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Li Y, Jia W, Liu X, Chen Y, Chen H, Ren G, Jiang S, Ma X. Measurement of the Tilt Angle of the Optic Disc Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Related Factors in Myopia. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:24. [PMID: 39302647 PMCID: PMC11421678 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.9.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study presents a novel, three-dimensional method for measuring the tilt angle of the tilted optic disc (TOD) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and investigates the correlation between ocular-related parameters and TOD. Methods We included the right eyes of 243 healthy young individuals, categorized by axial length. We measured the ovality index (OI) and dihedral angle (DA) using SD-OCT infrared ray fundus photographs and high-resolution cross-sectional images of the optic disc, respectively. The relationships between OI, DA, and ocular-related parameters were analyzed. Results Eyes in the longer axial length group exhibited a lower OI and a higher DA, along with thinner nasal and inferonasal circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and thicker temporal and superotemporal cpRNFL. There was a significant relationship between DA and cpRNFL thickness. The new method utilizing DA to measure the tilt angle of TOD demonstrated high repeatability. Conclusions We propose a novel, three-dimensional, and quantitative method for evaluating the tilt degree of TOD. A higher degree of myopia indicated a greater tilt angle of the TOD, and a greater TOD suggested additional changes in cpRNFL thickness. These findings should be considered when interpreting increased susceptibility and early assessment of glaucoma in myopia. Translational Relevance DA could serve as a superior indicator for describing TOD morphology during eyeball elongation and evaluating its impact on related parameters of the optic disc and peripapillary structures in the myopic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenli Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haijie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guijie Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Huh MG, Jeong Y, Shin YI, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Assessing Glaucoma Severity and Progression in Individuals with Asymmetric Axial Length: An Intrapatient Comparative Study. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00424-X. [PMID: 39019169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether a difference exists in intereye glaucoma severity and progression in patients with asymmetric axial length. DESIGN Long-term observational study. PARTICIPANTS Patients older than 20 years with a diagnosis of glaucoma at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between 2010 and 2020. METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma in both eyes with an axial length difference of more than 1.0 mm were included. Each individual's eyes were classified into longer eye and shorter eye, and the baseline and follow-up clinical data were analyzed using the paired T-test and McNemar test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in clinical characteristics in patients with asymmetric axial length. RESULTS A total of 190 eyes of 95 patients with glaucoma with asymmetric axial length were included in the study. The patients' mean age was 51.2 ± 12.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 10.1 ± 3.9 years. No difference was found in baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) or central corneal thickness between longer eyes and shorter eyes. Among the baseline disc parameters, ovality index, β-zone and γ-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) area were larger (P < 0.001) in the longer eyes. In the baseline OCT data, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P = 0.009) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness (P < 0.001) were thinner in the longer eyes. According to a baseline visual field (VF) test, the mean deviation and VF index (VFI) values were significantly lower (P < 0.001, P = 0.034) in the longer eyes. Based on an analysis of glaucoma progression, the rate of change of superior GCIPL (longer eyes, -0.65 μm/year; shorter eyes, -0.40 μm/year), mean deviation (longer eyes, -0.40 dB/year; shorter eyes, -0.21 dB/year), and VFI (longer eyes, -0.92%/year; shorter eyes, -0.46%/year) were larger (P = 0.006, P = 0.005, P < 0.001) in the longer eyes. Additionally, the greater the difference in IOP fluctuation, the greater the difference in the rate of change between mean deviation and VFI. CONCLUSIONS When an axial length difference of more than 1.0 mm was present, glaucoma tended to be more severe and to progress faster in the longer eyes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu Huh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lim YJ, Bang JW, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, Suh MH. Temporal Optic Disc Microvasculature Dropout in Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 37540177 PMCID: PMC10408767 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the clinical characteristics of focal temporal optic disc microvasculature dropout (MvD-D) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS One hundred and eighty-seven eyes of 187 POAG patients having MvD-D on Swept-Source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) were enrolled. Three groups were categorized according to the presence of temporal MvD-D within the upper and lower 45° of the fovea-Bruch's membrane (BM) opening axis: focal temporal MvD-D (Group 1, isolated focal temporal MvD-D; 44 eyes), supero/inferotemporal MvD-D (Group 2, MvD-D only in superotemporal or inferotemporal sector; 78 eyes), and diffuse temporal MvD-D (Group 3, MvD-D spanning ≥ 2 consecutive sectors, at least one of which being temporal sector; 65 eyes). RESULTS Group 1 had a significantly longer axial length and β-zone parapapillary atrophy without BM. There also was a larger horizontal tilt angle and ovality index than the other two groups (P < 0.001). Group 1 had a significantly thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the temporal sector than did Group 2 (P < 0.001), despite similar thicknesses in all other areas (P > 0.05). Group 3 had significantly worse visual field mean deviation and thinner RNFL than the other two groups in all areas other than the nasal, temporal, and superotemporal sectors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Focal temporal MvD-D detected by SS-OCTA was associated with a longer axial length and related subsequent morphological changes of the optic disc and parapapillary area. This suggests that stretching of the optic disc consequent on axial elongation may lead to absence of temporal optic disc microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jong Wook Bang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, and the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Linda M. Zangwill
