1
|
Burggren W, Abramova R, Bautista NM, Fritsche Danielson R, Dubansky B, Gupta A, Hansson K, Iyer N, Jagadeeswaran P, Jennbacken K, Rydén-Markinhutha K, Patel V, Raman R, Trivedi H, Vazquez Roman K, Williams S, Wang QD. A larval zebrafish model of cardiac physiological recovery following cardiac arrest and myocardial hypoxic damage. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060230. [PMID: 39263862 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary cardiac injury models in zebrafish larvae include cryoinjury, laser ablation, pharmacological treatment and cardiac dysfunction mutations. Although effective in damaging cardiomyocytes, these models lack the important element of myocardial hypoxia, which induces critical molecular cascades within cardiac muscle. We have developed a novel, tractable, high throughput in vivo model of hypoxia-induced cardiac damage that can subsequently be used in screening cardioactive drugs and testing recovery therapies. Our potentially more realistic model for studying cardiac arrest and recovery involves larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) acutely exposed to severe hypoxia (PO2=5-7 mmHg). Such exposure induces loss of mobility quickly followed by cardiac arrest occurring within 120 min in 5 days post fertilization (dpf) and within 40 min at 10 dpf. Approximately 90% of 5 dpf larvae survive acute hypoxic exposure, but survival fell to 30% by 10 dpf. Upon return to air-saturated water, only a subset of larvae resumed heartbeat, occurring within 4 min (5 dpf) and 6-8 min (8-10 dpf). Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output in control larvae before hypoxic exposure were 188±5 bpm, 0.20±0.001 nL and 35.5±2.2 nL/min (n=35), respectively. After briefly falling to zero upon severe hypoxic exposure, heart rate returned to control values by 24 h of recovery. However, reflecting the severe cardiac damage induced by the hypoxic episode, stroke volume and cardiac output remained depressed by ∼50% from control values at 24 h of recovery, and full restoration of cardiac function ultimately required 72 h post-cardiac arrest. Immunohistological staining showed co-localization of Troponin C (identifying cardiomyocytes) and Capase-3 (identifying cellular apoptosis). As an alternative to models employing mechanical or pharmacological damage to the developing myocardium, the highly reproducible cardiac effects of acute hypoxia-induced cardiac arrest in the larval zebrafish represent an alternative, potentially more realistic model that mimics the cellular and molecular consequences of an infarction for studying cardiac tissue hypoxia injury and recovery of function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Regina Abramova
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Naim M Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Regina Fritsche Danielson
- SVP and head of Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Ben Dubansky
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Avi Gupta
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Kenny Hansson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Neha Iyer
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Pudur Jagadeeswaran
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Katarina Rydén-Markinhutha
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Vishal Patel
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Revathi Raman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Hersh Trivedi
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Karem Vazquez Roman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Steven Williams
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vaish AG, Tomizawa Y, Daggett DF, Hoshino K. Optical Elastography for Micropressure Characterization of Zebrafish Embryonic Cardiac Development. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:647-656. [PMID: 38036895 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The proper formation of the vertebrate embryonic heart relies on various mechanical forces which determine its form and function. Measuring these forces at the microscale of the embryo is a challenge. We propose a new tool utilizing high-resolution optical elastography and stiffness measurements of surrounding tissues to non-invasively track the changes in the pressure exerted by the heart on the neighboring yolk, as well as changes in contractile patterns during early cardiac growth in-vivo, using the zebrafish embryo as a model system. Cardiac development was characterized every three hours from 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to 30 hpf and compared between wildtype fish and those treated with MS-222, a commonly used fish anesthetic that decreases cardiac contractility. Wildtype embryos from 24 to 30 hpf showed an average yolk indentation pressure of 0.32 mmHg to 0.41 mmHg, respectively. MS-222 treated embryos showed an average yolk indentation pressure of 0.22 mmHg to 0.29 mmHg. Yolk indentation pressure between control and treated embryos at 24 hpf and 30 hpf showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Our method allowed for contractility and pressure evaluation at these early developmental stages, which have not been previously reported in published literature, regardless of sample or imaging modality. This research could lead to a better understanding of heart development and improved diagnostic tools for congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand G Vaish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, A.B. Bronwell Building, Room 217, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yuji Tomizawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, A.B. Bronwell Building, Room 217, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - David F Daggett
