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Afrokh M, El Mehrach K, Chatoui K, Ait Bihi M, Sadki H, Zarrouk A, Tabyaoui M, Tahrouch S. Quality criteria, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28125. [PMID: 38560258 PMCID: PMC10979279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the valorization of the essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. The research plan and methods included 3-axis: the first axis consists of studying the organoleptic and physicochemical characterization of the essential oil, the second is the chemical analysis carried out by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and the third consists of evaluating its antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms. The results obtained for the organoleptic and physicochemical properties are as follows: appearance: Liquid, mobile and clear, odor: Strong odor characteristic of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh, color: Pale yellow; relative density (0.92), miscibility with ethanol (1V/2V), freezing point (Tfreezing < -10 °C), refractive index (1.5256), rotating power (+0.825), acid index (1.68), ester index (68.44), saponification index (70.13) and iodine index (12.05).Chemical analysis identified 69 compounds which are mostly oxygenated monoterpenes such as piperitenone oxide (32.55%), pulegone (10.14%), piperitone oxide (8.34%), etc. The microbiological tests were carried out by an agar diffusion test using the essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. The microbiological tests were carried out by a diffusion test on agar, these tests are carried out on six microbial strains (five bacteria and one yeast).The inhibitory effect of our oil is well marked against bacteria: Proteus mirabilis (17.50 ± 0.70 mm at 50 μL/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (17.00 ± 1.00 mm at 50 μL/mL) and Staphylococcus coagulase negative (16.33 ± 0.57 mm at 50 μL/mL) while it was moderate against Escherichia coli (14.33 ± 1.15 mm at 50 μL/mL) and Streptococcus spp (13.00 ± 0.00 mm at 50 μL/mL) as well as against yeast, Candida albicans (15.33 ± 1.52 mm at 50 μL/mL). It appears from these results that our oil is of high quality and can be used in several areas. The results obtained are therefore promising and thus open the way for manufacturers to use this essential oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moha Afrokh
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014 Agdal-Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoryof Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Box.8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khadija El Mehrach
- Laboratoryof Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Box.8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khalid Chatoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014 Agdal-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait Bihi
- Laboratoryof Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Box.8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hajar Sadki
- Laboratoryof Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Box.8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Zarrouk
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014 Agdal-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tabyaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av. Ibn Battouta, P. O. Box 1014 Agdal-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saida Tahrouch
- Laboratoryof Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Box.8106, Agadir, Morocco
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Ilić M, Pastor K, Ilić A, Vasić M, Nastić N, Vujić Đ, Ačanski M. Legume Fingerprinting through Lipid Composition: Utilizing GC/MS with Multivariate Statistics. Foods 2023; 12:4420. [PMID: 38137224 PMCID: PMC10742467 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a tentative analysis of the lipid composition of 47 legume samples, encompassing species such as Phaseolus spp., Vicia spp., Pisum spp., and Lathyrus spp. Lipid extraction and GC/MS (gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) analysis were conducted, followed by multivariate statistical methods for data interpretation. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed two major clusters, distinguishing beans and snap beans (Phaseolus spp.) from faba beans (Vicia faba), peas (Pisum sativum), and grass peas (Lathyrus sativus). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yielded 2D and 3D score plots, effectively discriminating legume species. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) achieved a 100% accurate classification of the training set and a 90% accuracy of the test set. The lipid-based fingerprinting elucidated compounds crucial for discrimination. Both PCA and LDA biplots highlighted squalene and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (C18:3) and 5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4) as influential in the clustering of beans and snap beans. Unique compounds, including 13-docosenoic acid (C22:1) and γ-tocopherol, O-methyl-, characterized grass pea samples. Faba bean samples were discriminated by FAMEs of heneicosanoic acid (C21:0) and oxiraneoctanoic acid, 3-octyl- (C18-ox). However, C18-ox was also found in pea samples, but in significantly lower amounts. This research demonstrates the efficacy of lipid analysis coupled with multivariate statistics for accurate differentiation and classification of legumes, according to their botanical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Ilić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Kristian Pastor
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Ilić
- Institute of Fields and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.I.)
| | - Mirjana Vasić
- Institute of Fields and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.I.)
| | - Nataša Nastić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Đura Vujić
- Independent Researcher, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marijana Ačanski
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (K.P.); (N.N.); (M.A.)
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Yousef MM, Zohri ANA, Darwish AMG, Shamseldin A, Kabeil SA, Abdelkhalek A, Binsuwaidan R, Jaremko M, Alshwyeh HA, Hafez EE, Saied EM. Exploring the antibacterial potential of plant extracts and essential oils against Bacillus thermophilus in beet sugar for enhanced sucrose retention: a comparative assessment and implications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1219823. [PMID: 37547698 PMCID: PMC10400092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet is one of the greatest sources for producing sugar worldwide. However, a group of bacteria grows on beets during the storage process, leading to a reduction in sucrose yield. Our study focused on identifying common bacterial species that grow on beets during manufacturing and contribute to sucrose loss. The ultimate goal was to find a potential antibacterial agent from various plant extracts and oils to inhibit the growth of these harmful bacteria and reduce sucrose losses. The screening of bacterial species that grow on beet revealed that a large group of mesophilic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus xylosus, Enterobacter amnigenus, and Aeromonas species, in addition to a dominant thermophilic species called Bacillus thermophilus, were found to be present during the manufacturing of beets. The application of 20 plant extracts and 13 different oils indicated that the extracts of Geranium gruinum, Datura stramonium, and Mentha spicata were the best antibacterials to reduce the growth of B. thermophilus with inhibition zones equal to 40, 39, and 35 mm, respectively. In contrast, the best active oils for inhibiting the growth of B. thermophilus were Mentha spicata and Ocimum bacilicum, with an inhibitory effect of 50 and 45 mm, respectively. RAPD-PCR with different primers indicated that treating sugar juice with the most effective oils against bacteria resulted in new recombinant microorganisms, confirming their roles as strong antibacterial products. The characterization of Mentha spicata and Ocimum bacilicum oils using GC/MS analysis identified cis-iso pulegone and hexadecanoic acid as the two main bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial activity. An analysis of five genes using DD-PCR that have been affected due to antibacterial activity from the highly effective oil from Mentha spicata concluded that all belonged to the family of protein defense. Our findings indicate that the application of these pure antibacterial plant extracts and oils would minimize the reduction of sucrose during sugar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Yousef
