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Wu S, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wei F, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13024. [PMID: 37798959 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. However, H. pylori has developed various strategies to quench the deleterious effects of ROS, including the production of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins as well as blocking the generation of oxidants. The host's inability to eliminate H. pylori infection results in persistent ROS production. Notably, excessive ROS can disrupt the intracellular signal transduction and biological processes of the host, incurring chronic inflammation and cellular damage, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Markedly, the sustained inflammatory response and oxidative stress during H. pylori infection are major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this context, we summarize the literature on H. pylori infection-induced ROS production, the strategies used by H. pylori to counteract the host response, and subsequent host damage and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangtong Wei
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Park HE, Park S, Nizamutdinov D, Seo JH, Park JS, Jun JS, Shin JI, Boonyanugomol W, Park JS, Shin MK, Baik SC, Youn HS, Cho MJ, Kang HL, Lee WK, Jung M. Antigenic Determinant of Helicobacter pylori FlaA for Developing Serological Diagnostic Methods in Children. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121544. [PMID: 36558878 PMCID: PMC9782684 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is important for gastric cancer prevention and treatment. Although endoscopic biopsy is widely used for H. pylori diagnosis, an accurate biopsy cannot be performed until a lesion becomes clear, especially in pediatric patients. Therefore, it is necessary to develop convenient and accurate methods for early diagnosis. FlaA, an essential factor for H. pylori survival, shows high antigenicity and can be used as a diagnostic marker. We attempted to identify effective antigens containing epitopes of high diagnostic value in FlaA. Full-sized FlaA was divided into several fragments and cloned, and its antigenicity was investigated using Western blotting. The FlaA fragment of 1345-1395 bp had strong immunogenicity. ELISA was performed with serum samples from children by using the 1345-1395 bp recombinant antigen fragment. IgG reactivity showed 90.0% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity, and IgM reactivity showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The FlaA fragment of 1345-1395 bp discovered in the present study has antigenicity and is of high value as a candidate antigen for serological diagnosis. The FlaA 1345-1395 bp epitope can be used as a diagnostic marker for H. pylori infection, thereby controlling various gastric diseases such as gastric cancer and peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seorin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Damir Nizamutdinov
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeun Seo
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Shook Park
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Jun
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ih Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongwarut Boonyanugomol
- Department of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Amnatcharoen Campus, Mahidol University, Amnatcharoen 37000, Thailand
| | - Jin-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Je Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-K.L.); (M.J.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8082 (M.J.); Fax: +82-55-772-8089 (M.J.)
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-K.L.); (M.J.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8082 (M.J.); Fax: +82-55-772-8089 (M.J.)
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Lee DH, Ha JH, Shin JI, Kim KM, Choi JG, Park S, Park JS, Seo JH, Park JS, Shin MK, Baik SC, Lee WK, Youn HS, Cho MJ, Kang HL, Jung M. Increased Risk of Severe Gastric Symptoms by Virulence Factors vacAs1c, alpA, babA2, and hopZ in Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:368-379. [PMID: 33622995 PMCID: PMC9705970 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, cagA and vacA, have been known to play a role in the development of severe gastric symptoms. However, they are not always associated with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. To predict the disease outcome more accurately, it is necessary to understand the risk of severe symptoms linked to other virulence factors. Several other virulence factors of H. pylori have also been reported to be associated with disease outcomes, although there are many controversial descriptions. H. pylori isolates from Koreans may be useful in evaluating the relevance of other virulence factors to clinical symptoms of gastric diseases because the majority of Koreans are infected by toxigenic strains of H. pylori bearing cagA and vacA. In this study, a total of 116 H. pylori strains from Korean patients with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers were genotyped. The presence of virulence factors vacAs1c, alpA, babA2, hopZ, and the extremely strong vacuolating toxin was found to contribute significantly to the development of severe gastric symptoms. The genotype combination vacAs1c/alpA/babA2 was the most predictable determinant for the development of severe symptoms, and the presence of babA2 was found to be the most critical factor. This study provides important information on the virulence factors that contribute to the development of severe gastric symptoms and will assist in predicting clinical disease outcomes due to H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Ha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ih Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seorin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Shook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Je Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lyun Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,H.L. Kang Phone: +82-55-772-8085 Fax: +82-55-772-8089 E-mail:
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,BK21 Center for Human Resource Development in the Bio-Health Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors M. Jung Phone: +82-55-772-8082 Fax: +82-55-772-8089 E-mail:
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz M, Portincasa P, Garruti G, Krasowska D, Maciejewski R. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 10:E27. [PMID: 33375694 PMCID: PMC7824444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori babA2 Gene in Children Mainly Depends on the PCR Primer Set Used. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2020; 2020:4080248. [PMID: 32855749 PMCID: PMC7443014 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various polymerase chain reaction- (PCR-) based methods with varying positivity rates were designed to detect the Helicobacter pylori babA2 gene. To compare different primer sets, babA2 prevalence was determined in 279 H. pylori-positive pediatric samples using the 832 bp, 139 bp, and 271 bp PCR primer sets, resulting in 34.0%, 51.3%, and 79.6% prevalence of the babA2 gene, respectively. The babA2 status determined using the 832 bp and 139 bp PCR primer sets significantly correlated with bacterial density and activity of inflammation, whereas no such correlations were found using the 271 bp PCR primer set. The 139 and 832 bp PCR primer sets concordantly detected the babA2 gene in 93 cases; however, in comparison to the 832 bp PCR primer set, the 139 bp PCR primer set detected additional 50 babA2 cases, whereas only two 832 bp positive cases were missed. The 271 bp PCR primer set missed 32 babA2 cases that were 832 bp and/or 139 bp PCR positive, but tested solely positive in 109 cases. Interestingly, cloning of a subset of 271 bp PCR positive samples revealed amplification of the babA/B gene chimera. Hence, in our opinion, the 271 bp PCR protocol is not a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting the babA2 gene in children. Our results reaffirm previous observations that the use of certain babA2 PCR primer sets can significantly impact estimation of the prevalence and clinical relevance of the H. pylori babA2 gene in children, suggesting babA2 detection methods should be carefully selected.
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Šterbenc A, Jarc E, Poljak M, Homan M. Helicobacter pylori virulence genes. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4870-4884. [PMID: 31543679 PMCID: PMC6737321 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most important human pathogens, infecting approximately half of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, only a subset of H. pylori infected individuals develop serious gastroduodenal pathology. The pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and disease outcome is thus thought to be mediated by an intricate interplay between host, environmental and bacterial virulence factors. H. pylori has adapted to the harsh milieu of the human stomach through possession of various virulence genes that enable survival of the bacteria in the acidic environment, movement towards the gastric epithelium, and attachment to gastric epithelial cells. These virulence factors enable successful colonization of the gastric mucosa and sustain persistent H. pylori infection, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage, which may eventually lead to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Numerous studies have focused on the prevalence and role of putative H. pylori virulence genes in disease pathogenesis. While several virulence factors with various functions have been identified, disease associations appear to be less evident, especially among different study populations. This review presents key findings on the most important H. pylori virulence genes, including several bacterial adhesins and toxins, in children and adults, and focuses on their prevalence, clinical significance and potential relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šterbenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Erika Jarc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Hassan AA, Youssef AI, Ghazal AA, Sheta MI, Diwedar NL, Hafez EM, Tabll AA, Elbendary EY. Blood group antigen-Binding Adhesion2 (BabA2) gene in gastric tissue biopsies as a diagnostic biomarker for Helicobacter pylori infection. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:193-199. [PMID: 30909206 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lewis (b) blood group antigen-Binding Adhesion2 (BabA2) has been reported to mediate the attachment of H. pylori to human. AIM assessment the diagnostic potential of detection of (BabA2) gene compared with immunostaining of Lewis (b) by specific mouse monoclonal antibodies in gastric biopsies from Egyptian Patients as a diagnostic maker for Helicobacter pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty untreated patients suffering from dyspeptic complaints were enrolled in this study and underwent for upper gastro-duodenal endoscopy. Biopsies were taken for histological examination by (H&E) and immunohistochemical analysis for Lewis b by specific mouse monoclonal antibodies, and scoring of Lewis b expression in gastric tissue biopsy as well as molecular detection of BabA2 gene of H. pylori by PCR. Biochemical analysis was performed to detect the presence of H. pylori urease activity using Rapid Urease Test (RUT). RESULTS : Out of 50 gastric biopsies, 41 biopsies were positive for histological, Immunostaining for Lewis b expression and urease activity test (RUT) for H pylori. RUT showed a sensitivity of 87.8%, specificity 88.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) 97.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 61.5%. BabA2 gene results revealed that, out of 41 positive biopsied cases, 39 (95.1%) were positive by the PCR test for BabA2 gene. And all 9 negative biopsies (100%) for H pylori negative for BabA2gene so the sensitivity and specificity of BabA2 gene detection in gastric biopsies by PCR were 95.1% and 100%; respectively. CONCLUSION : BabA2 gene detection in gastric tissue biopsies could be suggested as a diagnostic biomarker to be included among the other biomarkers routinely performed for clinical diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Hassan
