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Carpentier J, Abenaim L, Luttenschlager H, Dessauvages K, Liu Y, Samoah P, Francis F, Caparros Megido R. Microorganism Contribution to Mass-Reared Edible Insects: Opportunities and Challenges. INSECTS 2024; 15:611. [PMID: 39194816 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The interest in edible insects' mass rearing has grown considerably in recent years, thereby highlighting the challenges of domesticating new animal species. Insects are being considered for use in the management of organic by-products from the agro-industry, synthetic by-products from the plastics industry including particular detoxification processes. The processes depend on the insect's digestive system which is based on two components: an enzymatic intrinsic cargo to the insect species and another extrinsic cargo provided by the microbial community colonizing-associated with the insect host. Advances have been made in the identification of the origin of the digestive functions observed in the midgut. It is now evident that the community of microorganisms can adapt, improve, and extend the insect's ability to digest and detoxify its food. Nevertheless, edible insect species such as Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor are surprisingly autonomous, and no obligatory symbiosis with a microorganism has yet been uncovered for digestion. Conversely, the intestinal microbiota of a given species can take on different forms, which are largely influenced by the host's environment and diet. This flexibility offers the potential for the development of novel associations between insects and microorganisms, which could result in the creation of synergies that would optimize or expand value chains for agro-industrial by-products, as well as for contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Carpentier
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Linda Abenaim
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Hugo Luttenschlager
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kenza Dessauvages
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Prince Samoah
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Rudy Caparros Megido
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage Des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Kim H, Maigoro AY, Lee JH, Frunze O, Kwon HW. The Improving Effects of Probiotic-Added Pollen Substitute Diets on the Gut Microbiota and Individual Health of Honey Bee ( Apis mellifera L.). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1567. [PMID: 39203409 PMCID: PMC11356693 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health is crucial for honey bee products and effective pollination, and it is closely associated with gut bacteria. Various factors such as reduced habitat, temperature, disease, and diet affect the health of honey bees by disturbing the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota of honey bees subjected to seven diets over 5 days. Lactobacillus dominated the microbiota in all diets. Cage experiments (consumption, head protein content, and vitellogenin gene expression level) were conducted to verify the effect of the diet. Through a heatmap, the Diet2 (probiotic-supplemented) group was clustered together with the Beebread and honey group, showing high consumption (177.50 ± 26.16 mg/bee), moderately higher survival duration (29.00 ± 2.83 days), protein content in the head (312.62 ± 28.71 µg/mL), and diet digestibility (48.41 ± 1.90%). Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between gut microbiota and health-related indicators in honey bees fed each diet. Based on the overall results, we identified that probiotic-supplemented diets increased gut microbiota diversity and positively affected the overall health of individual honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjee Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (A.Y.M.); (J.-H.L.); (O.F.)
| | - Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (A.Y.M.); (J.-H.L.); (O.F.)
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (A.Y.M.); (J.-H.L.); (O.F.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga Frunze
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (A.Y.M.); (J.-H.L.); (O.F.)
| | - Hyung-Wook Kwon
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (A.Y.M.); (J.-H.L.); (O.F.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Division of Research and Development, Insensory Inc., 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Ren Y, Chen J, Fu S, Bu W, Xue H. Changes in the gut bacterial community affect miRNA profiles in Riptortus pedestris under different rearing conditions. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101135. [PMID: 37688974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Insects possess complex and dynamic gut microbial system, which contributes to host nutrient absorption, reproduction, energy metabolism, and protection against stress. However, there are limited data on interactions of host-gut bacterial microbiota through miRNA (microRNA) regulation in a significant pest, Riptortus pedestris. Here, we performed the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and small RNA sequencing from the R. pedestris gut under three environmental conditions and antibiotic treatment, suggesting that we obtained a large amount of reads by assembly, filtration and quality control. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing results showed that the abundance and diversity of gut bacterial microbiota were significantly changed between antibiotic treatment and other groups, and they are involved in metabolism and biosynthesis-related function based on functional prediction. Furthermore, we identified different numbers of differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) based on high-quality mappable reads, which were enriched in various immune-related pathways, including Toll-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor, NOD-like receptor, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK signaling pathways, and so forth, using GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Later on, the identified miRNAs and their target genes in the R. pedestris gut were predicted and randomly selected to construct an interaction network. Finally, our study indicated that alterations in the gut bacterial microbiota are significantly positively or negatively associated with DEMs of the Toll/Imd signaling pathway with Pearson correlation analysis. Taken together, the results of our study lay the foundation for further deeply understanding the interactions between the gut microbiota and immune responses in R. pedestris through miRNA regulation, and provide the new basis for pest management in hemipteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Ren
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Juhong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Siying Fu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Huaijun Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Zheng R, Cheng L, Peng J, Li Q, Yang F, Yang D, Xia Y, Tang Q. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota and immune genes linked with the immune system of wild and captive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104530. [PMID: 36084754 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is one of the most highly polyphagous invasive pests causing serious damage to maize crops in China. However, little is known about the gut immune responses to the environment, particularly along the migration routes in Jianghuai, China, throughout the autumn and winter. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were employed to examine the variations in immune genes and gut microbiome communities between captive and wild fall armyworm populations. Results showed that the diversity and community of the gut's microbes were higher in wild populations, and the average weighted UniFrac distance between bacterial taxa varied. A wide variety of immune genes were more abundant in the wild populations than in others. Results indicated that diets and different survival conditions impacted the gut microbiota and immune system of S. frugiperda, which was crucial for environmental adaptation. These differences in gut microbiota and immune responses between wild and captive Fall armyworms are critical for comprehending the symbiotic relationship between microbes, immune genes, and hosts. They also highlight the need for increased focus on developing more effective and environmentally friendly pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Luoling Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Zhao QY, Zhang LY, Fu DY, Xu J, Chen P, Ye H. Lactobacillus spp. in the reproductive system of female moths and mating induced changes and possible transmission. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:308. [PMID: 36536275 PMCID: PMC9762107 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome in the insect reproductive tract is poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus spp. in female moths, but their distribution and function remain unclear. Lactobacillus spp. are known as the 'healthy' vaginal microbiome in humans. RESULTS Here, we studied the microbiome in the reproductive system (RS) and gut of Spodoptera frugiperda using 16S rDNA sequences. The obtained 4315 bacterial OTUs were classified into 61 phyla and 642 genera, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidota being the top three dominant phyla and Enterococcus and Asaia being dominant genera in most samples. Mating dramatically increased the abundance of pathogens or pathogenic functions in the gut, while in the RS, the change range was trivial. Taxonomy assignment identified thirteen Lactobacillus spp. in S. frugiperda, with Lactobacillus crustorum and Lactobacillus murinus showing high abundance. Three species found in S. frugiperda, namely L. reuteri, L. plantarum and L. brevis, have also been identified as human 'healthy' vaginal bacterial species. Lactobacillus spp. showed higher abundance in the RS of virgin females and lower abundance in the RS of virgin males and the gut of virgin females. Mating reduced their abundance in the RS of females but increased their abundance in the RS of males, especially in males mated with multiple females. The RS of virgin females and of multiple mated males were very similar in terms of composition and abundance of Lactobacillus species, with Lactobacillus crustorum showing much higher abundance in both tissues, potentially due to sexual transmission. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus spp. showed high abundance and diversity in the RS of female moths. The higher abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the RS of female moths and the similarity of Lactobacillus species in female moths with human 'healthy' vaginal Lactobacillus spp. suggest that these bacterial strains are also an important microbiome in the RS of female moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Zhao
- grid.412720.20000 0004 1761 2943Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road 300#, Kunming, 650224 China ,grid.412720.20000 0004 1761 2943Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road 300#, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Luo-Yan Zhang
- grid.412720.20000 0004 1761 2943Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road 300#, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Da-Ying Fu
- grid.412720.20000 0004 1761 2943Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road 300#, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Jin Xu
- grid.412720.20000 0004 1761 2943Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road 300#, Kunming, 650224 China ,grid.412720.20000 0004 1761 2943Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Bailong Road 300#, Kunming, 650224 China
| | - Peng Chen
- grid.464490.b0000 0004 1798 048XYunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Lanan Road 2#, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Hui Ye
- grid.440773.30000 0000 9342 2456School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2#, Kunming, 650091 China