- Faculty of Sugar Industry Technology and Integrated Industries, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser A. Zohri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Food Industry Technology Program, Faculty of Industrial and Energy Technology, Borg Al Arab Technological University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdelaal Shamseldin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, GEBRI Institute at the City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A. Kabeil
- Department of Protein Research, GEBRI Institute at the City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Enneb H, Athmouni K, Thabet R, Ayadi H. Phytochemical Compounds of Euphorbia bivonae Extract and Their Cytotoxicity Effects on the Lethality of Brine Shrimp Artemia salina and Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201135. [PMID: 37026603 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research paper, we investigated the effect of Euphorbia bivonae extract compounds on the lethality of brine shrimp Artemia salina and on the embryonic cell line (HEK293) proliferation. Our GC/MS analysis revealed that the E. bivonae ethanolic extract contained essentially sitsoterol, euphol and lupeol. The 24-h LC50 was determined using the probit analysis method (LC50= 357.11mg l-1). Depending on this cytotoxicity test result, E. bivona extract induced a significant increase of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-Peroxidase (GPx) activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in A. salina larvae. In addition, the cytotoxicity effect of this extract had proved against the HEK293 cell line in vitro. We suggest that the three compounds of E. bivonae extract (sitsoterol, euphol and lupeol) are the most responsible for this cytotoxicity. The possible application of this extract as an alternative natural antiproliferative is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Enneb
- IRA: Institut des Regions Arides, Laboratory of Dry Land Farming and oasis cropping, Boite postale 257, 4100, Medenine, TUNISIA
| | - Khaled Athmouni
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax: Universite de Sfax Faculte des Sciences de Sfax, Department of Life Sciences,, Soukra Road Km 3.5, BP1171, 3000, 3000, Sfax,, TUNISIA
| | - Rahma Thabet
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax: Universite de Sfax Faculte des Sciences de Sfax, Department of Life Sciences,, University of Sfax, Soukra road Km 3.5, B.P1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia, 3000, Sfax, TUNISIA
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax: Universite de Sfax Faculte des Sciences de Sfax, Department of Life Sciences,, University of Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5, BP1171, 3000, 3000, Sfax, TUNISIA
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Alhayyani S, Akhdhar A, Asseri AH, Mohammed AMA, Hussien MA, Roselin LS, Hosawi S, AlAbbasi F, Alharbi KH, Baty RS, Kalantan AA, Ali EMM. Potential Anticancer Activity of Juniperus procera and Molecular Docking Models of Active Proteins in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052041. [PMID: 36903287 PMCID: PMC10004709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants provide a wide range of active compounds that can be exploited to create novel medicines with minimal side effects. The current study aimed to identify the anticancer properties of Juniperus procera (J. procera) leaves. Here, we demonstrate that J. procera leaves' methanolic extract suppresses cancer cells in colon (HCT116), liver (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and erythroid (JK-1) cell lines. By applying GC/MS, we were able to determine the components of the J. procera extract that might contribute to cytotoxicity. Molecular docking modules were created that used active components against cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in colon cancer, aromatase cytochrome P450 in the breast cancer receptor protein, the -N terminal domain in the erythroid cancer receptor of the erythroid spectrin, and topoisomerase in liver cancer. The results demonstrate that, out of the 12 bioactive compounds generated by GC/MS analysis, the active ingredient 2-imino-6-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carbothiamide proved to be the best-docked chemical with the chosen proteins impacted by DNA conformational changes, cell membrane integrity, and proliferation in molecular docking studies. Notably, we uncovered the capacity of J. procera to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth in the HCT116 cell line. Collectively, our data propose that J. procera leaves' methanolic extract has an anticancer role with the potential to guide future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-507748344
| | - Abdullah Akhdhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhafeez M. A. Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum 13311, Sudan
| | - Mostafa A. Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42521, Egypt
| | - L. Selva Roselin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlAbbasi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah H. Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua S. Baty
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Kalantan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. M. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Pietrogrande MC, Demaria G, Russo M. Determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after molecularly imprinted polymer extraction. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:644-654. [PMID: 36182170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C17-C32n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pietrogrande
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agraricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Demaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agraricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mara Russo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agraricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Mazzatenta A, Fiorito S, Guadagnini R, Genovese S, Valentini A, Bonadiman F, Guadagnini S, Epifano F, Mollica A. The Evanescent Bouquet of Individual Bear Fingerprint. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36670761 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The evanescent and invisible communication carried by chemical signals, pheromones, or signature mixtures or, as we prefer, the pheromonal individual fingerprint, between members of the same species is poorly studied in mammals, mainly because of the lack of identification of the molecules. The difference between pheromones and the pheromonal individual fingerprint is that the former generate stereotyped innate responses while the latter requires learning, i.e., different receivers can learn different signature mixtures from the same individual. Furthermore, pheromones are usually produced by a particular gland, while the pheromonal individual fingerprint is the entire bouquet produced by the entire secreting gland of the body. In the present study, we aim to investigate the pheromonal individual fingerprint of brown bears in northern Italy. We collected the entire putative pheromone bouquet from all production sites in free-ranging bears and analyzed the entire crude extract to profile the individual fingerprint according to species-, sex- and subjective-specific characteristics. We were able to putatively characterize the brown bears' pheromonal individual fingerprints and compare them with the partial pheromone identifications published by other studies. This work is a step forward in the study of the complexity of chemical communication, particularly in a solitary endangered species.