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Biology Physics Building (BPB) 104, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Unit 3125, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kazunori Hoshino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, A.B. Bronwell Building, Room 217, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cairelli AG, Gendernalik A, Chan WX, Nguyen P, Vermot J, Lee J, Bark D, Yap CH. Role of tissue biomechanics in the formation and function of myocardial trabeculae in zebrafish embryos. J Physiol 2024; 602:597-617. [PMID: 38345870 DOI: 10.1113/jp285490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac trabeculae are uneven ventricular muscular structures that develop during early embryonic heart development at the outer curvature of the ventricle. Their biomechanical function is not completely understood, and while their formation is known to be mechanosensitive, it is unclear whether ventricular tissue internal stresses play an important role in their formation. Here, we performed imaging and image-based cardiac biomechanics simulations on zebrafish embryonic ventricles to investigate these issues. Microscopy-based ventricular strain measurements show that the appearance of trabeculae coincided with enhanced deformability of the ventricular wall. Image-based biomechanical simulations reveal that the presence of trabeculae reduces ventricular tissue internal stresses, likely acting as structural support in response to the geometry of the ventricle. Passive ventricular pressure-loading experiments further reveal that the formation of trabeculae is associated with a spatial homogenization of ventricular tissue stiffnesses in healthy hearts, but gata1 morphants with a disrupted trabeculation process retain a spatial stiffness heterogeneity. Our findings thus suggest that modulating ventricular wall deformability, stresses, and stiffness are among the biomechanical functions of trabeculae. Further, experiments with gata1 morphants reveal that a reduction in fluid pressures and consequently ventricular tissue internal stresses can disrupt trabeculation, but a subsequent restoration of ventricular tissue internal stresses via vasopressin rescues trabeculation, demonstrating that tissue stresses are important to trabeculae formation. Overall, we find that tissue biomechanics is important to the formation and function of embryonic heart trabeculation. KEY POINTS: Trabeculations are fascinating and important cardiac structures and their abnormalities are linked to embryonic demise. However, their function in the heart and their mechanobiological formation processes are not completely understood. Our imaging and modelling show that tissue biomechanics is the key here. We find that trabeculations enhance cardiac wall deformability, reduce fluid pressure stresses, homogenize wall stiffness, and have alignments that are optimal for providing load-bearing structural support for the heart. We further discover that high ventricular tissue internal stresses consequent to high fluid pressures are needed for trabeculation formation through a rescue experiment, demonstrating that myocardial tissue stresses are as important as fluid flow wall shear stresses for trabeculation formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Gendernalik
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
| | - Julien Vermot
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
| | - David Bark
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gregorovicova M, Lashkarinia SS, Yap CH, Tomek V, Sedmera D. Hemodynamics During Development and Postnatal Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:201-226. [PMID: 38884713 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A well-developed heart is essential for embryonic survival. There are constant interactions between cardiac tissue motion and blood flow, which determine the heart shape itself. Hemodynamic forces are a powerful stimulus for cardiac growth and differentiation. Therefore, it is particularly interesting to investigate how the blood flows through the heart and how hemodynamics is linked to a particular species and its development, including human. The appropriate patterns and magnitude of hemodynamic stresses are necessary for the proper formation of cardiac structures, and hemodynamic perturbations have been found to cause malformations via identifiable mechanobiological molecular pathways. There are significant differences in cardiac hemodynamics among vertebrate species, which go hand in hand with the presence of specific anatomical structures. However, strong similarities during development suggest a common pattern for cardiac hemodynamics in human adults. In the human fetal heart, hemodynamic abnormalities during gestation are known to progress to congenital heart malformations by birth. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of the knowledge of the prenatal cardiac hemodynamics, as discovered through small and large animal models, as well as from clinical investigations, with parallels gathered from the poikilotherm vertebrates that emulate some hemodynamically significant human congenital heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gregorovicova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Viktor Tomek
- Pediatric Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sree Kumar H, Wisner AS, Refsnider JM, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Small fish, big discoveries: zebrafish shed light on microbial biomarkers for neuro-immune-cardiovascular health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1186645. [PMID: 37324381 PMCID: PMC10267477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1186645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model to study the gut microbiome in the context of human conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and immune dysfunction. Here, we highlight zebrafish as a tool to bridge the gap in knowledge in linking the gut microbiome and physiological homeostasis of cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems, both independently and as an integrated axis. Drawing on zebrafish studies to date, we discuss challenges in microbiota transplant techniques and gnotobiotic husbandry practices. We present advantages and current limitations in zebrafish microbiome research and discuss the use of zebrafish in identification of microbial enterotypes in health and disease. We also highlight the versatility of zebrafish studies to further explore the function of human conditions relevant to gut dysbiosis and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemaa Sree Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Alexander S. Wisner
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jeanine M. Refsnider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, OH, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teranikar T, Nguyen P, Lee J. Biomechanics of cardiac development in zebrafish model. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2023.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|