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Phylogenetic analyses of Norwegian Tenacibaculum strains confirm high bacterial diversity and suggest circulation of ubiquitous virulent strains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259215. [PMID: 34710187 PMCID: PMC8553039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenacibaculosis is a bacterial ulcerative disease affecting marine fish and represents a major threat to aquaculture worldwide. Its aetiological agents, bacteria belonging to the genus Tenacibaculum, have been present in Norway since at least the late 1980’s and lead to regular ulcerative outbreaks and high mortalities in production of farmed salmonids. Studies have shown the presence of several Tenacibaculum species in Norway and a lack of clonality in outbreak-related strains, thus preventing the development of an effective vaccine. Hence, a thorough examination of the bacterial diversity in farmed fish presenting ulcers and the geographical distribution of the pathogens should provide important insights needed to strengthen preventive actions. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Tenacibaculum strains isolated in 28 outbreaks that occurred in Norwegian fish farms in the period 2017–2020. We found that 95% of the 66 strains isolated and characterized, using an existing MultiLocus Sequence Typing system, have not previously been identified, confirming the high diversity of this genus of bacteria in Norway. Several of these Tenacibaculum species seem to be present within restricted areas (e.g., Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi in western Norway), but phylogenetic analysis reveals that several of the strains responsible of ulcerative outbreaks were isolated from different localities (e.g., ST- 172 isolated from northern to southern parts of Norway) and/or from different hosts. Understanding their reservoirs and transmission pathways could help to address major challenges in connection with prophylactic measures and development of vaccines.
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Shang DD, Lun HY, Zhu KL, Chen GJ, Du ZJ. Tenacibaculum pelagium sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2229-2236. [PMID: 33629140 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel bright yellow pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, gliding, aerobic and rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain S7007T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample taken from Jingzi Wharf, Weihai, China. The bacterium was able to grow at 4-33 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and with 2.0-4.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0%). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain S7007T was associated with the genus Tenacibaculum and showed highest similarity to Tenacibaculum adriaticum JCM 14633T (98.0%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) scores of strain S7007T with T. adriaticum JCM 14633T and T. maritimum NBRC 110778T were 78.3% and 77.1%, respectively and the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (dDDH) scores were 20.5% and 19.9%, respectively. The sole isoprenoid quinone was MK-6 and the major cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C15: 1 G and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids of strain S7007T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and two unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 30.9 mol %. The combined phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference that strain S7007T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum pelagium sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S7007T (= MCCC 1H00428T = KCTC 72941T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Yuan Lun
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Lei Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Nowlan JP, Lumsden JS, Russell S. Advancements in Characterizing Tenacibaculum Infections in Canada. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121029. [PMID: 33302445 PMCID: PMC7763822 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenacibaculum is a genus of gram negative, marine, filamentous bacteria, associated with the presence of disease (tenacibaculosis) at aquaculture sites worldwide; however, infections induced by this genus are poorly characterized. Documents regarding the genus Tenacibaculum and close relatives were compiled for a literature review, concentrating on ecology, identification, and impacts of potentially pathogenic species, with a focus on Atlantic salmon in Canada. Tenacibaculum species likely have a cosmopolitan distribution, but local distributions around aquaculture sites are unknown. Eight species of Tenacibaculum are currently believed to be related to numerous mortality events of fishes and few mortality events in bivalves. The clinical signs in fishes often include epidermal ulcers, atypical behaviors, and mortality. Clinical signs in bivalves often include gross ulcers and discoloration of tissues. The observed disease may differ based on the host, isolate, transmission route, and local environmental conditions. Species-specific identification techniques are limited; high sequence similarities using conventional genes (16S rDNA) indicate that new genes should be investigated. Annotating full genomes, next-generation sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis/typing (MLSA/MLST), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and fatty acid methylesters (FAME) profiles could be further explored for identification purposes. However, each aforementioned technique has disadvantages. Since tenacibaculosis has been observed world-wide in fishes and other eukaryotes, and the disease has substantial economic impacts, continued research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Nowlan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, OT N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Center for Innovation in Fish Health, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - John S. Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, OT N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Spencer Russell
- Center for Innovation in Fish Health, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5, Canada;
