrops, which is inevitable when instilled for a long period of time after the onset of disease. At the authors' institute, glaucoma is treated with consideration of reducing corneal epithelial disorder while ensuring the effect of lowering intraocular pressure by the appropriate choice of eyedrops. In this review, we show the examples of the retrospective studies. Sodium hyaluronate eyedrops are prescribed for corneal epithelial disorders such as superficial punctate keratitis associated with dry eye. Prescribable concentrations of sodium hyaluronate in Japan are 0.1% or 0.3%, and the 0.3% formulation does not contain BAC. The authors' study showed that 0.3% sodium hyaluronate pretreatment reduced the cytotoxicity of BAC in cultured corneal epithelial cells, whereas an in vivo study in mice showed that a 0.3% sodium hyaluronate instillation was suggested and that the drug may enhance the cytotoxicity of separately administered BAC. It is suggested that sodium hyaluronate prolonged the retention of BAC on the ocular surface. However, there have been no reports of this problem in the clinical setting. It is important for ophthalmologists to understand the properties of additives other than the active pharmaceutical ingredients in eyedrops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University
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Itoh K, Hikage F, Ida Y, Ohguro H. Prostaglandin F2α Agonists Negatively Modulate the Size of 3D Organoids from Primary Human Orbital Fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:13. [PMID: 32503053 PMCID: PMC7415291 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the molecular etiology of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) induced by prostaglandin (PG) analogs, a three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture system was employed using human orbital fibroblasts (HOFs). Methods During adipogenesis, changes in HOF 3D organoid sizes, as well as their lipids stained by BODIPY and expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by immunolabeling and/or quantitative PCR, were studied in the presence or absence of either 100-nM bimatoprost acid or 100-nM prostaglandin F2α. Results The size of the 3D organoids increased remarkably during adipogenesis, but such increases were significantly inhibited by the presence of PG analogs. Staining intensities by BODIPY and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma were significantly increased upon adipogenesis but were not influenced by the presence of PG analogs. Unique changes in ECM expression observed with or without adipogenic differentiation were significantly modified by the presence of PG analogs. Conclusions Our present study indicates that PG analogs have the potential to modulate the ECM network within HOF 3D organoids. Thus, a 3D tissue culture system may be a suitable strategy for understanding the disease etiology of DUES.
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Xu L, Asaoka R, Murata H, Kiwaki T, Zheng Y, Matsuura M, Fujino Y, Tanito M, Mori K, Ikeda Y, Kanamoto T, Yamanishi K. Improving Visual Field Trend Analysis with OCT and Deeply Regularized Latent-Space Linear Regression. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2020; 4:78-88. [PMID: 32791238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether OCT measurements can improve visual field (VF) trend analyses in glaucoma patients using the deeply regularized latent-space linear regression (DLLR) model. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Training and testing datasets included 7984 VF results from 998 eyes of 592 patients and 1184 VF results from 148 eyes of 84 patients with open-angle glaucoma, respectively. Each eye underwent a series of 8 VF tests with the Humphrey Field Analyzer OCT series obtained within the same observation period. METHODS Using pointwise linear regression (PLR), the threshold values of a patient's eighth VF results were predicted using values from shorter VF series (first to second VF tests [VF1-2], first to third VF tests, . . . , to first to seventh VF tests [VF1-7]), and the root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated. With DLLR, OCT measurements (macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, the thickness of macular ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer, and the thickness of the outer segment and retinal pigment epithelium) that were obtained within the period of shorter VF series were incorporated into the model to predict the eighth VF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prediction accuracy of VF trend analyses. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation RMSE resulting from PLR averaged 27.48 ± 16.14 dB for VF1-2 and 3.98 ± 2.25 dB for VF1-7. Significantly (P < 0.001) smaller RMSEs were obtained from DLLR: 4.57 ± 2.71 dB (VF1-2) and 3.65 ± 2.27 dB (VF1-7). CONCLUSIONS It is useful to include OCT measurements when predicting future VF progression in glaucoma patients, especially with short VF series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Xu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan; Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Kiwaki
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Matsuura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Oike-Ikeda Eye Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamanishi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ida Y, Hikage F, Itoh K, Ida H, Ohguro H. Prostaglandin F2α agonist-induced suppression of 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis affects spatial formation of extra-cellular matrix. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7958. [PMID: 32409724 PMCID: PMC7224398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) model that can be induced by prostaglandin (PG) analogues, a three-dimension (3D) tissue culture was employed. Upon adipogenesis of the 3T3-L1 organoid, the effects of either Bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), or PGF2α were examined. During the adipogenesis, organoid size, lipid staining by BODIPY and expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by immunocytochemistry and/or quantitative PCR were employed. The size of the organoid increased remarkably during the adipogenesis, while such increases were significantly inhibited by the presence of PGF2α or BIM-A. BODIPY positive lipid-laden cells significantly increased during the adipogenesis, while in contrast they were greatly suppressed by the presence of PGF2α. Characteristic and spatial changes in ECM expressions observed upon adipogenesis were greatly modified by the presence of PGs. Our present study using a 3D tissue culture may be a suitable strategy toward understanding disease etiology of DUES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kaku Itoh