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Liu Z, Zhao J, Lu K, Wang Z, Yin L, Zheng H, Wang X, Mao L, Xing B. Biodegradation of Graphene Oxide by Insects ( Tenebrio molitor Larvae): Role of the Gut Microbiome and Enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16737-16747. [PMID: 36379022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of graphene materials is critical for understanding their environmental process and fate. Thus, biodegradation and mineralization of graphene oxide (GO) by an insect (yellow mealworms, Tenebrio molitor larvae) were investigated. Twenty mealworms could eat up a piece of GO film (1.5 × 1.5 cm) in 15 days. The ingested GO film underwent degradation, and the residual GO sheets were observed in the frass. Raman imaging confirmed that the residual GO (ID/IG, 1.16) was more defective than the pristine GO film (ID/IG, 0.95). 14C analysis showed that GO sheets were partially mineralized into CO2 (0.26%) and assimilated into biomass compositions (e.g., lipid and protein) (0.36%). Gut microbes and extracellular enzymes in yellow mealworms played crucial roles in GO degradation, and the predominant gut microbes for GO biodegradation were identified as Enterobacteriaceae bacteria (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella sp.). Two biodegradation products belonging to hydroxylated or carboxylated aromatic compounds were formed with the assistance of electrons and hydroxyl radicals in mealworm guts. These findings are useful for better understanding the environmental and biological fate of graphene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomiao Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liyun Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Do Y, Park JK, Park WB, Kim MS. The Gut Bacterial Community of Chlaenius pallipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Associates with Their Habitat and Morphology. INSECTS 2022; 13:1099. [PMID: 36555009 PMCID: PMC9787801 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the gut bacterial community of Chlaenius pallipes could represent the health conditions of individuals or populations based on where these beetles inhabit. Considering the ecological traits of the species, the gut bacterial communities of carabid populations inhabiting stable or unstable habitats were compared. Food resource quality (δ15N) and morphological shape, especially body and wing size, may be significant factors that directly or indirectly affect the gut bacterial community of carabid beetles. Firmicutes (51.7%) and Proteobacteria (36.3%) were the predominant phyla in the gut bacterial community of C. pallipes. A significant difference in the gut bacterial community structure was observed between organisms inhabiting unstable and stable habitats in this study. Wing size, as estimated by centroid size, was correlated with differences in the gut bacterial community composition of the species. Even if a factor is not strong enough to determine the survival of carabid beetles, the composition of the gut bacterial community can change. We found that although each individual has a large variation in the gut bacterial community composition, the gut bacterial community can be used to evaluate the condition of each habitat through consistent investigation. Habitat assessment based on changes in the number of carabid beetle species and their composition requires relatively long-term research; however, the gut bacterial community of carabid beetles can help identify short-term environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Do
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Park
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Bae Park
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ling Y, Li WJ, Li FF, Xue XB, Gao YY, Wang L, Liang K, Li XJ. Microbial gut diversity in four grasshopper species and its correlation with cellulose digestibility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002532. [PMID: 36439812 PMCID: PMC9684308 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Grasshoppers are common pests, and their intestinal microbes have coevolved with them. These microorganisms have varied community structures, and they participate in the nutritional absorption and metabolism of grasshoppers. Here, we describe the gut microbiota diversity of four species of grasshoppers, Oxya chinensis, Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis, Gastrimargus marmoratus, and Calliptamus abbreviatus. We constructed a 16S rDNA gene library and analyzed the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in grasshoppers using moss black phenol and anthrone colorimetry. The grasshopper with the highest microbial diversity in the gut among the four species was Oxya chinensis, and there were no significant differences in gut microbial diversity between the two geographic collections of Oxya chinensis. The most dominant phyla of the four grasshopper gut microorganisms were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, and the most dominant genus was Enterobacter. The gut microbiota features of the four grasshoppers were correlated with their cellulose and hemicellulose digestibility. There was a significant positive correlation with cellulose digestibility for Pantoea. A significant negative correlation was found with cellulose digestibility for Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Citrobacter, Serratia. A significant negative correlation was found with hemicellulose digestibility for Pantoea. This study contributes to the understanding of the structural composition of different species of grasshoppers gut microbiota, which may be useful for developing grasshopper digestive tracts as bioreactors for cellulose decomposition, improving the decomposition and utilization of agricultural straw, producing clean biomass energy, and processing biologically derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Jiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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9
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Jaffar S, Ahmad S, Lu Y. Contribution of insect gut microbiota and their associated enzymes in insect physiology and biodegradation of pesticides. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979383. [PMID: 36187965 PMCID: PMC9516005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the agroecosystem in the past several years. They have caused many severe threats to non-target organisms, including humans. Therefore, the complete removal of toxic compounds is gaining wide attention to protect the ecosystem and the diversity of living organisms. Several methods, such as physical, chemical and biological, are applied to degrade compounds, but as compared to other methods, biological methods are considered more efficient, fast, eco-friendly and less expensive. In particular, employing microbial species and their purified enzymes makes the degradation of toxic pollutants more accessible and converts them into non-toxic products by several metabolic pathways. The digestive tract of insects is usually known as a superior organ that provides a nutrient-rich environment to hundreds of microbial species that perform a pivotal role in various physiological and ecological functions. There is a direct relationship between pesticides and insect pests: pesticides reduce the growth of insect species and alter the phyla located in the gut microbiome. In comparison, the insect gut microbiota tries to degrade toxic compounds by changing their toxicity, increasing the production and regulation of a diverse range of enzymes. These enzymes breakdown into their derivatives, and microbial species utilize them as a sole source of carbon, sulfur and energy. The resistance of pesticides (carbamates, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, and neonicotinoids) in insect species is developed by metabolic mechanisms, regulation of enzymes and the expression of various microbial detoxifying genes in insect guts. This review summarizes the toxic effects of agrochemicals on humans, animals, birds and beneficial arthropods. It explores the preferential role of insect gut microbial species in the degradation process and the resistance mechanism of several pesticides in insect species. Additionally, various metabolic pathways have been systematically discussed to better understand the degradation of xenobiotics by insect gut microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Jaffar
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Song C, Wen H, Liu G, Ma X, Lv G, Wu N, Chen J, Xue M, Li H, Xu P. Gut Microbes Reveal Pseudomonas Medicates Ingestion Preference via Protein Utilization and Cellular Homeostasis Under Feed Domestication in Freshwater Drum, Aplodinotus grunniens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861705. [PMID: 35722333 PMCID: PMC9204248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With strong demand for aquatic products, as well as a rapid decrease in global fishery resources and capture fisheries, domesticating animals to provide more high-quality proteins is meaningful for humans. Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) is widely distributed in the wild habitats of North America. However, the research on A. grunniens and the feed domestication with diets composed of artificial compounds remains unclear. In this study, a 4-month feeding domestication experiment was conducted with A. grunniens larvae to evaluate the underlying mechanism and molecular targets responsible for alternations in the ingestion performance. The results indicated that a significant increase in the final body weight was exhibited by the feed domesticated group (DOM, 114.8 g) when compared to the group that did not ingest the feed (WT, 5.3 g) as the latest version we raised From the result, the final body weight exhibited significant increase between unfavorable with the feed (WT, 5.3 g) and feed domesticated group (DOM, 114.8 g). In addition, the enzyme activity of digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and trypsin was increased in DOM. Genes related to appetite and perception, such as NPY4R, PYY, and LEPR, were activated in DOM. 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that Pseudomonas sp. increased from 58.74% to 89.77% in DOM, which accounts for the dominant upregulated microbial community at the genus level, followed by Plesiomonas. Analogously, Mycobacterium, Methylocystis, and Romboutsia also accounted for the down-regulated microbes in the diversity. Transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis revealed that feed domestication significantly improved protein digestion and absorption, inhibited apoptosis by AGE-RAGE signaling, and activated extracellular matrix remodeling by relaxin signaling. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and host transcriptome revealed that Pseudomonas-mediated ingestion capacity, protein utilization, and cellular homeostasis might be the underlying mechanism under feed domestication. These results indicate Pseudomonas and its key genes relating to food ingestion and digestion could serve as the molecular targets for feed domestication and sustainable development in A. grunniens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangxiang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Ningyuan Wu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
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11
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Zeng T, Su HA, Liu YL, Li JF, Jiang DX, Lu YY, Qi YX. Serotonin modulates insect gut bacterial community homeostasis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:105. [PMID: 35550116 PMCID: PMC9103294 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms and maintain homeostasis remain largely unknown. Results Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) was found to modulate gut microbiome homeostasis via regulation of a dual oxidase (Duox) gene expression in both Bactrocera dorsalis and Aedes aegypti. The knockdown of the peripheral 5-HT biosynthetic gene phenylalanine hydroxylase (TPH) increased the expression of Duox and the activity of reactive oxygen species, leading to a decrease in the gut microbiome load. Moreover, the TPH knockdown reduced the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Serratia and Providencia, including the opportunistic pathogens, S. marcescens and P. alcalifaciens in B. dorsalis. Treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT synthesis, fully rescued the TPH knockdown-induced phenotype. Conclusions The findings reveal the important contribution of 5-HT in regulating gut homeostasis, providing new insights into gut–microbe interactions in metazoans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01319-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong-Ai Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ya-Lan Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian-Fang Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ding-Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yi-Xiang Qi
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Zhang LY, Yu H, Fu DY, Xu J, Yang S, Ye H. Mating Leads to a Decline in the Diversity of Symbiotic Microbiomes and Promiscuity Increased Pathogen Abundance in a Moth. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:878856. [PMID: 35633686 PMCID: PMC9133953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.878856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating may promote microbial diversity through sexual transmission, while mating-induced immune responses may decrease it. Therefore, the study of mating-induced microbiomes changes under different mating systems is informative to unravel its biological relevance and evolutionary significance. Here, we studied the microbiomes in a community context within the abdomen of Spodoptera frugiperda females using 16S rDNA sequences by setting virgin females, and females mated once, twice, or thrice with the same or different males. Alpha and beta diversities revealed that mating significantly affected the composition of microbiomes in S. frugiperda females, wherein virgin females have the highest diversity, followed by one-time mated females and females mated with multiple males, while females mated repeatedly with the same male showed the lowest diversity. The low diversity in females mated repeatedly with the same male may be due to lower sexual transmission as only mated with one mate and higher immune response from repeated matings. Functional prediction by FAPROTAX and literature searching found 17 possible pathogens and 12 beneficial microbiomes. Multiple mating turned over the abundance of pathogens and beneficial microbes, for example, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus spp. (beneficial) showed higher abundance in virgin females while Morganella and Serratia spp. (pathogens) showed higher abundance in females mated with multiple males. These results suggest that mating causes a decline in the diversity of symbiotic microbiomes and promiscuity incurs a higher pathogen abundance in S. frugiperda females, which may be the result of sexual transmission of bacterial strains and immune responses targeting members of the microbiomes. To our knowledge, we demonstrate microbiomes changes in female insects under virgin and different mating regimes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Yan Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Da-Ying Fu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Song Yang
