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Koletti A, Skliros D, Kalloniati C, Marka S, Zografaki ME, Infante C, Mantecón L, Flemetakis E. Global omics study of Tetraselmis chuii reveals time-related metabolic adaptations upon oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:138. [PMID: 38229403 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae species encounter oxidative stress in their natural environments, prompting the development of species-specific adaptation mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms can offer valuable insights for biotechnological applications in microalgal metabolic manipulation. In this study, we investigated the response of Tetraselmis chuii, an industrially important microalga, to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Exposure to 0.5-mM H2O2 resulted in reduced cell viability, and higher concentrations led to a drastic decline. After 1 h of exposure to H2O2, photosynthetic capacity (Qy) was negatively impacted, and this reduction intensified after 6 h of continuous stress. Global multi-omics analysis revealed that T. chuii rapidly responded to H2O2-induced oxidative stress within the first hour, causing significant changes in both transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. Among the cellular functions negatively affected were carbon and energy flow, with photosynthesis-related PSBQ having a 2.4-fold downregulation, pyruvate kinase decreased by 1.5-fold, and urea content reduced by threefold. Prolonged exposure to H2O2 incurred a high energy cost, leading to unsuccessful attempts to enhance carbon metabolism, as depicted, for example, by the upregulation of photosystems-related PETC and PETJ by more than twofold. These findings indicate that T. chuii quickly responds to oxidative stress, but extended exposure can have detrimental effects on its cellular functions. KEY POINTS: • 0.5-mM H2O2-induced oxidative stress strongly affects T. chuii • Distinct short- and long-term adaptation mechanisms are induced • Major metabolic adaptations occur within the first hour of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Koletti
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Sofia Marka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Infante
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena Comercial S/N (Muelle Pesquero), 11500, El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Lalia Mantecón
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena Comercial S/N (Muelle Pesquero), 11500, El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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Liu R, Hu B, Dannenmann M, Giesemann A, Geilfus CM, Li C, Gao L, Flemetakis E, Haensch R, Wang D, Rennenberg H. Significance of phosphorus deficiency for the mitigation of mercury toxicity in the Robinia pseudoacacia L.- rhizobia symbiotic association. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133717. [PMID: 38325100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2)-fixing legumes can be used for phytoremediation of toxic heavy metal Mercury (Hg) contaminated soil, but N2-fixation highly relies on phosphorus (P) availability for nodule formation and functioning. Here, we characterized the significance of P deficiency for Hg accumulation and toxicity in woody legume plants. Consequences for foliar and root traits of rhizobia inoculation, Hg exposure (+Hg) and low P (-P) supply, individually and in combination were characterized at both the metabolite and transcriptome levels in seedlings of two Robinia pseudoacacia L. provenances originating from contrasting climate and soil backgrounds, i.e., GS in northwest and the DB in northeast China. Our results reveal that depleted P mitigates the toxicity of Hg at the transcriptional level. In leaves of Robinia depleted P reduced oxidative stress and improved the utilization strategy of C, N and P nutrition; in roots depleted P regulated the expression of genes scavenging oxidative stress and promoting cell membrane synthesis. Rhizobia inoculation significantly improved the performance of both Robinia provenances under individual and combined +Hg and -P by promoting photosynthesis, increasing foliar N and P content and reducing H2O2 and MDA accumulation despite enhanced Hg uptake. DB plants developed more nodules, had higher biomass and accumulated higher Hg amounts than GS plants and thus are suggested as the high potential Robinia provenance for future phytoremediation of Hg contaminated soils with P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China.
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Anette Giesemann
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Canbo Li
- Shanghai OE Biotech. Co., Ltd., No. 1188, Lianhang Rd., Minhang district, Shanghai 201212, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Haensch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China; Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, China
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3
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Guo P, Du H, Zhao W, Xiong B, Wang M, He M, Flemetakis E, Hänsch R, Ma M, Rennenberg H, Wang D. Selenium- and chitosan-modified biochars reduce methylmercury contents in rice seeds with recruiting Bacillus to inhibit methylmercury production. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133236. [PMID: 38141298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Biochar could reshape microbial communities, thereby altering methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in rice rhizosphere and seeds. However, it remains unclear whether and how biochar amendment perturbs microbe-mediated MeHg production in mercury (Hg) contaminated paddy soil. Here, we used pinecone-derived biochar and its six modified biochars to reveal the disturbance. Results showed that selenium- and chitosan-modified biochar significantly reduced MeHg concentrations in the rhizosphere by 85.83% and 63.90%, thereby decreasing MeHg contents in seeds by 86.37% and 75.50%. The two modified bicohars increased the abundance of putative Hg-resistant microorganisms Bacillus, the dominant microbe in rhizosphere. These reductions about MeHg could be facilitated by biochar sensitive microbes such as Oxalobacteraceae and Subgroup_7. Pinecone-derived biochar increased MeHg concentration in rhizosphere but unimpacted MeHg content in seeds was observed. This biochar decreased the abundance in Bacillus but enhanced in putative Hg methylator Desulfovibrio. The increasing MeHg concentration in rhizosphere could be improved by biochar sensitive microbes such as Saccharimonadales and Clostridia. Network analysis showed that Saccharimonadales and Clostridia were the most prominent keystone taxa in rhizosphere, and the three biochars manipulated abundances of the microbes related to MeHg production in rhizosphere by those biochar sensitive microbes. Therefore, selenium- and chitosan-modified biochar could reduce soil MeHg production by these microorganisms, and is helpful in controlling MeHg contamination in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Guo
