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Song G, Liu D, Ma J, Zhan Y, Ma F, Liu G. Cardiac Lymphatics and Therapeutic Prospects in Cardiovascular Disease: New Perspectives and Hopes. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00289. [PMID: 39150263 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is the same reticular fluid system as the circulatory system found throughout the body in vascularized tissues. Lymphatic vessels are low-pressure, blind-ended tubular structures that play a crucial role in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell transport, and lipid absorption. The heart also has an extensive lymphatic network, and as research on cardiac lymphatics has progressed in recent years, more and more studies have found that cardiac lymphangiogenesis may ameliorate certain cardiovascular diseases, and therefore stimulation of cardiac lymphangiogenesis may be an important tool in the future treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This article briefly reviews the development and function of cardiac lymphatic vessels, the interaction of cardiac lymphatic vessels with cardiovascular diseases (including atrial fibrillation, coronary atherosclerosis, and heart failure), and finally discusses the therapeutic potential of targeted cardiac lymphatic therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Song
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Da Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianwei Ma
- Gastrointestinal Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yinge Zhan
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lee SO, Kim IK. Molecular pathophysiology of secondary lymphedema. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1363811. [PMID: 39045461 PMCID: PMC11264244 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1363811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema occurs as a result of lymphatic vessel damage or obstruction, leading to the lymphatic fluid stasis, which triggers inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and adipose tissue deposition with adipocyte hypertrophy. The treatment of lymphedema is divided into conservative and surgical approaches. Among surgical treatments, methods like lymphaticovenular anastomosis and vascularized lymph node transfer are gaining attention as they focus on restoring lymphatic flow, constituting a physiologic treatment approach. Lymphatic endothelial cells form the structure of lymphatic vessels. These cells possess button-like junctions that facilitate the influx of fluid and leukocytes. Approximately 10% of interstitial fluid is connected to venous return through lymphatic capillaries. Damage to lymphatic vessels leads to lymphatic fluid stasis, resulting in the clinical condition of lymphedema through three mechanisms: Inflammation involving CD4+ T cells as the principal contributing factor, along with the effects of immune cells on the VEGF-C/VEGFR axis, consequently resulting in abnormal lymphangiogenesis; adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue deposition regulated by the interaction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; and tissue fibrosis initiated by the overactivity of Th2 cells, leading to the secretion of profibrotic cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and the growth factor TGF-β1. Surgical treatments aimed at reconstructing the lymphatic system help facilitate lymphatic fluid drainage, but their effectiveness in treating already damaged lymphatic vessels is limited. Therefore, reviewing the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of lymphedema is crucial to complement surgical treatments and explore novel therapeutic approaches.
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Simeroth S, Yu P. The role of lymphatic endothelial cell metabolism in lymphangiogenesis and disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1392816. [PMID: 38798921 PMCID: PMC11119333 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1392816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line lymphatic vessels, which play an important role in the transport of lymph fluid throughout the human body. An organized lymphatic network develops via a process termed "lymphangiogenesis." During development, LECs respond to growth factor signaling to initiate the formation of a primary lymphatic vascular network. These LECs display a unique metabolic profile, preferring to undergo glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. In addition to their reliance on glycolysis, LECs utilize other metabolic pathways such as fatty acid β-oxidation, ketone body oxidation, mitochondrial respiration, and lipid droplet autophagy to support lymphangiogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of metabolic regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, it highlights how LEC metabolism is implicated in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Simeroth
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Pengchun Yu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Xu Z, Lu Q, Chen L, Ruan C, Bai Y, Zou Y, Ge J. Role of Lymphangiogenesis in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:37-46. [PMID: 38028969 PMCID: PMC10655763 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of the structure and function of cardiac lymphatics in cardiovascular diseases and the therapeutic potential of cardiac lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, we explore the innate lymphangiogenic response to damaged cardiac tissue or cardiac injury, derive key findings from regenerative models demonstrating how robust lymphangiogenic responses can be supported to improve cardiac function, and introduce an approach to imaging the structure and function of cardiac lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Xu
- Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Shanghai East Hospital Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chengchao Ruan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingnan Bai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Mishima T, Hosono K, Tanabe M, Ito Y, Majima M, Narumiya S, Miyaji K, Amano H. Thromboxane prostanoid signaling in macrophages attenuates lymphedema and facilitates lymphangiogenesis in mice : TP signaling and lymphangiogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7981-7993. [PMID: 37540456 PMCID: PMC10520203 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2, an arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite, enhances lymphangiogenesis in response to inflammation. However, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), another AA metabolite, is not well known. Thus, this study aimed to determine the role of thromboxane prostanoid (TP) signaling in lymphangiogenesis in secondary lymphedema. METHODS AND RESULTS Lymphedema was induced by the ablation of lymphatic vessels in mouse tails. Compared with wild-type mice, tail lymphedema in Tp-deficient mice was enhanced, which was associated with suppressed lymphangiogenesis as indicated by decreased lymphatic vessel area and pro-lymphangiogenesis-stimulating factors. Numerous macrophages were found in the tail tissues of Tp-deficient mice. Furthermore, the deletion of TP in macrophages increased tail edema and decreased lymphangiogenesis and pro-lymphangiogenic cytokines, which was accompanied by increased numbers of macrophages and gene expression related to a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype in tail tissues. In vivo microscopic studies revealed fluorescent dye leakage in the lymphatic vessels in the wounded tissues. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that TP signaling in macrophages promotes lymphangiogenesis and prevents tail lymphedema. TP signaling may be a therapeutic target for improving lymphedema-related symptoms by enhancing lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Mishima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kanako Hosono
- Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Mina Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Medical Therapeutics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kagami Miyaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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Berthon JY, Cabannes M, Bouton C, Carre M, Bridon E, Filaire E. In vitro, ex vivo and clinical approaches to evaluate the potential effect of Gentiana lutea extract on skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:688-698. [PMID: 37365865 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dark circles affect subjects of all ages and in all skin types. They can be treated by various methods, particular by topical solutions. This investigation was directed towards exploring the effect of gentiopicroside (GP) on the skin around the eyes. For this, an extract of Gentiana lutea (GIE) containing GP (65% by dry matter) was evaluated on oxidant and angiogenesis parameters using in vitro and ex-vivo studies. A clinical experimentation was also realized. METHODS The effect of GIE at different concentrations on antioxidant gene was evaluated in vitro by RT-qPCR after treatment of NHDF. The effect of 2.93 μg mL-1 GIE on the release of VEGF-A and VEGF-C by NHDF was also studied. The effect of 87.9 μg mL-1 GIE was also evaluated on pseudotube formation in a coculture system of normal dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d)-NHDF stimulated or not with VEGF as pro-angiogenic factor. Prior to these assays, preliminary cytotoxicity assays were performed using a standard WST-8 reduction assay. The expressions of carboxymethyl-lysine and glyoxalase-1 were quantified on skin explants topically treated with 147 μg mL-1 GIE in basal and UVA-irradiated conditions. A clinical study was conducted in 22 subjects using topical twice daily for 14 days on eye area (split-face application: cream containing 147 μg mL-1 GIE versus placebo). 3D image acquisition and skin colour measurement were performed at D0 and D14. RESULTS Treatment of GIE upregulated the gene expression of NFE2L2 and downregulated the expression of CXCL8. GIE targeted AGEs pathways and reduced the formation of pseudotubes. A total of 147 μg mL-1 GIE gel cream significantly reduced significantly the average roughness and relief of the upper eyelid skin as well as the redness of dark circles after 14 days of application. CONCLUSION By acting on the pathway of AGEs, VEGF-A and VEFG-C, GIE seems to allow a rejuvenation of the skin resulting, among others, in a decrease in redness. It now would be interesting to evaluate the efficacy of GIE on skin around eyes microbiota, antibacterial gentiopicroside property being well-established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Edith Filaire
