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Buchholtz N, Hermans L, Umunnakwe C, De Jong T, Osman A, Symons J, Tempelman H, Wensing A, Nijhuis M. PP 3.8 – 00137 Characterization of the HIV-1 subtype C reservoir during ART in South-African men and women. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Umunnakwe CN, Makatini ZN, Mdunyelwa A, Mphanga M, Nijhuis M, Wensing A, Tempelman HA. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in a young man recovering from traumatic pneumothorax. S Afr Med J 2022; 112:13499. [PMID: 35139987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in an HIV-negative 21-year-old man recovering from abdominal and thoracic trauma. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected at 12 time points over a 95-day span all tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genotyping revealed canonical beta-variant E484K and N501Y mutations at earlier time points. Human rhinovirus, coronavirus NL63 and respiratory syncytial virus B were detected at different time points by RT-PCR. Full blood analysis at time point 9 (day 82) showed leukopenia with lymphocytosis. The patient's NP swab tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR 101 days after the first positive test. The prolonged duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in the context of trauma presented here is unique and has important implications for COVID-19 diagnosis, management and policy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Umunnakwe
- Ndlovu Laboratories, Elandsdoorn, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Ndlovu Research Consortium, Elandsdoorn, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
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Peil A, Hübert C, Wensing A, Horner M, Emeriewen OF, Richter K, Wöhner T, Chagné D, Orellana-Torrejon C, Saeed M, Troggio M, Stefani E, Gardiner SE, Hanke MV, Flachowsky H, Bus VG. Mapping of fire blight resistance in Malus ×robusta 5 flowers following artificial inoculation. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:532. [PMID: 31791233 PMCID: PMC6889339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the most common path of infection for fire blight, a severe bacterial disease on apple, is via host plant flowers, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fire blight resistance to date have exclusively been mapped following shoot inoculation. It is not known whether the same mechanism underlies flower and shoot resistance. RESULTS We report the detection of a fire blight resistance QTL following independent artificial inoculation of flowers and shoots on two F1 segregating populations derived from crossing resistant Malus ×robusta 5 (Mr5) with susceptible 'Idared' and 'Royal Gala' in experimental orchards in Germany and New Zealand, respectively. QTL mapping of phenotypic datasets from artificial flower inoculation of the 'Idared' × Mr5 population with Erwinia amylovora over several years, and of the 'Royal Gala' × Mr5 population in a single year, revealed a single major QTL controlling floral fire blight resistance on linkage group 3 (LG3) of Mr5. This QTL corresponds to the QTL on LG3 reported previously for the 'Idared' × Mr5 and an 'M9' × Mr5 population following shoot inoculation in the glasshouse. Interval mapping of phenotypic data from shoot inoculations of subsets from both flower resistance populations re-confirmed that the resistance QTL is in the same position on LG3 of Mr5 as that for flower inoculation. These results provide strong evidence that fire blight resistance in Mr5 is controlled by a major QTL on LG3, independently of the mode of infection, rootstock and environment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is independent of the mode of inoculation at least in Malus ×robusta 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Peil
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Hübert
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Annette Wensing
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Mary Horner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157 New Zealand
| | - Ofere Francis Emeriewen
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Richter
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wöhner
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Chagné
- PFR, Palmerston North Research Centre, Private Bag 1600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | | | - Munazza Saeed
- PFR, Palmerston North Research Centre, Private Bag 1600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Michela Troggio
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Erika Stefani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Susan E. Gardiner
- PFR, Palmerston North Research Centre, Private Bag 1600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vincent G.M. Bus
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157 New Zealand
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Eberhard J, Angin M, Passaes C, Salgado M, Díez Martín J, Nijhuis M, Wensing A, Martinez-Picado J, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Sáez-Cirión A. The IciStem consortium: T-cell immunology in HIV-1 infected individuals after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Salgado M, González V, Rivaya B, Gálvez C, Kwon M, Badiola J, Bandera A, Jensen B, Vandekerckhove L, Raj K, Nijhuis M, Jurado M, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Saez-Cirión A, Luis Diez-Martin J, Wensing A, Martinez-Picado J. HIV-seroreversion dynamics after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Salgado M, Kwon M, Gálvez C, Nijhuis M, Wiesch JS, Bandera A, Knops E, Badiola J, Jensen B, Saez-Cirión A, Jurado M, Kaiser R, Hutter G, Rocha V, Kobbe G, Wensing A, Diez J, Martinez-Picado J. OA5-1 Achievement of full donor chimerism with episodes of alloreactivity contributes to reduce the HIV reservoir after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Knops E, Kobbe G, Kaiser R, Luebke N, Dunay G, Fischer J, Huettig F, Wensing A, Haas R, Nijhuis M, Martinez-Picado J, Haeussinger D, Jensen B. Treatment of HIV and acute myeloid leukemia by allogeneic CCR5-d32 blood stem cell transplantation. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Geider K, Gernold M, Jock S, Wensing A, Völksch B, Gross J, Spiteller D. Unifying bacteria from decaying wood with various ubiquitous Gibbsiella species as G. acetica sp. nov. based on nucleotide sequence similarities and their acetic acid secretion. Microbiol Res 2015; 181:93-104. [PMID: 26071988 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria were isolated from necrotic apple and pear tree tissue and from dead wood in Germany and Austria as well as from pear tree exudate in China. They were selected for growth at 37 °C, screened for levan production and then characterized as Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. Nucleotide sequences from 16S rRNA genes, the housekeeping genes dnaJ, gyrB, recA and rpoB alignments, BLAST searches and phenotypic data confirmed by MALDI-TOF analysis showed that these bacteria belong to the genus Gibbsiella and resembled strains isolated from diseased oaks in Britain and Spain. Gibbsiella-specific PCR primers were designed from the proline isomerase and the levansucrase genes. Acid secretion was investigated by screening for halo formation on calcium carbonate agar and the compound identified by NMR as acetic acid. Its production by Gibbsiella spp. strains was also determined in culture supernatants by GC/MS analysis after derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Some strains were differentiated by the PFGE patterns of SpeI digests and by sequence analyses of the lsc and the ppiD genes, and the Chinese Gibbsiella strain was most divergent. The newly investigated bacteria as well as Gibbsiella querinecans, Gibbsiella dentisursi and Gibbsiella papilionis, isolated in Britain, Spain, Korea and Japan, are taxonomically related Enterobacteriaceae, tolerate and secrete acetic acid. We therefore propose to unify them in the species Gibbsiella acetica sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Geider
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Marina Gernold
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Susanne Jock
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Annette Wensing
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Beate Völksch
- FSU Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, Neugasse 25, Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Gross
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Jena and Chemical Ecology/Biological Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Gehring I, Wensing A, Gernold M, Wiedemann W, Coplin DL, Geider K. Molecular differentiation of Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes from subspecies stewartii and identification of new isolates from maize seeds. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1553-62. [PMID: 24905218 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Assays to detect Pantoea stewartii from maize seeds should include differentiation of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii and P. stewartii subsp. indologenes. METHODS AND RESULTS Previously published PCR primers for the identification of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii amplified signals from both subspecies using both conventional and quantitative PCR. In MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy analysis with the Biotyper software (Bruker), subspecies stewartii and indologenes produced identical score values. Analysis against the Biotyper database produced similar score values for both subspecies. From the subtyping methods provided by the Biotyper software, only composite correlation indexing (CCI) separated both groups. By alignment of 16S rRNA sequences, no subspecies distinction was possible. To develop new techniques for the separation of these subspecies, the partial sequences of several housekeeping genes were compared. The type strains of the two subspecies showed characteristic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes galE, glmS and recA. Other reference strains of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii followed the same nucleotide pattern, whereas known P. stewartii subsp. indologenes strains were different. Based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in galE and recA, PCR primers were created to separate the subspecies by stepdown PCR analysis. Two putative P. stewartii strains were isolated from imported maize seeds. They were not virulent on maize seedlings, were positive in the indole assay with Kovacs reagent and identified as P. stewartii subsp. indologenes. The subspecies-specific PCR primers confirmed they were subspecies indologenes. CONCLUSIONS By stepdown PCR, P. stewartii subsp. indologenes can be differentiated from P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A possible detection of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causative agent of Stewart's wilt of maize, in plant material by immunological or molecular assays must exclude contamination with P. stewartii subsp. indologenes, which would create false positives in seed tests and affect quarantine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gehring
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Dossenheim, Germany