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wancang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Bingcai Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Mingyan He
- Chongqing Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Liu R, Hu B, Flemetakis E, Dannenmann M, Geilfus CM, Haensch R, Wang D, Rennenberg H. Antagonistic effect of mercury and excess nitrogen exposure reveals provenance-specific phytoremediation potential of black locust-rhizobia symbiosis. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123050. [PMID: 38042473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of different environmental constrains pose severe threats to plants that cannot be predicted from individual stress exposure. In this context, mercury (Hg), as a typical toxic and hazardous heavy metal, has recently attracted particular attention. Nitrogen (N2)-fixing legumes can be used for phytoremediation of Hg accumulation, whereas N availability could greatly affect its N2-fixation efficiency. However, information on the physiological responses to combined Hg exposure and excess N supply of woody legume species is still lacking. Here, we investigated the interactive effects of rhizobia inoculation, Hg exposure (+Hg), and high N (+N) supply, individually and in combination (+N*Hg), on photosynthesis and biochemical traits in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings of two provenances, one from Northeast (DB) and one from Northwest (GS) China. Our results showed antagonistic effects of combined + N*Hg exposure compared to the individual treatments that were provenance-specific. Compared to individual Hg exposure, combined + N*Hg stress significantly increased foliar photosynthesis (+50.6%) of inoculated DB seedlings and resulted in more negative (-137.4%) δ15N abundance in the roots. Furthermore, combined + N*Hg stress showed 47.7% increase in amino acid N content, 39.4% increase in NR activity, and 14.8% decrease in MDA content in roots of inoculated GS seedlings. Inoculation with rhizobia significantly promoted Hg uptake in both provenances, reduced MDA contents of leaves and roots, enhanced photosynthesis and maintained the nutrient balance of Robinia. Among the two Robinia provenances investigated, DB seedlings formed more nodules, had higher biomass and Hg accumulation than GS seedlings. For example, total Hg concentrations in leaves and roots and total biomass of inoculated DB seedlings were 1.3,1.9 and 3.4 times higher than in inoculated GS seedlings under combined + N*Hg stress, respectively. Therefore, the DB provenance is considered to possess a higher potential for phytoremediation of Hg contamination compared to the GS provenance in environments subjected to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Dannenmann
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Robert Haensch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China; Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
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Skliros D, Droubogiannis S, Kalloniati C, Katharios P, Flemetakis E. Perturbation of Quorum Sensing after the Acquisition of Bacteriophage Resistance Could Contribute to Novel Traits in Vibrio alginolyticus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2273. [PMID: 37764117 PMCID: PMC10535087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria employ a wide range of molecular mechanisms to confer resistance to bacteriophages, and these mechanisms are continuously being discovered and characterized. However, there are instances where certain bacterial species, despite lacking these known mechanisms, can still develop bacteriophage resistance through intricate metabolic adaptation strategies, potentially involving mutations in transcriptional regulators or phage receptors. Vibrio species have been particularly useful for studying the orchestrated metabolic responses of Gram-negative marine bacteria in various challenges. In a previous study, we demonstrated that Vibrio alginolyticus downregulates the expression of specific receptors and transporters in its membrane, which may enable the bacterium to evade infection by lytic bacteriophages. In our current study, our objective was to explore how the development of bacteriophage resistance in Vibrio species disrupts the quorum-sensing cascade, subsequently affecting bacterial physiology and metabolic capacity. Using a real-time quantitative PCR (rt-QPCR) platform, we examined the expression pattern of quorum-sensing genes, auto-inducer biosynthesis genes, and cell density regulatory proteins in phage-resistant strains. Our results revealed that bacteriophage-resistant bacteria downregulate the expression of quorum-sensing regulatory proteins, such as LuxM, LuxN, and LuxP. This downregulation attenuates the normal perception of quorum-sensing peptides and subsequently diminishes the expression of cell density regulatory proteins, including LuxU, aphA, and LuxR. These findings align with the diverse phenotypic traits observed in the phage-resistant strains, such as altered biofilm formation, reduced planktonic growth, and reduced virulence. Moreover, the transcriptional depletion of aphA, the master regulator associated with low cell density, was linked to the downregulation of genes related to virulence. This phenomenon appears to be phage-specific, suggesting a finely tuned metabolic adaptation driven by phage-host interaction. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of Vibrio species in microbial marine ecology and highlight the complex interplay between phage resistance, quorum sensing, and bacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Stavros Droubogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (C.K.)