- UMR 1019 INRAE-University Clermont-Auvergne, UNH (Human Nutrition Unity), ECREIN Team, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Groupe ICARE. Biopôle. Rue Emile Duclaux, Saint Beauzire, France
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Juneja P, Ruhina Rahman SN, Jakhar D, Mourya AK, Tripathi DM, Kaur I, Tiwari V, Rohilla S, Gupta A, Rawal P, Baweja S, Rastogi A, Naidu V, Sarin SK, Banerjee S, Kaur S. Recombinant VEGF-C (Cys156Ser) improves mesenteric lymphatic drainage and gut immune surveillance in experimental cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100816. [PMID: 37663117 PMCID: PMC10472308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Lymphatic vessels (LVs) are crucial for maintaining abdominal fluid homoeostasis and immunity. In cirrhosis, mesenteric LVs (mLVs) are dilated and dysfunctional. Given the established role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in improving LVs, we hypothesised that VEGF-C treatment could ameliorate the functions of mLVs in cirrhosis. Methods In this study, we developed a nanoformulation comprising LV-specific growth factor, recombinant human VEGF-C (Cys156Ser) protein (E-VEGF-C) and delivered it orally in different models of rat cirrhosis to target mLVs. Cirrhotic rats were given nanoformulation without VEGF-C served as vehicles. Drainage of mLVs was analysed using tracer dye. Portal and systemic physiological assessments and computed tomography were performed to measure portal pressures and ascites. Gene expression and permeability of primary mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LyECs) was studied. Immune cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were quantified by flow cytometry. Endogenous and exogenous gut bacterial translocation to MLNs was examined. Results In cirrhotic rats, mLVs were dilated and leaky with impaired drainage. Treatment with E-VEGF-C induced proliferation of mLVs, reduced their diameter, and improved functional drainage. Ascites and portal pressures were significantly reduced in E-VEGF-C rats compared with vehicle rats. In MLNs of E-VEGF-C animals, CD8+CD134+ T cells were increased, whereas CD25+ regulatory T cells were decreased. Both endogenous and exogenous bacterial translocation were limited to MLNs in E-VEGF-C rats with reduced levels of endotoxins in ascites and blood in comparison with those in vehicle rats. E-VEGF-C treatment upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial-cadherin in LyECs and functionally improved the permeability of these cells. Conclusions E-VEGF-C treatment ameliorates mesenteric lymph drainage and portal pressure and strengthens cytotoxic T-cell immunity in MLNs in experimental cirrhosis. It may thus serve as a promising therapy to manage ascites and reduce pathogenic gut bacterial translocation in cirrhosis. Impact and Implications A human recombinant pro-lymphangiogenic growth factor, VEGF-C, was encapsulated in nanolipocarriers (E-VEGF-C) and orally delivered in different models of rat liver cirrhosis to facilitate its gut lymphatic vessel uptake. E-VEGF-C administration significantly increased mesenteric lymphatic vessel proliferation and improved lymph drainage, attenuating abdominal ascites and portal pressures in the animal models. E-VEGF-C treatment limited bacterial translocation to MLNs only with reduced gut bacterial load and ascitic endotoxins. E-VEGF-C therapy thus holds the potential to manage ascites and portal pressure and reduce gut bacterial translocation in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Juneja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Nazrin Ruhina Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Deepika Jakhar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Kumar Mourya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh M. Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Impreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumati Rohilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Preety Rawal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukriti Baweja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V.G.M. Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subham Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yang Y, Wang X, Wang P. Signaling mechanisms underlying lymphatic vessel dysfunction in skin aging and possible anti-aging strategies. Biogerontology 2023; 24:727-740. [PMID: 36680698 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related skin diseases are gradually increasing due to the imbalance of cutaneous homeostasis in the aging population. Skin aging-induced inflammation promotes systemic inflammation and may lead to whole-body aging. Lymphatic vessels play an important role in maintaining fluid and homeostasis balance. In intrinsically aged skin, the number of lymphatic vessels decrease and their functions decline, which is related to the reduced adhesion junctions between lymphatic endothelial cells, particularly VE-cadherin. VEGFC/VEGFR-3 signal pathway plays an important role in remodeling and expansion of lymphatic vessels; the downregulation of this pathway contributes to the dysfunction of lymphatic vessels. Meanwhile, we proposed some additional mechanisms. Decline of the pumping activity of lymphatic vessels might be related to age-related changes in extracellular matrix, ROS increase, and eNOS/iNOS disturbances. In extrinsically aged skin, the hyperpermeability of lymphatic vessels results from a decrease in endothelial-specific tight junction molecules, upregulation of VEGF-A, and downregulation of the VEGFC/VEGFR-3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, some of the Phyto therapeutics could attenuate skin aging by modulating the lymphatic vessels. This review summarized the lymphatic vessel dysfunction in skin aging and anti-aging strategies based on lymphatic vessel modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Viúdez-Pareja C, Kreft E, García-Caballero M. Immunomodulatory properties of the lymphatic endothelium in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235812. [PMID: 37744339 PMCID: PMC10512957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate complex and dynamic structure composed of various cell types, including tumor, stromal and immune cells. Within this complex network, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) play a crucial role in regulating immune responses and influencing tumor progression and metastatic dissemination to lymph node and distant organs. Interestingly, LECs possess unique immunomodulatory properties that can either promote or inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. In fact, tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis can facilitate tumor cell dissemination and metastasis supporting immunoevasion, but also, different molecular mechanisms involved in LEC-mediated anti-tumor immunity have been already described. In this context, the crosstalk between cancer cells, LECs and immune cells and how this communication can shape the immune landscape in the TME is gaining increased interest in recent years. In this review, we present a comprehensive and updated report about the immunomodulatory properties of the lymphatic endothelium within the TME, with special focus on primary tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, we outline emerging research investigating the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the lymphatic endothelium to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the intricate mechanisms involved in LEC-mediated immune modulation in the TME opens up new possibilities for the development of innovative approaches to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Viúdez-Pareja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ewa Kreft
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Su B, Ng LG. Immunological modulation in health and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:981-982. [PMID: 37626213 PMCID: PMC10468483 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Gastroenterology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Ruijin Hospital, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Renji Hospital, 200127, Shanghai, China
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11
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Huang CL, Achudhan D, Liu PI, Lin YY, Liu SC, Guo JH, Liu CL, Wu CY, Wang SW, Tang CH. Visfatin upregulates VEGF-C expression and lymphangiogenesis in esophageal cancer by activating MEK1/2-ERK and NF-κB signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204762. [PMID: 37286356 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a recognized prognostic factor in esophageal cancer. Adipokines, including visfatin, and the molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, are implicated in lymphangiogenesis, but whether any association exists between esophageal cancer, adipokines and VEGF-C is unknown. We examined the relevance of adipokines and VEGF-C in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. We found significantly higher levels of visfatin and VEGF-C expression in esophageal cancer tissue than in normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining identified that higher levels of visfatin and VEGF-C expression were correlated with advanced stage ESCC. Visfatin treatment of ESCC cell lines upregulated VEGF-C expression and VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic endothelial cells. Visfatin induced increases in VEGF-C expression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK1/2-ERK) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling cascades. Transfecting ESCC cells with MEK1/2-ERK and NF-κB inhibitors (PD98059, FR180204, PDTC, and TPCK) and siRNAs inhibited visfatin-induced increases in VEGF-C expression. It appears that visfatin and VEGF-C are promising therapeutic targets in the inhibition of lymphangiogenesis in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - David Achudhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po-I Liu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hung Guo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan
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12
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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13
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Chen SM, Zhao CK, Yao LC, Wang LX, Ma YN, Meng L, Cai SQ, Liu CY, Qu LK, Jia YX, Shou CC. Aiphanol, a multi-targeting stilbenolignan, potently suppresses mouse lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:189-200. [PMID: 35778489 PMCID: PMC9813257 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of lymphatic metastasis is closely related to poor prognosis and mortality in cancers. Potent inhibitors to prevent pathological lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic spread are urgently needed. The VEGF-C-VEGFR3 pathway plays a vital role in driving lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis. In addition, COX2 in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates lymphangiogenesis. We recently reported that aiphanol, a natural stilbenolignan, attenuates tumor angiogenesis by repressing VEGFR2 and COX2. In this study, we evaluated the antilymphangiogenic and antimetastatic potency of aiphanol using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo systems. We first demonstrated that aiphanol directly bound to VEGFR3 and blocked its kinase activity with an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.29 μM in an in vitro ADP-GloTM kinase assay. Furthermore, we showed that aiphanol (7.5-30 μM) dose-dependently counteracted VEGF-C-induced proliferation, migration and tubular formation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which was further verified in vivo. VEGFR3 knockdown markedly mitigated the inhibitory potency of aiphanol on lymphangiogenesis. In 4T1-luc breast tumor-bearing mice, oral administration of aiphanol (5 and 30 mg· kg-1 ·d-1) dose-dependently decreased lymphatic metastasis and prolonged survival time, which was associated with impaired lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and, interestingly, macrophage infiltration. In addition, we found that aiphanol decreased the COX2-dependent secretion of PGE2 and VEGF-C from tumor cells and macrophages. These results demonstrate that aiphanol is an appealing agent for preventing lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic dissemination by synergistically targeting VEGFR3 and inhibiting the COX2-PGE2-VEGF-C signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chuan-Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Li-Cheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yu-Nan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Laboratory Animal, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cai-Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Li-Ke Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Yan-Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Cheng-Chao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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14
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Abstract
Background Despite great advances in surgical techniques for rotator cuff tear (RCT) over the past decades, the postoperative failure rate of RCT is still high due to the poor healing competence of bone-tendon interface (BTI). The lymphatic vasculature plays a regulatory role in inflammatory disease and affects tissue healing. However, whether lymphangiogenesis and the role of lymphatic vasculature in the physiopathological process of rotator cuff (RC)injury remains unknown. Methods In this study, we constructed a mouse RC injury model and the BTI samples were collected for measurement. Firstly, immunofluorescence was used to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of lymphangiogenesis in BTI area at different post-injury time points. Subsequently, the mice of experimental group were gavaged with the lymphatic inhibitors (SAR131675) on the first postoperative day to inhibit lymphangiogenesis, while the control group was treated with the vehicle. At postoperative week 2 and 4, the samples were collected for immunofluorescence staining to evaluate lymphatic angiogenesis inhibition. At postoperative week 4 and 8, The supraspinatus (SS) tendon-humeral complexes were collected for bone morphometric, histological and biomechanical tests to assess the healing outcome of the BTI. Results Immunofluorescence results showed that the lymphatic proliferation in the BTI injury area and increased in consistence with the healing time, and the lymphatic hyperplasia area significantly diminished at postoperative week 4. The lymphatic hyperplasia area in the SAR group was significantly lower than that in the control group both at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Moreover, the administration of SAR131675 significantly impeded RC healing, as evidenced by lower histological scores, lower bone morphometric parameters, and worse biomechanical properties in comparison with that in control group at postoperative weeks 4 and 8. Conclusion Lymphangiogenesis plays a positive role in RC healing, and targeting the lymphatic drainage at healing site may be a new therapeutic approach to promote RC injury repair. The translational potential of this article This is the first study to assess the specific role of lymphatic vessels in RC healing, and improving lymphatic drainage may be a potential new therapeutic approach to facilitate repair of BTI. Further, our study provides a reference for possible future treatment of BTI by intervening the lymphatic system.
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Sun T, Wang F, He Y, Mao B, Han M, Liu H, Zhao P, Li X, Wang D. Enlarged Pericarotid Lymph Nodes Suggest Recent Ischemic Symptoms in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900642. [PMID: 35903093 PMCID: PMC9315152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease closely associated with immunological activity. Lymph nodes (LNs) are essential secondary lymphoid organs, in which complex immune responses occur. Enlarged LNs are commonly observed around inflamed tissues or tumors; however, their role in atherosclerosis is not well understood. We hypothesized that enlarged pericarotid LNs would be present in symptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Therefore, we recorded the size of LNs around the carotid artery during surgery in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. Patients were stratified by enlarged LNs, defined as a diameter ≥ 10mm in the transverse diameters. Demographic and clinical data of participants were measured and analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Sirius red, DAB-enhanced Perls’ Prussian blue, alizarin red, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were performed for composition identification of plaques or LNs. Symptomatic patients were defined as those presenting with an ipsilateral cerebral ischemic event. Compared with patients with non-enlarged LNs, patients with enlarged LNs were more likely to be symptomatic (22/32, 68.8% versus 9/40, 22.5%, P < 0.001) and use calcium channel blocker drugs (17/32, 53.1% versus 10/40, 25%, P=0.014). In addition, they showed lower body mass index (mean ± SD: 24.00 ± 2.66 versus 25.34 ± 2.56 kg/m2, P=0.034), lower weight (median [interquartile range]: 64 [60.00-76.00] versus 72.5 [65.00-77.50] Kg, P = 0.046) and higher diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD: 78.94 ± 9.30 versus 73.93 ± 8.84 mmHg, P = 0.022). The plague from patients with enlarged LNs exhibited a lower relative percentage of fibrous tissue (29.49 ± 10.73% versus 34.62 ± 10.33%, P = 0.041). The enlarged LNs remained oval-shaped by visual inspection. Compared to non-enlarged LNs, the predominant changes in enlarged LNs were atrophic lymphatic sinuses and dilated LNs parenchyma. Enlarged LNs contained more germinal centers and lymphocytes. In conclusion, symptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerosis have enlarged pericarotid LNs. The current study supports the conclusion that enlarged LNs with an activated and enhanced adaptive immune response may indicate plaque instability. Pericarotid LNs will be a promising marker of plaque stability and may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengtao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xingang Li, ; Donghai Wang,
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xingang Li, ; Donghai Wang,
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Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery System Targeting Lymph Nodes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071372. [PMID: 35890268 PMCID: PMC9325242 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an indispensable role in humoral balance, lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. The lymph nodes (LNs) are known as the primary sites of tumor metastasis and the metastatic LNs largely affected the prognosis of the patiens. A well-designed lymphatic-targeted system favors disease treatment as well as vaccination efficacy. In recent years, development of nanotechnologies and emerging biomaterials have gained increasing attention in developing lymph-node-targeted drug-delivery systems. By mimicking the endogenous macromolecules or lipid conjugates, lymph-node-targeted nanocarries hold potential for disease diagnosis and tumor therapy. This review gives an introduction to the physiological functions of LNs and the roles of LNs in diseases, followed by a review of typical lymph-node-targeted nanomaterial-based drug-delivery systems (e.g., liposomes, micelles, inorganic nanomaterials, hydrogel, and nanocapsules). Future perspectives and conclusions concerned with lymph-node-targeted drug-delivery systems are also provided.