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Joshi K, Adhikari P, Bhatt ID, Pande V. Source dependent variation in phenolics, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Paeonia emodi in west Himalaya, India. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2022; 28:1785-1798. [PMID: 36387977 PMCID: PMC9636362 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia emodi is one of the ethno therapeutically important Himalayan plants used to cure various diseases. However, a systematic investigation of the effect of altitude on phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity has not been reported so far. The present study assessed the variation in the bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the leaf, and rhizome of P. emodi collected from different altitudes. Phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, flavanol, tannins, emodin, and paeoniflorin were found in all the sampled populations, but the quantity varied significantly across the altitude. In leaf, phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins content positively correlated with altitude (p < 0.01), but flavanol did not show any connection. Similarly, in the rhizome, positive relation with altitude (p < 0.01) was observed in phenol, flavonoids, and paeoniflorin. Antioxidant activity measured by 1, 1-diphenyl- 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assays showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with altitude. 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), ferric reducing antioxidant power, and hydroxyl ion assays did not show any relation with altitude. Antimicrobial activity was higher in the case of rhizome for the minimum inhibitory concentration and positively correlated with phenolics, flavonoids, and flavanol (p < 0.05). The present study further revealed that the secondary metabolites in the leaf and rhizome extracts of P. emodi are an excellent source of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, thus validating the species' therapeutic potential. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01242-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Joshi
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand 263 643 India
| | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand 263 643 India
| | - Indra D. Bhatt
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand 263 643 India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 136 India
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Chaiyong S, Sutthanont N, Menakongka A. Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxic Property Against Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line and GC/MS Analysis from Leaf of Erythrophleum succirubrum Gagnep. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3187-3194. [PMID: 36172683 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plants are valuable sources of new pharmaceuticals. Secondary metabolites of the genus Erythrophleum exhibit cytotoxicity and may have therapeutic value. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Erythrophleum succirubrum Gagnep. against a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line was assessed. METHODS Crude extract of E. succirubrum was prepared by ethanol extraction. The ethanolic leaf extract of E. succirubrum was evaluated for cytotoxicity against the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line KKU-M213 using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The chemical composition of E. succirubrum leaf extract was analyzed using GC/MS. RESULT The ethanolic leaf extract of E. succirubrum reduced the viability of KKU-M213 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It showed high cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 65.22 ± 1.18 µg/mL and 1.19 ± 1.38 µg/mL at exposure times of 24 and 96 h, respectively. GC/MS analysis of the ethanolic leaf extract of E. succirubrum identified 22 components. The main constituents identified were Cyclohexanone, 2-[2-nitro-1-(2-naphthyl)ethyl]-(14.79%) followed by allomycin (14.65%), mome inositol (14.30%), campesterol (11.80%) and ethyl linolenate (10.83%), respectively. CONCLUSION Five major groups of compounds were found, with lipids dominating, followed by carbohydrates, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides and organoheterocyclic compounds. Many of the bioactive components discovered in the ethanolic leaf extract of E. succirubrum might be responsible for its cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanda Chaiyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nataya Sutthanont
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Apaporn Menakongka
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Syame SM, Mohamed SM, Elgabry EA, Darwish YAA, Mansour AS. Chemical characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of Swietenia mahagoni. AMB Express 2022; 12:77. [PMID: 35705723 PMCID: PMC9200926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the most important cause of death worldwide. Many of these diseases show great resistance to drugs and antibiotics with long-term use. Extracts of some medicinal plants have antimicrobial properties, which can treat and overcome these diseases. Meliaceae is a family of timber trees used extensively in treating many bacterial and fungal diseases, especially Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. In this study, phytochemical screening, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of the methanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) leaves were performed. Phytochemical screening exhibited the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, glycosides, and tannins. GC/MS analysis exhibited 40 compounds, mainly 7-hexadecene, (Z)-, imidazole-4,5-d2, and 1-acetyl-4,4-bis[4-(3-bromopropoxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl] piperidine. The antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the methanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) leaves was investigated using the agar well diffusion technique. Potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were found. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations ranged from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was studied using the free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value of the leaf extract was 69.9 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity was screened using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the IC50 value was 44.2 µg/mL. These findings suggested the importance of this plant in treating some bacterial and fungal infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier M Syame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy M Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E A Elgabry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa S Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Abdelkhalek ST, Abdelgayed SS, Jiang H, Wang MQ. The Toxicity of Eichhornia crassipes Fractionated Extracts against Aphis craccivora and Its Safety in Albino Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35622574 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eichhornia crassipes were evaluated in order to investigate the insecticidal activity towards Aphis craccivora adults. The LC50 values were promising and reflected the bio-efficacy of the tested extracts (39 and 42 mg/L), respectively, and reduced the fecundity markedly. Using GC/MS analysis, the major components were n-hexadecanoic, linolenic, hexadecenoic, myristic, stearic acids, linolelaidic acid, methyl ester and some terpenoids, alkaloids, and hydrocarbons. A safety assessment of non-target organisms is essential for the development of new pesticides. In order to guide the rational use of the most potential insecticidal extracts AcF and EtF, the effect of these extracts on body weight, hematological indices, biochemical indicators, and histopathology of some relevant organs of albino rats (as a model for mammals) was investigated. The research outcomes revealed that the LC50 of AcF and EtF extracts had gradually raised body weight for 14 days (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no remarkable alternations in the complete blood count (CBC); only a slight decrease in the monocytes count (612 ± 159.80 × 103 µL) in the EtF-treated group. There was a notable increase in alanine transferase (ALT) activity (36.73 ± 1.44 IU/L) in the AcF-treated group. No destructive changes were noted with the remaining biochemical parameters. Cholesterol and triglycerides non-significantly increased in the EtF group, whereas, cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the AcF group. In addition, histopathological examination reflected minor changes in AcF and EtF groups in the form of mild inflammation in the lungs and mild vacuolar degeneration in the kidneys, while no lesions were detected in the heart and liver in the same groups. Thus, the present research suggested that AcF and EtF extracts of E. crassipes are safe green insecticides for insect control strategies.
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12
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Seifipour Naghneh N, Rafiei F, Shahbazi E, Gheisari MM. Chemical bioactive profile of mountain celery as affected by vegetative stages. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5643-5646. [PMID: 34969339 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2022667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mountain celery (MC) is an endemic plant native to Iran. The plant possesses several nutritional and industrial applications bestowed by a wide range of bioactive compounds. The present study investigated some changes in the chemical composition of fresh arial parts of MC at different vegetative stages. The headspace (HS) technique in tandem with GC-MS analysis were implemented to identify bioactive compounds. Results indicated that phthalides, sesquiterpenes, and monoterpenes were the main constituents in MC. It was found that MC had higher concentration and more diverse composition of phthalides at younger age. It seems MC farming has the potential to be commercialized with a decent revenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Seifipour Naghneh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fariba Rafiei
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shahbazi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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13
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Žabka M, Pavela R, Kovaříková K, Tříska J, Vrchotová N, Bednář J. Antifungal and Insecticidal Potential of the Essential Oil from Ocimum sanctum L. against Dangerous Fungal and Insect Species and Its Safety for Non-Target Useful Soil Species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102180. [PMID: 34685990 PMCID: PMC8540552 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal and insecticidal effect of the essential oil from Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated using a model set of harmful organisms hazardous for health and the economy. Toxigenic and plant pathogenic filamentous fungi, including causal agents of human infections, were chosen as exemplary fungal groups—Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus. Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm), Culex quinquefasciatus (Southern house mosquito), the lymphatic filariasis vector and potential Zika virus vector, and the common housefly, Musca domestica were chosen as model insects. Major and minor active substances were detected and quantified using GC/MS analysis. Environmental safety was verified using the non-target useful organism Eisenia fetida. Significant antifungal and insecticidal activity, as well as environmental safety, were confirmed. The essential oil showed the highest efficacy against A. flavus according to MIC50/90, and against S. littoralis larvae according to LD50/90. The monoterpenoid alcohol linalool, t-methyl cinnamate, and estragole as phenylpropanoids were detected as effective major components (85.4%). The essential oil from Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated as universal and significantly efficient, providing a high potential for use in environmentally safe botanical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Žabka
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-233-022-285; Fax: +420-233-311-592
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Kateřina Kovaříková
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Jan Tříska
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotopic Analyses, Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.T.); (N.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Naděžda Vrchotová
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotopic Analyses, Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.T.); (N.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jan Bednář
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotopic Analyses, Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.T.); (N.V.); (J.B.)
