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Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Hemodialysis in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran: Prevalence and Mutations within the S Region. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:3838857. [PMID: 35800327 PMCID: PMC9256460 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3838857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the extensive screening for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemodialysis (HD) patients are still severely at the risk of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), especially in developing countries. OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA with undetectable HBsAg in the liver and/or Serum. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OBI in HD patients in Tabriz Province, northwest of Iran, and inquire about the mutations in the detected HBsAg. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, ELISA method assessed serum and plasma samples of 118 HBsAg-negative patients undergoing HD treatment for HBV serological markers (HBsAg and Anti-HBc). Specific primers by nested polymerase chain reaction have been utilized to examine HBV DNA; also, direct sequencing of surface genes was carried out to characterize the viral genotypes and S gene mutations. Finally, followed by real-time PCR, the quantity of viral load in OBI-positive patients was determined. A total of 118 HD patients were included (63.6% were male and 36.4% female), with an overall mean age of 60.8 ± 12.8 years old. The prevalence of antihepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc) in the study population was 26.3% (31/118). Five patients (4.2%) were positive for HBV DNA and labeled OBI-positive; their plasma HBV-DNA load was less than 100 IU/ml. Following the phylogenetic analysis, the samples with OBI roughly belonged to genotype D, subtype ayw2 and only two had mutations within the S ’gene’s major hydrophilic region (MHR), including T123I, C124F, and P127T. This study reports the prevalence of OBI in the HBsAg-negative HD patients being at a rate of 4.2%, which can be a clinically vital consideration in this region. HBV serologic screening approaches need to be renewed to cover nucleic acid testing in the setting of hemodialysis and all the other high-risk groups associated with it (i.e., blood and organ donors).
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Hesamizadeh K, Alavian SM, Najafi Tireh Shabankareh A, Sharafi H. Molecular Tracing of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Isolates in Iran: A NS5B Phylogenetic Analysis with Systematic Review. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e42938. [PMID: 28123445 PMCID: PMC5237473 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.42938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and classified into 7 genotypes and different subtypes. It heterogeneously distributed through various risk groups and geographical regions. A well-established phylogenetic relationship can simplify the tracing of HCV hierarchical strata into geographical regions. The current study aimed to find genetic phylogeny of subtypes 1a and 1b of HCV isolates based on NS5B nucleotide sequences in Iran and other members of Eastern Mediterranean regional office of world health organization, as well as other Middle Eastern countries, with a systematic review of available published and unpublished studies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the nucleotide sequences of NS5B gene of HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1), which were registered in the GenBank database. The literature review was performed in two steps: 1) searching studies evaluating the NS5B sequences of HCV-1, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and 2) Searching sequences of unpublished studies registered in the GenBank database. RESULTS In this study, 442 sequences from HCV-1a and 232 from HCV-1b underwent phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of all sequences revealed different clusters in the phylogenetic trees. The results showed that the proportion of HCV-1a and -1b isolates from Iranian patients probably originated from domestic sources. Moreover, the HCV-1b isolates from Iranian patients may have similarities with the European ones. CONCLUSIONS In this study, phylogenetic reconstruction of HCV-1 sequences clearly indicated for molecular tracing and ancestral relationships of the HCV genotypes in Iran, and showed the likelihood of domestic origin for HCV-1a and various origin for HCV-1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Hesamizadeh
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Azar Najafi Tireh Shabankareh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Heidar Sharafi, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-21 8894 5186, Fax: +98-2188945188, E-mail:
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Esmail MA, Mahdi WKM, Khairy RM, Abdalla NH. Genotyping of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian hemodialysis patients without hepatitis C virus infection. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:452-7. [PMID: 26778093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B viral infection is the presence of hepatitis B viral nucleic acids in the serum and/or liver in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen. AIM The study aimed to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis C virus-negative hemodialysis patients and to identify their genotypes. METHODS of 144 patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 50 hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus nucleic acid-negative patients were selected according to strict inclusion criteria to avoid the effect of confounding variables. The following investigations were done: serum AST and ALT; HBsAg; HBcAb; HCV-Ab; HCV-RNA; and HBV-DNA. RESULTS Positive hepatitis B viral nucleic acid was confirmed in 12/144 (8.3%) hemodialysis patients and 12/50 (24%) in our study group (occult infection). Mean hemodialysis periods for negative patients and occult hepatitis B virus patients were 27.3±18.8 and 38.4±8.14 months, respectively, and this difference was significant (p-value=0.02). Mean alanine transaminase levels were 20.27±5.5IU/L and 25.3±9.6 in negative patients and occult infection patients, respectively. This difference was non-significant. Aspartate transaminase levels were 21.4±10.2IU/L and 27.3±4.6IU/L, respectively, in negative patients and infected patients; this difference was significant (p-value=0.03). Half (6/12) of the positive samples belonged to genotype 'B', 33.3% (4/12) to 'C', and 16.6% (2/12) to genotype 'D'. CONCLUSION OBI is likely among hemodialysis patients even without HCV coinfection (24%). Genotype D cannot be the only genotype distributed in Upper Egypt, as the current study reported relatively new results that 50% of the patients with occult B carry genotype B, 33.3% carry genotype C and only 16.6% carry genotype D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Esmail
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa K M Mahdi
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Khairy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Nilly H Abdalla
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suif University, Egypt.
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Risk assessment of hepatitis C virus seroconversion in haemodialysis patients and units at Sohag. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.elx.0000440961.86687.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Askarian M, Mansour Ghanaie R, Karimi A, Habibzadeh F. Infectious diseases in Iran: a bird's eye view. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:1081-8. [PMID: 23033964 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to improved health standards in Iran over the past three decades, we have witnessed a shift in the causes of death in Iran from infectious causes to non-communicable diseases-mainly cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and road traffic injuries. The incidence and prevalence of many infectious diseases, such as many parasitic infections, have fallen significantly; there have been no reported cases of dracunculiasis in Iran since the mid-1970s. Great strides have also been made towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in Iran. However, we still have some problems with cutaneous leishmaniasis, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, infections among immunocompromised hosts, hospital-acquired infections, and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. We need to emphasize improvements in sanitation, good clinical practice, and education about the rational administration of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Askarian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Alavian SM. Seronegative anti-hepatitis C virus antibody in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int 2012; 17:328. [PMID: 22947268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2012.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alavian SM, Lankarani KB, Sharara AI. Treatment of Chronic HCV in Special Populations: Thalassemia, Hemophilia, and Hemodialysis Patients. CURRENT HEPATITIS REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11901-012-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Alavian SM, Jabbari H, Ebrahimi Daryani N, Torabi nami M. Hepatitis C Virus: The Rising Concerns and Growing Hopes, Report From the HCV Symposium, Fourth Tehran Hepatitis Congress, November 2011, Tehran, Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012. [PMCID: PMC3437452 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The rising concerns for future health burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in global scale has continuously encouraged preventing measures particularly public awareness programs. There is an increasing necessity for allocating HCV awareness issues in public scope, especially for high risk populations and patients. Proper knowledge of health care professionals and treating physicians and their attitude with regard to hepatitis C management is also crucial. Achieving this can be a constructive step forward in controlling and hopefully eradicating hepatitis C virus in our community. Having a clear scientific grasp on treatment options and protocols, the concept of “CURE” achievement in hepatitis C and the future hopes in enhancing virological response with the coming direct antiviral agents can significantly add to the current practices of treating hepatitis C. This scientific report paper outlines the insights communicated at the HCV symposium during the 4th Tehran Hepatitis Congress, November 2011, Tehran, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossain Jabbari
- Digestive Disease Research Institute (DDRI), Infectious Diseases Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Univ. Department of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Wien, Austria
