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Sheng L, Shan Y, Dai H, Yu M, Sun J, Huang L, Wang F, Sheng M. Intercellular communication in peritoneal dialysis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1331976. [PMID: 38390449 PMCID: PMC10882094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1331976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) causes structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Peritoneal deterioration and fibrosis are multicellular and multimolecular processes. Under stimulation by deleterious factors such as non-biocompatibility of PD solution, various cells in the abdominal cavity show differing characteristics, such as the secretion of different cytokines, varying protein expression levels, and transdifferentiation into other cells. In this review, we discuss the role of various cells in the abdominal cavity and their interactions in the pathogenesis of PD. An in-depth understanding of intercellular communication and inter-organ communication in PD will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, enabling the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huibo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Funing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Pan XW, Xu D, Chen WJ, Chen JX, Chen WJ, Ye JQ, Gan SS, Zhou W, Song X, Shi L, Cui XG. USP39 promotes malignant proliferation and angiogenesis of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting VEGF-A 165b alternative splicing via regulating SRSF1 and SRPK1. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:486. [PMID: 34544400 PMCID: PMC8454004 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The benefit of targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is largely crippled by drug resistance. Rapid disease progression and poor prognosis occur in patients with drug resistance. New treatments demand prompt exploration for clinical therapies. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 39 (USP39) serves as the pro-tumor factor in several previous studies of other malignant tumors. To investigate the function and mechanism of USP39 in promoting malignant proliferation and angiogenesis of RCC. Methods We applied ONCOMINE database to analyze the correlation between USP39 expression level and the clinical characteristics of RCC. USP39 knockdown or overexpression plasmids were transfected into 786-O and ACHN cells. The HUVEC received cell supernatants of 786-O and ACHN cells with knockdown or overexpression USP39.The effect of USP39 on RCC was evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, colony formation assay and tubule formation assay. The interaction between USP39 and VEGF-A alternative splicing was assessed by affinity purification and mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays. Results The mRNA expression level of USP39 in RCC was significantly higher than that in normal renal tissue (P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with the survival rate of RCC patients (P < 0.01). Silencing of USP39 in 786-O and ACHN cells inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced S phase arrest. USP39 overexpression significantly increased the number of tubules (P < 0.05) and branches (P < 0.01) formed by HUVEC cells, and USP39 knockdown produced an opposite effect (P < 0.05). The USP39 (101–565) fragment directly mediated its binding to SRSF1 and SRPK1, and promoted the phosphorylation of SRSF1 to regulate VEGF-A alternative splicing. USP39 knockdown upregulated the expression of VEGF-A165b, and USP39 overexpression downregulated the expression of VEGF-A165b significantly (both P < 0.05). Conclusion USP39 acted as a pro-tumor factor by motivating the malignant biological processes of RCC, probably through inhibiting VEGF-A165b alternative splicing and regulating SRSF1 and SRPK1. USP39 may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for RCC. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02161-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Da Xu
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wen-Jin Chen
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wei-Jie Chen
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Jian-Qing Ye
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Si-Shun Gan
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Depanrtment of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China.