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Wensing A, Gernold M, Jock S, Jansen R, Geider K. Identification and genetics of 6-thioguanine secreted by Erwinia species and its interference with the growth of other bacteria. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 289:215-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Konecki K, Gernold M, Wensing A, Geider K. Growth inhibition of Erwinia amylovora and related Erwinia species by neutralized short-chain fatty acids. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:759-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jock S, Wensing A, Pulawska J, Drenova N, Dreo T, Geider K. Molecular analyses of Erwinia amylovora strains isolated in Russia, Poland, Slovenia and Austria describing further spread of fire blight in Europe. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:447-54. [PMID: 23570971 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fire blight, a bacteriosis of apple and pear, was assayed with molecular tools to associate its origin in Russia, Slovenia and south-eastern Austria with neighboring countries. The identification of all investigated strains was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy except one. Independent isolation was verified by the level of amylovoran synthesis and by the number of short sequence DNA repeats in plasmid pEA29. DNA of gently lysed E. amylovora strains from Russia, Slovenia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Croatia, Poland, Central Europe and Iran was treated with restriction enzymes XbaI and SpeI to create typical banding patterns for PFGE analysis. The pattern Pt2 indicated that most Russian E. amylovora strains were related to strains from Turkey and Iran. Strains from Slovenia exhibited patterns Pt3 and Pt2, both present in the neighboring countries. Strains were also probed for the recently described plasmid pEI70 detected in Pt1 strains from Poland and in Pt3 strains from other countries. The distribution of pattern Pt3 suggests distribution of fire blight from Belgium and the Netherlands to Central Spain and Northern Italy and then north to Carinthia. The PFGE patterns indicate that trade of plants may have introduced fire blight into southern parts of Europe proceeded by sequential spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jock
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, D-69221 Dossenheim, Germany
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Vogt I, Wöhner T, Richter K, Flachowsky H, Sundin GW, Wensing A, Savory EA, Geider K, Day B, Hanke MV, Peil A. Gene-for-gene relationship in the host-pathogen system Malus × robusta 5-Erwinia amylovora. New Phytol 2013; 197:1262-1275. [PMID: 23301854 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fire blight is a destructive bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora affecting plants in the family Rosaceae, including apple. Host resistance to fire blight is present mainly in accessions of Malus spp. and is thought to be quantitative in this pathosystem. In this study we analyzed the importance of the E. amylovora effector avrRpt2(EA) , a homolog of Pseudomonas syringae avrRpt2, for resistance of Malus × robusta 5 (Mr5). The deletion mutant E. amylovora Ea1189ΔavrRpt2(EA) was able to overcome the fire blight resistance of Mr5. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), resulting in an exchange of cysteine to serine in the encoded protein, was detected in avrRpt2(EA) of several Erwinia strains differing in virulence to Mr5. E. amylovora strains encoding serine (S-allele) were able to overcome resistance of Mr5, whereas strains encoding cysteine (C-allele) were not. Allele specificity was also observed in a coexpression assay with Arabidopsis thaliana RIN4 in Nicotiana benthamiana. A homolog of RIN4 has been detected and isolated in Mr5. These results suggest a system similar to the interaction of RPS2 from A. thaliana and AvrRpt2 from P. syringae with RIN4 as guard. Our data are suggestive of a gene-for-gene relationship for the host-pathogen system Mr5 and E. amylovora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vogt
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Wöhner
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Richter
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Henryk Flachowsky
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326, Dresden, Germany
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Annette Wensing
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße101, 69221, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Savory
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Klaus Geider
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße101, 69221, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Magda-Viola Hanke
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Peil
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326, Dresden, Germany
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Hoffmann T, Wensing A, Brosius M, Steil L, Völker U, Bremer E. Osmotic control of opuA expression in Bacillus subtilis and its modulation in response to intracellular glycine betaine and proline pools. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:510-22. [PMID: 23175650 PMCID: PMC3554007 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01505-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine betaine is an effective osmoprotectant for Bacillus subtilis. Its import into osmotically stressed cells led to the buildup of large pools, whose size was sensitively determined by the degree of the osmotic stress imposed. The amassing of glycine betaine caused repression of the formation of an osmostress-adaptive pool of proline, the only osmoprotectant that B. subtilis can synthesize de novo. The ABC transporter OpuA is the main glycine betaine uptake system of B. subtilis. Expression of opuA was upregulated in response to both sudden and sustained increases in the external osmolarity. Nonionic osmolytes exerted a stronger inducing effect on transcription than ionic osmolytes, and this was reflected in the development of corresponding OpuA-mediated glycine betaine pools. Primer extension analysis and site-directed mutagenesis pinpointed the osmotically controlled opuA promoter. Deviations from the consensus sequence of SigA-type promoters serve to keep the transcriptional activity of the opuA promoter low in the absence of osmotic stress. opuA expression was downregulated in a finely tuned manner in response to increases in the intracellular glycine betaine pool, regardless of whether this osmoprotectant was imported or was newly synthesized from choline. Such an effect was also exerted by carnitine, an effective osmoprotectant for B. subtilis that is not a substrate for the OpuA transporter. opuA expression was upregulated in a B. subtilis mutant that was unable to synthesize proline in response to osmotic stress. Collectively, our data suggest that the intracellular solute pool is a key determinant for the osmotic control of opuA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hoffmann