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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13
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Yu Y, Wang Q, Zhou P, Lv N, Li W, Zhao F, Zhu S, Liu D. First Glimpse of Gut Microbiota of Quarantine Insects in China. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:394-404. [PMID: 35623445 PMCID: PMC9684152 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quarantine insects are economically important pests that frequently invade new habitats. A rapid and accurate monitoring method to trace the geographical sources of invaders is required for their prevention, detection, and eradication. Current methods based on genetics are typically time-consuming. Here, we developed a novel tracing method based on insect gut microbiota. The source location of the insect gut microbiota can be used to rapidly determine the geographical origin of the insect. We analyzed 179 gut microbiota samples from 591 individuals of 22 quarantine insect species collected from 36 regions in China. The gut microbiota of these insects primarily included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. The diversity of the insect gut microbiota was closely associated with geographical and environmental factors. Different insect species could be distinguished based on the composition of gut microbiota at the phylum level. Populations of individual insect species from different regions could be distinguished based on the composition of gut microbiota at the phylum, class, and order levels. A method for determining the geographical origins of invasive insect species has been established; however, its practical application requires further investigations before implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Yu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 102206, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Di Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Virus Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding authors.
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14
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Didion EM, Doyle M, Benoit JB. Bacterial Communities of Lab and Field Northern House Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Throughout Diapause. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:648-658. [PMID: 34747999 PMCID: PMC8924969 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is a hormonally driven response which is triggered by environmental cues that signal impending adverse conditions and prompts metabolic, developmental, and behavioral changes to allow survival until the return of favorable conditions. Microbial symbionts have been shown to influence the metabolism, development, and behavior of their host organisms, all of which are common diapause-associated characteristics. Surveys of bacterial components in relation to diapause have been examined in few systems, of which the species are usually inactive during dormancy, such as eggs or pupae. This is specifically intriguing as adult female diapause in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) can last between 4 and 7 mo and females remain mobile within their hibernacula. Furthermore, it is unknown how microbiota changes associated with prolonged dormancy are different between the lab and field for insect systems. This study aims to characterize how the microbiota of C. pipiens changes throughout diapause under both field and lab settings when provided identical food and water resources. Based on these studies, C. pipiens microbiota shifts as diapause progresses and there are considerable differences between field and lab individuals even when provided the same carbohydrate and water sources. Specific bacterial communities have more association with different periods of diapause, field and lab rearing conditions, and nutritional reserve levels. These studies highlight that diapausing mosquito microbiota studies ideally should occur in field mesocosms and at multiple locations, to increase applicability to wild C. pipiens as prolonged exposure to artificial rearing conditions could impact metrics related to diapause-microbiome interactions. Additionally, these findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to establish if the microbiota shift during diapause impacts host physiology and whether this shift is critical to diapause success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Didion
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding authors, e-mail: ;
| | - Megan Doyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Corresponding authors, e-mail: ;
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15
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Banerjee S, Maiti TK, Roy RN. Enzyme producing insect gut microbes: an unexplored biotechnological aspect. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:384-402. [PMID: 34612103 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore the unmapped biotechnologically important microbial platforms for human welfare, the insect gut system is such a promising arena. Insects, the inhabitant of all ecological niches, harbor a healthy diversified microbial population in their versatile gut environment. This deep-rooted symbiotic relationship between insects and gut microbes is the result of several indispensable microbial performances that include: enzyme production, detoxification of plant defense compounds and insecticides, maintenance of life cycle, host fertility, bioremediation, pest biocontrol, production of antimicrobial compounds, and in addition provide vitamins, amino acids, and lactic acids to their hosts. Insects have developed such symbiotic interactions with different microorganisms for nutritional benefits like the digestion of dietary compounds by the production of several key hydrolytic enzymes viz: amylase, cellulase, lignocellulase, protease, lipase, xylanase, pectinase, chitinase, laccase, etc. The nutritional enrichment offered by these microbes to insects may be the key factor in the evolutionary attainment of this group. Around one million insect species are grouped under 31 orders, however, only ten of such groups' have been studied in relation to enzyme-producing gut microbes. Moreover, insect gut symbionts are a potential source of biotechnologically active biomolecules as these microbes go through a course of selection pressures in their host gut environment. As symbiosis has pronounced potential regarding the production of novel compounds, especially enzymes with multidimensional industrial capabilities, so there are ample scopes to explore this treasure box for human welfare. Biological significance as well as industrially compatible capabilities can categorize these insect gut symbionts as an unexplored biotechnological aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Banerjee
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. B. N. Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Hatgobindapur, Burdwan, India.,Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
| | | | - Raj Narayan Roy
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. B. N. Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Hatgobindapur, Burdwan, India
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16
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Cui L, Guo Q, Wang X, Duffy KJ, Dai X. Midgut bacterial diversity of a leaf-mining beetle, Dactylispa xanthospila (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e62843. [PMID: 34012315 PMCID: PMC8128845 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e62843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play an essential role in the growth and development of numerous insect species. In this study, the total DNA from the midgut of adults of Dactylispaxanthospila were isolated and bacterial 16S rRNA sequenced using the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq platform. Then, the composition and diversity of the midgut bacterial community were analysed with QIIME2. The results showed the midgut bacteria of D.xanthospila belong to 30 phyla, 64 classes, 135 orders, 207 families and 369 genera. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria, accounting for 91.95%, 3.44% and 2.53%, respectively. The top five families are Enterobacteriaceae (69.51%), Caulobacteraceae (5.24%), Rhizobiaceae (4.61%), Sphingomonadaceae (4.23%) and Comamonadaceae (2.67%). The bacterial community's primary functions are carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and cofactor and vitamin metabolism, which are important for the nutritional requirements of plant-feeding insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Cui
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Xuexiong Wang
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Kevin Jan Duffy
- Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology Durban South Africa
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China.,National Navel-Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, China National Navel-Orange Engineering Research Center Ganzhou China
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17
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Guo S, Yang P, Liang B, Zhou F, Hou L, Kang L, Wang X. Aging features of the migratory locust at physiological and transcriptional levels. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:257. [PMID: 33838645 PMCID: PMC8037904 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-Drosophila insects provide diverse aging types and important complementary systems for studies of aging biology. However, little attention has been paid to the special roles of non-Drosophila insects in aging research. Here, the aging-related features of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, were determined at the physiological, cellular, and transcriptional levels. Results In physiological assessments, the flight performance and sperm state of locusts displayed clear aging-related decline in male adults. Transcriptional analyses demonstrated locusts have similar aging-related genes with model species. However, different from those of Drosophila and mammals, the organ-specific aging transcriptional features of locusts were characterized by intensive expression changes in flight muscle and fat body and little transcriptional changes in brain. The predominant transcriptional characteristics of flight muscle and fat body aging were changes in expression of mitochondrion-related genes and detoxification and phagocytosis genes, respectively. Cellular assessments revealed the incidence of mitochondrial abnormalities significantly increased in aged flight muscle, and apoptotic signals and nuclear abnormalities were enhanced in aged fat body but not in brain. In addition, some well-known aging genes and locust aging-related genes (i.e., IAP1, PGRP-SA, and LIPT1), whose roles in aging regulation were rarely reported, were demonstrated to affect lifespan, metabolism, and flight ability of locusts after RNAi. Conclusion This study revealed multi-level aging signatures of locust, thus laying a foundation for further investigation of aging mechanisms in this famous insect in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07585-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Wang JM, Bai J, Zheng FY, Ling Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhi YC, Li XJ. Diversity of the gut microbiome in three grasshopper species using 16S rRNA and determination of cellulose digestibility. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10194. [PMID: 33194406 PMCID: PMC7649011 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grasshoppers are typical phytophagous pests, and they have large appetites with high utilization of plants fibers, the digestion of which may depend on the microorganisms in their intestines. Grasshoppers have the potential to be utilized in bioreactors, which could improve straw utilization efficiency in the future. In this study, we describe the gut microbiome in three species of grasshoppers, Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii, by constructing a 16S rDNA gene library and analyzed the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in the grasshoppers by using moss black phenol colorimetry and anthrone colorimetry. Results There were 509,436 bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) detected in the guts of all the grasshoppers sampled. Among them, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most common, Aiolopus tamulus had the highest bacterial diversity, and Shirakiacris shirakii had the highest bacterial species richness. The intestinal microflora structure varied between the different species of grasshopper, with Aiolopus tamulus and Shirakiacris shirakii being the most similar. Meanwhile, the time at which grasshopper specimens were collected also led to changes in the intestinal microflora structure in the same species of grasshoppers. Klebsiella may form the core elements of the microflora in the grasshopper intestinal tract. The digestibility of cellulose/hemicellulose among the three species grasshoppers varied (38.01/24.99%, 43.95/17.21% and 44.12/47.62%). LEfSe analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients showed that the hemicellulosic digestibility of Shirakiacris shirakii was significantly higher than that of the other two species of grasshopper, which may be related to the presence of Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Glutamicibacter, Corynebacterium, and Brachybacterium in Shirakiacris shirakii intestinal tract. Conclusion The intestinal microbial communities of the three grasshoppers species are similar on phylum level, but the dominant genera of different species grasshoppers are different. The cellulose digestibility of the three species of grasshoppers is relatively high, which may be correlated with the presence of some gut microbiome. Increasing the understanding of the structure and function of the grasshopper intestinal microflora will facilitate further research and the utilization of intestinal microorganisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Ling