| | - Xu Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shandong, 200137, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Urology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Shandong, 264000, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Bao M, Chen Y, Liu JT, Bao H, Wang WB, Qi YX, Lv F. Extracellular matrix stiffness controls VEGF 165 secretion and neuroblastoma angiogenesis via the YAP/RUNX2/SRSF1 axis. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:71-86. [PMID: 34170441 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant variations in angiogenesis have been observed in tumor tissues with abnormal stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains largely unclear how ECM stiffness influences tumor angiogenesis. Numerous studies have reported that vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) released from tumor cells plays crucial roles in angiogenesis. Hence, we demonstrated the role of ECM stiffness in VEGF-A release from neuroblastoma (NB) cells and the underlying mechanisms. Based on 17 NB clinical samples, a negative correlation was observed between the length of blood vessels and stiffness of NB tissues. In vitro, an ECM stiffness of 30 kPa repressed the secretion of VEGF165 from NB cells which subsequently inhibited the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knocked down VEGF165 in NB cells or blocked VEGF165 with neutralizing antibodies both repressed the tube formation of HUVECs. Specifically, 30 kPa ECM stiffness repressed the expression and nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) to regulate the expression of Serine/Arginine Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) via Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which may then subsequently induce the expression and secretion of VEGF165 in NB tumor cells. Through implantation of 3D col-Tgels with different stiffness into nude mice, the inhibitory effect of 30 kPa on NB angiogenesis was confirmed in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of 30 kPa stiffness on NB angiogenesis was reversed by YAP overexpression, suggesting the important role of YAP in NB angiogenesis regulated by ECM stiffness. Overall, our work not only showed a regulatory effect of ECM stiffness on NB angiogenesis, but also revealed a new signaling axis, YAP-RUNX2-SRSF1, that mediates angiogenesis by regulating the expression and secretion of VEGF165 from NB cells. ECM stiffness and the potential molecules revealed in the present study may be new therapeutic targets for NB angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Dailey W, Shunemann R, Yang F, Moore M, Knapp A, Chen P, Deshpande M, Metcalf B, Tompkins Q, Guzman AE, Felisky J, Mitton KP. Differences in activation of intracellular signaling in primary human retinal endothelial cells between isoforms of VEGFA 165. Mol Vis 2021; 27:191-205. [PMID: 33953532 PMCID: PMC8092446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There are reports that a b-isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor-A 165 (VEGFA165b) is predominant in normal human vitreous, switching to the a-isoform (VEGFA165a) in the vitreous of some diseased eyes. Although these isoforms appear to have a different ability to activate the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in various endothelial cells, the nature of their ability to activate intracellular signaling pathways is not fully characterized, especially in retinal endothelial cells. We determined their activation potential for two key intracellular signaling pathways (MAPK, AKT) over complete dose-response curves and compared potential effects on the expression of several VEGFA165 target genes in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). Methods To determine full dose-response curves for the activation of MAPK (ERK1/2), AKT, and VEGFR2, direct in-cell western assays were developed using primary HRMECs. Potential differences in dose-response effects on gene expression markers related to endothelial cell and leukocyte adhesion (ICAM1, VCAM1, and SELE) and tight junctions (CLDN5 and OCLN) were tested with quantitative PCR. Results Activation dose-response analysis revealed much stronger activation of MAPK, AKT, and VEGFR2 by the a-isoform at lower doses. MAPK activation in primary HRMECs displayed a sigmoidal dose-response to a range of VEGFA 165 a concentrations spanning 10-250 pM, which shifted higher into the 100-5,000 pM range with VEGFA 165 b. Similar maximum activation of MAPK was achieved by both isoforms at high concentrations. Maximum activation of AKT by VEGFA 165 b was only half of the maximum activation from VEGFA 165 a. At a lower intermediate dose, where VEGFA 165 a activated intracellular signaling stronger than VEGFA 165 b, the changes in VEGFA target gene expression were generally greater with VEGFA 165 a. Conclusions In primary HRMECs, VEGFA 165 a could maximally activate MAPK and AKT at lower concentrations where VEGFA 165 b had relatively little effect. The timing for maximum activation of MAPK was similar for the isoforms, which is different from that reported for non-retinal endothelial cells. Although differences in VEGFA 165 a and VEGFA 165 b are limited to the sequence of their six C-terminal six amino acids, this results in a large difference in their ability to activate at least two key intracellular signaling pathways and VEGF-target gene expression in primary human retinal endothelial cells.