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Herrada AA, Olate-Briones A, Lazo-Amador R, Liu C, Hernández-Rojas B, Riadi G, Escobedo N. Lymph Leakage Promotes Immunosuppression by Enhancing Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841641. [PMID: 35663931 PMCID: PMC9160822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vasculature is a network of capillaries and vessels capable of draining extracellular fluid back to blood circulation and to facilitate immune cell migration. Although the role of the lymphatic vasculature as coordinator of fluid homeostasis has been extensively studied, the consequences of abnormal lymphatic vasculature function and impaired lymph drainage have been mostly unexplored. Here, by using the Prox1+/- mice with defective lymphatic vasculature and lymphatic leakage, we provide evidence showing that lymph leakage induces an immunosuppressive environment by promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in different inflammatory conditions. In fact, by using a mouse model of tail lymphedema where lymphatic vessels are thermal ablated leading to lymph accumulation, an increasing number of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages are found in the lymphedematous tissue. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis from different human tumors shows that reduced lymphatic signature, a hallmark of lymphatic dysfunction, is associated with increased M2 and reduced M1 macrophage signatures, impacting the survival of the patients. In summary, we show that lymphatic vascular leakage promotes an immunosuppressive environment by enhancing anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation, with relevance in clinical conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A. Herrada
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Alexandra Olate-Briones
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Lazo-Amador
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bairon Hernández-Rojas
- Ph.D Program in Sciences Mention in Modeling of Chemical and Biological Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) – Millennium Science Initiative Program Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling, CBSM, Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Noelia Escobedo
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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18
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Yoon SY, Detmar M. Sostdc1 Secreted from Cutaneous Lymphatic Vessels Acts as a Paracrine Factor for Hair Follicle Growth. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2167-2174. [PMID: 35678675 PMCID: PMC9164032 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that lymphatic vessels stimulate hair follicle growth through paracrine effects on dermal papilla cells. However, the paracrine factors secreted from cutaneous lymphatic vessels that can activate dermal papilla cells are still unknown. In this study, we investigated whether lymphatic endothelial cells might secrete paracrine factors that activate dermal papilla cells in vitro. We found that Sostdc1 was more expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells compared with blood vascular endothelial cells. In addition, Sostdc1 expression levels were significantly increased during the anagen phase in the back skin of C57BL/6J mice, as compared to the telogen phase. We also observed that incubation of dermal papilla cells with 200 ng/mL Sostdc1 for 72 h induced the expression levels of Lef-1, a downstream target of Wnt signaling. Taken together, our results reveal that Sostdc1, a BMP antagonist, secreted from cutaneous lymphatic vessels, may act as a paracrine factor for hair follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Xia Q, Dong H, Guo Y, Fang K, Hu M, Xu L, Lu F, Gong J. The role of lacteal integrity and junction transformation in obesity: A promising therapeutic target? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1007856. [PMID: 36506056 PMCID: PMC9729342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1007856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacteals are the central lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine and perform nutrient absorption, especially dietary lipids, and the transportation of antigen and antigen-presenting cells. Remodeling, proliferation, and cell-cell junctions of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in lacteals are the basis of the maintenance of lacteal integrity and dietary lipid absorption. Normal lipid absorption in the diet depends on sound lacteal development and proliferation, especially integrity maintenance, namely, maintaining the appropriate proportion of button-like and zipper-like junctions. Maintaining the integrity and transforming button-to-zipper junctions in lacteals are strongly connected with obesity, which could be regulated by intestinal flora and molecular signalings, such as vascular endothelial growth factor C-vascular endothelial growth receptor 3 (VEGFC-VEGFR3) signaling, Hippo signaling, Notch signaling, angiopoietin-TIE signaling, VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling, and PROX1. This manuscript reviews the molecular mechanism of development, integrity maintenance, and junction transformation in lacteal related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Xia
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Gong, ; Fuer Lu,
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Gong, ; Fuer Lu,
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20
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Ji RC. The role of lymphangiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases and heart transplantation. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1837-1856. [PMID: 34735673 PMCID: PMC9388451 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac lymphangiogenesis plays an important physiological role in the regulation of interstitial fluid homeostasis, inflammatory, and immune responses. Impaired or excessive cardiac lymphatic remodeling and insufficient lymph drainage have been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of functional lymphatics are not fully understood, the interplay between lymphangiogenesis and immune regulation has recently been explored in relation to the initiation and development of these diseases. In this field, experimental therapeutic strategies targeting lymphangiogenesis have shown promise by reducing myocardial inflammation, edema and fibrosis, and improving cardiac function. On the other hand, however, whether lymphangiogenesis is beneficial or detrimental to cardiac transplant survival remains controversial. In the light of recent evidence, cardiac lymphangiogenesis, a thriving and challenging field has been summarized and discussed, which may improve our knowledge in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and transplant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Cheng Ji
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita, 870-1192, Japan.
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21
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Anis N, Assaf M, Diab N, Soliman A, Salah E. Morphometric study of lymphangiogenesis in different lesions of psoriasis vulgaris with correlation to disease activity. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3110-3116. [PMID: 34716748 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the last decades, attention to the role of lymphangiogenesis in psoriasis has been paid. Our study was conducted to evaluate podoplanin-stained lymphatic vessels and the level of lymphangiogenesis in papular psoriatic lesions and psoriatic plaques and ascertain if podoplanin provides any additional prognostic information. MATERIALS AND METHODS Number of lymphatic vessels and total lymphatic vessel area were morphometrically analyzed in podoplanin-stained sections, using anti-D2-40, together with the immunohistochemical study of epidermal Ki-67 in psoriasis vulgaris (n = 20) (papules = 7 and plaques = 13) and control skin specimens (n = 20). RESULTS The number of lymphatic vessels and total lymphatic vessel area were higher in psoriasis cases compared with normal skin (p = 0.01, p = 0.01 respectively). In psoriatic plaques, the number of lymphatic vessels, total lymphatic vessel area, and epidermal Ki-67 immunoreactivity were higher than in papular lesions (p = 0.002, p = 0.008, and p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis vulgaris is found to be a lymphangiogenesis-dependent disease, and the lymphatic vascular network is in remodeling and expanding process. Podoplanin may be implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used as a prognostic biomarker for disease severity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Anis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Magda Assaf
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Diab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Pathology Department- Medical Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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22
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Biologically active lipids in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108011. [PMID: 34614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have crucial roles in the regulation of interstitial fluids, immune surveillance, and the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. Lymphatic function is also closely related to the pathogenesis of various disease states such as inflammation, lymphedema, endometriosis, liver dysfunction, and tumor metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, is a critical determinant in the above conditions. Although the effect of growth factors on lymphangiogenesis is well-characterized, and biologically active lipids are known to affect smooth muscle contractility and vasoaction, there is accumulating evidence that biologically active lipids are also important inducers of growth factors and cytokines that regulate lymphangiogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of biologically active lipids, including arachidonic acid metabolites, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid, as regulators of lymphangiogenesis, and the emerging importance of the lymphangiogenesis as a therapeutic target.
