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Janczarek M, Kozieł M, Adamczyk P, Buczek K, Kalita M, Gromada A, Mordzińska-Rak A, Polakowski C, Bieganowski A. Symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii strains originating from the subpolar and temperate climate regions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6264. [PMID: 38491088 PMCID: PMC10943007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a forage legume cultivated worldwide. This plant is capable of establishing a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii strains. To date, no comparative analysis of the symbiotic properties and heterogeneity of T. pratense microsymbionts derived from two distinct geographic regions has been performed. In this study, the symbiotic properties of strains originating from the subpolar and temperate climate zones in a wide range of temperatures (10-25 °C) have been characterized. Our results indicate that all the studied T. pratense microsymbionts from two geographic regions were highly efficient in host plant nodulation and nitrogen fixation in a wide range of temperatures. However, some differences between the populations and between the strains within the individual population examined were observed. Based on the nodC and nifH sequences, the symbiotic diversity of the strains was estimated. In general, 13 alleles for nodC and for nifH were identified. Moreover, 21 and 61 polymorphic sites in the nodC and nifH sequences were found, respectively, indicating that the latter gene shows higher heterogeneity than the former one. Among the nodC and nifH alleles, three genotypes (I-III) were the most frequent, whereas the other alleles (IV-XIII) proved to be unique for the individual strains. Based on the nodC and nifH allele types, 20 nodC-nifH genotypes were identified. Among them, the most frequent were three genotypes marked as A (6 strains), B (5 strains), and C (3 strains). Type A was exclusively found in the temperate strains, whereas types B and C were identified in the subpolar strains. The remaining 17 genotypes were found in single strains. In conclusion, our data indicate that R. leguminosarum sv. trifolii strains derived from two climatic zones show a high diversity with respect to the symbiotic efficiency and heterogeneity. However, some of the R. leguminosarum sv. trifolii strains exhibit very good symbiotic potential in the wide range of the temperatures tested; hence, they may be used in the future for improvement of legume crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Janczarek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Kozieł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamczyk
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buczek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kalita
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gromada
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mordzińska-Rak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Studies, Medical University in Lublin, 1 Chodźki, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Cezary Polakowski
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieganowski
- Department of Natural Environment Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
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Kozieł M, Kalita M, Janczarek M. Genetic diversity of microsymbionts nodulating Trifolium pratense in subpolar and temperate climate regions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12144. [PMID: 35840628 PMCID: PMC9287440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil-borne bacteria forming symbiotic associations with legumes and fixing atmospheric dinitrogen. The nitrogen-fixation potential depends on the type of host plants and microsymbionts as well as environmental factors that affect the distribution of rhizobia. In this study, we compared genetic diversity of bacteria isolated from root nodules of Trifolium pratense grown in two geographical regions (Tromsø, Norway and Lublin, Poland) located in distinct climatic (subpolar and temperate) zones. To characterize these isolates genetically, three PCR-based techniques (ERIC, BOX, and RFLP of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer), 16S rRNA sequencing, and multi-locus sequence analysis of chromosomal house-keeping genes (atpD, recA, rpoB, gyrB, and glnII) were done. Our results indicate that a great majority of the isolates are T. pratense microsymbionts belonging to Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii. A high diversity among these strains was detected. However, a lower diversity within the population derived from the subpolar region in comparison to that of the temperate region was found. Multi-locus sequence analysis showed that a majority of the strains formed distinct clusters characteristic for the individual climatic regions. The subpolar strains belonged to two (A and B) and the temperate strains to three R. leguminosarum genospecies (B, E, and K), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kozieł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kalita
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Janczarek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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Rahal S, Chekireb D. Diversity of rhizobia and non-rhizobia endophytes isolated from root nodules of Trifolium sp. growing in lead and zinc mine site Guelma, Algeria. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3839-3849. [PMID: 34003331 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of heavy metals in mine soil disturb the interactions between legumes and microorganisms leading to select strains adapted to these specific conditions. In this work, we analyzed the diversity of fifty strains isolated from Trifolium sp. nodules growing on Pb-Zn mine soil, in the Northeastern of Algeria and highlighted their potential symbiotic traits. The phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a high bacterial diversity with a predominance of non-rhizobial endophytes. The identified isolates belong to the thirteen following genera Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Roseomonas, Paracoccus, Frondihabitans, Microbacterium, Kocuria, Providencia, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Regarding rhizobial strains, only isolates affiliated to Rhizobium genus were obtained. The symbiotic gene nodC and the nitrogen fixation gene nifH present showed that Rhizobium isolates belonged to the symbiovar trifolii. In addition to bacterial, one yeast strain was isolated and identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rahal
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology (LABM), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, B.P. 12, Sidi Amar, 23200, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Djamel Chekireb
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology (LABM), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, B.P. 12, Sidi Amar, 23200, Annaba, Algeria.