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14
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Miastkowska M, Kantyka T, Bielecka E, Kałucka U, Kamińska M, Kucharska M, Kilanowicz A, Cudzik D, Cudzik K. Enhanced Biological Activity of a Novel Preparation of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil. Molecules 2021; 26:2458. [PMID: 33922508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavandula angustifolia, one of the most popular medicinal plants, is the source of a bioactive essential oil characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activity, e.g., antiseptic, analgesic, and anticancer effects. In dermatology, the oil helps to relieve skin inflammation and exhibit wound healing potential. However, the mechanism of action of the lavender oil depends on its composition, which in turn is dependent on the origin and growing conditions. Our study aimed to compare the composition and proregenerative properties of the commercially-available narrow-leaved lavender oil produced in Provence, France, with the oil obtained from the narrow-leaved lavender cultivated locally in Poland. GC/MS analysis showed that self-manufactured essential oil had lower linalool content than commercial oil (23.2 vs. 40.2%), comparable linalyl acetate content (40.6 vs. 44%), while the proportion of lavandulyl acetate was significantly higher (23.2 vs. 5.5%). To determine the influence of lavender oil on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proregenerative growth factors, gene expression of the selected signaling molecules by HaCaT cells was investigated using real-time PCR. Results showed a concentration-dependent effect of lavender oils on the production of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF by the keratinocyte cell line. Finally, the potential of the lavender oil to increase the production of VEGF, the most important angiogenic factor, with the in-house preparation performing significantly better in the in vitro cell models was identified.
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Ghavam M, Manconi M, Manca ML, Bacchetta G. Extraction of essential oil from Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. (Lamiaceae), identification of two active compounds and evaluation of the antimicrobial properties. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113513. [PMID: 33172599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dracocephalum kotschyi is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine to treat pain, fever, inflammation, and seizures. AIM OF THE STUDY Due to the importance of this plant and the well-known antibacterial activity of essential oils, the aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of essential oil and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of its main active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to test its possible application at industrial level the oil was extract from the cultivated and wild plants. The epigean parts were collected in June 2018 from the same region of Daran (Isfahan, Iran). The extraction of essential oil was carried out using a Clevenger apparatus. The composition of the essential oil was assayed by using a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy apparatus (GC/MS). RESULTS Results showed that the predominant compounds of essential oil of cultivated plants were α-pinene (13.66%), (E)-citral (12.89%), neral (11.25%), methyl geranate (8.66%), limonene (8.33%), campholenal (6.22%) and geraniol (5.69%), while those found in naturally grown plants were two main compounds: cyclohexylallene (52.63%) and limonene (35.88%). The antimicrobial properties of the plant were determined against 12 strains of microorganism by evaluating inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The highest inhibition halo for both oils from cultivated and wild plants was obtained against Aspergillus brasiliensis. The MIC value against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis was 31.25 μg/ml, it was the lowest value provided by the essential oil obtained from the cultivated sample, the MIC was significantly lower than that obtained by treating the same strain with Rifampin. On the other hand, Candida albicans had the highest sensitivity (MIC value of 31.25 μg/ml) for the essential oil obtained from wild plants as the inhibitory concentration was lower than that obtained treating the yeast with Nystatin. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, according to the results of the present study, the use of the essential oil obtained from D. kotschyi can be used to protect food and to treat microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansureh Ghavam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Department Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Italy
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16
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Mannu A, Melito S, Petretto GL, Manconi P, Pintore GM, Chessa M. Geographical variation of the chemical composition in essential oils extracted from Sardinian Salvia verbenaca. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:367-370. [PMID: 32634055 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1788021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Salvia verbenaca is a perennial herbaceous plant well appreciated as medicinal herb which can be found in Mediterranean area, Europe, Africa and Asia. In this study, S. verbenaca flowers and leaves were collected in six different geographical areas of Sardinia (Italy). Information about the variation of the chemical composition of plants grown in different locations were obtained from gas chromatography analysis of the extracted essential oils. Gas chromatography analysis detected 33 compounds, which have been grouped in oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes and other compounds. The chemical composition of each group resulted significantly affected by sampling site in terms of geography and altitude. Concerning the geographical distribution of the detected chemicals, sesquiterpenes were found in considerable amount in three localities, monoterpenes hydrocarbons in two and other compounds were predominant only in one site. Regarding the altitude level, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and other compounds were predominant, respectively, at medium and medium-high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mannu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Melito
- Department of Agriculture Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Manconi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Mario Chessa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Vukoja J, Pichler A, Ivić I, Šimunović J, Kopjar M. Cellulose as a Delivery System of Raspberry Juice Volatiles and Their Stability. Molecules 2020; 25:E2624. [PMID: 32516923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulation of delivery systems for active ingredients is of increasing importance for the food industry. For that purpose, we selected cellulose as a carrier polymer of raspberry volatiles. Freeze-dried cellulose/raspberry complexes were prepared by complexation of raspberry juice (constant amount) and cellulose (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). In our study, cellulose was shown as a good carrier of raspberry juice volatiles. Thirty-nine volatiles were detected in raspberry juice while 11 of them were lost during preparation of the complexes. Berry flavor note was the dominant one in raspberry juice (40% of overall flavor), followed by citrus and woody notes (each around 18% of overall flavor) and floral, fruity, and green (each around 8% of overall flavor). Cellulose/raspberry complexes had different flavor profiles, but a berry flavor note was still the dominant one in all complexes. These results suggest an efficient plant-based approach to produce value-added cellulose/volatile dry complexes with possible utility as food flavoring ingredients.