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Fujimoto N, Dieterich LC. Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Tumor Lymphatic Invasion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102585. [PMID: 34685565 PMCID: PMC8533989 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels play an important role in tumor progression, mediating lymphatic dissemination of malignant cells to tumor-draining lymph nodes and regulating tumor immunity. An early, necessary step in the lymphatic metastasis cascade is the invasion of lymphatic vessels by tumor cell clusters or single tumor cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, which include tumor-specific as well as normal, developmental and immunological processes “hijacked” by tumor cells to gain access to the lymphatic system. Furthermore, we summarize the prognostic value of lymphatic invasion, discuss its relationship with local recurrence, lymph node and distant metastasis, and highlight potential therapeutic options and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan;
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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24
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Russell PS, Hong J, Trevaskis NL, Windsor JA, Martin ND, Phillips ARJ. Lymphatic Contractile Function: A Comprehensive Review of Drug Effects and Potential Clinical Application. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2437-2457. [PMID: 34415332 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system work together to maintain body fluid homeostasis. Despite that, the lymphatic system has been relatively neglected as a potential drug target and a source of adverse effects from cardiovascular drugs. Like the heart, the lymphatic vessels undergo phasic contractions to promote lymph flow against a pressure gradient. Dysfunction or failure of the lymphatic pump results in fluid imbalance and tissue oedema. While this can due to drug effects, it is also a feature of breast cancer-associated lymphoedema, chronic venous insufficiency, congestive heart failure and acute systemic inflammation. There are currently no specific drug treatments for lymphatic pump dysfunction in clinical use despite the wealth of data from pre-clinical studies. AIM To identify (1) drugs with direct effects on lymphatic tonic and phasic contractions with potential for clinical application, and (2) drugs in current clinical use that have a positive or negative side effect on lymphatic function. METHODS We comprehensively reviewed all studies that tested the direct effect of a drug on the contractile function of lymphatic vessels. RESULTS Of the 208 drugs identified from 193 studies, about a quarter had only stimulatory effects on lymphatic tone, contraction frequency and/or contraction amplitude. Of FDA-approved drugs, there were 14 that increased lymphatic phasic contractile function. The most frequently used class of drug with inhibitory effects on lymphatic pump function were the calcium channels blockers. CONCLUSION This review highlights the opportunity for specific drug treatments of lymphatic dysfunction in various disease states and for avoiding adverse drug effects on lymphatic contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Russell
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels D Martin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony R J Phillips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature plays important role in regulating fluid homeostasis, intestinal lipid absorption, and immune surveillance in humans. Malfunction of lymphatic vasculature leads to several human diseases. Understanding the fundamental mechanism in lymphatic vascular development not only expand our knowledge, but also provide a new therapeutic insight. Recently, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, a key mechanism of organ size and tissue homeostasis, has emerged as a critical player that regulate lymphatic specification, sprouting, and maturation. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic regulation and pathophysiological significant of Hippo pathway in lymphatic vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boksik Cha
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Sungjin Moon
- Department of Biological Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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26
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Ocansey DKW, Pei B, Xu X, Zhang L, Olovo CV, Mao F. Cellular and molecular mediators of lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:254. [PMID: 34112196 PMCID: PMC8190852 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies reporting the intricate crosstalk between cellular and molecular mediators and the lymphatic endothelium in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) suggest altered inflammatory cell drainage and lymphatic vasculature, implicating the lymphatic system as a player in the occurrence, development, and recurrence of intestinal diseases. This article aims to review recent data on the modulatory functions of cellular and molecular components of the IBD microenvironment on the lymphatic system, particularly lymphangiogenesis. It serves as a promising therapeutic target for IBD management and treatment. The interaction with gut microbiota is also explored. Main text Evidence shows that cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and certain non-immune cells participate in the complex processes of inflammatory-induced lymphangiogenesis through the secretion of a wide spectrum of molecular factors, which vary greatly among the various cells. Lymphangiogenesis enhances lymphatic fluid drainage, hence reduced infiltration of immunomodulatory cells and associated-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, some of the cellular mediators, including mast cells, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), are a source of lymphangiogenic molecules, and a target as they express specific receptors for lymphangiogenic factors. Conclusion The effective target of lymphangiogenesis is expected to provide novel therapeutic interventions for intestinal inflammatory conditions, including IBD, through both immune and non-immune cells and based on cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis that facilitate inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Yeo KP, Lim HY, Angeli V. Leukocyte Trafficking via Lymphatic Vessels in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061344. [PMID: 34072313 PMCID: PMC8229118 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, lymphatic vessels have received increasing attention and our understanding of their development and functional roles in health and diseases has greatly improved. It has become clear that lymphatic vessels are critically involved in acute and chronic inflammation and its resolution by supporting the transport of immune cells, fluid, and macromolecules. As we will discuss in this review, the involvement of lymphatic vessels has been uncovered in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of medium- and large-sized arteries causing deadly cardiovascular complications worldwide. The progression of atherosclerosis is associated with morphological and functional alterations in lymphatic vessels draining the diseased artery. These defects in the lymphatic vasculature impact the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis by affecting immune cell trafficking, lymphoid neogenesis, and clearance of macromolecules in the arterial wall. Based on these new findings, we propose that targeting lymphatic function could be considered in conjunction with existing drugs as a treatment option for atherosclerosis.
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28
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Ducoli L, Agrawal S, Sibler E, Kouno T, Tacconi C, Hon CC, Berger SD, Müllhaupt D, He Y, Kim J, D'Addio M, Dieterich LC, Carninci P, de Hoon MJL, Shin JW, Detmar M. LETR1 is a lymphatic endothelial-specific lncRNA governing cell proliferation and migration through KLF4 and SEMA3C. Nat Commun 2021; 12:925. [PMID: 33568674 PMCID: PMC7876020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. Subsequent antisense oligonucleotide-knockdown transcriptomic profiling of two LEC- and two BEC-specific lncRNAs identifies LETR1 as a critical gatekeeper of the global LEC transcriptome. Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C, governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. Together, our study provides several lines of evidence supporting the intriguing concept that every cell type expresses precise lncRNA signatures to control lineage-specific regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eliane Sibler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsukasa Kouno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chung-Chao Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Simone D Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Müllhaupt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jihye Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco D'Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiel J L de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Vettori A, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Herbst KL, Cestari M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Samaja M, Bertelli M. Genetic Determinants of the Effects of Training on Muscle and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Obesity Associated with Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 19:322-333. [PMID: 33373545 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that metabolic changes associated with training are influenced by a person's genetic background. In this review, we explore the polymorphisms underlying interindividual variability in response to training of weight loss and muscle mass increase in obese individuals, with or without lymphedema, and in normal-weight subjects. We searched PubMed for articles in English published up to May 2019 using the following keywords: (((physical training[Title/Abstract] OR sport activity[Title/Abstract]) AND predisposition[Title/Abstract]) AND polymorphism [Title/Abstract]). We identified 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that may modulate the genetic adaptive response to training. The identification of genetic marker(s) that improve the beneficial effects of training may in perspective make it possible to assess training programs, which in combination with dietary intervention can optimize body weight reduction in obese subjects, with or without lymphedema. This is particularly important for patients with lymphedema because obesity can worsen the clinical status, and therefore, a personalized approach that could reduce obesity would be fundamental in the clinical management of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Karen L Herbst
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, Terni, Italy.,Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, Terni, Italy
| | - Sandro Michelini
- Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sant'Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan-San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S Lab, Rovereto, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy.,EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto, Italy
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30
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Md Yusof K, Rosli R, Abdullah M, Avery-Kiejda KA. The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Tumor-Associated Lymphangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113290. [PMID: 33172072 PMCID: PMC7694641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The lymphatic system plays key roles in the bodies’ defence against disease, including cancer. The expansion of this system is termed lymphangiogenesis and it is orchestrated by factors and conditions within the microenvironment. One approach to prevent cancer progression is by interfering with these microenvironment factors that promote this process and that facilitate the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. One of these factors are non-coding RNAs. This review will summarize recent findings of the distinct roles played by non-coding RNAs in the lymphatic system within normal tissues and tumours. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this process can provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention for inhibiting the spread of cancer. Abstract Lymphatic vessels are regarded as the ”forgotten” circulation. Despite this, growing evidence has shown significant roles for the lymphatic circulation in normal and pathological conditions in humans, including cancers. The dissemination of tumor cells to other organs is often mediated by lymphatic vessels that serve as a conduit and is often referred to as tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. Some of the most well-studied lymphangiogenic factors that govern tumor lymphangiogenesis are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-2/3), neuroplilin-2 (NRP2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to name a few. However, recent findings have illustrated that non-coding RNAs are significantly involved in regulating gene expression in most biological processes, including lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of growth factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the lymphatic development in normal and cancer physiology. Then, we discuss the lymphangiogenic factors that necessitate tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, with regards to ncRNAs in various types of cancer. Understanding the different roles of ncRNAs in regulating lymphatic vasculature in normal and cancer conditions may pave the way towards the development of ncRNA-based anti-lymphangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa’ Md Yusof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.M.Y.); (R.R.)
