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Zulkifli N, Hashim N, Harith HH, Mohamad Shukery MF, Onwude DI, Sairi M. Finite Element Modelling for Predicting the Puncture Responses in Papayas. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020442. [PMID: 33670437 PMCID: PMC7921933 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop a finite element (FE) model to determine the mechanical responses of Exotica papayas during puncture loads. The FE model of the puncture-test was developed using the ANSYS 19.1 software. The proposed framework combined the finite element method and statistical procedure to validate the simulation with the experimental results. Assuming the elastic-plastic behaviour of papaya, the mechanical properties were measured through tensile test and compression test for both skin and flesh. The geometrical models include a quarter solid of papaya that was subjected to a puncture test with a 2 mm diameter flat-end stainless-steel probe inserted into the fruit tissues at 0.5 mm/s, 1 mm/s, 1.5 mm/s, 2 mm/s, and 2.5 mm/s. The FE results showed good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the proposed approach was reliable. The FE model was best predicted the bioyield force with the highest relative error of 14.46%. In conclusion, this study contributes to the usage of FE methods for predicting the puncture responses of any perishable fruit and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurazwin Zulkifli
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (H.H.H.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Norhashila Hashim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (H.H.H.); (M.F.M.S.)
- SMART Farming Technology Research Centre (SFTRC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hazreen Haizi Harith
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (H.H.H.); (M.F.M.S.)
- SMART Farming Technology Research Centre (SFTRC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Firdza Mohamad Shukery
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (H.H.H.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Daniel Iroemeha Onwude
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo 52021, Nigeria;
| | - Masniza Sairi
- Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Sano MB, DeWitt MR. Thermochromic Tissue Phantoms for Evaluating Temperature Distribution in Simulated Clinical Applications of Pulsed Electric Field Therapies. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:362-371. [PMID: 34476365 PMCID: PMC8370349 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) induces cell death through nonthermal mechanisms, however, in extreme cases, the treatments can induce deleterious thermal transients. This study utilizes a thermochromic tissue phantom to enable visualization of regions exposed to temperatures above 60°C. Materials and Methods: Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels supplemented with thermochromic ink were characterized and processed to match the electrical properties of liver tissue. Three thousand volt high-frequency IRE protocols were administered with delivery rates of 100 and 200 μs/s. The effect of supplemental internal applicator cooling was then characterized. Results: Baseline treatments resulted thermal areas of 0.73 cm2, which decreased to 0.05 cm2 with electrode cooling. Increased delivery rates (200 μs/s) resulted in thermal areas of 1.5 and 0.6 cm2 without and with cooling, respectively. Conclusions: Thermochromic tissue phantoms enable rapid characterization of thermal effects associated with pulsed electric field treatments. Active cooling of applicators can significantly reduce the quantity of tissue exposed to deleterious temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Sano
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Narayan M, Fey AM. Developing a novel force forecasting technique for early prediction of critical events in robotics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230009. [PMID: 32379827 PMCID: PMC7205263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety critical events in robotic applications can often be characterized by forces between the robot end-effector and the environment. One application in which safe interaction between the robot and environment is critical is in the area of medical robots. In this paper, we propose a novel Compact Form Dynamic Linearization Model-Free Prediction (CFDL-MFP) technique to predict future values of any time-series sensor data, such as interaction forces. Existing time series forecasting methods have high computational times which motivates the development of a novel technique. Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) forecasting as benchmark, the performance of the proposed model was evaluated in terms of accuracy, computation efficiency, and stability on various force profiles. The proposed algorithm was 11% more accurate than ARIMA and maximum computation time of CFDL-MFP was 4ms, compared to ARIMA (7390ms). Furthermore, we evaluate the model in the special case of predicting needle buckling events, before they occur, by using only axial force and needle-tip position data. The model was evaluated experimentally for robustness with steerable needle insertions into different tissues including gelatin and biological tissue. For a needle insertion velocity of 2.5mm/s, the proposed algorithm was able to predict needle buckling 2.03s sooner than human detections. In biological tissue, no false positive or false negative