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wensing
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Margot Brosius
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erhard Bremer
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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Sammer UF, Reiher K, Spiteller D, Wensing A, Völksch B. Assessment of the relevance of the antibiotic 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine from Pantoea agglomerans biological control strains against bacterial plant pathogens. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:438-49. [PMID: 23233458 PMCID: PMC3535389 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The epiphyte Pantoea agglomerans 48b/90 (Pa48b) is a promising biocontrol strain against economically important bacterial pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora. Strain Pa48b produces the broad-spectrum antibiotic 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine (APV) in a temperature-dependent manner. An APV-negative mutant still suppressed the E. amylovora population and fire blight disease symptoms in apple blossom experiments under greenhouse conditions, but was inferior to the Pa48b wild-type indicating the influence of APV in the antagonism. In plant experiments with the soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea both, Pa48b and the APV-negative mutant, successfully suppressed the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that the P. agglomerans strain Pa48b is an efficient biocontrol organism against plant pathogens, and we prove its ability for fast colonization of plant surfaces over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike F Sammer
- Institute for Microbiology, Microbial Communication, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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Hermans L, Wensing A, Hoepelman A, Dutihl J, Mudrikova T. Delayed HIV testing in internal medicine clinics - a missed opportunity. Neth J Med 2012; 70:69-73. [PMID: 22418752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As HIV infection may be non-symptomatic for many years, many HIV-infected individuals are not aware of their infection. At a certain point in time non-specific symptoms may occur for which patients are likely be referred to internal medicine outpatient clinics. In the absence of systematic screening for HIV and in particular in patients who do not have classical risk factors for HIV, the diagnosis of HIV infection may easily be overlooked. In this manuscript it is illustrated that this diagnostic and therapeutic delay can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, undiagnosed individuals are on average more likely to transmit HIV than diagnosed individuals. It is important for public health to identify people harbouring HIV infection, as this is expected to reduce the number of new infections. HIV infection should be considered a possible cause of unexplained symptoms in an early stage of the diagnostic process, in particular in patients with symptoms such as unexplained fever, lymphadenopathy or weight loss or in the presence of conditions suggestive of possible immune deficiency, regardless of the absence of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hermans
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Wensing A, Gernold M, Geider K. Detection of Erwinia species from the apple and pear flora by mass spectroscopy of whole cells and with novel PCR primers. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 112:147-58. [PMID: 21973322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To detect the apple and pear pathogens Erwinia amylovora and Erwinia pyrifoliae as well as the related epiphytes Erwinia tasmaniensis and Erwinia billingiae, we created novel PCR primers and also applied them to a series of other plant-associated bacteria as control. To facilitate fast diagnosis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). METHODS AND RESULTS The PCR primers were deduced from the pstS-glmS regions, which can include the gene for levansucrase, and also from regions encoding capsular polysaccharide synthesis. All primer combinations were specific for their associated Erwinia species to detect them with conventional PCR, also in mixed cultures from necrotic plant tissue. Other primers designed for quantitative PCR with SYBR Green or together with TaqMan probes were applied for real-time detection to determine growth of Erw. amylovora, Erw. billingiae, Erw. pyrifoliae and Erw. tasmaniensis in apple blossoms. From whole-cell protein extracts, profiles were generated using a Bruker microflex machine and Erwinia strains classified according to a score scheme. CONCLUSIONS The designed PCR primers identified the Erwinia species unambiguously and can be applied to qualitative and quantitative tests. MALDI-TOF MS data were in agreement with the PCR assays. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The applied diagnosis methods allow fast and precise monitoring of two pathogenic and two epiphytic Erwinia species. They are valuable for population studies with apple and pear flowers and with diseased plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wensing