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.M.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Kelly A. Avery-Kiejda
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Medical Genetics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence:
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31
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Dieterich LC, Bikfalvi A. The tumor organismal environment: Role in tumor development and cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 65:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Gracia G, Cao E, Feeney OM, Johnston APR, Porter CJH, Trevaskis NL. High-Density Lipoprotein Composition Influences Lymphatic Transport after Subcutaneous Administration. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2938-2951. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Gracia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Enyuan Cao
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Orlagh M. Feeney
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Angus P. R. Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. H. Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3052, Australia
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Kim DH, Lee HS, Mun YH, Koh S, Park JS, Lee SM, Kang NW, Lee MY, Cho CW, Kim DD, Lee JY. An overview of chondrosarcoma with a focus on nanoscale therapeutics. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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34
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Houssari M, Dumesnil A, Tardif V, Kivelä R, Pizzinat N, Boukhalfa I, Godefroy D, Schapman D, Hemanthakumar KA, Bizou M, Henry JP, Renet S, Riou G, Rondeaux J, Anouar Y, Adriouch S, Fraineau S, Alitalo K, Richard V, Mulder P, Brakenhielm E. Lymphatic and Immune Cell Cross-Talk Regulates Cardiac Recovery After Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1722-1737. [PMID: 32404007 PMCID: PMC7310303 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Lymphatics play an essential pathophysiological role in promoting fluid and immune cell tissue clearance. Conversely, immune cells may influence lymphatic function and remodeling. Recently, cardiac lymphangiogenesis has been proposed as a therapeutic target to prevent heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated the effects of gene therapy to modulate cardiac lymphangiogenesis post-MI in rodents. Second, we determined the impact of cardiac-infiltrating T cells on lymphatic remodeling in the heart. Approach and Results: Comparing adenoviral versus adeno-associated viral gene delivery in mice, we found that only sustained VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-CC156S therapy, achieved by adeno-associated viral vectors, increased cardiac lymphangiogenesis, and led to reduced cardiac inflammation and dysfunction by 3 weeks post-MI. Conversely, inhibition of VEGF-C/-D signaling, through adeno-associated viral delivery of soluble VEGFR3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3), limited infarct lymphangiogenesis. Unexpectedly, this treatment improved cardiac function post-MI in both mice and rats, linked to reduced infarct thinning due to acute suppression of T-cell infiltration. Finally, using pharmacological, genetic, and antibody-mediated prevention of cardiac T-cell recruitment in mice, we discovered that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells potently suppress, in part through interferon-γ, cardiac lymphangiogenesis post-MI. Conclusions: We show that resolution of cardiac inflammation after MI may be accelerated by therapeutic lymphangiogenesis based on adeno-associated viral gene delivery of VEGF-CC156S. Conversely, our work uncovers a major negative role of cardiac-recruited T cells on lymphatic remodeling. Our results give new insight into the interconnection between immune cells and lymphatics in orchestration of cardiac repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Houssari
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Anais Dumesnil
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Virginie Tardif
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., K.A.)
| | - Nathalie Pizzinat
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Inserm UMR1048, Université de Toulouse III, France (N.P., M.B.)
| | - Ines Boukhalfa
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - David Godefroy
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1239 (DC2N Laboratory), Mont Saint Aignan, France (D.G., Y.A.)
| | - Damien Schapman
- Normandy University, UniRouen, PRIMACEN, Mont Saint Aignan, France (D.S.)
| | - Karthik A Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., K.A.)
| | - Mathilde Bizou
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Inserm UMR1048, Université de Toulouse III, France (N.P., M.B.)
| | - Jean-Paul Henry
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Sylvanie Renet
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Gaetan Riou
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1234 (PANTHER Laboratory), Rouen, France (G.R., S.A.)
| | - Julie Rondeaux
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm UMR1239 (DC2N Laboratory), Mont Saint Aignan, France (D.G., Y.A.)
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1234 (PANTHER Laboratory), Rouen, France (G.R., S.A.)
| | - Sylvain Fraineau
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (R.K., K.A.H., K.A.)
| | - Vincent Richard
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
| | - Paul Mulder
- From the Normandy University, UniRouen, Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France (H.M., A.D., V.T., I.B., J.P.H., S.R., J.R., S.F., V.R., P.M.)
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Dieterich LC, Tacconi C, Menzi F, Proulx ST, Kapaklikaya K, Hamada M, Takahashi S, Detmar M. Lymphatic MAFB regulates vascular patterning during developmental and pathological lymphangiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:411-423. [PMID: 32307629 PMCID: PMC7311381 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MAFB is a transcription factor involved in the terminal differentiation of several cell types, including macrophages and keratinocytes. MAFB is also expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is upregulated by VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling. Recent studies have revealed that MAFB regulates several genes involved in lymphatic differentiation and that global Mafb knockout mice show defects in patterning of lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis. However, it has remained unknown whether this effect is LEC-intrinsic and whether MAFB might also be involved in postnatal lymphangiogenesis. We established conditional, lymphatic-specific Mafb knockout mice and found comparable lymphatic patterning defects during embryogenesis as in the global MAFB knockout. Lymphatic MAFB deficiency resulted in increased lymphatic branching in the diaphragm at P7, but had no major effect on lymphatic patterning or function in healthy adult mice. By contrast, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis was enhanced in mice lacking lymphatic MAFB. Together, these data reveal that LEC-expressed MAFB is involved in lymphatic vascular morphogenesis during embryonic and postnatal development as well as in pathological conditions. Therefore, MAFB could represent a target for therapeutic modulation of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Menzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kübra Kapaklikaya
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michito Hamada
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- ETH Zurich, HCI H303, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Fujimoto N, He Y, D’Addio M, Tacconi C, Detmar M, Dieterich LC. Single-cell mapping reveals new markers and functions of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymph nodes. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000704. [PMID: 32251437 PMCID: PMC7162550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are highly organized secondary lymphoid organs that mediate adaptive immune responses to antigens delivered via afferent lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line intranodal lymphatic sinuses and organize lymph and antigen distribution. LECs also directly regulate T cells, mediating peripheral tolerance to self-antigens, and play a major role in many diseases, including cancer metastasis. However, little is known about the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of LN LECs. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we comprehensively defined the transcriptome of LECs in murine skin-draining LNs and identified new markers and functions of distinct LEC subpopulations. We found that LECs residing in the subcapsular sinus (SCS) have an unanticipated function in scavenging of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and also identified a specific cortical LEC subtype implicated in rapid lymphocyte egress from LNs. Our data provide new, to our knowledge, insights into the diversity of LECs in murine LNs and a rich resource for future studies into the regulation of immune responses by LN LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Fujimoto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco D’Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MD); (LCD)
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MD); (LCD)
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Nakamoto S, Ito Y, Nishizawa N, Goto T, Kojo K, Kumamoto Y, Watanabe M, Majima M. Lymphangiogenesis and accumulation of reparative macrophages contribute to liver repair after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:395-410. [PMID: 32162023 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic tissue repair plays a critical role in determining the outcome of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hepatic lymphatics participate in the clearance of dead tissues and contribute to the reparative process after acute hepatic injury; however, it remains unknown whether lymphangiogenesis in response to hepatic inflammation is involved in liver repair. Herein, we determined if hepatic lymphangiogenesis improves liver repair after hepatic I/R injury. Using a mouse model of hepatic I/R injury, we investigated hepatic lymphatic structure, growth, and function in injured murine livers. Hepatic I/R injury enhanced lymphangiogenesis around the portal tract and this was associated with increased expression of pro-lymphangiogenic growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. Recombinant VEGF-D treatment facilitated liver repair in association with the expansion of lymphatic vessels and increased expression of genes related to the reparative macrophage phenotype. Treatment with a VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibitor suppressed liver repair, lymphangiogenesis, drainage function, and accumulation of VEGFR3-expressing reparative macrophages. VEGF-C and VEGF-D upregulated expression of genes related to lymphangiogenic factors and the reparative macrophage phenotype in cultured macrophages. These results suggest that activation of VEGFR3 signaling increases lymphangiogenesis and the number of reparative macrophages, both of which play roles in liver repair. Expanded lymphatics and induction of reparative macrophage accumulation may be therapeutic targets to enhance liver repair after hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Goto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kojo
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
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Intestinal lymphatic alteration in mouse models of energy imbalance. Nutrition 2020; 73:110714. [PMID: 32086112 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In obesity or anorexia, changes in body composition and mostly alterations in fat mass distribution are observed. The lymphatic system, which is implicated in fat absorption, might play a major role in the phenotype and development of these pathologies. In this study, two mice animal models were used: the high-fat diet model used for obesity and the activity-based anorexia model for anorexia. Lymphatic system marker levels were measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the different parts of the intestine. Moreover, the effects of these models were evaluated on lymphatic fat absorption using lipidic tracer. Using these two models, lymphatic system alterations were observed. Indeed, whether in the obesity or the anorectic model, lymphatic fat absorption modifications were noticed with an increase of this parameter in the anorectic mice and a decrease in obesity. Expression levels of lymphatic markers also were impaired in these models. Both obesity and anorectic models induced lymphatic system alterations mainly in the jejunum and ileum parts of the intestine. These alterations are associated with lipid absorption modifications.