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. Phenolic Compounds Impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Microbiota Modulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020145. [PMID: 33499333 PMCID: PMC7912052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are nowadays the principal cause of death, especially in most industrialized nations. These illnesses have increased exponentially with the consumption of diets very high in fat and sugar, not to mention stress and physical inactivity among other factors. The potential impact of suboptimal diets on NCDs’ morbidity and mortality rates brings to the forefront the necessity for a new way of improving dietary habits. The literature provides extensive scientific work that presents evidence that phenolic compounds from diets have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities that impact human health. Gut microbiota modulation by some phenolic compounds leads to favorable changes in abundance, diversity, and in the immune system. However, polyphenol’s limited bioavailability needs to be overcome, highlighting their application in new delivery systems and providing their health benefits in well-established ways such as health maintenance, treatment or adjuvant to conventional pharmacological treatments. In this context, novel dietary approaches, including new food supplements, have emerged to prevent diseases and preserve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-96-3654-899
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Tian Y, Liu Z, Tan H, Hou J, Wen X, Yang F, Cheng W. New Aspects of Ultrasound-Mediated Targeted Delivery and Therapy for Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:401-418. [PMID: 32021187 PMCID: PMC6982438 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s201208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated targeted delivery (UMTD), a novel delivery modality of therapeutic materials based on ultrasound, shows great potential in biomedical applications. By coupling ultrasound contrast agents with therapeutic materials, UMTD combines the advantages of ultrasound imaging and carrier, which benefit deep tissue penetration and high concentration aggregation. In this paper we introduced recent advances in ultrasound contrast agents and applications in tumor therapy. Ultrasound contrast agents were categorized by their functions, mainly including thermosensitive, pH-sensitive and photosensitive ultrasound contrast agents. The various applications of UMTD in tumor treatment were summarized as follows: drug therapy, transfection of anti-oncogene, RNA interference, vaccine immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, cytokine immunotherapy, and so on. In the end, we elaborated on the current challenges and provided perspectives of UMTD for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyan Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Hou
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin150080, People’s Republic of China
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Genistein inhibits angiogenesis developed during rheumatoid arthritis through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/VEGF signalling pathway. J Orthop Translat 2019; 22:92-100. [PMID: 32440504 PMCID: PMC7231959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the supply of nutrients, cytokines, and inflammatory cells to the synovial membrane. Genistein (GEN), a soy-derived isoflavone, has been validated that can effectively inhibit the angiogenesis of several tumours. We thus carried out a study in vitro to investigate the effect of GEN in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis induced by the inflammatory environment of RA. Methods MH7A cells were used to verify whether GEN can inhibit the expression of VEGF in MH7A cells under inflammatory conditions and demonstrate the mechanism. EA.hy926 cells were used to verify whether GEN can inhibit the migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells in inflammatory environment. Results GEN dose-dependently inhibited the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and VEGF, as well as the nucleus translocation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in MH7A. Furthermore, GEN inhibited IL-6-induced vascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. Conclusion GEN inhibits IL-6-induced VEGF expression and angiogenesis partially through the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway in RA, which has provided a novel insight into the antiangiogenic activity of GEN in RA. The translational potential of this article Our study provides scientific guidance for the clinical translational research of GEN in the RA treatment.