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Hogg HDJ, Connor A. 10-year trends in English primary care glaucoma prescribing. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:192-196. [PMID: 31685974 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018 NHS prescriptions in England cost £8.83 billion. Within ophthalmic prescribing, glaucoma is the most costly indication. The 2017 glaucoma NICE guideline shows there is little evidence for clinical preference of particular molecules within a therapeutic class, yet the cost of these products varies greatly. We aim to describe trends in glaucoma prescribing and its relation to recent NICE Guidance. METHODS Prescription cost analyses for England from 2009 to 2018 were reviewed and data concerning items for the treatment of glaucoma were extracted. Costs and prescription frequencies were normalised for inflation and population. RESULTS The 2018 cost of glaucoma prescribing was £114.2 million. This cost is 18.1% lower than in 2009 but the annual number of items prescribed per 10,000 people has increased from 1382 to 1668 (20.7%). This is despite an increased prescription of combination drops from 265 to 478 per 10,000 (80.4%). Preservative free item prescriptions rose from 1.7% of total spend in 2009, at £3.4 million in 2009, to 13.9%, in 2018, at £22.5 million. Generic items represented 11.7% of prescriptions in 2009 and 55.2% in 2018. Around half of glaucoma spending is accounted for by the use of preservative free or branded items in the place of the cheapest item in each therapeutic class. CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma prescribing costs the NHS a great deal. There is a broad trend to generic prescribing as per recent NICE guidance, but significant further costs could be saved with no robustly evidenced clinical consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Jeffry Hogg
- The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU, UK. .,The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Alan Connor
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU, UK
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Sano I, Takahashi H, Inoda S, Sakamoto S, Arai Y, Takahashi Y, Ohkubo A, Kawashima H, Mayama C. Shortening of Interpupillary Distance after Instillation of Topical Prostaglandin Analog Eye Drops. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 206:11-16. [PMID: 30902695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in the interpupillary distance (IPD) after continual instillation of topical prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) in glaucoma patients as an objective indicator of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP). DESIGN Retrospective, comparative case series. METHODS A total of 152 institutional patients with glaucoma were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were visual acuities exceeding 10/20 bilaterally and no intraocular surgery during observation. Intervention/observation procedures: First-time bilateral instillation of bimatoprost, travoprost, latanoprost, or tafluprost and IPDs measured by automatic refractometry. IPDs, intraocular pressures (IOPs), and refractive errors were measured before and after continual drug administration (treatment, 2-24 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Post-treatment changes in IPDs. A total of 61 untreated patients served as controls. RESULTS The IPDs shortened significantly (P < 0.001) after treatment (-0.80 ± 2.1 mm); the IPDs of control subjects remained unchanged (0.05 ± 0.96 mm; P = 0.69). The IPD change after bimatoprost instillation (-2.20 ± 0.97 mm) was significantly (P < 0.001) greater than with other PGAs (-0.65 ± 2.09 mm). The IOPs decreased significantly (P < 0.001) (-3.7 ± 4.3 mm Hg); the refractive errors did not change significantly (P < 0.099) (-0.07 ± 0.69 diopter) post-treatment. The percentages of subjects with 2-mm or greater decreases in IPD after bimatoprost, travoprost, latanoprost, or tafluprost were 85.7%, 20.0%, 18.2%, and 17.2%, respectively, and with 3-mm or greater decreases in IPD 35.7%, 12.0%, 14.5%, and 12.1%, respectively. The specificities were 93.4% and 100% in the control group, respectively, with IPD threshold changes of 2 and 3 mm or more, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The IPD decreased significantly after topical PGAs within 24 months. The effect was significantly greater with bimatoprost than with other PGAs. The noninvasive, immediate automatic refractometry measurement may be an objective numerical indicator of PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiya Sano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoru Inoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Takahashi Eye Clinic, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Ohkubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Ohkubo Eye Clinic, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Chihiro Mayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Higashiyama T, Minamikawa T, Kakinoki M, Sawada O, Ohji M. Decreased orbital fat and enophthalmos due to bimatoprost: Quantitative analysis using magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214065. [PMID: 30917168 PMCID: PMC6436740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We quantitatively determined the relation between the decrease in orbital fat and enophthalmos due to bimatoprost using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nine orbits in nine patients were treated unilaterally with bimatoprost for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The contralateral orbits were used as controls. The volumes of the orbital tissues and the enophthalmos were measured using MRI. The mean volumes on the