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Di Stefano V, Schillaci D, Cusimano MG, Rishan M, Rashan L. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Frankincense Oils from Boswellia sacra Grown in Different Locations of the Dhofar Region (Oman). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E195. [PMID: 32325952 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Frankincense essential oils from Boswellia sacra have been commonly used to treat microbial infections from as early as the 11th century. The main feature of the plant is its gum resin, from which it is possible to obtain essential oils. In the present study, we focused on the comparative study of the oils extracted from the resins of three different Boswellia sacra cultivars (Najdi, Sahli and Houjri). From each of frankincense resin three successive essential oil samples (Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3) were obtained. Houjri gum resin gave the lowest percentage (5%) of total essential oil content but showed the maximum number of volatile components in all three grades. Najdi Grade 2 essential oil showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 52 mg/mL toward relevant pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa, and samples from Grade 2 of Sahily and Houjiri were particularly active against a dermatological strain Propionibacterium acnes, displaying MIC values of 0.264 and 0.66 mg/mL, respectively. Data obtained from in vitro studies showed that all essential oils had a significant antifungal effect against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur, showing MIC values ranging from 54.56 to 0.246 mg/mL. This work aims to increase the number of substances available in the fight against pathogens and to combat the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, encouraging the use of alternative resources, especially in non-clinical settings (farms, food processing, etc.).
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Rustamova N, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Yili A. Biological Activity of Endophytic Fungi from the Roots of the Medicinal Plant Vernonia anthelmintica. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E586. [PMID: 32316675 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were first isolated from the fresh root of the Chinese medicinal plant Vernonia anthelmintica collected from the Hotan Prefecture within the Xinjiang Autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China. This plant has been used in Uyghur traditional medicine to treat vitiligo, a skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. In total, fifteen fungal strains were isolated. Among these, four endophytic fungi were identified by their DNA sequences and registered to GenBank with accession numbers. The isolates were identified as Schizophyllum commune XJA1, Talaromyces sp. XJA4, Aspergillus sp. XJA6, Aspergillus terreus XJA8. Ethyl acetate extracts of all fungal strains were used to quantify melanin content and to identify in vitro biological activity assays including antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and tyrosinase activity on B16 cells. Among the extracts of all four identified strains, the ethyl acetate extract of the Aspergillus sp. XJA6 was chosen for further characterization because it presented the highest biological activity against these tests. In addition, twenty four volatile compounds from the petroleum ether fraction were characterized by GC–MS.
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20
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Sumalan RM, Kuganov R, Obistioiu D, Popescu I, Radulov I, Alexa E, Negrea M, Salimzoda AF, Sumalan RL, Cocan I. Assessment of Mint, Basil, and Lavender Essential Oil Vapor-Phase in Antifungal Protection and Lemon Fruit Quality. Molecules 2020; 25:E1831. [PMID: 32316315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing natural methods to replace the current chemicals used for maintaining postharvest quality of citrus fruits. The essential oil antifungal activity of mint (MEO), basil (BEO), and lavender (LEO) acting as the vapor-phases was tested against Penicillium digitatum. The minimum doses with fungistatic and fungicidal effect, in vitro, acting as the vapor-phases, were set up. The minimum fungicidal dose was 300 μL for BEO and 350 μL LEO, while for MEO only minimal dose with fungistatic effect was reached. The IC50 values were calculated and used (v/v) for testing preservation of lemon fruits, in close space enriched in vapor oil. For this purpose, the following two independent in vivo experiments were carried out: experiment 1, inoculated lemons with P. digitatum stored without chemical treatments 7 days, at 22 ± 2 °C, at two concentrations (C1—IC50 equivalent; C2—half of C1); and experiment 2, the non-inoculated lemons kept under the same conditions and concentrations of EO vapor served to evaluate the lemon quality properties. The results showed that antifungal protective effect was provided in the order of LEO-C1 > BEO-C1 > MEO-C1 > BEO-C2 > MEO-C2 > LEO-C2. The quality indicators like weight loss, pH, and firmness were not negatively influenced.
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21
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Salem MZM, Behiry SI, El-Hefny M. Inhibition of Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizoctonia solani by n-hexane extracts of three plant species as a wood-treated oil fungicide. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1683-1699. [PMID: 30887609 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Wood as a packing tool is used for packaging and transportation of fruits and vegetables for a time period varying from hours to days. During transportation, fruits and vegetables can be affected by moulds with significant postharvest problems. The present study describes the possibility of using wood-treated oil fungicide of n-hexane extracts from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (aerial parts), Vitex agenus-castus (leaves) and Matricaria chamomilla (flowers) against the infestation of Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium chrysogenum. METHODS AND RESULTS Air-dried wood samples of Melia azedarach were prepared with the dimensions of 0·5 × 1 × 2 cm and treated with the oily extracts at the concentrations of 0, 1, 2 and 3%. Oils extracted with n-hexane from E. camaldulensis and V. agenus-castus showed promising antifungal activities against the isolated and molecularly identified three fungi F. culmorum, R. solani and P. chrysogenum, while M. chamomilla observed the lowest activity against the studied fungi. GC/MS analysis of oils reported that the major components in E. camaldulensis were β-fenchol (25·51%), Cyclobuta[1,2:3,4]dicyclooctene-1,7(2H,6bH)-dione,dodecahydro,(6αβ,6βα,12αα,12ββ)- (17·05), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (12·01%) and sabinene (9·45%); in V. agenus-castus were eucalyptol (22·17%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (18·39%), and β-sitosterol (12·44%); while in M. chamomilla were bisabolol oxide A (27·87%), (Z)-β-farnesene (16·11%), D-limonene (14·18%) and chamazulene (11·27%). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest using n-hexane oily extracts from E. camaldulensis and V. agenus-castus as a biofungicide for wood protection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study highlights the importance of using bio-friendly fungicide agents to protect wood against most common moulds occurring during handling of food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M El-Hefny
- Department of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Batsalova T, Basheva D, Bardarov K, Bardarov V, Dzhambazov B, Teneva I. Assessment of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of extracts from the cyanobacterium Fischerella major Gomont. Chemosphere 2019; 218:93-103. [PMID: 30469008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanoprokaryotes (Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta) are ancient photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms with cosmopolitan distribution. They are producers of a number of biologically active substances with antitumor and antifungal activity, vitamins, antibiotics, algaecides, insecticides, repellents, hormones, immunosuppressants and toxins. So far, the cyanobacterium Fischerella major Gomont has not been studied regarding its impact on the environment and human health. In this study, the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antitumor activities of four extracts prepared from Fischerella major were evaluated in vitro. In addition, the total phenolic content and the potential for production of cyanotoxins were also analyzed. The conducted GC/MS analysis identified 45 compounds with different chemical nature and biological activity. Presence of microcystins and saxitoxins was detected in all Fischerella major extracts. In vitro testing on cell cultures showed a significant concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on all cell lines (HeLa, SK-Hep-1 and FL) treated at three exposure times (24, 48 and 72 h) with four extracts. A selective antitumor effect was not observed. This is the first study demonstrating biological activity of extracts from Fischerella major, which makes it an interesting subject for further research, including environmental risk assessments (as producer of cyanotoxins) or as a potential source of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tsar Assen St, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Diyana Basheva