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Rogers CA, Scott LJ, Reeves BC, Downes S, Lotery AJ, Dick AD, Chakravarthy U. Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in the IVAN Trial; Relationships with Drug, Dosing, and Systemic Serious Adverse Events. Ophthalmol Retina 2018; 2:118-127. [PMID: 30555977 PMCID: PMC6278944 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To describe serum vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving anti-VEGF agents and associations between sVEGF and systemic serious adverse events (SSAEs). Design Exploratory analyses of a randomized controlled trial that enrolled 610 participants with nAMD and compared 2 anti-VEGF antibodies, ranibizumab and bevacizumab, and 2 treatment regimens, monthly vs. discontinuous, with 2 years' follow-up. Participants Adults aged 50+ years with treatment-naïve nAMD and a visual acuity of ≥25 letters (Snellen equivalent 20/320) in the affected eye. Methods Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibodies. Main Outcome Measures sVEGF and occurrence of SSAE, with particular interest in arteriothromboembolic events (ATE) and immunologically mediated events (IME). Results On average, sVEGF (measured at months 0, 1, 11, 12, 23, and 24) decreased from a geometric mean of 168 pg/mL at baseline to 64 pg/mL at month 24. The decrease was greater with bevacizumab than with ranibizumab and was dependent on time since last treatment; at month 24 sVEGF was 11% lower with bevacizumab if treated ≥3 months previously, 51% lower if treated 2 months previously, and 76% lower if treated the previous month, compared with ranibizumab. The hazard of experiencing an ATE increased with age (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32–3.05; P = 0.001) and higher sVEGF (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.03–1.30, per 100 unit rise in sVEGF; P = 0.013). There was no association between sVEGF and the hazard of an IME (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.76–1.33; P = 0.942); however, the hazard of an IME was significantly increased by treatment with bevacizumab compared with ranibizumab (HR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.35–9.22; P = 0.010). The hazard of an “other SSAE” (not categorized as ATE or IME) increased with age (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.14–2.01, P = 0.005) and decreased if an injection had been administered within the previous month (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.45–1.03; P = 0.069). Conclusions The decrease in sVEGF is greater with bevacizumab than with ranibizumab, but this difference is eliminated when treatment is withheld for 3 months. Higher sVEGF increased the hazard of an ATE and bevacizumab increases the hazard of an IME compared with ranibizumab.
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Key Words
- ATE, arteriothromboembolic event
- CI, confidence interval
- DVT, deep vein thrombosis
- GMR, geometric mean ratio
- HR, hazard ratio
- IME, immunologically mediated event
- RPE, retinal pigment epithelium
- SSAE, systemic serious adverse event
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- nAMD, neovascular age-related macular degeneration
- pVEGF, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor
- sVEGF, serum vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Rogers
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren J. Scott
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby C. Reeves
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Usha Chakravarthy, MBBS, FRCOphth, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Institute for Clinical Science A, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK.
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Barratt SL, Blythe T, Jarrett C, Ourradi K, Shelley-Fraser G, Day MJ, Qiu Y, Harper S, Maher TM, Oltean S, Hames TJ, Scotton CJ, Welsh GI, Bates DO, Millar AB. Differential Expression of VEGF-A xxx Isoforms Is Critical for Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:479-493. [PMID: 28661183 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201603-0568oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Fibrosis after lung injury is related to poor outcome, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can be regarded as an exemplar. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A has been implicated in this context, but there are conflicting reports as to whether it is a contributory or protective factor. Differential splicing of the VEGF-A gene produces multiple functional isoforms including VEGF-A165a and VEGF-A165b, a member of the inhibitory family. To date there is no clear information on the role of VEGF-A in IPF. OBJECTIVES To establish VEGF-A isoform expression and functional effects in IPF. METHODS We used tissue sections, plasma, and lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF and control subjects. In a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model we used wild-type MMTV mice and a triple transgenic mouse SPC-rtTA+/-TetoCre+/-LoxP-VEGF-A+/+ to conditionally induce VEGF-A isoform deletion specifically in the alveolar type II (ATII) cells of adult mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IPF and normal lung fibroblasts differentially expressed and responded to VEGF-A165a and VEGF-A165b in terms of proliferation and matrix expression. Increased VEGF-A165b was detected in plasma of progressing patients with IPF. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, ATII-specific deficiency of VEGF-A or constitutive overexpression of VEGF-A165b inhibited the development of pulmonary fibrosis, as did treatment with intraperitoneal delivery of VEGF-A165b to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that changes in the bioavailability of VEGF-A sourced from ATII cells, namely the ratio of VEGF-Axxxa to VEGF-Axxxb, are critical in development of pulmonary fibrosis and may be a paradigm for the regulation of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Blythe
- 1 Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences
| | | | | | - Golda Shelley-Fraser
- 2 Department of Histopathology, Cheltenham and Gloucestershire NHS Trust, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Toby M Maher
