Analysis of survival rates and prognostic factors among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Association between the Processed Dietary Pattern and Tumor Staging in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

PURPOSE

This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and tumor staging and the degree of cell differentiation in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 136 individuals newly diagnosed with different stages of HNSCC, aged 20- to 80 years-old. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA), using data collected from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinicopathological data were collected from patients' medical records. Disease staging was categorized as initial stage (stages I and II), intermediary (stage III), and advanced (stage IV). Cell differentiation was categorized as poor, moderate, or well-differentiated. The association of dietary patterns with tumor staging and cell differentiation was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression models and adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Three dietary patterns, "healthy," "processed," and "mixed," were identified. The "processed" dietary pattern was associated with intermediary (odds ratio (OR) 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-4.26; p = 0.001) and advanced (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.12-2.84; p = 0.015) staging. No association was found between dietary patterns and cell differentiation.

CONCLUSION

A high adherence to dietary patterns based on processed foods is associated with advanced tumor staging in patients newly diagnosed with HNSCC.

P-Cadherin and WNT5A expression in assessment of lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Oral cancer progression is a multi-step process in which adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in the development of recurrent, invasive, and distant metastasis. The aim of this study was to adopt prognostic biomarkers to assess the lymph node metastasis of OSCC that will facilitate in deciding the treatment modality by the surgeons.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the study were to assess the biological behaviour of OSCC by correlating the expression levels of P-Cadherin and WNT5A immunohistochemically.

METHODS

A total of 60 selected OSCCs cases (lymph node metastasis n = 30, non-metastatic n = 30) and 10 normal healthy controls were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed by immunohistochemistry for P-Cadherin and WNT5A. A survival analysis was also performed.

RESULTS

The expression levels of P-Cadherin and WNT5A in OSCC groups were statistically significant between metastatic and non-metastatic groups (p < 0.001). P-Cadherin and WNT5A expression in metastatic (lymph node metastasis) and non-metastatic cases showed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.753 at (p < 0.01). The present study also found that the aberrant expression (high) of P-Cadherin was associated with diminished survival of patients with metastatic OSCC.

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrated the aberrant expression of P-Cadherin and WNT5A could serve as important prognosticator in OSCC.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

P-Cadherin and WNT5A could be used as significant predictors of disease outcome.

Interleukin-1beta and Caspase-3 expression serve as independent prognostic markers for metastasis and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND

The Indian subcontinent has the highest incidence and prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Inflammation and apoptosis are two emerging hall marks of cancer that might play a significant role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Concurrent expression of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) and executioner caspase (Caspase-3) in same OSCC tissue samples has not been reported in an Indian population.

OBJECTIVES

The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of IL-1β and Caspase-3 in same OSCC tissue samples with clinicopathological correlation and survival analysis in Indian population.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted utilizing 40 formalin fixed paraffin embedded histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC comprising of 20 metastatic OSCC and 20 non-metastatic OSCC.

RESULTS

Increased expression of IL-1β and Caspase-3 were observed in metastatic OSCC. Correlation of expression of IL-1β and Caspase-3 with clinicopathological parameters revealed a significant association between these markers and staging, nodal status and site of the lesion.

CONCLUSION

Over expression of IL-1β and Caspase-3 was associated with advanced stage and poor survival of the patient. IL-1β overexpression showed significantly lower disease-free survival and disease specific survival as well. Overexpression of IL-1β and Caspase-3 in incisional OSCC biopsies could be considered for predicting metastasis and survival outcome.