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature, which accompanies the blood vasculature in most organs, is indispensable in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and nutritional lipid uptake and transport, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport. In this Review, we discuss the physiological role of the lymphatic system in the heart in the maintenance of cardiac health and describe alterations in lymphatic structure and function that occur in cardiovascular pathology, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. We also briefly discuss the role that immune cells might have in the regulation of lymphatic growth (lymphangiogenesis) and function. Finally, we provide examples of how the cardiac lymphatics can be targeted therapeutically to restore lymphatic drainage in the heart to limit myocardial oedema and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Brakenhielm
- Normandy University, UniRouen, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) UMR1096 (EnVI Laboratory), FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zarjou A, Black LM, Bolisetty S, Traylor AM, Bowhay SA, Zhang MZ, Harris RC, Agarwal A. Dynamic signature of lymphangiogenesis during acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1376-1388. [PMID: 31019289 PMCID: PMC6716993 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected syndromes with significant attributable morbidity and mortality. The disturbing trend of increasing incidence and prevalence of these clinical disorders highlights the urgent need for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that are involved in pathogenesis of these conditions. Lymphangiogenesis and its involvement in various inflammatory conditions is increasingly recognized while its role in AKI and CKD remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we studied lymphangiogenesis in three models of kidney injury. Our results demonstrate that the main ligands for lymphangiogenesis, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, are abundantly present in tubules at baseline conditions and the expression pattern of these ligands is significantly altered following injury. In addition, we show that both of these ligands increase in serum and urine post-injury and suggest that such increment may serve as novel urinary biomarkers of AKI as well as in progression of kidney disease. We also provide evidence that irrespective of the nature of initial insult, lymphangiogenic pathways are rapidly and robustly induced as evidenced by higher expression of lymphatic markers within the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zarjou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Laurence M Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Amie M Traylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sarah A Bowhay
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Yoon SY, Dieterich LC, Karaman S, Proulx ST, Bachmann SB, Sciaroni C, Detmar M. An important role of cutaneous lymphatic vessels in coordinating and promoting anagen hair follicle growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220341. [PMID: 31344105 PMCID: PMC6657912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system plays important roles in the control of tissue fluid homeostasis and immune responses. While VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis promotes hair follicle (HF) growth, the potential role of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in HF cycling has remained unknown. In this study, we found that LVs are localized in close proximity to the HF bulge area throughout the postnatal and depilation-induced hair cycle in mice and that a network of LVs directly connects the individual HFs. Increased LV density in the skin of K14-VEGF-C transgenic mice was associated with prolongation of anagen HF growth. Conversely, HF entry into the catagen phase was accelerated in K14-sVEGFR3 transgenic mice that lack cutaneous LVs. Importantly, repeated intradermal injections of VEGF-C promoted hair growth in mice. Conditioned media from lymphatic endothelial cells promoted human dermal papilla cell (DPC) growth and expression of IGF-1 and alkaline phosphatase, both activators of DPCs. Our results reveal an unexpected role of LVs in coordinating and promoting HF growth and identify potential new therapeutic strategies for hair loss-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinem Karaman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven T. Proulx
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samia B. Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carol Sciaroni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Farias-Cisneros E, Chilton PM, Palazzo MD, Ozyurekoglu T, Hoying JB, Williams SK, Baughman C, Jones CM, Kaufman CL. Infrared imaging of lymphatic function in the upper extremity of normal controls and hand transplant recipients via subcutaneous indocyanine green injection. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119862670. [PMID: 31312452 PMCID: PMC6614946 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119862670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of this study was to define the parameters of movement of indocyanine green in the upper extremity of normal control and hand transplant recipients. The purpose was to establish a non-invasive method of determining the level of lymphatic function in hand transplant recipients. In hand transplantation (and replantation), the deep lymphatic vessels are rarely repaired, resulting in altered lymphatic connections. In most cases, the relatively rapid inosculation of superficial lymphatic networks and drainage via the venous systems results in sufficient interstitial fluid and lymph drainage of the graft to prevent edema. However, our group and others have determined that some transplant recipients demonstrate chronic edema which is associated with lymphatic stasis. In one case, a patient with chronic edema has developed chronic rejection characterized by thinning of the skin, loss of adnexal structures, and fibrosis and contracture of the hand. Methods: Lymphatic function was evaluated by intradermal administration of near-infrared fluorescent dye, indocyanine green, and dynamic imaging with an infrared camera system (LUNA). To date, the assessment of lymphatic drainage in the upper extremity by clearance of indocyanine green dye has been studied primarily in oncology patients with abnormal lymphatic function, making assessment of normal drainage problematic. To establish normal parameters, indocyanine green lymphatic clearance functional tests were performed in a series of normal controls, and subsequently compared with indocyanine green clearance in hand transplant recipients. Results: The results demonstrate varied patterns of lymphatic drainage in the hand transplant patients that partially mimic normal hand lymphatic drainage, but also share characteristics of lymphedema patients defined in other studies. The study revealed significant deceleration of the dye drainage in the allograft of a patient with suspected chronic rejection and edema of the graft. Analysis of other hand transplant recipients revealed differing levels of dye deceleration, often localized at the level of surgical anastomosis. Conclusion: These studies suggest intradermal injection of indocyanine green and near-infrared imaging may be a useful clinical tool to assess adequacy of lymphatic function in hand transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula M Chilton
- Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michelle D Palazzo
- Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tuna Ozyurekoglu
- Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jay B Hoying
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Carter Baughman
- Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Jewish Hospital Transplant Center, Jewish Hospital, KentuckyOne Health, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christina L Kaufman
- Christine M. Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
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Jiang X, Cui J, Yang C, Song Y, Yuan J, Liu S, Hu F, Yang W, Qiao S. Elevated lymphatic vessel density measured by Lyve-1 expression in areas of replacement fibrosis in the ventricular septum of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Heart Vessels 2019; 35:78-85. [PMID: 31250132 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) contributes to fibrosis in patients with myocardial infarction. However, the role of LMVD in the process of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients is unclear. We studied LMVD in ventricular septal (VS) samples from 52 individuals (42 was HOCM patients who underwent a transaortic extended septal myectomy, and 10 traffic accident victims), and examined the relationships between the LMVD stained immunohistochemically with lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1) antibodies, collagen volume fraction (CVF), and clinical characteristics. Compared with traffic accident victims, LMVD was significantly increased in VS of HOCM patients (132.0 ± 49.0 VS 57.8 ± 48.8/mm2, p = 0.000). HOCM patients with syncope had higher level of LMVD than without syncope [166.7 (131.0-201.1) VS 116.4 (80.7-152.1)/mm2, p = 0.017], and LMVD were positively correlated with Log (CVF) (r = 0.431, p = 0.004). On multiple variables regression analysis, LMVD was independently associated with Log (CVF) (r = 0.379, p = 0.009) and syncope (r = 0.335, p = 0.020). In conclusions, the LYVE-1-positive lymphatics have close associations with VS fibrosis in HOCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jiang
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhu Song
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghuan Hu
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weixian Yang