treated and untreated sides were, respectively, 14.6 ± 2.1 and 17.0 ± 4.3 cm3 for orbital fat (P = 0.04) and 3.4 ± 0.5 and 3.3 ± 0.5 cm3 for total extraocular muscles (P = 0.85). The mean enophthalmos values were 14.7 ± 2.5 and 16.0 ± 2.3 mm on the treated and untreated sides, respectively (P = 0.002). The data acquired by quantitatively measuring the volumes of orbital fat and enophthalmos on MRI showed that each might be reduced by bimatoprost administration. The enophthalmos could be caused by the bimatoprost-induced decrease in orbital fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Higashiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takayuki Minamikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masashi Kakinoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Asano S, Murata H, Matsuura M, Fujino Y, Asaoka R. Early Detection of Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression Using Pointwise Linear Regression With Binomial Test in the Central 10 Degrees. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 199:140-149. [PMID: 30465746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that it was beneficial to apply binomial pointwise linear regression (PLR) to detect 24-2 glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression, compared to mean deviation (MD) trend analysis and permutation analysis of PLR (PoPLR). The purpose of the current study was to validate the usefulness of the binomial PLR method to detect VF progression in the central 10 degrees in glaucoma patients. DESIGN Reliability assessment. METHODS A series of 15 VFs (Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 SITA-standard) from 97 eyes in 69 primary open-angle glaucoma patients, obtained over 8.5 ± 1.3 years (mean ± SD), were investigated. PLR was performed by regressing the total deviation of all test points on the series of 15 VFs. VF progression was determined from the analyses of VF test points using the binomial test (1-sided, P < .025). The time needed to detect VF progression was also investigated. The results were compared with PoPLR and MD trend analyses. RESULTS The binomial PLR was comparable to PoPLR and MD trend analyses in the positive predictive value (0.19 to 0.80), the negative predictive value (0.86 to 1.0), and the false positive rate (0.0 to 0.13) to evaluate glaucomatous VF progression. The time needed to detect VF progression (4.2 ± 1.8 years) was significantly shorter with the binomial PLR method compared with PoPLR and MD trend analysis (P = .04, P = .012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The binomial PLR method detected glaucomatous VF progression in the central 10 degrees significantly earlier than PoPLR and MD trend analyses.
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Karli S, Ayala-Haedo JA, Feuer WJ, Fernandez M, Dubovy S, Wester ST. Effect of prostaglandin analogs on matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in eyelid muscle specimens. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:2039-2046. [PMID: 30349187 PMCID: PMC6188183 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s178106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the effect of prostaglandin analogs (PAs) on tissue specific expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in levator aponeurosis resections (LAR) and conjunctiva-Muller muscle resections (CMMR). Methods Specimens from LAR and CMMR of PA users and non-users were analyzed for tissue specific expression of MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 using immunohistochemistry. PA use, marginal reflex distances, levator function and palpebral fissure were documented through chart review. The associations between MMP expression, PA exposure time and ocular characteristics were evaluated with a two-factor analysis of variance and multiple correlation analysis. Results We observed a tissue specific pattern of expression of MMPs and TIMP-2 in relation to PA exposure between CMMR and LAR specimens. There was increased MMP-7 and TIMP-2 expression in muscle compared to collagen and adipose tissue (P≤0.005), as well as a statistically significant difference in the relationship of MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 levels to PA exposure in the two types of muscles (all P≤0.011). Adipose tissue had a PA-dependent reduced expression of MMP-3 (P<0.022), which was seen in both LAR and CMMR. Decreased expression of MMP-3 in collagen correlated with increased dermatochalasis (P<0.045) and steatoblepharon (P<0.018). Conclusion PA exposure may affect MMP and TIMP expression in a tissue specific manner, and decreased expression of certain MMPs in collagen correlates to increased clinical measures of prostaglandin associated periorbitopathy (PAP). Further studies with larger samples are needed to ascertain if the changes associated with PAP are due to MMP/TIMP changes or to structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Karli
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA,
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DI Staso S, Agnifili L, Cecannecchia S, DI Gregorio A, Ciancaglini M. In Vivo Analysis of Prostaglandins-induced Ocular Surface and Periocular Adnexa Modifications in Patients with Glaucoma. In Vivo 2018; 32:211-220. [PMID: 29475902 PMCID: PMC5905187 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are a first-line medical treatment for glaucoma because of their powerful intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect, few systemic side-effects (SEs), and the once daily administration. Despite the high systemic safety profile, the chronic use of PGAs may induce periocular and ocular surface (OS)-related side effects, which affect a significant proportion of glaucomatous patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about SEs of PGAs on periocular structures and OS, and their implications in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search on the PubMed platform was performed. Two hundred fifty articles fulfilling key words were identified, of which 180 were excluded since they did not concern the effects of PGAs on the periocular tissues and OS, or because of their limited relevance. The following key words were used and combined, to narrow-down the literature: "prostaglandin" and "ocular surface," which identified 184 unique publications, of which 68 were selected; "prostaglandin" and "periocular" which identified 46 unique publications, of which 11 were selected. An additional search was conducted using "prostaglandin" and "Meibomian glands (MGs)", which identified twenty unique publications, of which 8 were selected. Thus, a total of 70 articles were chosen based on their relevance and were included in this review. RESULTS Prostaglandin-associated peri-orbitopathy, skin pigmentation and hypertrichosis, eyelash growth, and MGs dysfunction are the most frequent modifications of periocular tissues. They are induced by the tissue accumulation of PGAs, and FP receptor stimulation. Without preservatives, PGAs act as stimulators of conjunctival goblet cells, which are the main source of ocular surface mucoproteins, and seem to increase conjunctival epithelium microcysts proposed as in vivo hallmark of the trans-scleral aqueous humour outflow. Additional PGA-induced modifications can be recognized in the cornea, corneo-scleral limbus, conjunctival stroma and, conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue, mainly appearing as inflammatory changes. OS epithelia desquamation, chemosis, apoptosis, dendritic cell activation, conjunctival or episcleral vasodilation, and sub-basal nerve plexus disruption were also described in patients receiving preserved PGAs. CONCLUSION PGAs induce several modifications of the OS structures and adnexa; nonetheless, none of them significantly reduces the local safety profile of this class of drugs. Moreover, the OS changes do not affect the IOP lowering efficacy of PGAs. On these bases, local SEs of PGAs should not discourage clinicians in using this class of medications because of their efficacy, the systemic safety profile, and the better adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio DI Staso
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Cecannecchia
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angela DI Gregorio
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Applying "Lasso" Regression to Predict Future Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression in the Central 10 Degrees. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:113-118. [PMID: 27811574 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We recently reported that it is beneficial to apply least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression to predict future 24-2 visual field (VF) progression. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the usefulness of Lasso regression to predict VF progression in the central 10 degrees (10-2) in glaucoma patients. METHODS Series of 10 VFs (Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 SITA-standard) from each of 149 eyes in 110 open angle glaucoma patients, obtained over 5.7±1.4 years (mean±SD) were investigated. Mean deviation values of the 10th VF were predicted using varying numbers of VFs (ranging from the first to third VFs to the first to ninth VFs), applying ordinary least square regression (OLSLR) and Lasso regression. Absolute prediction errors were then compared. RESULTS With OLSLR, prediction error varied between 5.4±5.0 (using first to third VFs) and 1.1±1.6 dB (using first to ninth VFs). Significantly smaller prediction errors were obtained with Lasso regression, in particular with small numbers of VFs (from 2.1±2.8: first to third VFs, to 1.0±1.6 dB: first to ninth VFs). A large λ value, which is an index showing the degree of penalty in Lasso regression, was observed when a small number of VFs were used for prediction. CONCLUSION Mean deviation prediction using OLSLR with a small number of VFs resulted in large prediction errors. It was useful to apply Lasso regression when predicting future progression of the central 10 degrees, compared to OLSLR.
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Effects of pre-surgical administration of prostaglandin analogs on the outcome of trabeculectomy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181550. [PMID: 28727804 PMCID: PMC5519176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), laser treatment or surgery is used when the target intraocular pressure (IOP) cannot be achieved by pharmacological agents, such as prostaglandin (PG) analogs; these drugs also have varied effects. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 74 POAG patients (74 eyes) whose IOP was inadequately controlled by PG analogs (bimatoprost [13 eyes], latanoprost [34 eyes], tafluprost [11 eyes], and travoprost [16 eyes]) and underwent primary trabeculectomy. The proportion of patients with no recurrent IOP elevation within 24 months post-trabeculectomy was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the bimatoprost group (31.3%) than in the latanoprost (83.2%), tafluprost (45.5%), or travoprost groups (65.6%). Deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) was observed before trabeculectomy in 18 of 74 eyes (24.3%) treated with bimatoprost (9 eyes; 50.0%), latanoprost (3 eyes; 16.7%), tafluprost (1 eye; 5.5%) and travoprost (5 eyes; 27.8%). The proportion of patients with no recurrent IOP elevation up to 24 months post-trabeculectomy was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in the DUES(+) group (34.7%) than in the DUES(-) group (74.3%). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, with no recurrent IOP elevation used as dependent variable, and bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, β-blocker, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, brimonidine, gender, age, preoperative IOP, mean deviation, duration of PG analog use before surgery, and the number of ophthalmic solutions used as independent variables, identified only bimatoprost as a significant independent factor (P = 0.0368). Thus, the outcome of trabeculectomy varied depending on the PG analog used preoperatively, and bimatoprost use was associated with a high risk of recurrent IOP elevation up to 2 years post-trabeculectomy. This may indicate that the incidence of DUES differed with the PG analog used. Patients with glaucoma who are treated with bimatoprost should be monitored for DUES, and when these patients undergo trabeculectomy, the postoperative course of IOP should be followed carefully.