- 5 NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- 6 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Hames
- 7 University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Chris J Scotton
- 7 University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - David O Bates
- 8 Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ann B Millar
- 1 Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences
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Biselli-Chicote PM, Biselli JM, Cunha BR, Castro R, Maniglia JV, Neto DDS, Tajara EH, Góis Filho JFD, Fukuyama EE, Pavarino ÉC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Overexpression of Antiangiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Isoform and Splicing Regulatory Factors in Oral, Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2171-2177. [PMID: 28843252 PMCID: PMC5697477 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A family VEGFAxxx is associated with tumor growth and metastasis. The role of the alternatively spliced antiangiogenic family VEGFAxxxb is poorly investigated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The antiangiogenic isoform binds to bevacizumab and its expression level could influence the treatment response and progression-free survival. In this study, the relative expression of VEGFAxxx and VEGFA165b isoforms and splicing regulatory factors genes was investigated in a series of HNSCCs. Methods: VEGFAxxx, VEGFA165b, SRSF6, SRSF5, SRSF1 and SRPK1 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real time PCR in 53 tissue samples obtained by surgery from HNSCC patients. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: VEGFAxxx and VEGFA165b were overexpressed in HNSCCs. Elevated protein expression was also confirmed. However, VEGFA isoforms demonstrated differential expression according to anatomical sites. VEGFAxxx was overexpressed in pharyngeal tumors while the VEGFA165b isoform was up-regulated in oral tumors. The VEGFA165b isoform was also positively correlated with expression of the splicing regulatory genes SRSF1, SRSF6 and SRSF5. Conclusions: We concluded that VEGFAxxx and VEGFA165b isoforms are overexpressed in HNSCCs and the splicing regulatory factors SRSF1, SRSF6, SRSF5 and SRPK1 may contribute to alternative splicing of the VEGFA gene. The findings for the differential expression of the antiangiogenic isoform in HNSCCs could facilitate effective therapeutic strategies for the management of these tumors.
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11
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Ye X, Abou-Rayyah Y, Bischoff J, Ritchie A, Sebire NJ, Watts P, Churchill AJ, Bates DO. Altered ratios of pro- and anti-angiogenic VEGF-A variants and pericyte expression of DLL4 disrupt vascular maturation in infantile haemangioma. J Pathol 2017; 239:139-51. [PMID: 26957058 PMCID: PMC4869683 DOI: 10.1002/path.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infantile haemangioma (IH), the most common neoplasm in infants, is a slowly resolving vascular tumour. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), which consists of both the pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic variants, contributes to the pathogenesis of IH. However, the roles of different VEGF‐A variants in IH progression and its spontaneous involution is unknown. Using patient‐derived cells and surgical specimens, we showed that the relative level of VEGF‐A165b was increased in the involuting phase of IH and the relative change in VEGF‐A isoforms may be dependent on endothelial differentiation of IH stem cells. VEGFR signalling regulated IH cell functions and VEGF‐A165b inhibited cell proliferation and the angiogenic potential of IH endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of angiogenesis by VEGF‐A165b was associated with the extent of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) activation and degradation and Delta‐like ligand 4 (DLL4) expression. These results indicate that VEGF‐A variants can be regulated by cell differentiation and are involved in IH progression. We also demonstrated that DLL4 expression was not exclusive to the endothelium in IH but was also present in pericytes, where the expression of VEGFR2 is absent, suggesting that pericyte‐derived DLL4 may prevent sprouting during involution, independently of VEGFR2. Angiogenesis in IH therefore appears to be controlled by DLL4 within the endothelium in a VEGF‐A isoform‐dependent manner, and in perivascular cells in a VEGF‐independent manner. The contribution of VEGF‐A isoforms to disease progression also indicates that IH may be associated with altered splicing. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ye
- Ophthalmology Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.,Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Alison Ritchie
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Neil J Sebire
- Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Amanda J Churchill
- Ophthalmology Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
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12
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Shi J, Yu M, Sheng M. Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Adipocytes. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:209-219. [PMID: 28478435 DOI: 10.1159/000476017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis are the most common complications in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD), resulting in progressive peritoneum remolding and, eventually, utrafiltration failure. Contributing to the deeper tissue under the peritoneal membrane, adipocytes play a neglected role in this process. Some adipokines act as inflammatory and angiogenic promoters, while others have the opposite effects. Adipokines, together with inflammatory factors and other cytokines, modulate inflammation and neovascularization in a coordinated fashion. This review will also emphasize cellular regulators and their crosstalk in long-term PD. Understanding the molecular mechanism, targeting changes in adipocytes and regulating adipokine secretion will help extend therapeutic methods for preventing inflammation and angiogenesis in PD.
