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Batool I, Imran M, Anwar A, Khan FA, Mohammed AE, Shami A, Iqbal H. Enzyme-triggered approach to reduce water bodies' contamination using peroxidase-immobilized ZnO/SnO 2/alginate nanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127900. [PMID: 37931863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on solid support offers advantages over free enzymes by overcoming characteristic limitations. To synthesize new stable and hyperactive nano-biocatalysts (co-precipitation method), ginger peroxidase (GP) was surface immobilized (adsorption) on ZnO/SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2/SA nanocomposite with immobilization efficacy of 94 % and 99 %, respectively. Thereafter, catalytic and biochemical characteristics of free and immobilized GP were investigated by deploying various techniques, i.e., FTIR, PXRD, SEM, and PL. Diffraction peaks emerged at 2θ values of 26°, 33°, 37°, 51°, 31°, 34°, 36°, 56°, indicating the formation of SnO2 and ZnO. The OH stretching of the H2O molecules was attributed to broad peaks between 3200 and 3500 cm-1, whereas ZnO/SnO2 spikes occurred in the 1626-1637 cm-1 range. SnO stretching mode and ZnO terminal vibrational patterns have been verified at corresponding wavelengths of 625 cm-1 and 560 cm-1. Enzyme entrapment onto substrate was verified via interactions between GP and ZnO/SnO2/SA as corroborated by signals beneath 1100 cm-1. GP-immobilized fractions were optimally active at pH 5, 50 °C, and retained maximum activity after storage of 4 weeks at -4 °C. Kinetic parameters were determined by using a Lineweaver-Burk plot and Vmax for free GP, ZnO/SnO2/GP and ZnO/SnO2/SA/GP with guaiacol as a substrate, were found to be 322.58, 49.01 and 11.45 (μM/min) respectively. A decrease in values of Vmax and KM indicates strong adsorption of peroxidase on support and maximum affinity between nano support and enzyme, respectively. For environmental remediation, free ginger peroxidase (GP), ZnO/SnO2/GP and ZnO/SnO2/SA/GP fractions effectively eradicated highly intricate dye. Multiple scavengers had a significant impact on the depletion of the dye. In conclusion, ZnO/SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2/SA nanostructures comprise an ecologically acceptable and intriguing carrier for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Iqbal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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Zdarta J, Kołodziejczak-Radzimska A, Bachosz K, Rybarczyk A, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Buszewski B, Jesionowski T. Nanostructured supports for multienzyme co-immobilization for biotechnological applications: Achievements, challenges and prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102889. [PMID: 37030261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of current biotechnological and nanotechnological research has turned to multienzyme co-immobilization as a promising concept to design biocatalysis engineering. It has also intensified the development and deployment of multipurpose biocatalysts, for instance, multienzyme co-immobilized constructs, via biocatalysis/protein engineering to scale-up and fulfil the ever-increasing industrial demands. Considering the characteristic features of both the loaded multienzymes and nanostructure carriers, i.e., selectivity, specificity, stability, resistivity, induce activity, reaction efficacy, multi-usability, high catalytic turnover, optimal yield, ease in recovery, and cost-effectiveness, multienzyme-based green biocatalysts have become a powerful norm in biocatalysis/protein engineering sectors. In this context, the current state-of-the-art in enzyme engineering with a synergistic combination of nanotechnology, at large, and nanomaterials, in particular, are significantly contributing and providing robust tools to engineer and/or tailor enzymes to fulfil the growing catalytic and contemporary industrial needs. Considering the above critics and unique structural, physicochemical, and functional attributes, herein, we spotlight important aspects spanning across prospective nano-carriers for multienzyme co-immobilization. Further, this work comprehensively discuss the current advances in deploying multienzyme-based cascade reactions in numerous sectors, including environmental remediation and protection, drug delivery systems (DDS), biofuel cells development and energy production, bio-electroanalytical devices (biosensors), therapeutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical oriented applications. In conclusion, the continuous developments in nano-assembling the multienzyme loaded co-immobilized nanostructure carriers would be a unique way that could act as a core of modern biotechnological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kołodziejczak-Radzimska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Bachosz
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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Misra N, Rawat S, Goel NK, Shelkar SA, Kumar A, Kumar V. Radiation facilitated-immobilized lipase ( RaFIL) mini biocatalytic reactor based on epoxy decorated PP tubes: Rapid colorimetric estimation of pesticide Chlorpyrifos. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2098143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjal Misra
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Swarnima Rawat
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Narender Kumar Goel
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Asheesh Kumar
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Radiation Technology Development Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Haeger G, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. A convenient ninhydrin assay in 96-well format for amino acid-releasing enzymes using an air-stable reagent. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114819. [PMID: 35839914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
An improved and convenient ninhydrin assay for aminoacylase activity measurements was developed using the commercial EZ Nin™ reagent. Alternative reagents from literature were also evaluated and compared. The addition of DMSO to the reagent enhanced the solubility of Ruhemann's purple (RP). Furthermore, we found that the use of a basic, aqueous buffer enhances stability of RP. An acidic protocol for the quantification of lysine was developed by addition of glacial acetic acid. The assay allows for parallel processing in a 96-well format with measurements microtiter plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Haeger
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Aggarwal S, Chakravarty A, Ikram S. A comprehensive review on incredible renewable carriers as promising platforms for enzyme immobilization & thereof strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:962-986. [PMID: 33186644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are the highly versatile bio-catalysts having the potential for being employed in biotechnological and industrial sectors to catalyze biosynthetic reactions over a commercial point of view. Immobilization of enzymes has improved catalytic properties, retention activities, thermal and storage stabilities as well as reusabilities of enzymes in synthetic environments that have enthralled significant attention over the past few years. Dreadful efforts have been emphasized on the renewable and synthetic supports/composite materials to reserve their inherent characteristics such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, accessibility of numerous reactive sites for profitable immobilization of biological molecules that often serve diverse applications in the pharmaceutical, environmental, and energy sectors. Supports should be endowed with unique physicochemical properties including high specific surface area, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, enantioselectivities, multivalent functionalization which professed them as competent carriers for enzyme immobilization. Organic, inorganic, and nano-based platforms are more potent, stable, highly recovered even after used for continuous catalytic processes, broadly renders the enzymes to get efficiently immobilized to develop an inherent bio-catalytic system that displays higher activities as compared to free-counter parts. This review highlights the recent advances or developments on renewable and synthetic matrices that are utilized for the immobilization of enzymes to deliver emerging applications around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Archana Chakravarty
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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