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany I Youssef
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Ghazal
- Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Manal I Sheta
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabil L Diwedar
- Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M Hafez
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Internal Medicine Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Whitmire JM, Merrell DS. Helicobacter pylori Genetic Polymorphisms in Gastric Disease Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:173-194. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Šterbenc A, Poljak M, Zidar N, Luzar B, Homan M. Prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori homA and homB genes and their correlation with histological parameters in children. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:26-32. [PMID: 30195645 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The significance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence genes such as cagA and vacA has been extensively studied in children; however, data regarding the significance of homA and homB genes are scarce. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical relevance of these genes in Slovenian children. All children diagnosed with H. pylori infection between 1993 and 2013 were included in the study (n = 343). DNA was extracted from biopsy specimens previously used for the rapid urease test. Five histological parameters were evaluated and the presence of the vacA, cagA, iceA, babA2, and homA and homB genes was determined by PCR amplification. The homA and homB genes were detected in 174/285 (61.1%) and 116/285 (40.7%) strains, respectively. The presence of the homA gene was significantly associated with the absence of the homB gene (P < 0.001); however, no associations were found between the presence of either the homA or homB genes and any of the other investigated virulence genes. Similarly, there were no correlations between the presence of the homA and homB genes and any of the histological parameters. In contrast, genotype profiles vacA s1m1/cagA+/babA2+/homB+, vacA s1m2/cagA+/babA2+/homA+, vacA s1m1/cagA+/babA2+/homA+, vacA s1m1/cagA+/babA2-/homA+, vacA s1m2/cagA-/babA2-/homA+, and vacA s2m2/cagA-/babA2-/homB+ were associated with a higher degree of gastric mucosal damage. Thus, although the homA and homB genes did not represent important individual virulence markers in this population, they may act synergistically with other H. pylori virulence genes, causing severe gastritis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šterbenc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Luzar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori BabA in adaptation for gastric colonization. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4158-4169. [PMID: 28694656 PMCID: PMC5483490 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a causative agent of gastric complications, is well adapted for the colonization of gastric mucosa. Although the infectious process depends on several factors, the adhesion to the gastric mucosa is the first and important step. Among several outer membrane proteins, BabA is one of the significant protein involving in many inflammatory processes in addition to its role in the attachment for the persistent colonization. We performed a PubMed search using the key words: “babA”, “pylori”, “gastric complications”, “homologous recombination”, “slipped strand mispairing”; a total of 249 articles were displayed. Of these we mainly focused on articles with the full text in English and published between 2005 and 2016. H. pylori BabA is involved in binding with receptors; however, its synthesis is regulated by phase variation. In this review we confirm that H. pylori babA can be modulated at the molecular and functional levels to adapt to the stress within the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Hassan STS, Šudomová M. Probiotics as Dietary Supplements for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children: A Role Beyond Infection. CHILDREN-BASEL 2016; 3:children3040027. [PMID: 27834907 PMCID: PMC5184802 DOI: 10.3390/children3040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For decades, treatment of infectious diseases has been a strong focus of interest, for both researchers and healthcare providers. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been reported to be associated with several diseases, such as ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Infection with H. pylori is generally acquired during childhood and can persist indefinitely, if not treated systematically. Unfortunately, although several strategies have shown high efficacy results, treatment of the H. pylori infection fails in about 25%–30% of infected children. One main reason for this is due to the extensive use of antibiotics, which has created antibiotic resistance, associated with other adverse effects as well. Therefore, it is crucial to find alternative strategies to combat this resistance, and increase treatment efficacy results. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms that are orally administrated, have been found to be a useful regimen in the treatment of the H. pylori infection in children. Their use as a dietary supplement alone, or in combination with antibiotics, resulted in reduced side effects and higher efficacy rates of the H. pylori infection in children. Some probiotics can be considered an adjunctive treatment, especially when eradication of the H. pylori infection fails during initial treatment, and to help reduce adverse effects. However, the evidence of the beneficial role of probiotics is limited due to the small number of clinical trials that have been conducted and heterogeneity across studies in strains and dosage. Additionally, no investigations have been carried out in asymptomatic children. Therefore, large well-conducted studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy of the H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif T S Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of the Brno Region, Museum of Literature in Moravia, Porta Coeli 1001, 66602 Předklášteří, Czech Republic.