- Department of Botany, Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tsar Assen St, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tsar Assen St, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Teneva
- Department of Botany, Plovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tsar Assen St, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Sutlović D, Prkačin I, Vaiano F, Bertol E, Bratinčević MV, Definis-Gojanović M. A case of synthetic cannabinoid poisoning in Croatia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:186-90. [PMID: 29990295 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of new psychoactive substances (NPS), synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) in particular, is growing constantly. Because of the insufficiently explored effects on consumer health, they have become a major problem in the emergency departments. They are difficult to identify, and there are no antidotes that could reverse their detrimental effects. We report a case of poisoning of a young man who used SCs. The patient was admitted to the emergency department of the Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zagreb (Croatia) after sniffing and smoking a herbal product bought on the street. He presented with severe cognitive difficulties and visible eye redness. Other symptoms included somnolence, disorientation, loss of coordination, unsteady gait, hyporeflexia, stiffness, cramps and cold limbs, blurred vision, teeth grinding, dry mouth, tinnitus, fear, suicidal thoughts, impaired focus, memory, and speech, sedation, fatigue, depression, thought blocking, and autistic behaviour. His skin was dry, and his mucosa dry and irritated. Herbal products "Rainbow Special" and "Luminated Aroma" used by the patient were qualitatively analysed with gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after direct extraction with an organic solvent. Solid-phase extraction method was used to analyse serum and urine samples. Despite the negative findings of biological samples, mostly due to the limitations of GC/MS, the clinical picture infallibly pointed to the poisoning with SCs. This was confirmed by the findings of 5-fluoro AMB (methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate) in the herbal products.
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Rahimi MA, Nazeri V, Andi SA, Sefidkon F. Variation in essential oil composition of Teucrium hircanicum L. from Iran-A rich source of (E)-α-bergamotene. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:1227-1232. [PMID: 29781296 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1466122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In present work, the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from dried flowering aerial parts of Teucrium hircanicum L. (Labiatae) originated from ten wild populations in Iran was analyzed by a GC-FID and GC/MS system. The oil yields varied from 0.04% to 0.1%. A total of thirty-two compounds representing 67.6-97.7% of the oil were identified. The essential oil was found to be rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarpons (E)-α-bergamotene (17.5-86.9%) and (E)-β-farnesene (0.5-21.4%). Of the total identified compounds, sesquiterpene hydrocarpons (36.1-89.7%) were included the greatest essential oil fraction in all the populations, followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (2.2-21.6%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.0-14.4%) and monoterepene hydrocarbons (0.0-9.5%). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to distinguish any geographical variations, indicating that the clustering of populations is related to their geographic origin. According to the GC/MS analysis, two chemotypes consisting of (E)-α-bergamotene and (E)-α-bergamotene-(E)-β-farnesene were identified in the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Rahimi
- a Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Horticultural Sciences , University of Tehran , Karaj , Iran
| | - Vahideh Nazeri
- a Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Horticultural Sciences , University of Tehran , Karaj , Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Andi
- b Faculty of Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants, Department of Basic Science , Amol University of Special Modern Technologies , Amol , Iran
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Quradha MM, Khan R, Rehman MU, Abohajeb A. Chemical composition and in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and methanol extract from Rumex nervosus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2554-2559. [PMID: 29553812 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1452009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical composition, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimacrobial activities of essential oil obtained from leaves of Rumex nervosus has been evaluated here for the first time. GC/MS analysis reveals the presence of Palmitoleic Acid (28.35%) and Palmitic acid, (25. 37%) as their methyl ester as major components. The essential oil showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity (94.907 ± 0.1089% and 94.003 ± 0.0749%) at concentration (100 and 80) μg/mL respectively. The oil showed promising activity against staph aureus, while showed weak activity against (Hela and 3T3) cell lines. The crude extract / fractions of R. nervosus (leaves) showed significant antioxidant activity at dose (100 and 80) μg/mL. Futhermore the crude showed significant activity against (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines with IC50 (20.5138 ± 0.933 and 25.1728 ± 0.9176) μg/mL respectively, and chloroform fraction showed good activity against (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines with IC50 (31.154 ± 0.965 and 42.269 ± 2.1045) μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasool Khan
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb-Ur- Rehman
- b H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Abohajeb
- b H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
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Zahin M, Khan MS, Abul Qais F, Abulreesh HH, Ahmad I. Antioxidant properties and anti-mutagenic potential of Piper Cubeba fruit extract and molecular docking of certain bioactive compounds. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 41:358-367. [PMID: 29411658 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1429459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spices and herbs are recognized as sources of natural antioxidants and thus play an important role in the chemoprevention of diseases and aging. Piper cubeba is one among them and known for its medicinal properties for decades. Various biological activities are associated with its extract and phytocompounds. However, the anti-mutagenic activity of antioxidant rich extract is less explored. In this study, we performed the fraction-based antioxidant activity of P. cubeba using four different assays and evaluated the anti-mutagenic activity of most potent antioxidant fraction using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains against four mutagens (methyl methanesulfonate [MMS], sodium azide [SA], benzo(a)pyrene, and 2-aminoflourene) respectively. Among all tested fractions at 25-200 µg/ml, ethanolic extract revealed highest antioxidant activity and significant anti-mutagenicity against both direct and indirect acting mutagens at least one tester strain. Phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of various phytocompounds including copaene, isocaryophyllene, α-cubebene, etc. Molecular docking studies on DNA binding interactions of GC/MS detected phytocompounds highlight the possible mode of binding. In summary, these in vitro studies have provided the scientific basis for validation of using this plant in the traditional system of medicine and highlighted the need for exploring the role of various compounds for therapeutic efficacy. On the other hand, synergistic interaction among phytocompounds is to be explored to optimize or standardize the extracts for the exploitation in modern phytomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahin
- a Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Mohammad Shavez Khan
- a Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- a Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Hussein Hasan Abulreesh