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yong-Chao Zhi
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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19
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Lavy O, Gophna U, Gefen E, Ayali A. Locust Bacterial Symbionts: An Update. INSECTS 2020; 11:E655. [PMID: 32987763 PMCID: PMC7598710 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As one of the world's most infamous agricultural pests, locusts have been subjected to many in-depth studies. Their ability at one end of their behavioral spectrum to live as solitary individuals under specific conditions, and at the other end of the spectrum to form swarms of biblical scale, has placed them at the focus of vast research efforts. One important aspect of locust ecology is that of their interactions with the bacteria that reside in and on them. Although this aspect of locust ecology has been little studied relative to the mainstream locust research, these bacteria have been shown both to affect locust immunity and to participate in maintaining swarm integrity through the secretion of attractant volatiles. The interaction between locusts and their bacteria seems, however, to be bi-directional, with the bacteria themselves, as recently shown, being influenced by their host's swarming tendencies. This seems to be a consequence of the bacterial composition in the locust's gut, reproductive organs, and integument undergoing change with the change in their host's behavior. In this review we describe the current state of knowledge of the locust-bacteria interactions (data exists mainly for the desert and the migratory locusts), as well as highlighting some newly-gained understanding; and offer perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Lavy
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Eran Gefen
- Department of Biology, University of Haifa–Oranim, Kiryat Tivon 3600600, Israel;
| | - Amir Ayali
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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The Tripartite Interaction of Host Immunity- Bacillus thuringiensis Infection-Gut Microbiota. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080514. [PMID: 32806491 PMCID: PMC7472377 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an important cosmopolitan bacterial entomopathogen, which produces various protein toxins that have been expressed in transgenic crops. The evolved molecular interaction between the insect immune system and gut microbiota is changed during the Bt infection process. The host immune response, such as the expression of induced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the melanization response, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), varies with different doses of Bt infection. Moreover, B. thuringiensis infection changes the abundance and structural composition of the intestinal bacteria community. The activated immune response, together with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, also has an important effect on Bt pathogenicity and insect resistance to Bt. In this review, we attempt to clarify this tripartite interaction of host immunity, Bt infection, and gut microbiota, especially the important role of key immune regulators and symbiotic bacteria in the Bt killing activity. Increasing the effectiveness of biocontrol agents by interfering with insect resistance and controlling symbiotic bacteria can be important steps for the successful application of microbial biopesticides.
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21
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Ma W, Zheng X, Li L, Shen J, Li W, Gao Y. Changes in the gut microbiota of honey bees associated with jujube flower disease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110616. [PMID: 32334202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees are prone to poisoning after collecting jujube nectar during the jujube flowering period ('honeybee's jujube flower disease'). To explore the mechanism of honeybee poisoning, the gut microbiota of honeybees undergoing the disease were characterised based on amplicon sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene. Our results showed that the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota were significantly altered in diseased honeybees. We observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and increased abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in the midgut and hindgut of diseased honeybees. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size revealed significantly selected enrichment of Fructobacillus and Snodgrassella in the midguts from diseased honeybees and Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Snodgrassella in the hindguts from diseased honeybees. Tax4Fun anylasis indicated that the functional potential of the diseased honeybee gut bacterial community was significantly changed relative to the healthy honeybee. Carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotides metabolism, amino acid synthesis metabolism, coenzyme and vitamins metabolism were increased, while energy metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism were decreased in the diseased honeybees. These results provide a new perspective for evaluating the response of honeybees to jujube flower disease based on changes in the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiHua Ma
- Institute of Horticulture, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xianyun Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lixin Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinshan Shen
- Institute of Horticulture, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wanghong Li
- School of Physical Exercise and Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ye Gao
- School of Physical Exercise and Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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22
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Ramalho MDO, Martins C, Morini MSC, Bueno OC. What Can the Bacterial Community of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) Tell Us about the Habitats in Which This Ant Species Evolves? INSECTS 2020; 11:E332. [PMID: 32481532 PMCID: PMC7349130 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of bacterial communities can reveal the evolutionary significance of symbiotic interactions between hosts and their associated bacteria, as well as identify environmental factors that may influence host biology. Atta sexdens is an ant species native to Brazil that can act as an agricultural pest due to its intense behavior of cutting plants. Despite being extensively studied, certain aspects of the general biology of this species remain unclear, such as the evolutionary implications of the symbiotic relationships it forms with bacteria. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, we compared for the first time the bacterial community of A. sexdens (whole ant workers) populations according to the habitat (natural versus agricultural) and geographical location. Our results revealed that the bacterial community associated with A. sexdens is mainly influenced by the geographical location, and secondarily by the differences in habitat. Also, the bacterial community associated with citrus differed significantly from the other communities due to the presence of Tsukamurella. In conclusion, our study suggests that environmental shifts may influence the bacterial diversity found in A. sexdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela de Oliveira Ramalho
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 129 Garden Ave, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Cintia Martins
- Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, Piauí 64202-020, Brazil;
| | - Maria Santina Castro Morini
- Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil;
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil;
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Galal FH, Seufi AM. Molecular characterization of cultivable bacteria associated with adult Schistocerca gregaria, using 16S rRNA. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1760537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H. Galal
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, KSA
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - AlaaEddeen M. Seufi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Common First Year, Jouf University, Sakaka, KSA
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Cassone BJ, Grove HC, Elebute O, Villanueva SMP, LeMoine CMR. Role of the intestinal microbiome in low-density polyethylene degradation by caterpillar larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200112. [PMID: 32126962 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a few insects, including the caterpillar larva of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, have been identified as avid 'plastivores'. These caterpillars are able to ingest and metabolize polyethylene at unprecedented rates. While it appears that G. mellonella plays an important role in the biodegradation process, the contribution of its intestinal microbiome remains poorly understood and contested. In a series of experiments, we present strong evidence of an intricate relationship between an intact microbiome, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) biodegradation and the production of glycol as a metabolic by-product. First, we biochemically confirmed that G. mellonella larvae consume and metabolize LDPE, as individual caterpillars fed on polyethylene excreted glycol, but those excretions were reduced by antibiotic treatment. Further, while the gut bacterial communities remained relatively stable regardless of diet, we showed that during the early phases of feeding on LDPE (24-72 h), caterpillars exhibited increased microbial abundance relative to those starved or fed on their natural honeycomb diet. Finally, by isolating and growing gut bacteria with polyethylene as their exclusive carbon source for over 1 year, we identified microorganisms in the genus Acinetobacter that appeared to be involved in this biodegradation process. Taken collectively, our study indicates that during short-term exposure, the intestinal microbiome of G. mellonella is intricately associated with polyethylene biodegradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada R78 6A9
| | - Harald C Grove
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada R78 6A9
| | - Oluwadara Elebute
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada R78 6A9
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25
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Zhu L, Qi S, Xue X, Niu X, Wu L. Nitenpyram disturbs gut microbiota and influences metabolic homeostasis and immunity in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113671. [PMID: 31855676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, environmental risk and toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to honey bees have attracted extensive attention. However, toxicological understanding of neonicotinoid insecticides on gut microbiota is limited. In the present study, honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were exposed to a series of nitenpyram for 14 days. Results indicated that nitenpyram exposure decreased the survival and food consumption of honey bees. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that nitenpyram caused significant alterations in the relative abundance of several key gut microbiotas, which contribute to metabolic homeostasis and immunity. Using high-throughput RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis, we identified a total of 526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significantly altered between nitenpyram-treated and control honey bee gut, including several genes related to metabolic, detoxification and immunity. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed nitenpyram affected several biological processes, of which most were related to metabolism. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in honey bee caused by nitenpyram may influence metabolic homeostasis and immunity of bees, and further decrease food consumption and survival of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Niu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Nakazawa
- Dept of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung Univ. No.1, University Road Tainan City 701 Taiwan
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27