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González-Vázquez R, Córdova-Espinoza MG, Escamilla-Gutiérrez A, Morales-Méndez I, Ochoa-Pérez SA, Armendáriz-Toledano F, Fonseca-Nájera J, Giono-Cerezo S. Frequency of virulence genes in mixed infections with Helicobacter pylori strains from a Mexican population. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2016; 81:11-20. [PMID: 26811038 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Virulence of clinical isolates is related to clinical outcome. Moreover, with microdiversity studies in clinical isolates from a single patient, but from a different origin (antrum or corpus), it is possible to demonstrate that there are simultaneous mixed infections. AIMS To genotype H. pylori strains with multiplex PCR, according to their clinical virulence, and in this manner know the frequency of each genotype and relate it to clinical outcome in order to prevent the development of severe diseases. METHODS A total of 210 patients with gastric alterations were studied. Virulence classification of H. pylori strains was carried out with multiplex PCR and 127 strains were identified as H. pylori by PCR (glmM and cagE). Genotype and clinical outcome were evaluated with the Fisher's exact test. In addition, RAPD-PCR was performed as a fingerprinting method to analyze mixed infections. RESULTS The cagA, vacAs1, and vacAm1 genes were detected in all the clinical isolates. Strains were classified as: type i, 40.15% (51/127); type ii, 22.04% (28/127); and type iii, 28.4% (36/127), but two new different genotypes were also detected: (1) babA2+, cagA+, vacAs1+, 6.29% (8/127) and (2) babA2+, cagA-, vacAs2/m2+, 3.14% (4/127). The cagE gene was detected in type i strains. CONCLUSIONS The Fisher's exact test did not support a significant association between clinical outcome and genotype. The main circulating genotypes in the Mexican population studied were: cagA+, vacAs1, and vacAm1. Multiplex PCR can be used as a screening test for H. pylori strains. Furthermore, the cagE gene is a good marker for identifying cag-PAI positive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Hematología Especial, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social CMN-La Raza, Hospital de Especialidades, México D.F., México; Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | - M G Córdova-Espinoza
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | - A Escamilla-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Urgencias y Servicio de Transfusiones, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social CMN-La Raza, Hospital General, México D.F., México; Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | - I Morales-Méndez
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología «Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes», México D.F., México
| | - S A Ochoa-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México «Federico Gómez», México D.F., México
| | - F Armendáriz-Toledano
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
| | - J Fonseca-Nájera
- Departamento de Endoscopias Pediátricas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social CMN-La Raza, México D.F., México
| | - S Giono-Cerezo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México.
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González-Vázquez R, Córdova-Espinoza M, Escamilla-Gutiérrez A, Morales-Méndez I, Ochoa-Pérez S, Armendáriz-Toledano F, Fonseca-Nájera J, Giono-Cerezo S. Frequency of virulence genes in mixed infections with Helicobacter pylori strains from a Mexican population. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Homan M, Orel R. Are probiotics useful in Helicobacter pylori eradication? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10644-10653. [PMID: 26457024 PMCID: PMC4588086 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered an etiologic factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma. Therapeutic schemes to eradicate the bacteria are based on double antibiotic therapy and proton pump inhibitor. Despite many therapeutic improvements in H. pylori eradication treatment, it is still associated with high infection rate also in developed countries. Bacterial resistance and adverse events occurrence are among most frequent causes for anti- H. pylori treatment failure. Several studies have reported that certain probiotic strains can exhibit inhibitory activity against H. pylori bacteria. In addition, some probiotic strains can reduce the occurrence of side effects due to antibiotic therapy and consequently increase the H. pylori eradication rate. The results of the prospective double-blind placebo-controlled studies suggest that specific probiotics, such as S. boulardii and L. johnsonni La1 probably can diminish the bacterial load, but not completely eradicate the H. pylori bacteria. Furthermore, it seems that supplementation with S. boulardii is a useful concomitant therapy in the standard H. pylori eradication treatment protocol and most probably increases eradication rate. L. reuteri is equally effective, but more positive studies are needed. Finally, probiotic strains, such as S. boulardii, L. reuteri and L. GG, decrease gastrointestinal antibiotic associated adverse effects.
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