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Periorbital changes associated with prostaglandin analogs in Korean patients. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:126. [PMID: 28716077 PMCID: PMC5514502 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) are commonly used to treat glaucoma because of their powerful intraocular pressure lowering effect. However, various periorbital changes associated with the use of PGAs have been reported. We investigated the incidence of periorbital changes in Korean patients who were treated with PGAs, and analyzed clinical factors associated with superior sulcus deepening. Methods This study included 58 glaucoma patients who were treated with latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost unilaterally. Face photographs were collected, and periorbital changes such as superior sulcus deepening, eyelid pigmentation, ptosis, lid retraction, dermatochalasis, and redness were evaluated by two oculoplastic specialists. For each patient, the contralateral eye served as a control. The frequency of ptosis, dermatochalasis, pigmentation, erythema, and superior sulcus deepening were analyzed. Demographic and ocular factors were compared between patients who showed superior sulcus deepening and those who did not. Results Thirty-one patients (53.4%) showed one or more periorbital changes associated with PGAs. The most common change was superior sulcus deepening (24.1%), followed by eyelid pigmentation (19.0%), eyelid erythema (19.0%), dermatochalasis (10.3%), eyelid retraction (5.2%), and ptosis (3.4%). The age of the patient and the duration of PGA administration was significantly correlated with superior sulcus deepening (p = 0.007, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Periorbital changes are frequently seen in patients who use PGAs, and superior sulcus deepening is the most common change in Korean patients. Long-term use of PGAs and old age were associated with superior sulcus deepening.
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Lee D, Mantravadi AV, Myers JS. Patient considerations in ocular hypertension: role of bimatoprost ophthalmic solution. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1273-1280. [PMID: 28744094 PMCID: PMC5513827 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s118689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The reduction of intraocular pressure has been well established as an effective treatment to prevent both the development and the progression of all forms of glaucoma. Bimatoprost 0.03% ophthalmic solution, introduced in 2001, is a synthetic prostamide with the unique mechanism of improving both uveoscleral and trabecular outflow. Comparative studies with other pharmacotherapies have shown favorable results for bimatoprost as a potent ocular hypotensive agent that is generally well tolerated. Common side effects include conjunctival hyperemia, eyelash growth, iris pigmentation and periorbital changes. Hyperemia rates were reduced following the introduction of bimatoprost 0.01%. Bimatoprost should be used with caution in those with higher risk of developing ocular inflammation and macular edema. However, the perceived risk of bimatoprost in these patient populations is likely greater than the actual risk observed in practice. Bimatoprost is currently in the center of several clinical trials including its use for dermatologic applications and sustained-release therapies for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Patradul C, Tantisevi V, Manassakorn A. Factors Related to Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy in Glaucoma Patients. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2017; 6:238-242. [PMID: 28379653 DOI: 10.22608/apo.2016108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine factors related to prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) and its prevalence in glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients using prostaglandins analogs (PGAs). DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A study of glaucoma or OHT patients, using topical PGAs for at least 3 months, was performed. Eyes treated with PGAs were photoraphed and independently evaluated for PAP by 2 glaucoma specialists using at least 4 out of 7 clinical appearances. The factors of interest were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), types of glaucoma, types of PGAs, duration of PGA use, and concurrent 0.5% timolol. Univariate (χ2 test) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analyses assessing risk factors for PAP were performed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) with 95% conidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS One hundred thirty-four eyes from 134 patients were included. Seventy (52.2%), 21 (15.7%), and 43 (32%) eyes received components of latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost, respectively. Prevalence of PAP was 44.8% (95% CI, 36.3 to 53.3). Older age >60 years (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.8), bimatoprost (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 9.5), travoprost (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 10.1), and timolol (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.8) were at risk of PAP development. In addition, BMI ≥23 kg/㎡ (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.7) was reversely associated with PAP. CONCLUSIONS Older age, bimatoprost, or travoprost were associated with PAP, whereas high BMI was found as a protective factor. Interestingly, timolol possibly precipitated periorbital change when in use with prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanikarn Patradul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visanee Tantisevi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anita Manassakorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Oculoplastic considerations in patients with glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2016; 61:718-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Prostaglandin Eyedrops Are Associated With Decreased Thicknesses of Eyelid Dermis and Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: Ultrasonographic Findings. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 32:337-41. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Imasawa M, Tanabe J, Kashiwagi F, Kashiwagi K. Efficacy and Safety of Switching Latanoprost Monotherapy to Bimatoprost Monotherapy or Combination of Brinzolamide and Latanoprost. Open Ophthalmol J 2016; 10:94-102. [PMID: 27073587 PMCID: PMC4800778 DOI: 10.2174/1874364101610010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of switching to bimatoprost monotherapy or brinzolamide and latanoprost combination therapy in patients who had been receiving latanoprost monotherapy. Methods: A prospective, open-label study was conducted. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had been receiving latanoprost monotherapy for three months or more were enrolled. Bimatoprost was substituted for latanoprost in one eye (BIM group), and brinzolamide was added to the latanoprost in the other eye (BRZ group) simultaneously. The patients underwent examinations at 6 weeks (visit 1) and 12 weeks (visit 2) after changing therapies. Subsequently, the treatments were returned to latanoprost monotherapy. The patients underwent another examination 6 weeks (visit 3) after the return to latanoprost. The parameters examined were intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal epithelial damage. Results: Twenty-six patients (13 men and 13 women) completed the protocol. Both groups showed a significant IOP reduction at visits 1 and 2 compared with the baseline, with a similar magnitude (BIM group: P = 0.016 at visit 1, P = 0.025 at visit 2, BRZ group: P = 0.0006 at visit 1, P = 0.028 at visit 2). The IOPs at the baseline and on visit 3 were similar in both groups (P = 0.7). The two groups showed no changes in either conjunctival hyperemia or corneal epithelial damage compared with the baseline. Conclusion: Bimatoprost monotherapy and brinzolamide adjunctive to latanoprost similarly reduced the IOP, with no additive adverse effects, compared with latanoprost monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Imasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nirasaki Municipal Hospital, Nirasaki, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Nakakura S, Yamamoto M, Terao E, Nagatomi N, Matsuo N, Fujisawa Y, Fujio Y, Tabuchi H, Kiuchi Y. Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in latanoprost users. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 9:51-6. [PMID: 25565768 PMCID: PMC4284030 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s75651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the incidence of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) in subjects with glaucoma treated with latanoprost ophthalmic solution. Subjects and methods One eye and the forehead in 22 subjects were evaluated. All patients had used latanoprost for more than 1 year (range, 12 to 45 months; mean, 26.0 months) and were prostaglandin F2α analogue treatment-naïve. Digital photographs of the subjects obtained before latanoprost therapy and at the last examination were compared retrospectively. Four signs of PAP (deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES), upper eyelid ptosis, flattening of the lower eyelid bags, and inferior scleral show) and supplemental side effects around the eyelids (eyelash growth, poliosis, and eyelid pigmentation) were judged to be negative or positive by three independent observers. If the observers unanimously rated a sign as positive, the result was defined as positive. Results Twelve subjects (54.5%) had no apparent signs. Three subjects were judged to have DUES (13.6%), and two subjects each were judged to have flattening of the lower eyelid bags and eyelid pigmentation (9.0%). The other signs were judged as positive in only one subject each, respectively (4.5%). A univariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between any of the signs and age, sex, or the duration of therapy. Conclusion Latanoprost induced DUES, upper eyelid ptosis, flattening of the lower eyelid bags, inferior scleral show, and supplemental side effects around the eyelids; however, the rates of such occurrence might be relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakakura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Minamai Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Etsuko Terao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nagatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Yausko Fujisawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
Prostaglandins are approved by the European Glaucoma Society guidelines as first-line treatment for glaucoma. This review focuses on latanoprost, an ester prodrug of prostaglandin (PG) F2α, which was the first of the currently available topical PGF2α analogs to be launched for glaucoma or ocular hypertension and which still accounts for the majority of prescriptions. It is better absorbed than the parent compound through the cornea, and peak concentration of the active drug is in the aqueous humor 1–2 hours after topical dosing (15–30 ng/mL). Metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Latanoprost (0.005%) has been very well studied in clinical trials and meta-analyses that show it to be generally as effective as the other PG analogs (bimatoprost, travoprost, and tafluprost) and more effective than timolol, dorzolamide, and brimonidine. Latanoprost has good short- and long-term safety and tolerability profiles. In common with other prostaglandins, it lacks systemic effects, but can cause ocular adverse events such as conjunctival hyperemia, pigmentation of the iris, periocular skin or eyelashes, hypertrichosis, and ocular surface effects or irritation. Latanoprost is significantly better tolerated than either bimatoprost or travoprost. Patients treated with latanoprost have better compliance and persist with therapy longer than those that are given other drugs. An improved formulation of latanoprost without the preservative benzalkonium chloride has recently been developed. It is as effective as conventional latanoprost, has a lower incidence of hyperemia, and can be stored at room temperature. In conclusion, latanoprost has the best efficacy–tolerability ratio of the PG analogs available for glaucoma treatment, and has good compliance and persistence. These factors should be improved further by the recent development of preservative-free latanoprost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Alm
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Incidence of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy with a latanoprost ophthalmic solution. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1446-51. [PMID: 25233818 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Among some local side effects of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP), deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) is the most prominent clinical feature, and is one of the most significant adverse cosmetic events. Here, we prospectively investigated the incidence of DUES in Japanese open-angle glaucoma patients initially treated with latanoprost (Xalatan 0.005%) ophthalmic solution. METHODS This was an open-label prospective study. Facial photographs and subjective reports of the recognition of DUES were obtained at the beginning of latanoprost treatment and at 2, 4, and 6 months thereafter. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at three consecutive visits before and after treatment with latanoprost. The incidence of DUES was evaluated objectively by three blinded investigators who compared the series of photographs. RESULTS A total of 52 eyes of 52 newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma Japanese patients (28 males, 24 females) were evaluated. The objective rate of DUES was 1/52 (2%; 95% CI 0.05 to 10.7%) at 2 months, 2/52 (4%; 95% CI 0.5 to 13.9%) at 4 months, and 3/52 (6%; 95% CI 1.2 to 16.9%) at 6 months. During this period, no patient self-reported an occurrence of DUES. Mean IOPs before and after treatment were 16.5±2.9 and 13.8±3.0 mm Hg, respectively. Latanoprost reduced the IOP significantly (P<0.0001, paired t-test). CONCLUSIONS Latanoprost caused DUES rarely and had a robust IOP-lowering effect in Japanese glaucoma patients.