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2188799446, Fax: +98-218879984, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Torabi nami
- Department of neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Alavian SM. Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:242-3. [PMID: 22690230 PMCID: PMC3360932 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Mollasadra, Vanak sq., Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2188945186, Fax: +98-2188945188, E-mail:
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Alavian SM, Aalaei-Andabili SH. Lack of Knowledge About Hepatitis C Infection Rates Among Patients With Inherited Coagulation Disorders in Countries Under the Eastern Mediterranean Region Office of WHO (EMRO): A Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:244-52. [PMID: 22690231 PMCID: PMC3360933 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem. HCV alone is responsible for 90% cases of acute hepatitis among multiply transfused patients who are at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVES To provide a clear picture of available data, we performed a systematic review of the epidemiological characteristics of HCV infection among patients with inherited coagulation disorders in the countries under the Eastern Mediterranean Region Office (EMRO). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Meta-analysis was carried out on the basis of results of electronic and manual search. This analysis included studies in English, French, and Persian that met with the following criteria: (1) appropriate study design: cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort; (2) studies reporting HCV prevalence according to enzyme immune assay; (3) studies in which the sample population was enrolled from EMRO countries. According to the results of the heterogeneity tests, we used fixed-effect/random-effect model for our meta-analysis, with the "Metan" command. RESULTS We included 30 studies, most of which were from Iran. The mean age of the subjects ranged from 13 to 27.1 years. The majority of the patients were male (range, 81% to 100%). The pooled estimate of HCV infection among patients with inherited coagulation disorders was 48.07% (95% confidence interval [CI], range: 27.39-55.68) in Iran, 36.03% (95% CI, range: 4.466-67.598) in Pakistan, and 48.27% (95% CI, range: 36.12-60.43) in all the EMRO countries taken together. CONCLUSIONS In Iran and other EMRO countries, the HCV infection rate among patients with inherited coagulation disorders is high. Our study shows that there is a lack of knowledge about infections in such patients in most of the EMRO countries. It is the responsibility of health-policy makers to address this knowledge gap and provide safe and adequate treatment for patients in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Grand floor of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Mollasadra Ave., Vanak Sq. P.O. Box 14155-3651, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2188067114, Fax: +98-2188067114, E-mail:
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Alavian SM, Aalaei-Andabili SH. Lack of Knowledge About Hepatitis C Infection Rates Among Patients With Inherited Coagulation Disorders in Countries Under the Eastern Mediterranean Region Office of WHO (EMRO): A Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012. [PMID: 22690231 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem. HCV alone is responsible for 90% cases of acute hepatitis among multiply transfused patients who are at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OBJECTIVES To provide a clear picture of available data, we performed a systematic review of the epidemiological characteristics of HCV infection among patients with inherited coagulation disorders in the countries under the Eastern Mediterranean Region Office (EMRO). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Meta-analysis was carried out on the basis of results of electronic and manual search. This analysis included studies in English, French, and Persian that met with the following criteria: (1) appropriate study design: cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort; (2) studies reporting HCV prevalence according to enzyme immune assay; (3) studies in which the sample population was enrolled from EMRO countries. According to the results of the heterogeneity tests, we used fixed-effect/random-effect model for our meta-analysis, with the "Metan" command. RESULTS We included 30 studies, most of which were from Iran. The mean age of the subjects ranged from 13 to 27.1 years. The majority of the patients were male (range, 81% to 100%). The pooled estimate of HCV infection among patients with inherited coagulation disorders was 48.07% (95% confidence interval [CI], range: 27.39-55.68) in Iran, 36.03% (95% CI, range: 4.466-67.598) in Pakistan, and 48.27% (95% CI, range: 36.12-60.43) in all the EMRO countries taken together. CONCLUSIONS In Iran and other EMRO countries, the HCV infection rate among patients with inherited coagulation disorders is high. Our study shows that there is a lack of knowledge about infections in such patients in most of the EMRO countries. It is the responsibility of health-policy makers to address this knowledge gap and provide safe and adequate treatment for patients in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease (BRCGL), Tehran, IR Iran
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