buckling detections occurred and the rates were low in artificial tissue. The proposed forecasting model can be used to ensure safe robot interactions with delicate environments by predicting adverse force-based events before they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Narayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ann Majewicz Fey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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Sharma S, Aguilera R, Rao J, Gimzewski JK. Piezoelectric needle sensor reveals mechanical heterogeneity in human thyroid tissue lesions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9282. [PMID: 31243301 PMCID: PMC6594950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Palpable thyroid lesions are common, and although mostly benign, lethal malignant nodules do occur and may be difficult to differentiate. Here, we introduce the use of a piezoelectric system called Smart-touch fine needle (or STFN) mounted directly onto conventional biopsy needles, to evaluate abnormal tissues, through quantitative real-time measurements of variations in tissue stiffness as the needle penetrates tissue. Using well-characterized biomaterials of known stiffness and explanted animal tissue models, we first established experimental protocols for STFN measures on biological tissues, as well as optimized device design for high signal-to-noise ratio. Freshly excised patient thyroids with varying fibrotic and malignant potential revealed discrete variations in STFN based tissue stiffness/stiffness heterogeneity and correlated well with final histopathology. Our piezoelectric needle sensor reveals mechanical heterogeneity in thyroid tissue lesions and provides a foundation for the design of hand-held tools for the rapid, mechano-profiling of malignant lesions in vivo while performing fine needle aspiration (FNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Renato Aguilera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - JianYu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - James K Gimzewski
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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de Jong TL, Pluymen LH, van Gerwen DJ, Kleinrensink GJ, Dankelman J, van den Dobbelsteen JJ. PVA matches human liver in needle-tissue interaction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:223-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Poniatowski LH, Somani SS, Veneziano D, McAdams S, Sweet RM. Characterizing and Simulating Needle Insertion Forces for Percutaneous Renal Access. J Endourol 2016; 30:1049-1055. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2016.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Domenico Veneziano
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Riuniti Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Sean McAdams
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Robert M. Sweet
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
PURPOSE To test and validate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for peripheral artery lesion characterization and relate the MRI characteristics to the amount of force required for a guidewire to puncture peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTOs) as a surrogate for immediate failure of endovascular therapy. METHODS Diseased superficial femoral, popliteal, and tibial artery segments containing 55 atherosclerotic lesions were excised from the amputated limbs of 7 patients with critical limb ischemia. The lesions were imaged at high resolution (75 μm3 voxels) with T2-weighted (T2W) and ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences on a 7-T MR scanner. The MR images (n=15) were validated with micro-computed tomography and histology. CTOs (n=40) were classified by their MR signal characteristics as "soft" (signals indicating fat, thrombus, microchannels, or loose fibrous tissue), "hard" (collagen and/or speckled calcium signals), or "calcified" (calcified nodule signals). A 2-kg load cell advanced the back end of a 0.035-inch stiff guidewire at a fixed displacement rate (0.05 mm/s) through the CTOs, and the forces required to cross each lesion were measured. RESULTS T2W images showed fat as hyperintense and hardened tissue as hypointense. Calcium and thrombus appeared as a signal void in conventional MRI sequences but were easily identified in UTE images (thrombus was hyperintense and calcium hypointense). MRI accurately differentiated "hard," "soft," and "calcified" CTOs based on associated guidewire puncture force. The guidewire could not enter "calcified" CTOs (n=6) at all. "Hard" CTOs (n=9) required a significantly higher (p<0.001) puncture force of 1.71±0.51 N vs 0.43±0.36 N for "soft" CTOs (n=25). CONCLUSION MRI characteristics of PAD lesions correlate with guidewire puncture forces, an important aspect of crossability. Future work will determine if clinical MR scanners can be used to predict success in peripheral vascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Roy
- 1 Schulich Heart Program and the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Garry Liu
- 1 Schulich Heart Program and the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noor Shaikh
- 4 Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Dueck
- 1 Schulich Heart Program and the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham A Wright
- 1 Schulich Heart Program and the Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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