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Ayali A. The puzzle of locust density-dependent phase polyphenism. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:41-47. [PMID: 31326696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Locust density-dependent phase polyphenism presents a quintessential example of environmentally induced plasticity. Almost a century of research has yielded ample knowledge regarding the multitude of ecological, physiological, and molecular phase-dependent characteristics. This short review highlights the considerable advances that have been made in our understanding of the locust's extreme plasticity and the highly complex nature of the phase phenomenon. Several challenges in locust research resulting from this unique complexity are also presented. It is concluded that the joint, interdisciplinary collaborative efforts, already underway, hold the promise of translating our ample knowledge into a complete solution to untangling the locust phase puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ayali
- The School of Zoology and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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28
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Meng L, Li X, Cheng X, Zhang H. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Reveals a Shift in the Microbiota of Diaphorina citri During the Psyllid Life Cycle. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1948. [PMID: 31507561 PMCID: PMC6716071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is a major pest of citrus trees as it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The composition of a host’s microbiota can affect the evolution and ecological distribution of the host. This study monitored the compositional shifts in the citrus psyllid microbiota through all the life stages (egg, nymph 1–5 stages, and adult) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative real-time PCR. There were clear differences in both α- and β-diversity of microbiota through the psyllid life stages. Microbiota diversity was markedly higher in the nymph 2–5 stages than in the adult, egg, and nymph 1 stages. Proteobacteria were dominant in all the life stages of D. citri, representing >97.5% of the total bacterial community, and Candidatus Profftella armature was the dominant genus in all the life stages. Data from the qPCR analysis showed an exponential increase in the populations of three D. citri endosymbionts: Candidatus Profftella armature, Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, and Wolbachia. The gut bacterium Pantoea was present in all the life stages, but it was markedly higher in the nymph 2–5 stages. The microbiota composition substantially differed among the egg–nymph 1, nymphs 2–5, and adult stages. Therefore, we successfully characterized the microbiota dynamics and thus identified a microbiota shift during the life cycle of D. citri by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggested that D. citri acquired the ability to bear CLas in the nymph 1 stage. This study enhances our understanding of microbial establishment in the developing D. citri and provides a reference resource for the identification of potential biocontrol approaches against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Plant Science and Technology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Plant Science and Technology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Plant Science and Technology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Plant Science and Technology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Zhang JH, Yu N, Xu XX, Liu ZW. Community structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling of microbiome existing in fat body and ovary of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:683-694. [PMID: 29425401 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbionts play vital roles in growth, development and reproduction in insects. Yeast-like endosymbionts (YLSs) have been well studied in Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens), but little is known about the tissue-specific bacterial microbiomes, especially on the microbial intersection among internal tissues. Here, the correlation of microbial composition, structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling were illuminated in two tissues, the fat body and ovary in N. lugens. A total of 11 phyla and 105 genera were captured from all samples; Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most predominant and accounted for more than 99% in all samples. However, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was significantly different in ovary and fat body through Fisher's Least Significant Difference test. Microbial diversity but not the richness index in the two tissues exhibited significant difference. Furthermore, the microbial community structure of the ovary and fat body were primarily determined by tissue quality. Firmicutes showed strong dispersal ability between ovary and fat body based on the quantitative null model assessing, indicating the frequent interaction of these microbiomes in the two tissues. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of microbial participation were delineated. The ten most abundant pathways counted for over 46% of the annotation and were shared between the two tissues, mainly containing Energy Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism/Biosynthesis. The results will provide insights into the correlation of microbial community structure between ovary and fat body of N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Xia Xu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Wen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Harish ER, ManiChellappan, MakeshKumar T, Mathew D, Ranjith MT, Girija D. Next-generation sequencing reveals endosymbiont variability in cassava whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, across the agro-ecological zones of Kerala, India. Genome 2019; 62:571-584. [PMID: 31283888 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most notorious invasive insect pests, infesting more than 900 species of plants and spreading more than 200 viral diseases. This polyphagous agricultural pest harbours diverse bacterial communities in its gut, which perform multiple functions in whiteflies, including nutrient provisioning, amino acid biosynthesis, and virus transmission. The present exploratory study compares the bacterial communities associated with silverleaf whitefly infesting cassava, also known as cassava whitefly, collected from two different zones (zone P: plains; zone H: high ranges), from Kerala, India, using next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA. The data sets for these two regions consisted of 1 321 906 and 690 661 high-quality paired-end sequences with mean length of 150 bp. Highly diverse bacterial communities were present in the sample, containing approximately 3513 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Sequence analysis showed a marked difference in the relative abundance of bacteria in the populations. A total of 16 bacterial phyla, 27 classes, 56 orders, 91 families, 236 genera, and 409 species were identified from the P population, against 16, 31, 60, 88, 225, and 355, respectively, in the H population. Arsenophonus sp. (Enterobacteriaceae), which is important for virus transmission by whiteflies, was relatively abundant in the P population, whereas in the H population Bacillus sp. was the most dominant group. The association of whitefly biotypes and secondary symbionts suggests a possible contribution of these bacteria to host characteristics such as virus transmission, host range, insecticide resistance, and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Harish
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 017, India
| | - ManiChellappan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, India
| | - T MakeshKumar
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 017, India
| | - Deepu Mathew
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, India
| | - M T Ranjith
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, India
| | - D Girija
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, India
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31
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Ali H, Muhammad A, Sanda NB, Huang Y, Hou Y. Pyrosequencing Uncovers a Shift in Bacterial Communities Across Life Stages of Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:466. [PMID: 30930872 PMCID: PMC6424052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts of insects affect a wide array of host traits including fitness and immunity. Octodonta nipae (Maulik), commonly known as hispid leaf beetle is a destructive palm pest around the world. Understanding the dynamics of microbiota is essential to unravel the complex interplay between O. nipae and its bacterial symbionts. In this study, bacterial 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was targeted to decipher the diversity and dynamics of bacterial symbionts across different life stages [eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult (male and female)] and reproductive organs (ovaries and testis) of O. nipae. Clustering analysis at ≥97% similarity threshold produced 3,959 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that belonged to nine different phyla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes represented the bulk of taxa that underwent notable changes during metamorphosis. Enterobacteriaceae and Dermabacteraceae were the most abundant families in immature stages (eggs, larvae, and pupae), while Anaplasmataceae family was dominated in adults (male and female) and reproductive organs (ovaries and testis). The genus Serratia and Lactococcus were most abundant in eggs, whereas Pantoea and Brachybacterium represented the bulk of larvae and pupae microbiota. Interestingly the genus Wolbachia found positive to all tested samples and was recorded extremely high (>64%) in the adults and reproductive organs. The bacteria varied across the developmental stages and responsible for various metabolic activities. Selection choice exerted by the insect host as a result of its age or developmental stage could be the main reason to ascertain the shift in the bacteria populations. Maternally inherited Wolbachia was found to be an obligate endosymbiont infecting all tested life stages, body parts, and tissues. These outcomes foster our understanding of the intricate associations between bacteria and O. nipae and will incorporate in devising novel pest control strategies against this palm pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nafiu Bala Sanda
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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32
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Nesvorna M, Bittner V, Hubert J. The Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae Hosts Population-Specific Microbiomes That Respond Weakly to Starvation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:488-501. [PMID: 29967922 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of short-term nutrient deprivation was studied in five populations of the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae with different microbiomes. The fresh weight, nutrient status, respiration, and population growth of the mites were observed for the five mite population-scale samples. The starvation caused the larvae and nymphs to be eliminated, resulting in a significant increase in the fresh weight of starved adult specimens. Three populations were negatively influenced by starvation, and the starved specimens were characterized by a decrease in nutrient status, respiration, and population growth. One population was not influenced or was slightly influenced by starvation, which had no effect on population growth or nutrient contents but caused a significant decrease in respiration. One population was positively influenced by starvation; the population growth increased in starved specimens, and starvation had no effect on respiration. Although starvation altered the bacterial profiles of the microbiomes, these differences were much smaller than those between the populations. The bacterial profiles of Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Kocuria, Brevibacterium, and unidentified Micrococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae increased in starved specimens, whereas those of Bartonella and Solitalea-like genera were reduced in the starved mite populations. The profiles of the intracellular symbiont Cardinium decreased in the starved specimens, and the Wolbachia profile changes were dependent on the mite population. In mite populations, when the symbionts were rare, their profiles varied stochastically. Correlations between changes in the profiles of the bacterial taxa and mite fitness parameters, including nutrient status (lipids, proteins, saccharides, and glycogen contents), mite population growth, and respiration, were observed. Although the microbiomes were resistant to the perturbations caused by nutrition deficiency, the responses of the mites differed in terms of their population growth, respiration, and nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nesvorna
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Bittner
- Department of Mathematics and Didactics of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Voronezska 1329/13, CZ-460 01, Liberec, Czechia
| | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia.