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, and the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Min Hee Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Chan PP, Zhang Y, Pang CP. Myopic tilted disc: Mechanism, clinical significance, and public health implication. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1094937. [PMID: 36844216 PMCID: PMC9947511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1094937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myopic tilted disc is a common structural change of myopic eyes. With advancing ocular imaging technology, the associated structural changes of the eye, particularly the optic nerve head, have been extensively studied. These structural changes may increase patients' susceptibility to axonal damage and the risk of developing serious optic neuropathies including glaucoma. They also lead to diagnostic difficulties of disease suspects and treatment dilemmas of patients, which implicate clinical practice and subsequently the health care system. In the context of the mounting prevalence of myopia worldwide and its implications to irreversible visual impairment and blindness, it is essential to gain a thorough understanding of the structural changes of myopia. Myopic tilted disc has been extensively investigated by different study groups. However, generalizing the knowledge could be difficult because of the variable definitions of myopic tilted disc utilized in these studies and the complexities of the changes. The current review aimed to clarify the concepts and discuss various aspects of myopic tilted disc, including the definitions, association with other myopia-related changes, mechanism of tilted disc development, structural and functional changes, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poemen P. Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Poemen P. Chan,
| | - Yuqiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Hong Kong Hub of Pediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Joint Shantou International Eye Centre of Shantou University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Hong Kong SAR, China,Chi Pui Pang,
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Lee S, Heisler M, Ratra D, Ratra V, Mackenzie PJ, Sarunic MV, Beg MF. Effects of Myopia and Glaucoma on the Neural Canal and Lamina Cribrosa Using Optical Coherence Tomography. J Glaucoma 2023; 32:48-56. [PMID: 36584358 PMCID: PMC10503542 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS Glaucoma was associated with axial bowing and rotation of Bruchs membrane opening (BMO) and anterior laminar insertion (ALI), skewed neural canal, and deeper anterior lamina cribrosa surface (ALCS). Longer axial length was associated with wider, longer, and more skewed neural canal and flatter ALCS. PURPOSE Investigate the effects of myopia and glaucoma in the prelaminar neural canal and anterior lamina cribrosa using 1060-nm swept-source optical coherence tomography. PATIENTS 19 control (38 eyes) and 38 glaucomatous subjects (63 eyes). MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were imaged with swept-source optical coherence tomography, and the images were analyzed for the BMO and ALI dimensions, prelaminar neural canal dimensions, and ALCS depth. RESULTS Glaucomatous eyes had more bowed and nasally rotated BMO and ALI, more horizontally skewed prelaminar neural canal, and deeper ALCS than the control eyes. Increased axial length was associated with a wider, longer, and more horizontally skewed neural canal and a decrease in the ALCS depth and curvature. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that glaucomatous posterior bowing or cupping of lamina cribrosa can be significantly confounded by the myopic expansion of the neural canal. This may be related to higher glaucoma risk associated with myopia from decreased compliance and increased susceptibility to IOP-related damage of LC being pulled taut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Lee
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | | | | | - Vineet Ratra
- Sankara Nethralaya, College Road, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paul J. Mackenzie
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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Daniel E, Addis V, Maguire MG, McGeehan B, Chen M, Salowe RJ, Zenebe-Gete S, Meer E, Lee R, Smith E, Gudiseva HV, Sankar PS, O'Brien JM. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Optic Disc Tilt in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics Study. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2022; 5:544-553. [PMID: 35151898 PMCID: PMC9363533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with optic disc tilt in the eyes of Black Americans with glaucoma. DESIGN Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS Subjects with glaucoma participating in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. METHODS Stereo pairs of optic disc images were assessed independently by POAAGG-certified nonphysician graders for quantitative features including maximum and minimum linear disc diameters, and qualitative features including gradeability of images, shape of the cup, rim plane position, β-peripapillary atrophy, sloping region adjacent to the outer disc margin, and rim pallor. Discrepancies were adjudicated by an ophthalmologist. Descriptive statistics and P values were generated for associations of tilt with demographic and ocular characteristics. Stepwise multivariable analysis was performed with logistic regression using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) to account for inter-eye correlation within subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tilt Ovality Index (TOI) of >1.30 and Stereoscopically Identified optic disc Tilt (SIT). RESULTS Among 1251 subjects with data on both eyes, 104 (8.3%) had TOI. Subjects with TOI were less likely to be male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.74, P < 0.001). Eyes with TOI were less likely to have large cup disc ratios (aOR, 0.18, 95% CI, 0.06-0.53, P < 0.001) and less likely to have cylinder-shaped cups compared with conical-shaped cups (aOR, 0.31, 95% CI, 0.19-0.49, P < 0.001). Among 1007 subjects with data on both eyes, 254 (25.2%) had SIT. Subjects with SIT were younger (aOR, 0.95, 95% CI, 0.93-0.96, P < 0.001), and eyes with SIT were more likely to have oval-shaped discs compared with round discs (aOR, 1.82, 95% CI, 1.32-2.52, P < 0.001), more likely to have a sloping region adjacent to the outer disc margin instead of being flat (aOR, 3.26, 95% CI, 2.32-4.59, P < 0.001), and less likely to have cylinder-shaped cups compared with conical-shaped cups (aOR, 0.59, 95% CI, 0.41-0.85, P < 0.001). Both TOI and SIT were not associated with myopia. CONCLUSIONS There are substantial numbers of tilted optic discs in glaucoma patients with African ancestry. They occur more frequently in female subjects and younger subjects and are associated with several ocular features but not with myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Daniel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Victoria Addis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen G Maguire
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brendan McGeehan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca J Salowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Selam Zenebe-Gete
