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Orhan F, Ceyran E. Sugar beet molasses: a sweet solution for ectoine production by Nesterenkonia sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:52198-52211. [PMID: 39143384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Ectoine, a biologically significant compound, was successfully produced by a strain of bacteria capable of utilizing sucrose. In a ground-breaking approach, we harnessed the potential of sugar beet molasses, a by-product rich in sucrose, amino acid, and vitamins, as a growth medium for this purpose. Through meticulous investigation, we identified the ideal conditions for maximizing ectoine synthesis. This remarkable milestone was reached by introducing only 1 g of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and 5 mL of molasses per liter, maintaining a pH level of 8.0, upholding a 7.5% NaCl concentration, employing agitation at 120 rpm, and sustaining a temperature of 30 °C. This study marks a pioneering endeavour as it represents the first instance where molasses has been effectively employed to produce ectoine through the cultivation of Nesterenkonia sp. We showcased the production of 75.56 g of the valuable compound ectoine utilizing 1 L of waste molasses with this specific bacterial strain. These findings hold tremendous promise, not only in terms of resource utilization but also for the potential applications of ectoine in various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Orhan
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, 4100, Agri, Turkey.
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey.
| | - Ertuğrul Ceyran
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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Yousef MM, Zohri ANA, Darwish AMG, Shamseldin A, Kabeil SA, Abdelkhalek A, Binsuwaidan R, Jaremko M, Alshwyeh HA, Hafez EE, Saied EM. Exploring the antibacterial potential of plant extracts and essential oils against Bacillus thermophilus in beet sugar for enhanced sucrose retention: a comparative assessment and implications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1219823. [PMID: 37547698 PMCID: PMC10400092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet is one of the greatest sources for producing sugar worldwide. However, a group of bacteria grows on beets during the storage process, leading to a reduction in sucrose yield. Our study focused on identifying common bacterial species that grow on beets during manufacturing and contribute to sucrose loss. The ultimate goal was to find a potential antibacterial agent from various plant extracts and oils to inhibit the growth of these harmful bacteria and reduce sucrose losses. The screening of bacterial species that grow on beet revealed that a large group of mesophilic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus xylosus, Enterobacter amnigenus, and Aeromonas species, in addition to a dominant thermophilic species called Bacillus thermophilus, were found to be present during the manufacturing of beets. The application of 20 plant extracts and 13 different oils indicated that the extracts of Geranium gruinum, Datura stramonium, and Mentha spicata were the best antibacterials to reduce the growth of B. thermophilus with inhibition zones equal to 40, 39, and 35 mm, respectively. In contrast, the best active oils for inhibiting the growth of B. thermophilus were Mentha spicata and Ocimum bacilicum, with an inhibitory effect of 50 and 45 mm, respectively. RAPD-PCR with different primers indicated that treating sugar juice with the most effective oils against bacteria resulted in new recombinant microorganisms, confirming their roles as strong antibacterial products. The characterization of Mentha spicata and Ocimum bacilicum oils using GC/MS analysis identified cis-iso pulegone and hexadecanoic acid as the two main bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial activity. An analysis of five genes using DD-PCR that have been affected due to antibacterial activity from the highly effective oil from Mentha spicata concluded that all belonged to the family of protein defense. Our findings indicate that the application of these pure antibacterial plant extracts and oils would minimize the reduction of sucrose during sugar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Yousef
- Faculty of Sugar Industry Technology and Integrated Industries, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser A. Zohri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Food Industry Technology Program, Faculty of Industrial and Energy Technology, Borg Al Arab Technological University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdelaal Shamseldin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, GEBRI Institute at the City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A. Kabeil
- Department of Protein Research, GEBRI Institute at the City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wilks JM, Chen F, Clark BC, Schneegurt MA. Bacterial Growth in Saturated and Eutectic Solutions of Magnesium Sulphate and Potassium Chlorate with Relevance to Mars and the Ocean Worlds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 18:502-509. [PMID: 33776587 PMCID: PMC7992186 DOI: 10.1017/s1473550418000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid water on Mars might be created by deliquescence of hygroscopic salts or by permafrost melts, both potentially forming saturated brines. Freezing point depression allows these heavy brines to remain liquid in the near-surface environment for extended periods, perhaps as eutectic solutions, at the lowest temperatures and highest salt concentrations where ices and precipitates do not form. Perchlorate and chlorate salts and iron sulfate form brines with low eutectic temperatures and may persist under Mars near-surface conditions, but are chemically harsh at high concentrations and were expected to be incompatible with life, while brines of common sulfate salts on Mars may be more suitable for microbial growth. Microbial growth in saturated brines also may be relevant beyond Mars, to the oceans of Ceres, Enceladus, Europa and Pluto. We have previously shown strong growth of salinotolerant bacteria in media containing 2 M MgSO4 heptahydrate (~50% w/v) at 25 °C. Here we extend those observations