- b Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Biology , Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- a Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Wluka AK, Rüdel H, Pohl K, Schwarzbauer J. Analytical method development for the determination of eight biocides in various environmental compartments and application for monitoring purposes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21894-21907. [PMID: 27530197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was the development of simple multi-parameter methods for the analyses of biocides in various environmental matrices (wastewater, surface water, and sewage sludge) for measurement and monitoring activities. Eight target substances (triclosan, methyltriclosan (transformation product of triclosan), cybutryne (Irgarol), and the azole fungicides propiconazole, tebuconazole, imazalil, thiabendazole, and cyproconazole) were chosen for determination in selected sample sets. For surface water and wastewater samples a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and for sewage sludge samples an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were developed. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods (GC/MS), and the analytical methods were checked to ensure sufficient sensitivity by comparing the limits of quantification (LOQs) to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of the selected biocides. For quality control, recovery rates were determined. Finally, developed methods were checked and validated by application on sample material from various matrices. Sampling took place in seven urban wastewater treatment plants and their corresponding receiving waters. The results revealed that the developed extraction methods are effective and simple and allow the determination of a broad range of biocides in various environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Wluka
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Energy and Mineral Resources Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Business Area Environmental Monitoring, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Korinna Pohl
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Energy and Mineral Resources Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
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von Hoermann C, Ruther J, Ayasse M. Volatile Organic Compounds of Decaying Piglet Cadavers Perceived by Nicrophorus vespilloides. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:756-767. [PMID: 27369281 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the necrophagous burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera: Silphidae), cadaver preference appears to depend on cadaver size and on the maturity of the beetle. We previously showed that newly emerged females with immature ovaries prefer later stages of decomposition of large cadavers. Our present aim is the determination of specific chemical compounds involved in the discrimination of cadaveric odor bouquets and the recognition of specific stages of decomposition. We used headspace samples of maggot-infested piglet cadavers at various decomposition stages and performed gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD) to record 45 EAD-active compounds. Using GC coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified 13 of the EAD-active compounds. The headspace of the fresh decomposition stage was characterized mainly by high relative amounts of trimethylpyrazine. High relative amounts of dimethyl trisulfide were characteristic of bloated, post-bloating, and advanced decay stages. The advanced decay and dry remains stages were dominated by high relative amounts of phenol. Statistically, this compound had the highest impact on discrimination between the fresh decomposition stage, which is important for mature burying beetles for reproduction, and the advanced decay stage, which is nutritionally more attractive for newly emerged beetles. Phenol might, therefore, function as a key substance for newly emerged female burying beetles, so that they can locate suitable cadavers for feeding to maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Hoermann
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 10-1 Containerstadt, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Joachim Ruther
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 10-1 Containerstadt, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
Fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs rich in phenolics antioxidants contribute toward reduced risk of age-related diseases and cancer. In this study, Psidium guajava leaf extract was fractionated in various organic solvents viz. petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, ethanl and methanol and tested for their antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. Methanolic fraction showed maximum antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) as tested by DPPH free radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, FRAP (Fe3 + reducing power) and CUPRAC (cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing ability) assays. The fraction was analyzed for antimutagenic activities against sodium azide (NaN3), methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), 2-aminofluorene (2AF) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in Ames Salmonella tester strains. The methanol extracted fraction at 80 μg/ml concentration inhibited above 70% mutagenicity. Further, phytochemical analysis of methanol fraction that was found to be most active revealed the presence of nine major compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This data suggests that guava contains high amount of phenolics responsible for broad-spectrum antimutagenic and antioxidant properties in vitro and could be potential candidates to be explored as modern phytomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahin
- a Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , UP , India and.,b James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- a Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , UP , India and
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- a Department of Agricultural Microbiology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , UP , India and.,b James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
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Kacmaz S, Zelinkova Z, Wenzl T. Rapid and sensitive method for the determination of four EU marker polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cereal-based foods using isotope-dilution GC/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:631-8. [PMID: 26950570 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1162032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of the four European Union marker polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene) in some cereal-based foods. The method is based on pressurised liquid extraction (PLE), solid-phase extraction clean-up (SPE) and isotope-dilution gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The developed method was calibrated for the content range of 0.05-12.5 µg kg(-1) (expressed on a product basis). Recoveries of PAH were monitored in each sample via the recovery of (13)C-labelled PAHs. Recovery values were in the range between 86% and 91%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 5% and 9%. The achieved limits of detection for all analytes were below 0.05 µg kg(-1). The applicability of the method for the analysis of routine samples was studied by the analysis of a set of commercial bread and breakfast cereal samples. In all analysed samples, benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) was the most prevalent PAH with the content between 0.09 and 0.30 µg kg(-1). On average, samples showed low levels of the sum of the four EU marker PAHs (ΣPAH4) that ranged between 0.11 and 0.22 µg kg(-1) for bread samples and between 0.23 and 0.87 µg kg(-1) for breakfast cereal samples. The developed method was found suitable for the determination of PAHs in cereal-based foods like cornflakes and breads with total relative fat contents below 3.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Kacmaz
- a Giresun University , Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Zuzana Zelinkova
- b European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements , Geel , Belgium
| | - Thomas Wenzl
- b European Commission, Joint Research Centre , Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements , Geel , Belgium
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Ghaffar A, Yameen M, Kiran S, Kamal S, Jalal F, Munir B, Saleem S, Rafiq N, Ahmad A, Saba I, Jabbar A. Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species. Molecules 2015; 20:20487-98. [PMID: 26593893 PMCID: PMC6332271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yameen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shumaila Kiran
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Jalal
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Munir
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Naila Rafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry/US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (USPCAS/AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Iram Saba