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Phylogenetic Analysis and Screening of Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Culturable Bacteria Associated with the Ascidian Styela clava from the Yellow Sea, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7851251. [PMID: 31559313 PMCID: PMC6735190 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7851251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over 1,000 compounds, including ecteinascidin-743 and didemnin B, have been isolated from ascidians, with most having bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, antitumor, and enzyme-inhibiting activities. In recent years, direct and indirect evidence has shown that some bioactive compounds isolated from ascidians are not produced by ascidians themselves but by their symbiotic microorganisms. Isolated culturable bacteria associated with ascidians and investigating their potential bioactivity are an important approach for discovering novel compounds. In this study, a total of 269 bacteria were isolated from the ascidian Styela clava collected from the coast of Weihai in the north of the Yellow Sea, China. Phylogenetic relationships among 183 isolates were determined using their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven indicator strains, and an antiproliferative activity assay was performed to test for inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel 7402 and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell proliferation. Our results showed that the isolates belonged to 26 genera from 18 families in four phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes). Bacillus and Streptomyces were the most dominant genera; 146 strains had potent antimicrobial activities and inhibited at least one of the indicator strains. Crude extracts from 29 strains showed antiproliferative activity against Bel 7402 cells with IC50 values below 500 μg·mL-1, and 53 strains showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells, with IC50 values less than 500 μg·mL-1. Our results suggest that culturable bacteria associated with the ascidian Styela clava may be a promising source of novel bioactive compounds.
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Chen L, Hu JS, Xu JL, Shao CL, Wang GY. Biological and Chemical Diversity of Ascidian-Associated Microorganisms. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16100362. [PMID: 30275404 PMCID: PMC6212887 DOI: 10.3390/md16100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians are a class of sessile filter-feeding invertebrates, that provide unique and fertile niches harboring various microorganisms, such as bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi. Over 1000 natural products, including alkaloids, cyclic peptides, and polyketides, have been isolated from them, which display diverse properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. Strikingly, direct evidence has confirmed that ~8% of natural products from ascidians are actually produced by symbiotic microorganisms. In this review, we present 150 natural products from microorganisms associated with ascidians that have been reported up to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Jin-Shuang Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Jia-Lei Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guang-Yu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
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Park S, Choi J, Choi SJ, Yoon JH. Tenacibaculum insulae sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 68:228-233. [PMID: 29148365 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated JDTF-31T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Jindo, a South Korean island. Strain JDTF-31T grew optimally at 25 °C and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JDTF-31T fell within the cluster comprising the type strains of Tenacibaculum species, joining the type strain of Tenacibaculum soleae. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.3, 97.8 and 97.1 % to the type strains of T. soleae, Tenacibaculum haliotisand Tenacibaculum ovolyticum, respectively, and of 94.2-96.8 % to the type strains of the other Tenacibaculum species. Strain JDTF-31T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain JDTF-31T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JDTF-31T was 31.3 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of T. soleae, T. haliotis and T. ovolyticum were 16-27 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic data, revealed that strain JDTF-31T is separated from other recognized species of the genus Tenacibaculum. On the basis of the data presented, strain JDTF-31T represents a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculuminsulae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JDTF-31T (=KCTC 52749T=NBRC 112783T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Choi SJ, Won SM, Yoon JH. Tenacibaculum aestuariivivum sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4612-4618. [PMID: 28984542 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated JDTF-79T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Jindo, an island of South Korea, and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain JDTF-79T grew optimally at 25 °C and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JDTF-79T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Tenacibaculum, clustering with the type strains of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi, Tenacibaculum ovolyticum, 'Tenacibaculum haliotis' and Tenacibaculum soleae. The novel strain exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.3 %) to the type strain of T. dicentrarchi and sequence similarities of 93.5-96.9 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Tenacibaculum. Strain JDTF-79T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain JDTF-79T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JDTF-79T was 30.3 mol%. Strain JDTF-79T had a mean DNA-DNA relatedness value of 19 % with the type strain of T. dicentrarchi. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic data, revealed that strain JDTF-79T is separated from other recognized species of the genus Tenacibaculum. On the basis of the data presented, strain JDTF-79T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum aestuariivivum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JDTF-79T (=KCTC 52980T=NBRC 112903T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim YO, Park IS, Park S, Nam BH, Park JM, Kim DG, Yoon JH. Tenacibaculum haliotis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of an abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3268-3273. [PMID: 28829017 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, gliding, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated RA3-2T, was isolated from the gut of an abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) collected from the sea around Jeju island, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. RA3-2T grew optimally at 20 °C and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that RA3-2T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species of the genus Tenacibaculum, clustering with the type strains of Tenacibaculum soleae, Tenacibaculum ovolyticum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi; showing 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.2-96.8 %. The novel strain exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 93.5-96.9 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Tenacibaculum. RA3-2T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of RA3-2T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of RA3-2T was 31.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic data, revealed that RA3-2T is separated from other species of the genus Tenacibaculum with validly published names. On the basis of the data presented, RA3-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RA3-2T (=KCTC 52419T=NBRC 112382T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Gijang, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Suk Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Gijang, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Gijang, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Gijang, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Ha MJ, Jung YT, Kang CH, Yoon JH. Tenacibaculum sediminilitoris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2610-2616. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Taek Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea
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Småge SB, Brevik ØJ, Duesund H, Ottem KF, Watanabe K, Nylund A. Tenacibaculum finnmarkense sp. nov., a fish pathogenic bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from Atlantic salmon. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:273-85. [PMID: 26662517 PMCID: PMC4751178 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, rod-shaped gliding bacterial strain, designated HFJ(T), was isolated from a skin lesion of a diseased Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Finnmark, Norway. Colonies were observed to be yellow pigmented with entire and/or undulating margins and did not adhere to the agar. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain belongs to the genus Tenacibaculum (family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum 'Bacteroidetes'). Strain HFJ(T) exhibits high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values to Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi NCIMB 14598(T) (97.2 %). The strain was found to grow at 2-20 °C and only in the presence of sea salts. The respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone 6 and the major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH), iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 and iso-C15:0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 34.1 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization and comparative phenotypic and genetic tests were performed with the phylogenetically closely related type strains, T. dicentrarchi NCIMB 14598(T) and Tenacibaculum ovolyticum NCIMB 13127(T). These data, as well as phylogenetic analyses, suggest that strain HFJ(T) should be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Tenacibaculum, for which the name Tenacibaculum finnmarkense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is HFJ (T) = (DSM 28541(T) = NCIMB 42386(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre Bang Småge
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5020, Norway.
- Cermaq Group AS, Dronning Eufemias Gate 16, Oslo, 0191, Norway.
| | | | - Henrik Duesund
- Cermaq Group AS, Dronning Eufemias Gate 16, Oslo, 0191, Norway
| | | | - Kuninori Watanabe
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Are Nylund
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, Bergen, 5020, Norway
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Multilocus sequence analysis of the marine bacterial genus Tenacibaculum suggests parallel evolution of fish pathogenicity and endemic colonization of aquaculture systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5503-14. [PMID: 24973065 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01177-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Tenacibaculum, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, is an abundant component of marine bacterial ecosystems that also hosts several fish pathogens, some of which are of serious concern for marine aquaculture. Here, we applied multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) to 114 representatives of most known species in the genus and of the worldwide diversity of the major fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum. Recombination hampers precise phylogenetic reconstruction, but the data indicate intertwined environmental and pathogenic lineages, which suggests that pathogenicity evolved independently in several species. At lower phylogenetic levels recombination is also important, and the species T. maritimum constitutes a cohesive group of isolates. Importantly, the data reveal no trace of long-distance dissemination that could be linked to international fish movements. Instead, the high number of distinct genotypes suggests an endemic distribution of strains. The MLSA scheme and the data described in this study will help in monitoring Tenacibaculum infections in marine aquaculture; we show, for instance, that isolates from tenacibaculosis outbreaks in Norwegian salmon farms are related to T. dicentrarchi, a recently described species.
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Kim YO, Park S, Nam BH, Jung YT, Kim DG, Yoon JH. Colwellia meonggei sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:1021-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tenacibaculum caenipelagi sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from tidal flat sediment. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 104:225-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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