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Lee YK, Lee JY, Moon JI, Park MH. Effectiveness of the ICare rebound tonometer in patients with overestimated intraocular pressure due to tight orbit syndrome. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2014; 58:496-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-014-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Incidence of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus after topical use of travoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese. J Glaucoma 2014; 23:160-3. [PMID: 22922663 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0b013e31826a7e09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the incidence of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) with topical use of travoprost in Japanese glaucoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study enrolled 32 primary open-angle glaucoma Japanese patients who had been treated topically with travoprost unilaterally for 6 months at baseline, and started treatment in both eyes. The patients were observed during outpatient visits at 2, 4, and 6 months. At every visit, the photographs of both eyes and forehead were displayed randomly and the presence of DUES was diagnosed when 3 examiners unanimously rated the case as positive. The patients were also asked if they noticed any subjective symptom of DUES. Sex, refraction, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated as potential risk factors. RESULTS DUES was identified objectively in 34% (11/32) of the patients after 2 months of treatment, and in 53% (17/32) after 4 and 6 months of treatment. The incidence was significantly higher in older patients (P<0.05), but not related to sex, refraction, pretreatment and posttreatment IOP, and IOP reduction. Finally, 41% (7/17) of patients with objectively diagnosed DUES noticed the presence of DUES by themselves. No patient dropped out of the study because of DUES. CONCLUSIONS DUES is a common side effect of topical travoprost treatment in Japanese glaucoma patients.
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Sawada A, Yamamoto T. Switching efficacy on intraocular pressure from latanoprost to bimatoprost in eyes with open angle glaucoma: implication to the changes of central corneal thickness. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2014; 58:423-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-014-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sanford M. Preservative-Free Latanoprost Eye Drops in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma/Ocular Hypertension. Clin Drug Investig 2014; 34:521-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Craven ER, Alzuhairy SA. Bimatoprost: a unique compound that in its nonhydrolyzed form is a prostamide and hydrolyzed form has prostaglandin receptor activity, for glaucoma and cosmetic indications. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2014.917959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nakakura S, Terao E, Nagatomi N, Matsuo N, Shimizu Y, Tabuchi H, Kiuchi Y. Cross-sectional study of the association between a deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus-like appearance and wide-open eyes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96249. [PMID: 24781779 PMCID: PMC4004547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) is a common complication of prostaglandin F2α analog treatment, which causes cosmetic problems. However, identifying this condition using photographs is difficult due to such problems as the camera flash effects, blepharoptosis or wide-open eyes. Purpose We investigated the association between a DUES-like appearance and wide-open eyes regarding the presence of wide-open eyes as a cause for overestimating the incidence of DUES. Subjects and Methods One eye and the forehead in 100 subjects (31 younger subjects, 30 older subjects and 39 patients with blepharoptosis) were evaluated in the present study. Digital photographs of the subjects with natural open and wide-open eyes were taken with a flash. Five signs (a puffy eyelid, the presence/absence of the upper eyelid sulcus (UES), wrinkles on the forehead with natural open eyes and an increase in the number of wrinkles on the forehead and a DUES-like appearance with wide-open eyes) were judged to be negative or positive by three independent observers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent predictor(s) of a DUES-like appearance with wide-open eyes. Results Fourteen subjects (four young, three old and seven subjects with blepharoptosis) were judged to have a DUES-like appearance with wide-open eyes (14%). The only predictive factor was the presence of UES in the patients with natural open eyes (odds ratio = 17.244, 95% confidence interval: 3.447–86.270, P<0.001). Among the 12 UES-positive subjects, six (50%) exhibited a DUES-like appearance with wide-open eyes. Conclusions The presence of wide-open eyes can thus cause a DUES-like appearance. Blepharoptosis itself is not a predictive factor; however, care should be taken not to overestimate the incidence of DUES, especially in patients with UES with natural open eyes, as a DUES-like appearance can be caused by wide-open eyes, even in treatment-naïve patients. Trial Registration UMIN000010500