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Guo P, Rennenberg H, Du H, Wang T, Gao L, Flemetakis E, Hänsch R, Ma M, Wang D. Bacterial assemblages imply methylmercury production at the rice-soil system. Environ Int 2023; 178:108066. [PMID: 37399771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant microbiota can affect plant health and fitness by promoting methylmercury (MeHg) production in paddy soil. Although most well-known mercury (Hg) methylators are observed in the soil, it remains unclear how rice rhizosphere assemblages alter MeHg production. Here, we used network analyses of microbial diversity to identify bulk soil (BS), rhizosphere (RS) and root bacterial networks during rice development at Hg gradients. Hg gradients greatly impacted the niche-sharing of taxa significantly relating to MeHg/THg, while plant development had little effect. In RS networks, Hg gradients increased the proportion of MeHg-related nodes in total nodes from 37.88% to 45.76%, but plant development enhanced from 48.59% to 50.41%. The module hub and connector in RS networks included taxa positively (Nitrososphaeracea, Vicinamibacteraceae and Oxalobacteraceae) and negatively (Gracilibacteraceae) correlating with MeHg/THg at the blooming stage. In BS networks, Deinococcaceae and Paludibacteraceae were positively related to MeHg/THg, and constituted the connector at the reviving stage and the module hub at the blooming stage. Soil with an Hg concentration of 30 mg kg-1 increased the complexity and connectivity of root microbial networks, although microbial community structure in roots was less affected by Hg gradients and plant development. As most frequent connector in root microbial networks, Desulfovibrionaceae did not significantly correlate with MeHg/THg, but was likely to play an important role in the response to Hg stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Guo
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing, China
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Hu B, Flemetakis E, Liu Z, Hänsch R, Rennenberg H. Significance of nitrogen-fixing actinorhizal symbioses for restoration of depleted, degraded, and contaminated soil. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:752-764. [PMID: 37002002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N2)-fixing legume trees are frequently used for the restoration of depleted, degraded, and contaminated soils. However, biological N2 fixation (BNF) can also be performed by so-called actinorhizal plants. Actinorhizal plants include a high diversity of woody species and therefore can be applied in a broad spectrum of environments. In contrast to N2-fixing legumes, the potential of actinorhizal plants for soil restoration remains largely unexplored. In this Opinion, we propose related basic research requirements for the characterization of environmental stress responses that determine the restoration potential of actinorhizal plants for depleted, degraded, and contaminated soils. We identify advantages and unexplored processes of actinorhizal plants and describe a mainly uncharted avenue of future research for this important group of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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Pateraki C, Magdalinou E, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Rabaey K, Koutinas A. Transcriptional regulation in key metabolic pathways of Actinobacillus succinogenes in the presence of electricity. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 151:108376. [PMID: 36716515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential of renewable energy application via direct electrode interaction for the production of bio-based chemicals is a promising technology. The utilization of extracellular energy in pure culture fermentations aims in intracellular redox balance regulation in order to improve fermentation efficiency. This work evaluates the impact of a bioelectrochemical system in succinic acid fermentation and the metabolic response of Actinobacillus succinogenes. The metabolic pathway regulation of A. succinogenes was evaluated via RNA expression of the key enzymes that participate in TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The genes that were significantly overexpressed in BES compared to non-BES were phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (0.4-fold change), inorganic pyrophosphatase (2.3-fold change) and hydrogenase (2.2-fold change) and the genes that were significantly underexpressed were fumarase (-0.94-fold change), pyruvate kinase (-6.9-fold change), all subunits of fumarate reductase (-2.1 to -1.17-fold change), cytochromes I and II (-1.25 and -1.02-fold change, respectively) and two C4-carboxylic acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Pateraki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Elena Magdalinou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Droubogiannis S, Pavlidi L, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Katharios P. Comprehensive Characterization of a Novel Bacteriophage, vB_VhaS_MAG7 against a Fish Pathogenic Strain of Vibrio harveyi and Its In Vivo Efficacy in Phage Therapy Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098200. [PMID: 37175906 PMCID: PMC10179652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi, a significant opportunistic marine pathogen, has been a challenge to the aquaculture industry, leading to severe economical and production losses. Phage therapy has been an auspicious approach in controlling such bacterial infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we isolated and fully characterized a novel strain-specific phage, vB_VhaS_MAG7, which infects V. harveyi MM46, and tested its efficacy as a therapeutic agent in challenged gilthead seabream larvae. vB_VhaS_MAG7 is a tailed bacteriophage with a double-stranded DNA of 49,315 bp. No genes linked with virulence or antibiotic resistance were harbored in the genome. The phage had a remarkably large burst size of 1393 PFU cell-1 and showed strong lytic ability in in vitro assays. When applied in phage therapy trials in challenged gilthead seabream larvae, vB_VhaS_MAG7 was capable of improving the survival of the larvae up to 20%. Due to its distinct features and safety, vB_VhaS_MAG7 is considered a suitable candidate for applied phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Droubogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lydia Pavlidi
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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10
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Skliros D, Papazoglou P, Gkizi D, Paraskevopoulou E, Katharios P, Goumas DE, Tjamos S, Flemetakis E. In planta interactions of a novel bacteriophage against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3801-3815. [PMID: 37074382 PMCID: PMC10175458 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The biology and biotechnology of bacteriophages have been extensively studied in recent years to explore new and environmentally friendly methods of controlling phytopathogenic bacteria. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) is responsible for bacterial speck disease in tomato plants, leading to decreased yield. Disease management strategies rely on the use of copper-based pesticides. The biological control of Pst with the use of bacteriophages could be an alternative environmentally friendly approach to diminish the detrimental effects of Pst in tomato cultivations. The lytic efficacy of bacteriophages can be used in biocontrol-based disease management strategies. Here, we report the isolation and complete characterization of a bacteriophage, named Medea1, which was also tested in planta against Pst, under greenhouse conditions. The application of Medea1 as a root drenching inoculum or foliar spraying reduced 2.5- and fourfold on average, respectively, Pst symptoms in tomato plants, compared to a control group. In addition, it was observed that defense-related genes PR1b and Pin2 were upregulated in the phage-treated plants. Our research explores a new genus of Pseudomonas phages and explores its biocontrol potential against Pst, by utilizing its lytic nature and ability to trigger the immune response of plants. KEY POINTS: • Medea1 is a newly reported bacteriophage against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato having genomic similarities with the phiPSA1 bacteriophage • Two application strategies were reported, one by root drenching the plants with a phage-based solution and one by foliar spraying, showing up to 60- and 6-fold reduction of Pst population and disease severity in some cases, respectively, compared to control • Bacteriophage Medea1 induced the expression of the plant defense-related genes Pin2 and PR1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Papazoglou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Gkizi
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, School of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios E Goumas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology-Bacteriology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004, Heraklio, Estavromenos, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tjamos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 1855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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11
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Dervisi I, Valassakis C, Koletti A, Kouvelis VN, Flemetakis E, Ouzounis CA, Roussis A. Evolutionary Aspects of Selenium Binding Protein (SBP). J Mol Evol 2023:10.1007/s00239-023-10105-4. [PMID: 37039856 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-binding proteins represent a ubiquitous protein family and recently SBP1 was described as a new stress response regulator in plants. SBP1 has been characterized as a methanethiol oxidase, however its exact role remains unclear. Moreover, in mammals, it is involved in the regulation of anti-carcinogenic growth and progression as well as reduction/oxidation modulation and detoxification. In this work, we delineate the functional potential of certain motifs of SBP in the context of evolutionary relationships. The phylogenetic profiling approach revealed the absence of SBP in the fungi phylum as well as in most non eukaryotic organisms. The phylogenetic tree also indicates the differentiation and evolution of characteristic SBP motifs. Main evolutionary events concern the CSSC motif for which Acidobacteria, Fungi and Archaea carry modifications. Moreover, the CC motif is harbored by some bacteria and remains conserved in Plants, while modified to CxxC in Animals. Thus, the characteristic sequence motifs of SBPs mainly appeared in Archaea and Bacteria and retained in Animals and Plants. Our results demonstrate the emergence of SBP from bacteria and most likely as a methanethiol oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dervisi
- Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Valassakis
- Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Koletti
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis N Kouvelis
- Section of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos A Ouzounis
- Biological Computation & Process Laboratory, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
- Biological Computation & Computational Biology Group, AIIA Lab, School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica, 57001, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Andreas Roussis
- Section of Botany, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece.