to bacterial isolates from Basque Lake, BC and Hot Lake, WA, that grow well in saturated MgSO4 medium (67%) at 25 °C and in 50% MgSO4 medium at 4 °C (56% would be saturated). Psychrotolerant, salinotolerant microbes isolated from Basque Lake soils included Halomonas and Marinococcus, which were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and characterized phenetically. Eutectic liquid medium constituted by 43% MgSO4 at -4 °C supported copious growth of these psychrotolerant Halomonas isolates, among others. Bacterial isolates also grew well at the eutectic for K chlorate (3% at -3 °C). Survival and growth in eutectic solutions increases the possibility that microbes contaminating spacecraft pose a contamination risk to Mars. The cold brines of sulfate and (per)chlorate salts that may form at times on Mars through deliquescence or permafrost melt have now been demonstrated to be suitable microbial habitats, should appropriate nutrients be available and dormant cells become vegetative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Wilks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS
| | - Fei Chen
- Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA
| | | | - Mark A. Schneegurt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS
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Crisler JD, Chen F, Clark BC, Schneegurt MA. Cultivation and characterization of the bacterial assemblage of epsomic Basque Lake, BC. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1105-1119. [PMID: 30737709 PMCID: PMC6548648 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Athalassohaline waters that are rich in divalent ions are good analogues for the chemical environments of Mars and the ocean worlds. Sulfate salts, along with chlorides, are important in Mars regolith with Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na counterions. Certain lakes in the Pacific Northwest are saturated with MgSO4 as epsomite. Here we report on the microbial community of Basque Lake, BC, a group of playas that is saturated with MgSO4. More than 60 bacterial isolates were obtained from Basque Lake soils by enrichment culture and repetitive streak-plating using media containing 10% (~ 1.7 M) NaCl or 50% (~ 2 M) MgSO4. Most of the isolates (~ 75%) were Gram-positive, motile, and produced endospores. Isolates related to Marinococcus halophilus and Virgibacillus marismortui dominated the collection. Halomonas and Salinivibrio were Gram-negative genera found at Basque Lake. Nearly all of the Basque Lake isolates grew at 50% MgSO4, with 65% growing at 60% MgSO4. Several isolates could grow in saturated (67%) MgSO4 (aw = 0.90). All of the isolates grew at 10% NaCl with 70% growing at 20% salinity (~ 3.5 M NaCl; aw = 0.82). Basque Lake isolates grew better at basic pH than acidic pH, with 80% growing at pH 9 and 30% growing at pH 10. Only 20% of the isolates grew at pH 5. Numerical taxonomy dendrograms based on 44 phenetic characteristics showed a strong correspondence to phylogenetic trees constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequences. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences from direct DNA extracts of Basque Lake soils recovered predominantly Proteobacteria (60%), Firmicutes (11%), and unclassified bacteria (27%). Microbes capable of growth under the extreme chemical conditions of Mars are a particular concern for forward planetary protection should they contaminate a spacecraft.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Crisler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 26, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark A Schneegurt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 26, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA.
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Aleksic I, Petkovic M, Jovanovic M, Milivojevic D, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Senerovic L. Anti-biofilm Properties of Bacterial Di-Rhamnolipids and Their Semi-Synthetic Amide Derivatives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2454. [PMID: 29276509 PMCID: PMC5727045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strain, namely Lysinibacillus sp. BV152.1 was isolated from the rhizosphere of ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) producing metabolites with potent ability to inhibit biofilm formation of an important human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus, and Serratia marcescens. Structural characterization revealed di-rhamnolipids mixture containing rhamnose (Rha)-Rha-C10-C10, Rha-Rha-C8-C10, and Rha-Rha-C10-C12 in the ratio 7:2:1 as the active principle. Purified di-rhamnolipids, as well as commercially available di-rhamnolipids (Rha-Rha-C10-C10, 93%) were used as the substrate for the chemical derivatization for the first time, yielding three semi-synthetic amide derivatives, benzyl-, piperidine-, and morpholine. A comparative study of the anti-biofilm, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties revealed that di-Rha from Lysinibacillus sp. BV152.1 were more potent in biofilm inhibition, both cell adhesion and biofilm maturation, than commercial di-rhamnolipids inhibiting 50% of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation at 50 μg mL-1 and 75 μg mL-1, respectively. None of the di-rhamnolipids exhibited antimicrobial properties at concentrations of up to 500 μg mL-1. Amide derivatization improved inhibition of biofilm formation and dispersion activities of di-rhamnolipids from both sources, with morpholine derivative being the most active causing more than 80% biofilm inhibition at concentrations 100 μg mL-1. Semi-synthetic amide derivatives showed increased antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and also showed higher cytotoxicity. Therefore, described di-rhamnolipids are potent anti-biofilm agents and the described approach can be seen as viable approach in reaching new rhamnolipid based derivatives with tailored biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Petkovic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Jovanovic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vasiljevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lidija Senerovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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