- Julius Kuehn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
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Gross J, Eben A, Müller I, Wensing A. A well protected intruder: the effective antimicrobial defense of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:1180-8. [PMID: 20890794 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a polyphagous predatory beetle native to Central and Eastern Asia. Since 2007 it has established all over Central Europe. In order to elucidate which defense strategy is responsible for its high resistance to diseases, we tested hemolymph as well as eleven main components of the headspace of H. axyridis for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis, Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). While three of the volatile compounds weakly reduced the growth of microorganisms, hemolymph of adults and larvae of H. axyridis strongly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast. Furthermore, we compared the antimicrobial activity in the hemolymph of H. axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata. Antimicrobial activity in H. axyridis was about a thousand times higher compared to hemolymph from C. septempunctata. In contrast to C. septempunctata, the antimicrobial activity in H. axyridis was present without prior challenge. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the hemolymph of H. axyridis was lowest against E. coli and yeast followed by B. subtilis, and was highest against entomopathogenic B. thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionidae. Furthermore, MIC values of the hemolymph obtained from live beetles were significantly lower than from frozen insects. This suggests that the active antimicrobial compound is affected by freezing and subsequent thawing of the beetles. Potential implications of our findings for the competitive advantages of H. axyridis over C. septempunctata are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Gross
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany.
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Wensing A, Zimmermann S, Geider K. Identification of the corn pathogen Pantoea stewartii by mass spectrometry of whole-cell extracts and its detection with novel PCR primers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6248-56. [PMID: 20656863 PMCID: PMC2937501 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01032-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii is the causative agent of Stewart's wilt, a bacterial disease transmitted by the corn flea beetle mainly to sweet corn (Zea mays). In many countries, it is classified as a quarantine organism and must be differentiated from other yellow enteric bacteria frequently occurring with corn. We have created novel primers from the pstS-glmS region of P. stewartii for use in conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). To facilitate rapid diagnosis, we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. Using whole-cell protein extracts, profiles were generated with a Bruker microflex machine, and the bacteria classified. P. stewartii strains were clearly distinguished from strains of Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea dispersa, and Pantoea ananatis. Dendrogram analysis of the protein profiles confirmed the score values and showed the formation of separate clades for each species. The identification achieved by MALDI-TOF MS analysis agrees with the diagnosis by specific PCR primers. The combination of both methods allows a rapid and simple identification of the corn pathogen. P. stewartii subsp. stewartii and P. stewartii subsp. indologenes are highly related and can be distinguished not only by virulence assays and indole tests but also by a characteristic pattern in the nucleotide sequence of recA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Wensing
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany, Julius Kuehn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany, Julius Kuehn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Geider
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany, Julius Kuehn Institute, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Str. 101, Dossenheim, Germany
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Wensing A, Braun SD, Büttner P, Expert D, Völksch B, Ullrich MS, Weingart H. Impact of siderophore production by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 on epiphytic fitness and biocontrol activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea 1a/96. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2704-11. [PMID: 20208028 PMCID: PMC2863448 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02979-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of naturally occurring microbial antagonists to suppress plant diseases offers a favorable alternative to classical methods of plant protection. The soybean epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 shows great potential for controlling P. syringae pv. glycinea, the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean. Its activity against P. syringae pv. glycinea is highly reproducible even in field trials, and the suppression mechanisms involved are of special interest. In this work we demonstrated that P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 produced a significantly larger amount of siderophores than the pathogen P. syringae pv. glycinea produced. While P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 and P. syringae pv. glycinea produce the same siderophores, achromobactin and pyoverdin, the regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the former organism is very different from that in the latter organism. The epiphytic fitness of P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 mutants defective