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elana Meer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roy Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eli Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prithvi S Sankar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Rezapour J, Tran AQ, Bowd C, El-Nimri NW, Belghith A, Christopher M, Brye N, Proudfoot JA, Dohleman J, Fazio MA, Jonas JB, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM. Comparison of Optic Disc Ovality Index and Rotation Angle Measurements in Myopic Eyes Using Photography and OCT Based Techniques. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:872658. [PMID: 35814778 PMCID: PMC9263212 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.872658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare optic nerve head (ONH) ovality index and rotation angle measurements based on semi-automated delineation of the clinical ONH margin derived from photographs and automated BMO configuration derived from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in healthy and glaucomatous eyes with high-, mild- and no axial myopia. Methods One hundred seventy-five healthy and glaucomatous eyes of 146 study participants enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) with optic disc photographs and Spectralis OCT ONH scans acquired on the same day were stratified by level of axial myopia (non-myopic [n = 56, axial length (AL) <24 mm], mild-myopic [n = 58, AL 24–26 mm] and high-myopic [n = 32, AL >26 mm]. The clinical disc margin of each photograph was manually annotated, and semi-automated measurements were recorded of the ovality index and rotation angle based on a best-fit ellipse generated using ImageJ software. These semi-automated photograph-based measurements were compared to ovality index and rotation angle generated from custom automated BMO-based analysis using segmented OCT ONH volumes. R2 values from linear mixed effects models were used to describe the associations between semi-automated, photograph-based and automated OCT-based measurements. Results Average (95% CI) axial length was 23.3 (23.0, 23.3) mm, 24.8 (24.7, 25.0) mm and 26.8 (26.6, 27.0) mm in non-myopic, mild-myopic and high-myopic eyes, respectively (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.001 for all). The R2 association (95% CI) between semi-automated photograph-based and automated OCT-based assessment of ONH OI for all eyes was [0.26 (0.16, 0.36); p < 0.001]. This association was weakest in non-myopic eyes [0.09 (0.01, 0.26); p = 0.02], followed by mild-myopic eyes [0.13 (0.02, 0.29); p = 0.004] and strongest in high-myopic eyes [0.40 (0.19, 0.60); p < 0.001]. No significant associations were found between photography- and OCT-based assessment of rotation angle with R2 values ranging from 0.00 (0.00, 0.08) in non-myopic eyes to 0.03 (0.00, 0.21) in high-myopic eyes (all associations p ≥ 0.33). Conclusions Agreement between photograph-based and automated OCT-based ONH morphology measurements is limited, suggesting that these methods cannot be used interchangeably for characterizing myopic changes in the ONH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rezapour
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrew Q. Tran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Bowd
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nevin W. El-Nimri
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Akram Belghith
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mark Christopher
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Brye
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - James A. Proudfoot
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jade Dohleman
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Massimo A. Fazio
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Linda M. Zangwill
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Linda M. Zangwill
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Zhu K, Lei B, Wang K, Song F, Jiang R, Chang Q, Xu G, Chen H. Quantification of an oval optic disc in relation to myopic foveoschisis using swept-source optical coherence tomography. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35189849 PMCID: PMC8862570 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the relationship between an oval optic disc and the occurrence of myopic foveoschisis (MF) using swept-source optic coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods Fifty eyes of 25 patients with unilateral MF were included in this retrospective observational study. The biometric features of the optic disc and peripapillary structures were evaluated using SS-OCT. Results The ovality index (OI) of the optic disc was significantly smaller (P = 0.003) and the optic disc tilt angle was greater (P = 0.023) in the eyes with MF than in the contralateral eyes. The optic disc tilt angle was significantly correlated with the OI (P = 0.000). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model (linear regression) demonstrated that spherical equivalent refraction (P = 0.001), narrow macular staphyloma (P = 0.001) and the occurrence of MF (P = 0.026) were the independent factors associated with the OI. Narrow macular staphyloma was more frequent (P = 0.020) and the staphyloma was deeper (P = 0.006) in eyes with MF. GEE model (logistic regression) revealed that narrow macular staphyloma was the only independent factor related to the occurrence of MF (P = 0.013). Conclusions An oval optic disc in eyes with MF resulted from the increased tilt around the vertical disc axis. The optic disc tilt was related to narrow macular staphyloma, which was the only independent factor associated with the occurrence of MF. The clinical relevance needs further exploration through longitudinal analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02319-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boya Lei
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Song
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fen Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang L, Liu K, Nie F, Duan X. Research advance in optic disc tilt and rotation in high myopia and its implications for glaucoma and visual field defects. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2505-2514. [PMID: 34859716 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211063716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High myopia is of worldwide concern due to its high prevalence, and myopia is an independent risk factor for glaucoma. The purpose of this paper is to review the mechanism and clinical manifestations of optic disc tilt and rotation in high myopia and its relationship with glaucoma, to provide clues for monitoring fundus changes in high myopia and the early diagnosis of high myopia with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuanchu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,159368Central South University, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
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10
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Jothi Balaji J, Lakshminarayanan V. ODTiD: Optic Nerve Head SD-OCT Image Dataset. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:4239-4245. [PMID: 34707343 PMCID: PMC8544271 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s337174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optic disc tilt (ODT) or tilted optic disc is a common finding in the general population. It is due to anomalous development caused by the malclosure of the embryonic optic fissure. ODT is commonly associated with high myopia as well as other conditions. In recent days, the common method to image the optic disc (OD) is by optical coherence tomography (OCT). To the best of our knowledge, there are no datasets of ODT available in the public domain. This dataset aims to make open access raw ODT OCT images to test out new image processing segmentation algorithms. Methods This dataset of ODT images contains both horizontal and vertical cross-sectional images obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Cirrus 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). The optic disc cube 200×200 program was used and all the images are aligned with the center of the optic nerve head. This dataset includes images from both clinically normal (20 eyes) and myopic subjects (101 eyes). Results The dataset consists of clear (121) and manually marked (121) images resulting in a total of 242 images. The age distribution for all subjects combined is 27.24 ± 9.28 (range, 11.0-69.0) years. For normal subjects mean ± SD age distribution is 32.40 ± 17.23 years. Similarly, the myopia age distribution is 26.22 ± 6.37 years. Ground truth images, ie, manually segmented by a clinical expert are provided along with other meta-data includes age, gender, laterality, refractive error classification, spherical equivalent (SE), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AXL). Conclusion This open, public database is online at the ICPSR website of the University of Michigan. The dataset can be used to test and validate newly developed automated segmentation algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan
- Theoretical and Experimental Epistemology Lab, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Rezapour J, Bowd C, Dohleman J, Belghith A, Proudfoot JA, Christopher M, Hyman L, Jonas JB, Fazio MA, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM. The influence of axial myopia on optic disc characteristics of glaucoma eyes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8854. [PMID: 33893383 PMCID: PMC8065167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes differences in glaucomatous eyes with and without high axial myopia using custom automated analysis of OCT images. 452 eyes of 277 glaucoma patients were stratified into non (n = 145 eyes), mild (n = 214 eyes), and high axial myopia (axial length (AL) > 26 mm, n = 93 eyes). Optic disc ovality index, tilt and rotation angle of Bruch´s membrane opening (BMO) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) were calculated using automated and deep learning strategies. High myopic optic discs were more oval and had larger BMO tilt than mild and non-myopic discs (both p < 0.001). Mean PCT was thinnest in high myopic eyes followed by mild and non-myopic eyes (p < 0.001). BMO rotation angle, global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and BMO-minimum rim width (MRW) were similar among groups. Temporal RNFL was thicker and supranasal BMO-MRW was thinner in high myopic eyes. BMO tilt and PCT showed moderate and temporal RNFL and nasal BMO-MRW showed weak but significant associations with AL in multivariable analyses (all p < 0.05). Large BMO tilt angle and thin PCT are characteristics of highly myopic discs and were not associated with severity of glaucoma. Caution should be exercised when using sectoral BMO-MRW and RNFL thickness for glaucoma management decisions in myopic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rezapour
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher Bowd
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Jade Dohleman
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Akram Belghith
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - James A Proudfoot
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Mark Christopher
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Leslie Hyman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Massimo A Fazio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Linda M Zangwill
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA.
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12
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Hu G, Chen Q, Xu X, Lv H, Du Y, Wang L, Yin Y, Fan Y, Zou H, He J, Zhu J, Xu X. Morphological Characteristics of the Optic Nerve Head and Choroidal Thickness in High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:46. [PMID: 32343784 PMCID: PMC7401971 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics of Bruch's membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), border tissue angle (BTA), vertical tilt angle, and peripapillary atrophy (PPA), as well as their associations with choroidal thickness (ChT) in young healthy highly myopic eyes. Methods A total of 167 patients with high myopia and 172 individuals without high myopia were enrolled. All of the subjects were divided by axial length. The PPA area was measured on fundus photographs. BMOD, BL, BTA, vertical tilt angle, macular ChT (mChT), and peripapillary ChT (pChT) were measured on swept-source optical coherence tomography scans. Results The PPA area (P < 0.0001) and vertical tilt angle (P < 0.0001) were larger, BMOD (P < 0.0001) and BL (P < 0.0001) were longer, and BTA (P < 0.0001) was smaller in the high-myopia group compared with the group without high myopia. Every 1-µm increase in BMOD was associated with a 35.80-µm decrease in mChT; every 1° decrease in BTA was correlated with a 0.32-µm decrease in mChT and a 0.26-µm decrease in pChT; and no association was found between PPA area and ChT in the multivariate linear regression model. Conclusions PPA area, BL, BMOD, and vertical tilt angle increased, but BTA decreased with axial elongation of the globe in young, healthy patients with myopia. Longer BMOD was positively correlated with lower mChT, and smaller BTA was positively correlated with lower mChT and pChT in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Hu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Qiuying Chen
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Xian Xu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Hanyi Lv
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | | | | | - Yao Yin
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Ying Fan
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Haidong Zou
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Jiangnan He
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Xun Xu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
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13
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Effect of peripapillary tilt direction and magnitude on central visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma with high myopia. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 64:414-422. [PMID: 32572718 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between peripapillary tilt and visual field (VF) defects in glaucomatous eyes with axial myopia. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred four eyes of 104 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with myopia were included (52 eyes with high myopia [HM], 26.5 mm ≤ axial length [AL] < 30.0 mm; and 52 eyes without HM, 24.0 mm < AL < 26.5 mm). The direction and magnitude of the peripapillary tilt were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. The eyes were divided into 12 groups according to the tilt directions defined by clock-hour sectors in a clockwise direction in the right eyes and in a counterclockwise direction in the left eyes. The mean deviation (MD) and central VF (CVF) values, ie, the mean threshold values of 4 paracentral points within 5 degrees of the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm 30-2 test, were evaluated. RESULTS The direction of the tilt was toward sector 9 (47.1%) and sector 8 (34.6%). The MD and CVF values were significantly worse (P = 0.013 and P = 0.019, respectively) in the sector 9 group than in the sector 8 group. Furthermore, the smaller peripapillary tilt magnitude in the sector 9 group was negatively correlated (P = 0.0019) with the CVF but not with the MD (P = 0.1) among the POAG eyes with HM. In contrast, the ovality index in the sector 9 group was not significantly correlated with the MD (P = 0.4) or the CVF (P = 0.36). CONCLUSION A smaller temporal peripapillary tilt correlated with CVF defects in POAG eyes with HM. The peripapillary tilt direction and magnitude affect the CVF defect in POAG eyes with HM.