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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Geider K, Gernold M, Jock S, Wensing A, Völksch B, Gross J, Spiteller D. Unifying bacteria from decaying wood with various ubiquitous Gibbsiella species as G. acetica sp. nov. based on nucleotide sequence similarities and their acetic acid secretion. Microbiol Res 2015; 181:93-104. [PMID: 26071988 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria were isolated from necrotic apple and pear tree tissue and from dead wood in Germany and Austria as well as from pear tree exudate in China. They were selected for growth at 37 °C, screened for levan production and then characterized as Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. Nucleotide sequences from 16S rRNA genes, the housekeeping genes dnaJ, gyrB, recA and rpoB alignments, BLAST searches and phenotypic data confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis showed that these bacteria belong to the genus Gibbsiella and resembled strains isolated from diseased oaks in Britain and Spain. Gibbsiella-specific PCR primers were designed from the proline isomerase and the levansucrase genes. Acid secretion was investigated by screening for halo formation on calcium carbonate agar and the compound identified by NMR as acetic acid. Its production by Gibbsiella spp. strains was also determined in culture supernatants by GC/MS analysis after derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Some strains were differentiated by the PFGE patterns of SpeI digests and by sequence analyses of the lsc and the ppiD genes, and the Chinese Gibbsiella strain was most divergent. The newly investigated bacteria as well as Gibbsiella querinecans, Gibbsiella dentisursi and Gibbsiella papilionis, isolated in Britain, Spain, Korea and Japan, are taxonomically related Enterobacteriaceae, tolerate and secrete acetic acid. We therefore propose to unify them in the species Gibbsiella acetica sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Geider
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Marina Gernold
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Susanne Jock
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Annette Wensing
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Beate Völksch
- FSU Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, Neugasse 25, Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Gross
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Jena and Chemical Ecology/Biological Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Saeed T, Al-Shimmari F, Al-Mutairi A, Abdullah H. Spatial assessment of the sewage contamination of Kuwait's marine areas. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 94:307-317. [PMID: 25691339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of sewage to the coastal areas resulting in the deteriorating quality of seawater and polluted sediments has been one of important stressor in Kuwait. The objective of this study was to conduct spatial assessment of sewage contamination of coastal areas. The assessment was carried out by measuring fecal sterols as indicator of sewage contamination, in the marine sediments collected from 112 locations throughout the Kuwait's marine areas. The samples were extracted and sterols separated. Derivatized sterols were analyzed by GC/MS in selected ion monitoring mode. The results showed that areas in the vicinity of the sewage outfalls were heavily contaminated. The western part of Kuwait Bay was worst in terms of contamination level. Two off-shore sites in Kuwait Bay were also classified as contaminated. Coprostanol levels in Kuwait Bay ranged from 0 to 39,428 ng/g. Southern coastal areas were less severely contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Saeed
- Environmental Management Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Fatima Al-Shimmari
- Environmental Management Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Mutairi
- Environmental Management Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Hameeda Abdullah
- Environmental Management Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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Kumar MN, Gialleli AI, Masson JB, Kandylis P, Bekatorou A, Koutinas AA, Kanellaki M. Lactic acid fermentation by cells immobilised on various porous cellulosic materials and their alginate/poly-lactic acid composites. Bioresour Technol 2014; 165:332-335. [PMID: 24690466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Porous delignified cellulose (or tubular cellulose, abbr. TC) from Indian Mango (Mangifera indica) and Sal (Shorea robusta) wood and Rice husk, and TC/Ca-alginate/polylactic acid composites, were used as Lactobacillus bulgaricus immobilisation carriers leading to improvements in lactic acid fermentation of cheese whey and synthetic lactose media, compared to free cells. Specifically, shorter fermentation rates, higher lactic acid yields (g/g sugar utilised) and productivities (g/Ld), and higher amounts of volatile by-products were achieved, while no significant differences were observed on the performance of the different immobilised biocatalysts. The proposed biocatalysts are of food grade purity, cheap and easy to prepare, and they are attractive for bioprocess development based on immobilised cells. Such composite biocatalysts may be used for the co-immobilisation of different microorganisms or enzymes (in separate layers of the biocatalyst), to efficiently conduct different types of fermentations in the same bioreactor, avoiding inhibition problems of chemical or biological (competition) nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Nishant Kumar
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Jean Bernard Masson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, 24 avenue des Landais, BP-20206, 63174 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Panagiotis Kandylis
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Argyro Bekatorou
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios A Koutinas
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Maria Kanellaki
- Food Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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Naeini A, Naderi NJ, Shokri H. Analysis and in vitro anti-Candida antifungal activity of Cuminum cyminum and Salvadora persica herbs extracts against pathogenic Candida strains. J Mycol Med 2014; 24:13-8. [PMID: 24210587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The in vitro antifungal activities of essential oil from Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) and alcoholic extract from Salvadora persica (S. persica) were investigated in order to evaluate their efficacy against C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. dubliniensis ATCC CD60, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019. METHODS The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The disc diffusion and broth macrodilution methods were used as antifungal susceptibility tests. RESULTS The GC/MS analysis allowed 17 components to be determined; the main constituents of C. cyminum essential oil were α-pinene (30%), limonene (21%) and 1,8-cineole (18.5%). C. cyminum oil had a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against different pathogenic Candida species. Inhibition zone values ranged from 7 to 50mm for C. cyminum and 0 to 10mm for S. persica against the organisms tested. The best minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. cyminum oil was associated with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis (289 mg/L) and the MICs of S. persica extract were 4.9 mg/mL and 20mg/mL against C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggested the potential substitution of the antifungal chemicals by C. cyminum essential oil and S. persica alcoholic extract as natural inhibitors to control the growth of the most important pathogenic Candida species and alternative therapies for candidiasis.
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Zhao YP, Zhu WW, Wei XY, Fan X, Cao JP, Dou YQ, Zong ZM, Zhao W. Synergic effect of methanol and water on pine liquefaction. Bioresour Technol 2013; 142:504-509. [PMID: 23765001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pine liquefaction (PL) and re-liquefaction of its liquefaction residues in sub- and supercritical methanol, water or methanol/water mixed solvents (MWMSs) was investigated. The results show that isometric MWMS has the highest synergic effect on PL. Moreover, the total yield of bio-oil (BO) and conversion from pine and its residue both liquefied in the MWMS were obvious higher than those from PL in methanol (water) and re-liquefaction of its residue in water (methanol), suggesting that the interaction between the two solvents is responsible for synergic effect. This approach facilitates understanding the mechanism for biomass liquefaction in mixed solvents and developing efficient utilization process of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
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