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Youseif SH, Abd El-Megeed FH, Mohamed AH, Ageez A, Veliz E, Martínez-Romero E. Diverse Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Trifolium alexandrinum in Egypt and symbiovars. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 44:126156. [PMID: 33232849 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Berseem clover (T. alexandrinum) is the main forage legume crop used as animal feed in Egypt. Here, eighty rhizobial isolates were isolated from root nodules of berseem clover grown in different regions in Egypt and were grouped by RFLP-16S rRNA ribotyping. Representative isolates were characterized using phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, glnA, pgi, and nodC genes. We also investigated the performance of these isolates using phenotypic tests and nitrogen fixation efficiency assays. The majority of strains (<90%) were closely related to Rhizobium aegyptiacum and Rhizobium aethiopicum and of the remaining strains, six belonged to the Rhizobium leguminosarum genospecies complex and only one strain was assigned to Agrobacterium fabacearum. Despite their heterogeneous chromosomal background, most of the strains shared nodC gene alleles corresponding to symbiovar trifolii. Some of the strains closely affiliated to R. aegyptiacum and R. aethiopicum had superior nodulation and nitrogen fixation capabilities in berseem clover, compared to the commercial inoculant (Okadein®) and N-added treatments. R. leguminosarum strain NGB-CR 17 that harbored a nodC allele typical of symbiovar viciae, was also able to form an effective symbiosis with clover. Two strains with nodC alleles of symbiovar trifolii, R. aegyptiacum strains NGB-CR 129 and 136, were capable of forming effective nodules in Phaseolus vulgaris in axenic greenhouse conditions. This adds the symbiovar trifolii which is well-established in the Egyptian soils to the list of symbiovars that form nodules in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Youseif
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt.
| | - Fayrouz H Abd El-Megeed
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Akram H Mohamed
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Amr Ageez
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, MSA University, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Esteban Veliz
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Life Sciences Addition, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Stefan A, Van Cauwenberghe J, Rosu CM, Stedel C, Labrou NE, Flemetakis E, Efrose RC. Genetic diversity and structure of Rhizobium leguminosarum populations associated with clover plants are influenced by local environmental variables. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:251-259. [PMID: 29452714 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification and conservation of indigenous rhizobia associated with legume plants and their application as biofertilizers is becoming an agricultural worldwide priority. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia in Romania. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population composition of Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii isolates from 12 clover plants populations located across two regions in Romania were analyzed. Red clover isolates were phenotypically evaluated and genotyped by sequencing 16S rRNA gene, 16S-23S intergenic spacer, three chromosomal genes (atpD, glnII and recA) and two plasmid genes (nifH and nodA). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed that red clover plants are nodulated by a wide genetic diversity of R. leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii sequence types (STs), highly similar to the ones previously found in white clover. Rhizobial genetic variation was found mainly within the two clover populations for both chromosomal and plasmid types. Many STs appear to be unique for this region and the genetic composition of rhizobia differs significantly among the clover populations. Furthermore, our results showed that both soil pH and altitude contributed to plasmid sequence type composition while differences in chromosomal composition were affected by the altitude and were strongly correlated with distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Stefan
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania
| | - Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico; Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Craita M Rosu
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania
| | - Catalina Stedel
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Rodica C Efrose
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania.
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