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Different Disc Characteristics Associated With High Myopia and the Location of Glaucomatous Damage in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal-Tension Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2020; 28:519-528. [PMID: 30789526 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PRéCIS:: Disc tilt is a characteristic of high myopia and related to lower wedge-shaped retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the direction of disc torsion corresponds to the location of wedge-shaped RNFL defects. PURPOSE To evaluate the disc characteristics in high myopia and the relationships between disc tilt and torsion and the location of wedge-shaped RNFL defects in primary POAG and NTG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The differences in disc properties and clinical characteristics between POAG (n=53) and NTG (n=82), and between high myopic (<-6 D, n=77) and non-high myopic (≥-6 D, n=58) glaucoma, were investigated. The association between disc tilt and torsion and the location of wedge-shaped RNFL defects in POAG and NTG were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In NTG, but not in POAG, high myopia eyes had significantly smaller discs, a lower tilt ratio (0.73±0.09), and more disc tilt (56.5%) than did non-high myopia eyes (0.80±0.09, 33.3%). In POAG, eyes with lower wedge-shaped RNFL defects had a significantly smaller torsion angle (-5.44±19.62 degrees, inferior disc torsion) than did eyes with upper defects (9.70±23.62 degrees, superior disc torsion; P=0.014). In NTG, a significantly decreased tilt ratio (0.74±0.93; P=0.001) and more disc tilt (55.9%, P=0.005) were found in eyes with lower wedge-shaped RNFL defects than in eyes with upper defects (0.81±0.09; 21.7%). The torsion degree and tilt ratio were the only factors associated with the location of wedge-shaped RNFL defects in POAG and NTG, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In NTG, smaller and tilted discs were the characteristics of high myopia. Disc tilt was associated with lower wedge-shaped RNFL defects. In POAG, the direction of disc torsion corresponded to the location of the wedge-shaped RNFL defects.
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15
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Zhang Q, Xu L, Wei WB, Wang YX, Jonas JB. Size and Shape of Bruch's Membrane Opening in Relationship to Axial Length, Gamma Zone, and Macular Bruch's Membrane Defects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2591-2598. [PMID: 31219533 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess axial elongation-associated characteristics in Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) as the inner optic nerve head lamella. Methods Participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study without glaucoma underwent optical coherence tomography for measurement of the BMO size and shape. Results The study included 365 individuals (mean age, 61.0 ± 8.7 years; range, 50-88 years; axial length, 24.45 ± 1.99 mm; range, 21.32-30.88 mm). Larger horizontal (mean:1.62 ± 0.28 mm) and vertical (mean: 1.74 ± 0.27 mm) BMO diameters were linearly associated with longer axial length beyond an axial length of 26.0 mm (horizontal diameter: P < 0.001; standardized regression coefficient β: 0.66; nonstandardized regression coefficient B: 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16, 0.27; vertical diameter: P < 0.001; β: 40; B: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.18). In multivariable analysis, wider largest gamma zone was associated with larger intrapapillary Bruch's membrane (BM) overhanging on the side opposite to the largest gamma zone (P = 0.006; β: 0.14; B: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.60) and with longer horizontal BMO diameter (P < 0.001; β: 0.46; B: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.73). The widest BM overhanging location (superior to nasal) was inversely correlated with the widest gamma zone location (inferior to temporal). Within the axial length group of ≥28.0 mm, eyes with macular BM defects had a less markedly increased BMO than those without macular BM defects (2.27 ± 0.18 vs. 2.71 ± 0.41 mm; P = 0.019). The difference between horizontal BMO diameter minus horizontal gamma zone width decreased (P < 0.001) with longer axial length. Conclusions Beyond 26.0 mm of axial length, horizontal and vertical BMO diameter increased by 0.21 mm (95% CI: 0.16, 0.27) and 0.12 mm (95% CI: 0.06, 0.18), respectively, for each millimeter of axial elongation. Gamma zone may develop due to an axial elongation-associated BMO enlargement (β: 0.46) and, to a minor degree, a BMO shift in direction to the macula (β: 0.14). A large gamma zone may be protective against myopic macular BM defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University, Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Vertical disc tilt and features of the optic nerve head anatomy are related to visual field defect in myopic eyes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3485. [PMID: 30837506 PMCID: PMC6401376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is significantly growing eye disease which accompanies various ocular pathologies including glaucoma. Understanding visual field (VF) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) damage observed in myopic eyes is important. Therefore, we evaluated optic disc margin anatomy using spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT). We enrolled 40 healthy myopic patients and 64 myopic patients with RNFL defects in the superonasal region of the optic disc on red-free photographs and OCT. Optic disc stereophotographs were co-localized to SD-OCT images, and we analyzed the frequency with which the disc margin identified in photographs coincided with Bruch’s membrane (BM) opening, BM/border tissue, or border tissue. For each scan, the presence of border tissue overhang beyond the clinical disc margin and the end of Bruch’s membrane was identified. Among 64 myopic eyes with RNFL defects, 42 had corresponding inferotemporal VF defects. Border tissue overhang was found from 25 to 60% of myopic eyes with RNFL defect at all clock positions. However, border tissue overhang was found from 86 to 97% at 1, 2, 11 and 12 o’clock position in myopic eyes with VF defects. This was significantly different from myopic healthy eyes. We suggest that the OCT structure at the disc margin might contribute to VF damage in myopic patients.