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Lavy O, Gophna U, Gefen E, Ayali A. The Effect of Density-Dependent Phase on the Locust Gut Bacterial Composition. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3020. [PMID: 30713526 PMCID: PMC6345702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The desert locust demonstrates density-dependent phase polyphenism: For extended periods it appears in a non-aggregating, non-migrating phenotype, known as the solitary phase. When circumstances change, solitary individuals may aggregate and transform to the gregarious phenotype, which have a strong propensity for generating large swarms. Previous reports have suggested a role for gut-bacteria derived volatiles in the swarming phenomenon, and suggested that locusts are capable of manipulating their gut microbiome according to their density-dependent phases. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis for the first time. Using locusts of both phases from well-controlled laboratory cultures as well as gregarious field-collected individuals; and high-throughput sequencing. We characterized the hindgut bacterial community composition in the two phases of the desert locust. Our findings demonstrate that laboratory-reared gregarious and solitary locusts maintain a stable core of Enterobacter. However, while different generations of gregarious locust experience shifts in their Enterobacter’s relative abundance; the solitary locusts maintain a stable gut microbiome, highly similar to that of the field-collected locusts. Tentative phase differences in wild populations’ microbiome may thus be an indirect effect of environmental or other factors that push the swarming individuals to homogenous gut bacteria. We therefore conclude that there are phase-related differences in the population dynamics of the locust hindgut bacterial composition, but there is no intrinsic density-dependent mechanism directly affecting the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Lavy
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Gefen
- Department of Biology, University of Haifa - Oranim, Kiryat Tivon, Israel
| | - Amir Ayali
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Liu SH, Chen Y, Li W, Tang GH, Yang Y, Jiang HB, Dou W, Wang JJ. Diversity of Bacterial Communities in the Intestinal Tracts of Two Geographically Distant Populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2861-2868. [PMID: 30107431 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests and hosts diverse intestinal bacterial communities. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial communities associated with the intestines of females and males from two B. dorsalis populations collected from Hainan and Guizhou Provinces of China. A total of 260,615 high-quality 16S rRNA gene reads with an average length of 253 bp were obtained. Highly diverse bacterial communities were observed across individuals, with communities containing between 691 and 1,262 bacterial operational taxonomic units. In addition, 37 bacterial phyla, 65 classes, 130 orders, 198 families, 201 genera, and 70 annotated species were identified, wherein the Proteobacteria were the most dominant phylum among all of the libraries, followed by the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Bacterial community composition varied by host sex and geographic location of the populations. Female gut communities comprised fewer bacterial families than males, and females had lower relative abundances of 33 of the 35 most abundant families. In addition, female gut communities harbored greater abundances of Enterobacteriaceae than males. The Hainan population gut communities contained fewer bacterial families than those of the Guizhou populations. However, 5 of the 35 most abundant families were more abundant in communities from the Hainan population than those of the Guizhou population. The results of this study help us better understand the importance of symbiotic bacteria in B. dorsalis and provide a foundation for assessing the use of gut microorganisms as bio-control agents for these serious pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Huo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Boucias DG, Zhou Y, Huang S, Keyhani NO. Microbiota in insect fungal pathology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5873-5888. [PMID: 29802479 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the biochemical and genetic characterization of the host-pathogen interaction mediated by insect pathogenic fungi, with the most widely studied being the Ascomycetes (Hypocrealean) fungi, Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. However, few studies have examined the consequences and effects of host (insect) microbes, whether compatible or antagonistic, on the development and survival of entomopathogenic fungi. Host microbes can act on the insect cuticular surface, within the gut, in specialized insect microbe hosting structures, and within cells, and they include a wide array of facultative and/or obligate exosymbionts and endosymbionts. The insect microbiome differs across developmental stages and in response to nutrition (e.g., different plant hosts for herbivores) and environmental conditions, including exposure to chemical insecticides. Here, we review recent advances indicating that insect-pathogenic fungi have evolved a spectrum of strategies for exploiting or suppressing host microbes, including the production of antimicrobial compounds that are expressed at discrete stages of the infection process. Conversely, there is increasing evidence that some insects have acquired microbes that may be specialized in the production of antifungal compounds to combat infection by (entomopathogenic) fungi. Consideration of the insect microbiome in fungal insect pathology represents a new frontier that can help explain previously obscure ecological and pathological aspects of the biology of entomopathogenic fungi. Such information may lead to novel approaches to improving the efficacy of these organisms in pest control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drion G Boucias
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Omatsu T, Omura M, Katayama Y, Kimura T, Okumura M, Okumura A, Murata Y, Mizutani T. Molecular diversity of the faecal microbiota of Toy Poodles in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:749-754. [PMID: 29643280 PMCID: PMC5989017 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota was revealed with the recent advances in molecular techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing analysis. As a result, the microbial changes are thought to
influence the health of humans and animals and such changes are affected by several factors including diet, genetics, age, sex, and diseases. Similar studies are being conducted in dogs, and
the knowledge of intestinal microbiota in dogs is expanding. Nonetheless, basic information on intestinal microbiota in dogs is less than that of humans. Our aim was to study toy poodles
(n=21), a popular companion dog, in terms of basic characteristics of the faecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene barcoding analysis. In the faecal microbiota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes,
Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla (over 93.4% of faecal microbiota) regardless of the attributes of the dogs. In family level, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and
Lachnospiraceae were most prevalent. In case of a dog with protein-losing enteropathy, the diversity of faecal microbiota was different between before and after treatment. This study
provides basic information for studying on faecal microbiota in toy poodles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miki Omura
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Minami Koganei Animal Hospital, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-0014, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Minami Koganei Animal Hospital, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-0014, Japan
| | - Maho Okumura
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia PA 19104, U.S.A
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A
| | - Yoshiteru Murata
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Murata Animal Hospital, Mobara-shi, Chiba 299-4114, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Bapatla KG, Singh A, Yeddula S, Patil RH. Annotation of gut bacterial taxonomic and functional diversity in Spodoptera litura and Spilosoma obliqua. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:217-226. [PMID: 29380873 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The insect gut has been the house of many taxonomically and physiologically diverse groups of microbial colonizers as symbionts and commensals, which are evolving to support the physiological requirement of insects. Lepidoptera is one of the important family of class hexapoda, comprising agriculture insect pest Spodoptera litura and Spilosoma obliqua. Information on gut microbiota and their functional role in these insects was meager to elucidate the wide-ranging survivalist mechanisms. In this context, we analyzed the composition, diversity and functional role of gut bacteria in S. litura and S. obliqua collected from soybean and sunflower crops, respectively, using Next Generation Sequencing of 16S rRNA. A total of 3427 and 206 Operation Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified in S. litura and S. obliqua gut metagenome, respectively. Highest number of sequences were annotated to unclassified bacteria (34%), followed by Proteobacteria (27%), and Chlorobi (14%) in S. litura, while S. obliqua has significant representation of Firmicutes (48%), followed by Bacteroidetes (20%), and unclassified bacteria (11%). Functionality of both metagenomes revealed, high abundance of ammonia oxidizers (20.1 58.0%) followed by relative abundance of detoxifying processes - dehalogenation (17.4-41.2%) and aromatic hydrocarbons degradation (1.1-3.1%). This study highlights the significance of the inherent microbiome of two defoliators in shaping the metagenome for nutrition and detoxifying the chemical molecules, and opens an avenue for exploring role of insect gut bacteria in host selection, metabolic endurance of insecticides and synergistic or agonistic mechanisms inside gut of insects feeding on insect-resistant biotech crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran G Bapatla
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Arjun Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srujana Yeddula
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Ramalho MO, Bueno OC, Moreau CS. Species-specific signatures of the microbiome from Camponotus and Colobopsis ants across developmental stages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187461. [PMID: 29166404 PMCID: PMC5699820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships between hosts and bacteria are common in nature, and these may be responsible for the evolutionary success of various groups of animals. Among ants, these associations have been well studied in some genera of the Camponotini, but several questions remain regarding the generality of the previous findings across all the members of this ant tribe and if bacterial communities change across development in these hosts. This study is the first to characterize the bacterial community associated with a colony of the recently recognized genus Colobopsis and three colonies of Camponotus (two distinct species) and show how different the composition of the bacterial community is when compared across the different genera. Our data reveal that Colobopsis (species: Co. riehlii) and Camponotus (species: Ca. floridanus and Ca. planatus) have distinct microbiota, and we were able to verify that the identity of the species contributes more to the bacterial diversity. We also demonstrated that there were no significant differences between colonies of the same species (Camponotus planatus), and between stages of development from different colonies. We did find that some developmental stages have distinct bacteria, confirming that each stage of development could have a specific microbiota. Our results show species are one of the factors that shape the bacterial community in these Camponotini ants. Additional studies of the intra-colonial microbiome of other hosts and across development may reveal additional clues about the function and importance of bacteria in colony recognition, individual and colony health, and nutritional upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira Ramalho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP–Instituto de Biociências—Campus Rio Claro, Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Bela Vista, Rio Claro-SP, Brasil
- Field Museum of Natural History, Department of Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Odair Correa Bueno