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12
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Lola D, Kalloniati C, Dimopoulou M, Kanapitsas A, Papadopoulos G, Dorignac É, Flemetakis E, Kotseridis Y. Impact of Assimilable Nitrogen Supplementation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Response and Aromatic Profile of Moschofilero Wine. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2952-2963. [PMID: 36719992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nitrogen in must is critical to yeast fermentation efficiency and wine aroma profile. The present work determined the effect of the amount of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) on fermentation kinetics, aroma production, and gene expression patterns of the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentations were performed under two different YAN concentrations of must. Acetate esters, linalool, and nerol appeared to be clearly affected by the different YAN levels. Real-time-PCR results revealed that the genes involved in ethyl and acetate esters production recorded, in general, higher transcript levels under high nitrogen supplementation. In addition, an up-regulation of the BGL2 and EXG1 genes, which are related to terpenes production, was observed in the case of high nitrogen content and it is well corresponded to the terpenol concentration found. Our study revealed the impact of nitrogen supplementation on yeast metabolism and its importance to adjust wine's aromatic composition and sensory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Lola
- Laboratory of Enology and Alcoholic Drinks (LEAD), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimopoulou
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, School of Food Science, University of West Attica, Egaleo 12243, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kanapitsas
- Laboratory of Enology and Alcoholic Drinks (LEAD), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Yorgos Kotseridis
- Laboratory of Enology and Alcoholic Drinks (LEAD), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
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13
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Power DM, Taoukis P, Houhoula D, Tsironi T, Flemetakis E. Integrating omics technologies for improved quality and safety of seafood products. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Koletti A, Dervisi I, Kalloniati C, Zografaki ME, Rennenberg H, Roussis A, Flemetakis E. Selenium-binding Protein 1 (SBD1): A stress response regulator in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:2368-2381. [PMID: 35579367 PMCID: PMC9342975 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-binding proteins (SBPs) represent a ubiquitous protein family implicated in various environmental stress responses, although the exact molecular and physiological role of the SBP family remains elusive. In this work, we report the identification and characterization of CrSBD1, an SBP homolog from the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Growth analysis of the C. reinhardtii sbd1 mutant strain revealed that the absence of a functional CrSBD1 resulted in increased growth under mild oxidative stress conditions, although cell viability rapidly declined at higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations. Furthermore, a combined global transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicated that the sbd1 mutant exhibited a dramatic quenching of the molecular and biochemical responses upon H2O2-induced oxidative stress when compared to the wild-type. Our results indicate that CrSBD1 represents a cell regulator, which is involved in the modulation of C. reinhardtii early responses to oxidative stress. We assert that CrSBD1 acts as a member of an extensive and conserved protein-protein interaction network including Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, Cysteine endopeptidase 2, and Glutaredoxin 6 proteins, as indicated by yeast two-hybrid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Koletti
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Irene Dervisi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400715, China
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15
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Droubogiannis S, Pavlidi L, Tsertou MI, Kokkari C, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Katharios P. Vibrio Phage Artemius, a Novel Phage Infecting Vibrio alginolyticus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080848. [PMID: 36014969 PMCID: PMC9416449 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is an important pathogen of marine animals and has been the target of phage therapy applications in marine aquaculture for many years. Here, we report the isolation and partial characterization of a novel species of the Siphoviridae family, the Vibrio phage Artemius. The novel phage was species-specific and could only infect strains of V. alginolyticus. It could efficiently reduce the growth of the host bacterium at various multiplicities of infection as assessed by an in vitro lysis assay. It had a genome length of 43,349 base pairs. The complete genome has double-stranded DNA with a G + C content of 43.61%. In total, 57 ORFs were identified, of which 19 were assigned a predicted function. A genomic analysis indicated that Vibrio phage Artemius is lytic and does not harbor genes encoding toxins and antibiotic resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Droubogiannis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (L.P.); (M.I.T.); (C.K.)