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- Cardiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Hu D, Li L, Li S, Wu M, Ge N, Cui Y, Lian Z, Song J, Chen H. Lymphatic system identification, pathophysiology and therapy in the cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:99-111. [PMID: 31181226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circulatory system comprises both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. In contrast to the closed, high-pressure and circular blood vascular circulation, the lymphatic system forms an open, low-pressure and unidirectional transit network from the extracellular space to the venous system. It plays a key role in regulating tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of gastrointestinal lipids, and immune surveillance throughout the body. Despite the critical physiological functions of the lymphatic system, a complete understanding of the lymphatic vessels lags far behind that of the blood vasculatures due to the challenge of their visualization. During the last 20 years, discoveries of underlying genes responsible for lymphatic vessel biology, combined with state-of-the-art lymphatic function imaging and quantification techniques, have established the importance of the lymphatic vasculature in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including lymphedema, obesity and metabolic diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, atherosclerosis and myocardial infraction. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in the field of lymphatic vessel biology, with an emphasis on the new identification techniques of lymphatic system, pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and new therapeutic perspectives of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Wang W, Lin X, Xu H, Sun W, Bouta EM, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Attenuated Joint Tissue Damage Associated With Improved Synovial Lymphatic Function Following Treatment With Bortezomib in a Mouse Model of Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:244-257. [PMID: 30144298 DOI: 10.1002/art.40696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of the synovial lymphatic system in the severity and progression of joint tissue damage and functional responses of synovial lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to macrophage subsets, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) in a mouse model of experimental posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type mice received a meniscal ligamentous injury to induce posttraumatic knee OA. Lymphangiogenesis was blocked by a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) neutralizing antibody. Synovial lymphatic drainage was examined by near-infrared imaging. Joint damage was assessed by histology. RNA-sequencing and pathway analyses were applied to synovial LECs. Macrophage subsets in the mouse synovium were identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. M1 and M2 macrophages were induced from mouse bone marrow cells, and their effects on LECs were examined in cocultures in the presence or absence of BTZ. The effects of BTZ on joint damage, LEC inflammation, and synovial lymphatic drainage were examined. RESULTS Injection of a VEGFR-3 neutralizing antibody into the joints of mice with posttraumatic knee OA reduced synovial lymphatic drainage and accelerated joint tissue damage. Synovial LECs from the mouse OA joints had dysregulated inflammatory pathways and expressed high levels of inflammatory genes. The number of M1 macrophages was increased in the knee joints of mice with posttraumatic OA, thereby promoting the expression of inflammatory genes by LECs; this effect was blocked by BTZ. Treatment with BTZ decreased cartilage loss, reduced the expression of inflammatory genes by LECs, and improved lymphatic drainage in the knee joints of mice with posttraumatic OA. CONCLUSION Experimental posttraumatic knee OA is associated with decreased synovial lymphatic drainage, increased numbers of M1 macrophages, and enhanced inflammatory gene expression by LECs, all of which was improved by treatment with BTZ. Intraarticular administration of BTZ may represent a new therapy for the restoration of synovial lymphatic function in subjects with posttraumatic knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Wang
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China, and University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Xi Lin
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Hao Xu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, and Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Echoe M Bouta
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael J Zuscik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Di Chen
- Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 PMCID: PMC6459625 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S. Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - W. Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Schwager S, Renner S, Hemmerle T, Karaman S, Proulx ST, Fetz R, Golding-Ochsenbein AM, Probst P, Halin C, Neri D, Detmar M. Antibody-mediated delivery of VEGF-C potently reduces chronic skin inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:124850. [PMID: 30518687 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGF-C is an important mediator of lymphangiogenesis and has been shown to alleviate chronic inflammation in a variety of disease models. In this study, we investigated whether targeted delivery of VEGF-C to sites of inflammation and site-specific activation of lymphatic vessels would represent a clinically feasible strategy for treating chronic skin inflammation. To this end, we generated a fusion protein consisting of human VEGF-C fused to the F8 antibody (F8-VEGF-C), which is specific for the alternatively spliced, angiogenesis-marking extradomain A (EDA) of fibronectin. In two mouse models of psoriasis-like skin inflammation, mediated by transgenic VEGF-A overexpression or repeated application of imiquimod, intravenous treatment with F8-VEGF-C but not with untargeted VEGF-C significantly reduced ear skin edema and was as effective as the clinically used TNF-α receptor-Fc fusion protein (TNFR-Fc). Treatment with F8-VEGF-C led to a marked expansion of lymphatic vessels in the inflamed skin and significantly improved lymphatic drainage function. At the same time, treatment with F8-VEGF-C significantly reduced leukocyte numbers, including CD4+ and γδ T cells. In sum, our results reveal that targeted delivery of VEGF-C and site-specific induction of lymphatic vessels represent a potentially new and promising approach for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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48
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How can mindfulness-led breathing of qigong/Tai Chi work on qi and the meridian network? ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zheng Z, Zeng YZ, Ren K, Zhu X, Tan Y, Li Y, Li Q, Yi GH. S1P promotes inflammation-induced tube formation by HLECs via the S1PR1/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:224-235. [PMID: 30476824 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis is a widely accepted concept. However, most of the inflammatory factors and their related mechanisms have not been clarified. It has been reported that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is not only closely related to the chronic inflammatory process but also affects angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the inflammatory effects of S1P on human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs). Our results showed that S1P promotes tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in HLECs. We also confirmed that S1P-stimulated TNF-α and IL-1β secretion is mediated through S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1). Using TNF-α siRNA and IL-1β siRNA, we found that TNF-α and IL-1β play essential roles in S1P-induced HLEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. S1P induces phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and activation of NF-κB nuclear translocation. A S1PR1 antagonist (W146) and NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) inhibited S1P-induced TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation. Taken together, the results demonstrated for the first time that S1P promotes the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in HLECs via S1PR1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways, thus affecting lymphangiogenesis. The study provides a new strategy for finding treatments for lymphangiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Gil HJ, Ma W, Oliver G. A novel podoplanin-GFPCre mouse strain for gene deletion in lymphatic endothelial cells. Genesis 2018; 56:e23102. [PMID: 29569811 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system is a one-direction network of thin-walled capillaries and larger vessels covered by a continuous layer of endothelial cells responsible for maintaining fluid homeostasis. Some of the main functions of the lymphatic vasculature are to drain fluid from the extracellular spaces and return it back to the blood circulation, lipid absorption from the intestinal tract, and transport of immune cells to lymphoid organs. A number of genes controlling the development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature have been identified in the last few years, and their functional roles started to be characterized using gene inactivation approaches in mice. Unfortunately, only few mouse Cre strains relatively specific for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are currently available. In this article, we report the generation of a novel Podoplanin (Pdpn) GFPCre transgenic mouse strain using its 5' regulatory region. Pdpn encodes a transmembrane mucin-type O-glycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of embryonic and postnatal LECs, in addition to few other cell types. Our detailed characterization of this novel strain indicates that it will be a valuable additional genetic tool for the analysis of gene function in LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyea Jin Gil
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Wanshu Ma
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
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