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP–Instituto de Biociências—Campus Rio Claro, Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Bela Vista, Rio Claro-SP, Brasil
| | - Corrie Saux Moreau
- Field Museum of Natural History, Department of Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Effect of post-harvest starvation and rinsing on the microbial numbers and the bacterial community composition of mealworm larvae ( Tenebrio molitor ). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Muturi EJ, Ramirez JL, Rooney AP, Kim CH. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota of mosquito communities in central Illinois. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005377. [PMID: 28245239 PMCID: PMC5345876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The composition and structure of microbial communities that inhabit the mosquito midguts are poorly understood despite their well-documented potential to impede pathogen transmission. Methodology/Principal findings We used MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial communities of field-collected populations of 12 mosquito species. After quality filtering and rarefaction, the remaining sequences were assigned to 181 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Approximately 58% of these OTUs occurred in at least two mosquito species but only three OTUs: Gluconobacter (OTU 1), Propionibacterium (OTU 9), and Staphylococcus (OTU 31) occurred in all 12 mosquito species. Individuals of different mosquito species shared similar gut microbiota and it was common for individuals of the same species from the same study site and collection date to harbor different gut microbiota. On average, the microbiota of Aedes albopictus was the least diverse and significantly less even compared to Anopheles crucians, An. quadrimaculatus, Ae. triseriatus, Ae. vexans, Ae. japonicus, Culex restuans, and Culiseta inornata. The microbial community of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus differed significantly from all other mosquitoes species and was primarily driven by the dominance of Wolbachia. Conclusion and significance These findings expand the range of mosquito species whose gut microbiota has been characterized and sets the foundation for further studies to determine the influence of these microbiota on vector susceptibility to pathogens. The microbial communities that reside in mosquito midguts can impact transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. We used high throughput next generation sequencing to characterize the midgut microbial communities of 12 mosquito species collected in urban residential areas in Champaign County, Illinois. A total of 181 OTUs from 11 phyla and 66 families were identified. Although several bacterial taxa were shared between two or more mosquito species, there was remarkable individual differences in gut microbiota and it was common for individuals of different mosquito species to harbor similar gut microbiota. The microbiota of Ae. albopictus was the least diverse and significantly less evenly distributed compared to 7 of 11 mosquito species. The microbial community of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus differed significantly from other mosquito species and was primarily dominated by Wolbachia. These findings improve current knowledge on the composition and structure of mosquito gut microbiota and provide the framework for understanding their contribution to individual variation in vector competence and potential application in disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus J. Muturi
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Jose L. Ramirez
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL United States of America
| | - Alejandro P. Rooney
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL United States of America
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign IL. United States of America
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Caragata EP, Rezende FO, Simões TC, Moreira LA. Diet-Induced Nutritional Stress and Pathogen Interference in Wolbachia-Infected Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005158. [PMID: 27893736 PMCID: PMC5125575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogen interference phenotype greatly restricts infection with dengue virus (DENV) and other pathogens in Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti, and is a vital component of Wolbachia-based mosquito control. Critically, the phenotype's causal mechanism is complex and poorly understood, with recent evidence suggesting that the cause may be species specific. To better understand this important phenotype, we investigated the role of diet-induced nutritional stress on interference against DENV and the avian malarial parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum in Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti, and on physiological processes linked to the phenotype. Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes were fed one of four different concentrations of sucrose, and then challenged with either P. gallinaceum or DENV. Interference against P. gallinaceum was significantly weakened by the change in diet however there was no effect on DENV interference. Immune gene expression and H2O2 levels have previously been linked to pathogen interference. These traits were assayed for mosquitoes on each diet using RT-qPCR and the Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit, and it was observed that the change in diet did not significantly affect immune expression, but low carbohydrate levels led to a loss of ROS induction in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. Our data suggest that host nutrition may not influence DENV interference for Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, but Plasmodium interference may be linked to both nutrition and oxidative stress. This pathogen-specific response to nutritional change highlights the complex nature of interactions between Wolbachia and pathogens in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pearce Caragata
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Rezende
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taynãna César Simões
- Serviço de Apoio a Métodos Quantitativos, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Andrade Moreira
- Grupo Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno Vetor, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou—Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Clanton R, Saucier D, Ford J, Akabani G. Microbial influences on hormesis, oncogenesis, and therapy: A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:239-256. [PMID: 26183884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of environmental stimuli for growth is the main factor contributing to the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, independently and mutualistically. Epigenetics describes an organism's ability to vary expression of certain genes based on their environmental stimuli. The diverse degree of dose-dependent responses based on their variances in expressed genetic profiles makes it difficult to ascertain whether hormesis or oncogenesis has or is occurring. In the medical field this is shown where survival curves used in determining radiotherapeutic doses have substantial uncertainties, some as large as 50% (Barendsen, 1990). Many in-vitro radiobiological studies have been limited by not taking into consideration the innate presence of microbes in biological systems, which have either grown symbiotically or pathogenically. Present in-vitro studies neglect to take into consideration the varied responses that commensal and opportunistic pathogens will have when exposed to the same stimuli and how such responses could act as stimuli for their macro/microenvironment. As a result many theories such as radiation carcinogenesis explain microscopic events but fail to describe macroscopic events (Cohen, 1995). As such, this review shows how microorganisms have the ability to perturb risks of cancer and enhance hormesis after irradiation. It will also look at bacterial significance in the microenvironment of the tumor before and during treatment. In addition, bacterial systemic communication after irradiation and the host's immune responses to infection could explain many of the phenomena associated with bystander effects. Therefore, the present literature review considers the paradigms of hormesis and oncogenesis in order to find a rationale that ties them all together. This relationship was thus characterized to be the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Clanton
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Saucier
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John Ford
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gamal Akabani
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Callens M, Macke E, Muylaert K, Bossier P, Lievens B, Waud M, Decaestecker E. Food availability affects the strength of mutualistic host-microbiota interactions in Daphnia magna. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 10:911-20. [PMID: 26405832 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic gut microbial community is generally known to have a strong impact on the fitness of its host. Nevertheless, it is less clear how the impact of symbiotic interactions on the hosts' fitness varies according to environmental circumstances such as changes in the diet. This study aims to get a better understanding of host-microbiota interactions under different levels of food availability. We conducted experiments with the invertebrate, experimental model organism Daphnia magna and compared growth, survival and reproduction of conventionalized symbiotic Daphnia with germ-free individuals given varying quantities of food. Our experiments revealed that the relative importance of the microbiota for the hosts' fitness varied according to dietary conditions. The presence of the microbiota had strong positive effects on Daphnia when food was sufficient or abundant, but had weaker effects under food limitation. Our results indicate that the microbiota can be a potentially important factor in determining host responses to changes in dietary conditions. Characterization of the host-associated microbiota further showed that Aeromonas sp. was the most prevalent taxon in the digestive tract of Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Callens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Science & Technology, KULeuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Emilie Macke
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Science & Technology, KULeuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Science & Technology, KULeuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, UGent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KULeuven Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Michael Waud
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KULeuven Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Science & Technology, KULeuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Bolaños LM, Rosenblueth M, Castillo-Ramírez S, Figuier-Huttin G, Martínez-Romero E. Species-specific diversity of novel bacterial lineages and differential abundance of predicted pathways for toxic compound degradation in scorpion gut microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:1364-78. [PMID: 26058415 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Scorpions are considered 'living fossils' that have conserved ancestral anatomical features and have adapted to numerous habitats. However, their gut microbiota diversity has not been studied. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of two scorpion species, Vaejovis smithi and Centruroides limpidus. Our results indicate that scorpion gut microbiota is species-specific and that food deprivation reduces bacterial diversity. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis revealed novel bacterial lineages showing a low level of sequence identity to any known bacteria. Furthermore, these novel bacterial lineages were each restricted to a different scorpion species. Additionally, our results of the predicted metagenomic profiles revealed a core set of pathways that were highly abundant in both species, and mostly related to amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin and cofactor metabolism. Notably, the food-deprived V. smithi shotgun metagenome matched almost completely the metabolic features of the prediction. Finally, comparisons among predicted metagenomic profiles showed that toxic compound degradation pathways were more abundant in recently captured C. limpidus scorpions. This study gives a first insight into the scorpion gut microbiota and provides a reference for future studies on the gut microbiota from other arachnid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Bolaños
- Programa de Ecología Genómica y, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Programa de Ecología Genómica y, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Gilles Figuier-Huttin