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lydia Pavlidi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (L.P.); (M.I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Maria Ioanna Tsertou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (L.P.); (M.I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Constantina Kokkari
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (L.P.); (M.I.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (S.D.); (L.P.); (M.I.T.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Argyropoulos D, Psallida C, Sitareniou P, Flemetakis E, Diamantopoulou P. Biochemical Evaluation of Agaricus and Pleurotus Strains in Batch Cultures for Production Optimization of Valuable Metabolites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050964. [PMID: 35630408 PMCID: PMC9147170 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of various biochemical compounds such as proteins, glucans and glucanases, from the mycelium of four strains of Basidiomycetes species, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus subrufescens, Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus, during batch culture in shaking flasks, was studied. Fungi were cultured for 26 days in defined media with glucose as carbon source and were primarily evaluated for their ability to consume glucose and produce mycelial mass and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS). Results showed that on the 26th day of cultivation, P. ostreatus produced the maximum biomass (16.75 g/L), whereas P. eryngii showed the maximum IPS concentration (3.82 g/L). All strains presented a similar pattern in total protein production, with A. bisporus having the highest percentage of total proteins (36%, w/w). The calculated correlation coefficients among ribonucleic acid (RNA) vs. biomass (0.97) and RNA vs. protein (0.97) indicated a very strong relation between RNA and biomass/protein synthesis. The studied strains exhibited an increase in total glucan and glucanase (β-1,6) production during cultivation, with A. bisporus reaching the highest glucan percentage (8%, w/w) and glucanase activity (12.7 units/g biomass). Subsequently, processed analytical data were used in contour-graph analysis for data extrapolation to optimize future continuous culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Argyropoulos
- Genetic Identification Laboratory, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 1 S. Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (D.A.); (C.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Charoula Psallida
- Genetic Identification Laboratory, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 1 S. Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (D.A.); (C.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Paraskevi Sitareniou
- Genetic Identification Laboratory, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 1 S. Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece; (D.A.); (C.P.); (P.S.)
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 1 S. Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 1 S. Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-2845940
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17
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Tzani-Tzanopoulou P, Skliros D, Megremis S, Xepapadaki P, Andreakos E, Chanishvili N, Flemetakis E, Kaltsas G, Taka S, Lebessi E, Doudoulakakis A, Papadopoulos NG. Corrigendum: Interactions of Bacteriophages and Bacteria at the Airway Mucosa: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Asthma. Front Allergy 2022; 3:892908. [PMID: 35769565 PMCID: PMC9234881 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.892908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tzani-Tzanopoulou
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Panagiota Tzani-Tzanopoulou
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research of the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Lebessi
- Department of Microbiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Mavrommatis A, Zografaki ME, Marka S, Myrtsi ED, Giamouri E, Christodoulou C, Evergetis E, Iliopoulos V, Koulocheri SD, Moschopoulou G, Simitzis PE, Pappas AC, Flemetakis E, Koutinas A, Haroutounian SA, Tsiplakou E. Effect of a Carotenoid Extract from Citrus reticulata By-Products on the Immune-Oxidative Status of Broilers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010144. [PMID: 35052648 PMCID: PMC8773417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although carotenoids generally possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, the in vivo synergistic action of carotenoid blends derived from plant-based by-products has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the carotenoid characterization and antimicrobial potential of Citrus reticulata extract as well as the impact of this carotenoid-rich extract (CCE) dietary supplementation on the performance, meat quality, and immune-oxidative status of broiler chickens were determined. One hundred and twenty one-day-old hatched chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to two dietary groups, with four replicate pens of 15 birds each. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% CCE (25 mg carotenoid extract included in 1 g of soluble starch) for 42 d. β-Cryptoxanthin, β-Carotene, Zeaxanthin, and Lutein were the prevailing carotenoid compounds in the Citrus reticulata extract. The CCE feed additive exerted inhibitory properties against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and negative (Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria. Both the broiler performance and meat quality did not substantially differ, while the breast muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.070) in the CCE-fed broilers. The inclusion of CCE decreased the alanine aminotransferase and MDA concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the blood. Catalase and NADPH oxidase 2 relative transcript levels were significantly downregulated in the livers of the CCE-fed broilers. Additionally, Interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) relative transcript levels were downregulated in the livers of the CCE- fed broilers, while TNF and interferon γ (IFNG) tended to decrease in the spleens and bursa of Fabricius, respectively. The present study provided new insights regarding the beneficial properties of carotenoids contained in Citrus reticulata in broilers’ immune-oxidative status. These promising outcomes could be the basis for further research under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (S.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Sofia Marka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (S.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleni D. Myrtsi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Elisavet Giamouri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Christos Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Epameinondas Evergetis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Vasilios Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Sofia D. Koulocheri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Georgia Moschopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis E. Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios C. Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (S.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Serkos A. Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294435; Fax: +30-2105294413