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Qiu K, Wang G, Lu X, Zhang R, Sun L, Zhang M. Application of the ISNT rules on retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and neuroretinal rim area in healthy myopic eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:161-167. [PMID: 29197157 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the applicability of inferior > superior > nasal > temporal (ISNT) rules on retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and rim area and evaluated the impact of various ocular factors on the performance of the ISNT rules in healthy myopic eyes. METHODS A total of 138 eyes from 138 healthy myopic subjects were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The peripapillary RNFL and optic disc in each eye were imaged with Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT2), respectively. The performance of the inferior > superior (IS), inferior > superior > nasal > temporal (IST) and ISNT rules on RNFL thickness and rim area was determined and compared between low-to-moderate myopia and high myopia. The effects of ocular factors [including axial length, disc area, disc tilt, disc torsion, disc-fovea angle (DFA) and retina artery angle] on the performance of ISNT rules were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean axial length and refractive error were 25.57 ± 1.09 mm (range, 22.52-28.77 mm) and -5.12 ± 2.30 D [range, -9.63 to -0.50 dioptres (D)], respectively. Sixty-three per cent of the healthy eyes were compliant with the ISNT rule on rim area, while ISNT rule on RNFL thickness was followed in only 11.6% of the included eyes. For rim area, smaller disc area was significantly associated with increased compliance of the IS rule (odds ratio: 0.46, p = 0.039), IST rule (odds ratio: 0.46, p = 0.037) and ISNT rule (odds ratio: 0.44, p = 0.030). For RNFL thickness, greater DFA was significantly associated with increased compliance of the IS and IST rules (odds ratio: 1.30, p < 0.001; odds ratio: 1.19, p = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION In healthy myopic subjects, 88.4% and 37% of eyes did not comply with the ISNT rule on RNFL thickness and rim area, respectively. Due to significant low compliance in healthy eyes, the ISNT rule and its variants have limited potential utility in diagnosing glaucoma in myopic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shantou Guangdong Province China
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Geng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shantou Guangdong Province China
| | - Xuehui Lu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shantou Guangdong Province China
| | - Riping Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shantou Guangdong Province China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shantou Guangdong Province China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shantou Guangdong Province China
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Correlations Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Axial Length, Peripapillary Retinal Tilt, Optic Disc Size, and Retinal Artery Position in Healthy Eyes. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:34-40. [PMID: 27753756 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the correlations between the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and the axial length, peripapillary retinal tilt (PRT), and optic disc size, and retinal artery position. METHODS A prospective, observational cross-sectional study of 119 healthy right eyes of 119 volunteers. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including peripapillary RNFLT imaging and measurements of the axial length. The RNFLT was determined by the TOPCON 3D OCT-1000, MARK II. The RNFLT in a 3.4 mm circular scan was divided into 12 clock-hour sectors and 4 quadrant sectors around the optic disc. The PRT was assessed using the RNFLT B-scan images. The angle between the supra-temporal and infra-temporal retinal arteries was determined in the color fundus photographs. The correlations between the sectorial RNFLTs and the axial length, PRT, optic disc size, and artery angles were determined by simple and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed that the nasal and inferior quadrants and the whole RNFLT were significantly and negatively correlated with the axial length (standardized coefficient (SC)=-0.39 to -0.30, P<0.05). The PRT was significantly and positively associated with all of the quadrants and the whole RNFLT (SC=0.22 to 0.45, P<0.05). The retinal artery angle was significantly and negatively associated with the temporal RNFLT and positively associated with inferior RNFLT (SC=-0.49 to 0.31, P<0.05). The optic disc size was significantly and positively associated with the superior and nasal quadrants, and the whole RNFLT (SC=0.20 to 0.27, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The axial length, PRT, optic disc size, retinal artery angle can affect the peripapillary RNFLT. These variables should be considered when assessing the peripapillary RNFLT.