- Programa de Ecología Genómica y, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica y, Centro de Ciencias Génomicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, México
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Gumiel M, da Mota FF, Rizzo VDS, Sarquis O, de Castro DP, Lima MM, Garcia EDS, Carels N, Azambuja P. Characterization of the microbiota in the guts of Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata infected by Trypanosoma cruzi in natural conditions using culture independent methods. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:245. [PMID: 25903360 PMCID: PMC4429471 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by triatomine vectors. The northeastern region of Brazil is endemic for Chagas disease and has the largest diversity of triatomine species. T. cruzi development in its triatomine vector depends on diverse factors, including the composition of bacterial gut microbiota. Methods We characterized the triatomines captured in the municipality of Russas (Ceará) by sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The composition of the bacterial community in the gut of peridomestic Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata was investigated using culture independent methods based on the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), DNA fragment cloning, Sanger sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing. Additionally, we identified TcI and TcII types of T. cruzi by sequencing amplicons from the gut metagenomic DNA with primers for the mini-exon gene. Results Triatomines collected in the peridomestic ecotopes were diagnosed as T. pseudomaculata and T. brasiliensis by comparing their COI sequence with GenBank. The rate of infection by T. cruzi in adult triatomines reached 80% for T. pseudomaculata and 90% for T. brasiliensis. According to the DNA sequences from the DGGE bands, the triatomine gut microbiota was primarily composed of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. However, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were also detected, although in much lower proportions. Serratia was the main genus, as it was encountered in all samples analyzed by DGGE and 454 pyrosequencing. Members of Corynebacterinae, a suborder of the Actinomycetales, formed the next most important group. The cloning and sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA genes confirmed the presence of Serratia marcescens, Dietzia sp., Gordonia terrae, Corynebacterium stationis and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Conclusions The study of the bacterial microbiota in the triatomine gut has gained increased attention because of the possible role it may play in the epidemiology of Chagas disease by competing with T. cruzi. Culture independent methods have shown that the bacterial composition of the microbiota in the guts of peridomestic triatomines is made up by only few bacterial species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0836-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gumiel
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Faria da Mota
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa de Sousa Rizzo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Otília Sarquis
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Pereira de Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marli Maria Lima
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Eloi de Souza Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Neglected Diseases (INCT-IDN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Azambuja
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Departamento de Entomologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Kapheim KM, Rao VD, Yeoman CJ, Wilson BA, White BA, Goldenfeld N, Robinson GE. Caste-specific differences in hindgut microbial communities of honey bees (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123911. [PMID: 25874551 PMCID: PMC4398325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-symbiont dynamics are known to influence host phenotype, but their role in social behavior has yet to be investigated. Variation in life history across honey bee (Apis mellifera) castes may influence community composition of gut symbionts, which may in turn influence caste phenotypes. We investigated the relationship between host-symbiont dynamics and social behavior by characterizing the hindgut microbiome among distinct honey bee castes: queens, males and two types of workers, nurses and foragers. Despite a shared hive environment and mouth-to-mouth food transfer among nestmates, we detected separation among gut microbiomes of queens, workers, and males. Gut microbiomes of nurses and foragers were similar to previously characterized honey bee worker microbiomes and to each other, despite differences in diet, activity, and exposure to the external environment. Queen microbiomes were enriched for bacteria that may enhance metabolic conversion of energy from food to egg production. We propose that the two types of workers, which have the highest diversity of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria, are central to the maintenance of the colony microbiome. Foragers may introduce new strains of bacteria to the colony from the environment and transfer them to nurses, who filter and distribute them to the rest of the colony. Our results support the idea that host-symbiont dynamics influence microbiome composition and, reciprocally, host social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Kapheim
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Entomology, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Biology, 5305 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341 United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vikyath D. Rao
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Physics, 1110 W. Green St., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
| | - Carl J. Yeoman
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, P.O. Box 172900, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America
| | - Brenda A. Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
| | - Bryan A. White
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
| | - Nigel Goldenfeld
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Physics, 1110 W. Green St., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
| | - Gene E. Robinson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 W. Gregory Dr., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
- Department of Entomology, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 United States of America
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Diehl JMC, Körner M, Pietsch M, Meunier J. Feces production as a form of social immunity in an insect with facultative maternal care. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:40. [PMID: 25888183 PMCID: PMC4408575 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social animals have the unique capability of mounting social defenses against pathogens. Over the last decades, social immunity has been extensively studied in species with obligatory and permanent forms of social life. However, its occurrence in less derived social systems and thus its role in the early evolution of group-living remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether lining nests with feces is a form of social immunity against microbial growth in the European earwig Forficula auricularia, an insect with temporary family life and facultative maternal care. Results Using a total of 415 inhibition zone assays, we showed that earwig feces inhibit the growth of two GRAM+ bacteria, two fungi, but not of a GRAM- bacteria. These inhibitions did not result from the consumed food or the nesting environment. We then demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity against fungus was higher in offspring than maternal feces, but that this difference was absent against bacteria. Finally, we showed that family interactions inhibited the antibacterial activity of maternal feces against one of the two GRAM+ bacteria, whereas it had no effect on the one of nymphal feces. By contrast, antifungal activities of the feces were independent of mother-offspring interactions. Conclusion These results demonstrate that social immunity occurs in a species with simple and facultative social life, and thus shed light on the general importance of this process in the evolution of group-living. These results also emphasize that defecation can be under selection for other life-history traits than simple waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina M C Diehl
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Körner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Michael Pietsch
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Joël Meunier
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Pérez-Cobas AE, Maiques E, Angelova A, Carrasco P, Moya A, Latorre A. Diet shapes the gut microbiota of the omnivorous cockroach Blattella germanica. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv022. [PMID: 25764470 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of insects contributes positively to the physiology of its host mainly by participating in food digestion, protecting against pathogens, or provisioning vitamins or amino acids, but the dynamics of this complex ecosystem is not well understood so far. In this study, we have characterized the gut microbiota of the omnivorous cockroach Blattella germanica by pyrosequencing the hypervariable regions V1-V3 of the 16S rRNA gene of the whole bacterial community. Three diets differing in the protein content (0, 24 and 50%) were tested at two time points in lab-reared individuals. In addition, the gut microbiota of wild adult cockroaches was also analyzed. In contrast to the high microbial richness described on the studied samples, only few species are shared by wild and lab-reared cockroaches, constituting the bacterial core in the gut of B. germanica. Overall, we found that the gut microbiota of B. germanica is highly dynamic as the bacterial composition was reassembled in a diet-specific manner over a short time span, with no-protein diet promoting high diversity, although the highest diversity was found in the wild cockroaches analyzed. We discuss how the flexibility of the gut microbiota is probably due to its omnivorous life style and varied diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Maiques
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Angelova
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Purificación Carrasco
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kohl KD, Amaya J, Passement CA, Dearing MD, McCue MD. Unique and shared responses of the gut microbiota to prolonged fasting: a comparative study across five classes of vertebrate hosts. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:883-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Kohl
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - James Amaya
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. Mary's University; San Antonio TX USA
| | | | | | - Marshall D. McCue
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. Mary's University; San Antonio TX USA
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Bacterial communities in the gut and reproductive organs of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on 454 pyrosequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106988. [PMID: 25215866 PMCID: PMC4162550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrus fruit fly Bactrocera minax is associated with diverse bacterial communities. We used a 454 pyrosequencing technology to study in depth the microbial communities associated with gut and reproductive organs of Bactrocera minax. Our dataset consisted of 100,749 reads with an average length of 400 bp. The saturated rarefaction curves and species richness indices indicate that the sampling was comprehensive. We found highly diverse bacterial communities, with individual sample containing approximately 361 microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 17 bacterial phyla were obtained from the flies. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that Proteobacteria was dominant in all samples (75%–95%). Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were also commonly found in the total clones. Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia were the major genera. However, bacterial diversity (Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indices) and community structure (PCA analysis) varied across samples. Female ovary has the most diverse bacteria, followed by male testis, and the bacteria diversity of reproductive organs is richer than that of the gut. The observed variation can be caused by sex and tissue, possibly to meet the host's physiological demands.
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