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Skliros D, Karpouzis E, Kalloniati C, Katharios P, Flemetakis E. Comparative genomic analysis of dwarf Vibrio myoviruses defines a conserved gene cluster for successful phage infection. Arch Virol 2022; 167:501-516. [PMID: 35000006 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tailed bacteriophages have been at the center of attention, not only for their ability to infect and kill pathogenic bacteria but also due to their peculiar and intriguing complex contractile tail structure. Tailed bacteriophages with contractile tails are known to have a Myoviridae morphotype and are members of the order Caudovirales. Large bacteriophages with a genome larger than 150 kbp have been studied for their ability to use multiple infection and lysis strategies to replicate more efficiently. On the other hand, smaller bacteriophages with fewer genes are represented in the GenBank database in greater numbers, and have several genes with unknown function. Isolation and molecular characterization of a newly reported bacteriophage named Athena1 revealed that it is a strongly lytic bacteriophage with a genome size of 39,826 bp. This prompted us to perform a comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio myoviruses with a genome size of no more than 50 kbp. The results revealed a pattern of genomic organization that includes sets of genes responsible for virion morphogenesis, replication/recombination of DNA, and lysis/lysogeny switching. By studying phylogenetic gene markers, we were able to draw conclusions about evolutionary events that shaped the genomic mosaicism of these phages, pinpointing the importance of a conserved organization of the genomic region encoding the baseplate protein for successful infection of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, we propose the creation of new genera for dwarf Vibrio myoviruses. Comparative genomics of phages infecting aquatic bacteria could provide information that is useful for combating fish pathogens in aquaculture, using novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Karpouzis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology, and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,EU-CONEXUS European University, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Mavrommatis A, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Tsiplakou E. Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071528. [PMID: 34361963 PMCID: PMC8303384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to produce functional dairy products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using feed supplements, radical changes could occur in the rumen microbiome. This work investigated the alterations of the rumen bacteriome of goats fed with PUFA-rich marine microalgae Schizochytrium spp. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat-corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight, and age; they were individually fed with alfalfa hay and a concentrate (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 g (ALG60) of Schizochytrium spp./goat. Rumen fluid samples were collected using a stomach tube during the 20th and 40th days of the experiment. The microbiome analysis using a 16S rRNA sequencing platform revealed that Firmicutes were decreased in microalgae-fed goats, while Bacteroidetes showed a tendency to increase in the ALG40 group due to the enhancement of Prevotellaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, namely Treponema bryantii, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens, were decreased in the ALG40 group, resulting in an overall decrease of cellulase activity. In contrast, the amylolytic potential was significantly enhanced due to an upsurge in Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum populations. In conclusion, supplementing goats’ diets with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. could be considered a sustainable and efficient nutritional strategy to modulate rumen microbiome towards the development of dairy products enriched with bioactive compounds, while higher levels induced substantial shifts in determinant microbes’ populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294435
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21
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Mavrommatis A, Sotirakoglou K, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Tsiplakou E. Dose and time response of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp. on the abundances of several microorganisms in the rumen liquid of dairy goats. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Mitsiopoulou C, Sotirakoglou K, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Tsiplakou E. The Impact of Whole Sesame Seeds on the Expression of Key-Genes Involved in the Innate Immunity of Dairy Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:468. [PMID: 33578642 PMCID: PMC7916339 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole sesame seeds (WSS) are rich in both linoleic acid (LA) and lignans. However, their impact on the innate immunity of goats is not well studied. Twenty-four goats were divided into three homogeneous sub-groups; comprise one control (CON) and two treated (WWS5 and WWS10). In the treated groups, WSS were incorporated in the concentrates of the CON at 5 (WSS5) and 10% (WSS10) respectively, by partial substitution of both soybean meal and corn grain. The expression levels of MAPK1, IL6, TRIF, IFNG, TRAF3, and JUND genes in the neutrophils of WSS10 fed goats were reduced significantly compared with the CON. The same was found for the expression levels of IFNG and TRAF3 genes in the neutrophils of WSS5 fed goats. Both treated groups primarily affected the MYD88-independent pathway. The dietary supplementation of goats with WSS might be a good nutritional strategy to improve their innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mitsiopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriaki Sotirakoglou
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece;
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23
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Hu B, Flemetakis E, Rennenberg H. Pedospheric Microbial Nitric Oxide Production Challenges Root Symbioses. Trends Plant Sci 2021; 26:104-107. [PMID: 33257260 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that a multitude of microbial processes are involved in nitric oxide production and consumptions in the pedosphere. Due to its dual function as a toxic metabolite and signaling compound, we speculate that this pedospheric nitric oxide of microbial origin can significantly interact with mycorrhizal symbioses and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
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24
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Tzani-Tzanopoulou P, Skliros D, Megremis S, Xepapadaki P, Andreakos E, Chanishvili N, Flemetakis E, Kaltsas G, Taka S, Lebessi E, Doudoulakakis A, Papadopoulos NG. Interactions of Bacteriophages and Bacteria at the Airway Mucosa: New Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Asthma. Front Allergy 2021; 1:617240. [PMID: 35386933 PMCID: PMC8974763 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2020.617240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the primary site where inhaled and resident microbiota interacts between themselves and the host, potentially playing an important role on allergic asthma development and pathophysiology. With the advent of culture independent molecular techniques and high throughput technologies, the complex composition and diversity of bacterial communities of the airways has been well-documented and the notion of the lungs' sterility definitively rejected. Recent studies indicate that the microbial composition of the asthmatic airways across the spectrum of disease severity, differ significantly compared with healthy individuals. In parallel, a growing body of evidence suggests that bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or simply phages), regulating bacterial populations, are present in almost every niche of the human body and can also interact directly with the eukaryotic cells. The triptych of airway epithelial cells, bacterial symbionts and resident phages should be considered as a functional and interdependent unit with direct implications on the respiratory and overall homeostasis. While the role of epithelial cells in asthma pathophysiology is well-established, the tripartite interactions between epithelial cells, bacteria and phages should be scrutinized, both to better understand asthma as a system disorder and to explore potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Tzani-Tzanopoulou
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research of the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Chanishvili
- Laboratory for Genetics of Microorganisms and Bacteriophages, Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology & Virology, Tbilisi, GA, United States
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Lebessi
- Department of Microbiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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25