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Baniasadi N, Wang M, Wang H, Mahd M, Elze T. Associations between Optic Nerve Head-Related Anatomical Parameters and Refractive Error over the Full Range of Glaucoma Severity. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2017; 6:9. [PMID: 28729947 PMCID: PMC5516570 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.6.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the associations between optic disc (OD)-related anatomical parameters (interartery angle [IAA] between superior and inferior temporal retinal arteries, OD tilt [TL], rotation [ROT], and torsion [TO], OD surface curvature [CUR], and central retinal vessel trunk entry point location [CRVTL] on OD) and the spherical equivalent of refractive error (SE), and to assess the impact of glaucoma severity on these relationships. Methods Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) fundus images and 24-2 visual fields of 438 patients were included. Ellipses were fitted to OD borders. IAA was calculated between marked retinal artery locations on a circle around OD. Blood vessel entry point on OD was marked to locate CRVTL. TL was measured as the angle between the lines fitted to OD clinical boundary and the Bruch's membrane edges on the horizontal B-scans. Ellipse rotation relative to the vertical axis defined ROT. Angle between the long axis of OD and the interartery line defined TO. CUR was determined by the inner limiting membrane on the horizontal B-scans. Linear regression models evaluated by Bayes Factors (BF) were used to determine the covariance structure between the parameters and SE as well as possible impacts of mean deviation (MD). Results Our results showed that CRVTL had the strongest relationship with SE, followed by ROT, TL, and IAA (BFs: 3.59 × 107, 2645, 1126, and 248, respectively). MD did not significantly modulate the relationship between ONH parameters and SE. Conclusion Our results suggest that SE should be considered when interpreting the OD and its circumpapillary region for diagnostic purposes. Translational Relevance The reported relationships between OD-related parameters and ametropia may help to decrease false-positive clinical diagnoses of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Baniasadi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA, USA.,University of Massachusetts, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Psychology and Behavior, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Department of Psychology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mufeed Mahd
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Elze
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Marsh-Tootle WL, Harb E, Hou W, Zhang Q, Anderson HA, Weise K, Norton TT, Gwiazda J, Hyman L. Optic Nerve Tilt, Crescent, Ovality, and Torsion in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort of Young Adults With and Without Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:3158-3171. [PMID: 28654981 PMCID: PMC5484171 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this article is to evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics in an ethnically diverse cohort of young U.S. adults. Methods In this study, 409 myopes and 206 nonmyopes (median age 22 years) completed measures including biometry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography from enface (ovality and torsion) and cross-sectional (tilt and crescent width) scans. Associated factors were evaluated using multivariable models. Results In myopic versus nonmyopic right eyes, median tilt (6.0° vs. 2.4°; P < 0.0001) and frequency of crescents (49% vs. 10%; P < 0.0001) were higher in myopes. Right eyes with crescents had higher median tilts (8.8° [myopic], 9.0° [nonmyopic]) than those without crescent (2.5° [myopic], 2.1° [nonmyopic]), irrespective of refractive group (both P < 0.0001). Torsion was similar between groups, with a slight difference in ovality (0.89 vs. 0.91; P < 0.03). Data in the left eyes were similar, and modeling was done only for the right myopic eyes. Multivariable models showed that an increased tilt was associated with ethnicity (P < 0.001), the presence of crescent (P < 0.001), and smaller ONH diameter (P < 0.0031), with interactions between ethnicity and crescent (P = 0.002). Specifically, ONH tilt was significantly higher in Asian eyes without crescent (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons), and crescent width was associated with increased tilt in non-Asian eyes (P < 0.02). Crescent width was associated with ethnicity (greatest in Asians) and disc tilt. Interactions were observed between tilt and ethnicity, whereby tilt had a greater effect on crescent width in non-Asian eyes, and crescent width was associated with increased tilt in non-Asian eyes. Conclusions The data clarify the influence of ethnicity and myopia on ONH characteristics in young adults and may inform future studies of biomechanical properties or of retinal pathology of the myopic eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L Marsh-Tootle
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Elise Harb
- University of California Berkeley School of Optometry, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Heather A Anderson
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Katherine Weise
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Thomas T Norton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jane Gwiazda
- New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Leslie Hyman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
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Fan YY, Jonas JB, Wang YX, Chen CX, Wei WB. Horizontal and vertical optic disc rotation. The Beijing Eye Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175749. [PMID: 28481929 PMCID: PMC5422037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the optic disc rotation around the vertical and horizontal disc axis and to evaluate associations with general and ocular parameters. DESIGN Population-based study. METHODS In the Beijing Eye Study, 3468 participants (mean age:64.6±9.8 years; range:50-93 years) underwent an ophthalmological examination which included spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with enhanced depth imaging. Using the OCT images, we determined the amount of the rotation of the optic disc (defined as Bruch´s membrane opening (BMO)) around the vertical axis and horizontal axis. RESULTS Optic disc rotation measurements were available for 3037 (87.6%) individuals. In multivariate analysis, larger optic disc rotation around the vertical axis (range:-4.90° to 41.0°) was associated (regression coefficient r:0.27) with high axial myopia (axial length ≥26.5 mm) (P<0.001;standardized regression coefficient beta beta:0.09), longer disc-fovea distance (P = 0.001;beta:0.09) and wider parapapillary beta/gamma zone (P<0.001;beta0.12). Larger optic disc rotation around the horizontal axis (range:-7.10° to 26.4°) was associated (r:0.32) with high axial myopia (P = 0.001;beta:0.08), larger optic disc-fovea angle (P<0.001;beta:0.13), thinner superior nasal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P<0.001;beta:-0.19) and thicker inferior nasal RNFL thickness (P<0.001;beta:0.17). CONCLUSIONS Vertical optic disc rotation was associated with highly myopic axial elongation, increased disc-fovea distance and development or enlargement of parapapillary, Bruch´s membrane free, gamma zone, while macular Bruch´s membrane length is not affected. Horizontal optic disc rotation was associated with inferior dislocation of the fovea, in addition to a thinner superior nasal RNFL and thicker inferior nasal RNFL. The latter association may be taken into account in the interpretation of RNFL thickness profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Fan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Chang Xi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Relationship Between Anterior Lamina Cribrosa Surface Tilt and Glaucoma Development in Myopic Eyes. J Glaucoma 2017; 26:415-422. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ocular characteristics associated with the location of focal lamina cribrosa defects in open-angle glaucoma patients. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:578-587. [PMID: 27935604 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics according to the location of focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects and its associated ocular features.Patients and methodsA total of 139 open-angle glaucoma patients underwent Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) with enhanced depth imaging. Alterations in the contour of the LC were investigated to find focal LC defects. The location of the visible LC defect from the neural canal wall (far-peripheral and mid-peripheral) and clock-hour position (superotemporal, temporal and inferotemporal) were classified. Disc ovality ratio and disc-foveal angle were measured from disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs. The disc tilt degree was measured using a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) III system. The en face OCT image of the disc scans was registered to the disc and RNFL photographs, to determine whether the focal LC defects corresponded spatially to the glaucomatous damage location.ResultsEyes with far-peripheral LC defects were significantly myopic and had a higher disc ovality ratio. The disc tilt degree obtained by HRT revealed significant temporal disc tilt in eyes with temporal LC defects (P<0.001). Eyes with inferotemporal LC defects had a significantly larger disc-foveal angle (P=0.027). The inferotemporal LC defects corresponded to the location of glaucomatous damage in 81.6%; however, only 46.2% of eyes with a superotemporal LC defect and 3.2% of eyes with a temporal LC defect corresponded spatially with the glaucomatous damage location.ConclusionsThe clinical characteristics and association with glaucomatous damage location were different according to the location of focal LC defect.