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13
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Abstract
The glomerulus is a highly specialized microvascular bed that filters blood to form primary urinary filtrate. It contains four cell types: fenestrated endothelial cells, specialized vascular support cells termed podocytes, perivascular mesangial cells, and parietal epithelial cells. Glomerular cell-cell communication is critical for the development and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. VEGF, ANGPT, EGF, SEMA3A, TGF-β, and CXCL12 signal in paracrine fashions between the podocytes, endothelium, and mesangium associated with the glomerular capillary bed to maintain filtration barrier function. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of these signaling pathways in the development and maintenance of the glomerulus and the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Bartlett
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
| | - Marie Jeansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden;
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; ,
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14
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Zhao M, Xie WK, Bai YJ, Huang LZ, Wang B, Liang JH, Yin H, Li XX, Shi X. Expression of Total Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Anti-angiogenic VEGF 165 b Isoform in the Vitreous of Patients with Retinopathy of Prematurity. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2505-9. [PMID: 26365970 PMCID: PMC4725572 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.164937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was to examine the expression of total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the anti-angiogenic VEGF165b isoform in the vitreous body of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) patients, and to further study the role of the VEGF splicing in the development of ROP. Methods: This was a prospective clinical laboratory investigation study. All patients enrolled received standard ophthalmic examination with stage 4 ROP that required vitrectomy to collect the vitreous samples. The control samples were from congenital cataract patients. The expression of total VEGF and the anti-angiogenic VEGF165b were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were analyzed statistically using nonparametric tests. Results: The total VEGF level was markedly elevated in ROP samples while VEGF165b was markedly decreased compared to control group. The relative protein expression level of VEGF165b isoform was significantly decreased in ROP patients which were correlated with the ischemia-induced neovascularization. Conclusions: There was a switch of VEGF splicing from anti-angiogenic to pro-angiogenic family in ROP patients. A specific inhibitor that more selectively targets VEGF165and controls the VEGF splicing between pro- and anti-angiogenic families might be a more effective therapy for ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China
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Novel Types of Small RNA Exhibit Sequence- and Target-dependent Angiogenesis Suppression Without Activation of Toll-like Receptor 3 in an Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Mouse Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e258. [PMID: 26484944 PMCID: PMC4881762 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool for suppressing gene expression in vitro and in vivo. A great deal of evidence has demonstrated the potential for the use of synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as therapeutic agents. However, the application of siRNA to clinical medicine is still limited, mainly due to sequence-independent suppression of angiogenesis mediated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Here, we describe novel types of synthetic RNA, named nkRNA and PnkRNA, that exhibit sequence-specific gene silencing through RNAi without activating TLRs or RIG-I–like receptor signaling. In addition, we confirmed the therapeutic effect for the novel types of RNA in an animal model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) without retinal degeneration. These data indicate that nkRNA and PnkRNA are of great potential utility as therapies against blinding choroidal neovascularization due to AMD.
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