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Torres S, Lama C, Mantecón L, Flemetakis E, Infante C. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in the green microalgae Tetraselmis chui. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245495. [PMID: 33444403 PMCID: PMC7808622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is a highly sensitive technique that can be applied to analyze how genes are modulated by culture conditions, but identification of appropriate reference genes for normalization is a critical factor to be considered. For this reason, the expression stability of 18 candidate reference genes was evaluated for the green microalgae Tetraselmis chui using the widely employed algorithms geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, the comparative ΔCT method, and RefFinder. Microalgae samples were collected from large scale outdoor photobioreactors during the growing phase (OUT_GP), and during the semi-continuous phase at different times of the day (OUT_DC). Samples from standard indoor cultures under highly controlled conditions (IND) were also collected to complement the other data. Different rankings for the candidate reference genes were obtained depending on the culture conditions and the algorithm employed. After comparison of the achieved ranks with the different methods, the references genes selected for samples from specific culture conditions were ALD and EFL in OUT_GP, RPL32 and UBCE in OUT_DC, and cdkA and UBCE in IND. Moreover, the genes EFL and cdkA or EFL and UBCE appeared as appropriate combinations for pools generated from all samples (ALL). Examination in the OUT_DC cultures of genes encoding the large and small subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPL and AGPS, respectively) confirmed the reliability of the identified reference genes, RPL32 and UBCE. The present study represents a useful contribution for studies of gene expression in T. chui, and also represents the first step to set-up an RT-qPCR platform for quality control of T. chui biomass production in industrial facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Torres
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Lama
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lalia Mantecón
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Infante
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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26
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Pateraki C, Skliros D, Flemetakis E, Koutinas A. Succinic acid production from pulp and paper industry waste: A transcriptomic approach. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:250-260. [PMID: 33069778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The fermentative production of biobased chemicals and polymers using crude lignocellulose hydrolysates is challenging due to the presence of various inhibitory compounds and multiple sugars. This study evaluates the metabolic response of Actinobacillus succinogenes for the production of succinic acid using spent sulphite liquor (SSL) as feedstock derived from industrial acidic sulphite pulping of Eucalyptus globulus hardwood. A transcriptomic approach led to significant insights on gene regulation of the major metabolic pathways (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation) in batch cultures carried out on SSL and compared with glucose and xylose. Significantly overexpressed genes in SSL compared to glucose and xylose were fructose biphosphate aldolase (> 1.18-fold change) in the catabolism, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (> 1.59-fold change) and malate dehydrogenase (> 1.49-fold change) in the TCA cycle, citrate lyase (> 1.7-fold change), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (> 0.88-fold change), pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 (> 1.63-fold change) and pyruvate formate lyase (> 0.61-fold change), involved in acetyl-CoA pathways. Finally, C4 tricarboxylic transporters were overexpressed (DCU (> 1.61-fold change) and 0079 (> 4.19-fold change). SSL was responsible for the upregulation of genes involved in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, while xylose showed similar results with SSL in the oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Pateraki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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27
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Ma M, Wendehenne D, Philippot L, Hänsch R, Flemetakis E, Hu B, Rennenberg H. Physiological significance of pedospheric nitric oxide for root growth, development and organismic interactions. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2336-2354. [PMID: 32681574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for plant growth and development, as well as interactions with abiotic and biotic environments. Its importance for multiple functions in plants means that tight regulation of NO concentrations is required. This is of particular significance in roots, where NO signalling is involved in processes, such as root growth, lateral root formation, nutrient acquisition, heavy metal homeostasis, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions. The NO signal can also be produced in high levels by microbial processes in the rhizosphere, further impacting root processes. To explore these interesting interactions, in the present review, we firstly summarize current knowledge of physiological processes of NO production and consumption in roots and, thereafter, of processes involved in NO homeostasis in root cells with particular emphasis on root growth, development, nutrient acquisition, environmental stresses and organismic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Wendehenne
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Komaitis F, Kalliampakou K, Botou M, Nikolaidis M, Kalloniati C, Skliros D, Du B, Rennenberg H, Amoutzias GD, Frillingos S, Flemetakis E. Molecular and physiological characterization of the monosaccharide transporters gene family in Medicago truncatula. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3110-3125. [PMID: 32016431 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) represent key components of the carbon transport and partitioning mechanisms in plants, mediating the cell-to-cell and long-distance distribution of a wide variety of monosaccharides. In this study, we performed a thorough structural, molecular, and physiological characterization of the monosaccharide transporter gene family in the model legume Medicago truncatula. The complete set of MST family members was identified with a novel bioinformatic approach. Prolonged darkness was used as a test condition to identify the relevant transcriptomic and metabolic responses combining MST transcript profiling and metabolomic analysis. Our results suggest that MSTs play a pivotal role in the efficient partitioning and utilization of sugars, and possibly in the mechanisms of carbon remobilization in nodules upon photosynthate-limiting conditions, as nodules are forced to acquire a new role as a source of both C and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Komaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Botou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Baoguo Du
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grigoris D Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Stathis Frillingos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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Botou M, Yalelis V, Lazou P, Zantza I, Papakostas K, Charalambous V, Mikros E, Flemetakis E, Frillingos S. Specificity profile of NAT/NCS2 purine transporters in
Sinorhizobium
(
Ensifer
)
meliloti. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:151-171. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Botou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Department of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Vassilis Yalelis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Department of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Panayiota Lazou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Department of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Iliana Zantza
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papakostas
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Department of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Vassiliki Charalambous
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Department of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stathis Frillingos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry Department of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece