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakakura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Etsuko Terao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nagatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Wang PX, Koh VTC, Cheng JF. Periorbital muscle atrophy associated with topical bimatoprost therapy. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:311-4. [PMID: 24511225 PMCID: PMC3913545 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s55754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical Bimatoprost is a common and popular prostaglandin analog used as an ocular hypotensive agent in the treatment of glaucoma. Side effects include ocular hyperaemia, ocular pruritus, and periocular and iris pigmentary changes. Perioribital lipodystrophy is another well-documented outcome associated with chronic use of topical bimatoprost, which results in periorbital hallowing, upper eyelid sulcus deepening, eyelid retraction and enophthalmos. We report an unusual case of periocular muscle atrophy and weakness from unilateral topical bimatoprost use. Our patient had primary angle closure and experienced a right upper eyelid ptosis 2 months after she started to use topical bimatoprost in that eye. Clinical measurements of her eyelids clearly showed reduction in the function of her right levator muscle, suggesting that effects of topical bimatoprost may not be limited to periorbital fat. She was advised to stop topical bimatoprost and right ptosis correction surgery with levator muscle advancement was performed successfully. Ophthalmologists and patients should be aware of this potential rare side effect of topical bimatoprost, as it may be potentially disfiguring, especially with monocular use. However, its exact mechanism of action needs to be clarified further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Fong Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore
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Incidence of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus on treatment with a tafluprost ophthalmic solution. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2014; 58:212-7. [PMID: 24390604 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-013-0299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES), one symptom of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy, was recently found to be an additional side effect of prostaglandin-related ophthalmic solutions. Here, we prospectively investigated the incidence and factors associated with DUES in Japanese open-angle glaucoma patients initially treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved tafluprost (TAF). METHODS In this open-label prospective study instilling TAF in one eye, mean deviation (MD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured, and facial photographs and subjective reports of DUES were obtained at intervals over 6 months. Three ophthalmologists independently assessed the photographs of DUES and reached consensus. Relationships between demographic and ocular/systemic factors (age, sex, MD, refraction and IOP reduction) and DUES occurrence were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-three eyes of 43 glaucoma patients (24 men and 19 women) were evaluated. Mean IOP before treatment was 16.6 ± 2.7 and after treatment, 14.1 ± 2.3 mmHg (P < 0.001). The objective rate of DUES was 9 % (4/43) at 2 months, 14 % (6/43) at 4 months and 14 % (6/43) at 6 months. During this period, only one patient self-reported an occurrence of DUES. No significant association was found between DUES occurrence and any of the demographic, ocular, or systemic factors. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should inform patients about DUES as a minor side effect when prescribing TAF for IOP control.
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Wang G, Xu X, Yao X, Zhu Z, Yu L, Chen L, Chen J, Shen X. Latanoprost effectively ameliorates glucose and lipid disorders in db/db and ob/ob mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2702-12. [PMID: 23989723 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunctions is a potent therapeutic strategy against type 2 diabetes mellitus, and identifying new functions for existing drugs may help accelerate the speed of new drug development. Here, we report that latanoprost, a clinical drug for treating primary open-angle glaucoma and intraocular hypertension, effectively ameliorated glucose and lipid disorders in two mouse models of type 2 diabetes. In addition, the glucose-lowering mechanisms of latanoprost were intensively investigated. METHODS A binding-affinity assay and enzymatic tests were used to determine the targets of latanoprost. Cell-based assays on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes and animal model-based assays with db/db and ob/ob mice were further performed to clarify the mechanisms underlying latanoprost-regulated glucose and lipid metabolism. RESULTS Latanoprost functioned as both an indirect activator of AMP-activated protein kinase and a selective retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) antagonist able to selectively antagonise the transcription of a RXRα/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ heterodimer. It promoted glucose uptake, inhibited pre-adipocyte differentiation and regulated the main genes responsible for glucose and lipid metabolism, including Fas, Scd1, Perilipin (also known as Plin1), Lpl and Pdk4. Chronic administration of latanoprost in mice potently decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fructosamine (FMN), NEFA and total cholesterol, and effectively improved glucose tolerance and glucose/lipid metabolism-related genes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our studies demonstrate that the existing eye drug latanoprost is both an indirect activator of AMP-activated protein kinase and a selective RXRα antagonist. Latanoprost effectively ameliorated glucose and lipid disorders in diabetic mice, which strongly highlights the potential of latanoprost in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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