in siderophore biosynthesis was determined following spray inoculation of soybean leaves. The population size of the siderophore-negative mutant P. syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93DeltaSid was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild type 10 days after inoculation. The growth deficiency was compensated for when wound inoculation was used, indicating the availability of iron in the presence of small lesions on the leaves. Our results suggest that siderophore production has an indirect effect on the biocontrol activity of P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93. Although siderophore-defective mutants of P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 still suppressed development of bacterial blight caused by P. syringae pv. glycinea, siderophore production enhanced the epiphytic fitness and thus the competitiveness of the antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Wensing
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Petra Büttner
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Expert
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Beate Völksch
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthias S. Ullrich
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Helge Weingart
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, CNRS and Laboratoire Interactions Plantes Pathogènes, UMR 217, 75005 Paris, France
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Braun SD, Hofmann J, Wensing A, Ullrich MS, Weingart H, Völksch B, Spiteller D. Identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster for 3-methylarginine, a toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2500-8. [PMID: 20190091 PMCID: PMC2849186 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00666-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 (Pss22d) produces the rare amino acid 3-methylarginine (MeArg), which is highly active against the closely related soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Since these pathogens compete for the same habitat, Pss22d is a promising candidate for biocontrol of P. syringae pv. glycinea. The MeArg biosynthesis gene cluster codes for the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase MrsA, the putative aminotransferase MrsB, and the amino acid exporter MrsC. Transfer of the whole gene cluster into Escherichia coli resulted in heterologous production of MeArg. The methyltransferase MrsA was overexpressed in E. coli as a His-tagged protein and functionally characterized (K(m), 7 mM; k(cat), 85 min(-1)). The highly selective methyltransferase MrsA transfers the methyl group from SAM into 5-guanidino-2-oxo-pentanoic acid to yield 5-guanidino-3-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoic acid, which then only needs to be transaminated to result in the antibiotic MeArg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Braun
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - J. Hofmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Wensing
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. S. Ullrich
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - H. Weingart
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - B. Völksch
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - D. Spiteller
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Phytopathology, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany, Jacobs University Bremen, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Micro-methods, making use of radioactive substrates, are described for the quantitative estimation of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activities in lysates of hair roots obtained from the human scalp. Enzyme assays can be carried out with fractions of one hair root. Both enzymes have been investigated with regard to stability, pH optimum and Michaelis-Menten constants. Along with similarities there were also certain differences as compared to galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activities in other human tissues. The findings were used to optimise and standardise a radiochemical micro-assay for both enzymes in human hair root lysates, applicable to carrier detection studies in galactosaemia, an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism. Because they can easily be obtained, hair roots are a very suitable biopsy material for both fundamental and diagnostic investigations of these enzymes.
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De Bruyn CH, Raymakers C, Wensing A, Oei TL. Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activities in erythrocytes from a patient with galactosemia: discrepancy between two methods. Clin Chim Acta 1977; 78:145-50. [PMID: 884844 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(77)90347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When measuring with the spectrophotometric UDP-Glu consumption test, the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (Gal-PUT) activity in erythrocyte lysates from a 22-month-old infant with a late onset form of galactosemia was found to be approximately 25% of normal. With a radiochemical assay only a very low residual activity could be detected (+/- 1% of normal). Preincubation of the patient's lysate with purified NADase caused a marked decrease of residual Gal-PUT activity as judged from the data obtained with the consumption test. The radiochemical assay was not influenced by a similar pre-treatment. The high level of residual activity found with the consumption test in this patient was attributed to the consumption of UDP-Glu by other reactions than Gal-PUT. Because it is a direct, simple and generally applicable assay, the radiochemical procedure is suggested to be the best method for the more detailed enzymological characterisation of the Gal-PUT deficient state in galactosemics.
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