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Yamashita T, Sakamoto T, Yoshihara N, Terasaki H, Kii Y, Tanaka M, Nakao K. Circumpapillary course of retinal pigment epithelium can be fit to sine wave and amplitude of sine wave is significantly correlated with ovality ratio of optic disc. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122191. [PMID: 25848777 PMCID: PMC4388545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a method of quantifying the degree of optic disc tilt in normal eyes. This was a prospective, observational cross sectional study of 126 right eyes of 126 healthy volunteers. The optic disc tilt was determined from the circular peripapillary optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scan images. The course of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer in the peripapillary cross sectional scan images was fit to a sine wave curve, and the amplitude of the sine curve was used to reflect the degree of the optic disc tilt in the optical axis. The repeatability of the amplitude determinations was calculated. The correlation between the amplitude and the ovality ratio of the optic disc was determined. The correlation between the amplitude and the body height was also calculated. The mean amplitudewas 36.6 ± 17.5 pixels, which was significantly and inversely correlated with the ovality ratio of the optic disc (R = -0.59, P<0.001). The intra-rater and inter-rater correlation coefficients of the amplitude were significant high (P<0.001, both). The amplitude was significantly and inversely correlated with the body height (R = -0.38, P<0.001), but not with the axial length. In conclusion, a sine wave function can be used to describe the course of the RPE in the circumpapillary OCT images. The results indicate that the amplitude of the sine wave can be used to represent the degree of optic disc tilt. Thus, the sine wave analyses can be used as a quantifiable and repeatable method to determine the optic disc tilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yamashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoya Yoshihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuya Kii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Chiang J, Wong E, Whatham A, Hennessy M, Kalloniatis M, Zangerl B. The usefulness of multimodal imaging for differentiating pseudopapilloedema and true swelling of the optic nerve head: a review and case series. Clin Exp Optom 2014; 98:12-24. [PMID: 25315395 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic practitioners have to make a critical differential diagnosis in cases of an elevated optic nerve head. They have to discriminate between pseudopapilloedema (benign elevation of the optic nerve head) and true swelling of the optic nerve head. This decision has significant implications for appropriate patient management. Assessment of the optic disc prior to the advanced imaging techniques that are available today (particularly spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence), has mainly used diagnostic tools, such as funduscopy and retinal photography. As these traditional methods rely on the subjective assessment by the clinician, evaluation of the elevated optic nerve head to differentiate pseudopapilloedema from true swelling of the optic nerve head can be a challenge in clinical practice with patients typically referred for further neuroimaging investigation when the diagnosis is uncertain. The use of multimodal ocular imaging tools such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography, short wavelength fundus autofluorescence and ultrasonography, can potentially aid in the differentiation of pseudopapilloedema from true swelling of the optic nerve head, in conjunction with other clinical findings. By doing so, unnecessary patient costs and anxiety in the case of pseudopapilloedema can be reduced, and appropriate urgent referral and management in the case of true swelling of the optic nerve head can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Chiang
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Hosseini H, Nassiri N, Azarbod P, Giaconi J, Chou T, Caprioli J, Nouri-Mahdavi K. Measurement of the optic disc vertical tilt angle with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and influencing factors. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 156:737-44. [PMID: 23891337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a novel method for measuring the vertical tilt angle of the optic nerve (ON) head and to investigate the associated factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional diagnostic study. METHODS One hundred and twelve normal, glaucomatous, and glaucoma suspect eyes (99 patients) were enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent a full eye examination, biometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). The vertical tilt angle was measured on high-resolution cross-sectional SDOCT images passing through the ON head and foveal centers using the inner edges of the Bruch membrane opening as the reference plane. The correlation between the vertical tilt angle with the ovality index and the potential associated factors was estimated with univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS The median (interquartile range, [IQR]) axial length and visual field mean deviation were 24.5 (23.8-25.3) mm and -0.9 (-2.76 to 0.26) dB. The median (IQR) tilt angle was 3.5 (1.2-11.2) degrees. There was a moderate correlation between the ovality index and tilt angle (Spearman ρ = 0.351; P < .001). In univariate analyses, axial length, spherical equivalent, and mean deviation were correlated with the tilt angle (P = .002, P = .011, and P = .013, respectively). Axial length, mean deviation, and their interaction showed a statistically significant correlation with the tilt angle in multivariate analyses (P = .044 for axial length, P = .039 for mean deviation, and P = .028 for their interaction). CONCLUSIONS We describe a new method for measuring the ON head vertical tilt angle with high-resolution SDOCT imaging. The ovality index demonstrated only a moderate correlation with the tilt angle measurements and hence is not a good proxy measure for the vertical ON head tilt angle. Axial length and visual field mean deviation are the main factors associated with the ON head vertical tilt angle. The underlying basis for the relationship of vertical tilt angle and glaucoma severity should be further explored.
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