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Tsiplakou E, Mavrommatis A, Skliros D, Sotirakoglou K, Flemetakis E, Zervas G. The effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of several genes involved in the immune system of dairy sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1437-1449. [PMID: 30043476 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids might be a tool to transform animals from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory phenotype through the downregulation of several genes (TLR-4, NF-κB, TNFa, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-5 and CXCL-16) whose expression increases during inflammation. To examine this possibility, each of sixty Chios dairy sheep was assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments: A: basal diet (control group); B: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine (MetaSmart™ ); C: basal diet +5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine (LysiGEM™ ); D: basal diet +6.0 g/head MetaSmart™ + 5.0 g/head LysiGEM™ ; and E: basal diet +12.0 g/head MetaSmart™ + 5.0 g/head LysiGEM. The results showed a significant downregulation in the expression of the TLR-4 gene in both the macrophages and the neutrophils of ewes fed rumen-protected amino acids. Significantly lower mRNA transcript accumulation was also observed for the TNFa, IL-1β and CXCL-16 genes in the macrophages and for the IL-1β gene in the neutrophils of ewes supplemented with amino acids. The ewes that received dietary supplementation with rumen-protected lysine alone (C) had significantly lower CCL-5 transcript levels in their macrophages than the ewes fed the other supplemented diets. Diet D enhanced the mRNA expression of the IL-2 gene in ewe neutrophils. Negative correlations were found between: a. TLR-4, TNFa, IL-1β and CXCL-16 gene expression in macrophages and the milk fat and total solids content; b. CCL-5 gene expression in neutrophils and the milk yield and FCM(6%) ; and c. CXCL-16 gene expression and the milk protein content. Moreover, positive correlations were found between the BHBA concentration and the expression of the TLR-4 and CXCL-16 genes in macrophages. In conclusion, the rumen-protected amino acids improved sheep metabolism (as indicated by reduced blood BHBA and urea concentrations), milk chemical composition and immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsiplakou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Sotirakoglou
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zervas
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Stefan A, Van Cauwenberghe J, Rosu CM, Stedel C, Labrou NE, Flemetakis E, Efrose RC. Genetic diversity and structure of Rhizobium leguminosarum populations associated with clover plants are influenced by local environmental variables. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:251-259. [PMID: 29452714 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification and conservation of indigenous rhizobia associated with legume plants and their application as biofertilizers is becoming an agricultural worldwide priority. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia in Romania. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population composition of Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii isolates from 12 clover plants populations located across two regions in Romania were analyzed. Red clover isolates were phenotypically evaluated and genotyped by sequencing 16S rRNA gene, 16S-23S intergenic spacer, three chromosomal genes (atpD, glnII and recA) and two plasmid genes (nifH and nodA). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed that red clover plants are nodulated by a wide genetic diversity of R. leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii sequence types (STs), highly similar to the ones previously found in white clover. Rhizobial genetic variation was found mainly within the two clover populations for both chromosomal and plasmid types. Many STs appear to be unique for this region and the genetic composition of rhizobia differs significantly among the clover populations. Furthermore, our results showed that both soil pH and altitude contributed to plasmid sequence type composition while differences in chromosomal composition were affected by the altitude and were strongly correlated with distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Stefan
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania
| | - Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico; Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Craita M Rosu
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania
| | - Catalina Stedel
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Rodica C Efrose
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi, Romania.
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Georgakis N, Chronopoulou E, Gad MA, Skliros D, Efrose R, Flemetakis E, Labrou NE. Functional and Catalytic Characterization of the Detoxifying Enzyme Haloalkane Dehalogenase from Rhizobium leguminosarum. Protein Pept Lett 2017. [PMID: 28641560 DOI: 10.2174/0929866524666170621094531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.5, HLDs) are α/β-hydrolases which catalyze the irreversible cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of haloalkanes, producing an alcohol, a halide and a hydrogen ion. Haloalkanes are acutely toxic to animals and humans and their toxic effects are mainly observed in the liver, kidneys and central nervous system. OBJECTIVE In the present work, the haloalkane dehalogenase from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (DrlA) was characterized. METHOD Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme activity assays revealed that the DrlA gene expression in R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii is induced by 1,2- dibromoethane (1,2-DBE) during the early exponential phase. The gene of the enzyme was isolated, cloned and expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3). RESULTS Recombinant DrlA displays its high catalytic activity towards 1,2-DBE and the long-chain haloalkane 1-iodohexane. Limited activity was observed for other aliphatic and cyclic haloalkanes, indicating that the enzyme displays restricted substrate specificity, compared to other bacterial HLDs. Homology modelling and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the enzyme belongs to the HLD-II subfamily and shares the same overall fold and domain organization as other bacterial HLDs, however major variations were identified at the hydrophobic substrate-binding cavity, the cap domain and the entrance of the main tunnel that affect the size of the active site pocket and the substrate recognition mechanism. CONCLUSION This work sheds new light on the environmental fate and toxicity of 1,2-DBE and provides new knowledge on the structure, function and diversity of HLDs for developing applications in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens. Greece
| | - Evangelia Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens. Greece
| | - Maria Anna Gad
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens. Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Rodica Efrose
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, NIRDBS-Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iasi. Romania
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens. Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR- 11855-Athens. Greece
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Tsiplakou E, Abdullah MAM, Mavrommatis A, Chatzikonstantinou M, Skliros D, Sotirakoglou K, Flemetakis E, Labrou NE, Zervas G. The effect of dietary Chlorella vulgaris inclusion on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:142-151. [PMID: 28447361 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of dietary supplementation with microalgae on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids (FA) profile and enzymes activities related to antioxidant mechanism has not been well documented. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris on the following: (i) milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile, (ii) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood plasma and (iii) the activities of SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk of goats. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC)] were also determined in blood plasma and milk of the animals. For this purpose, 16 cross-bred goats were divided into two homogenous groups. Each goat of both groups was fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. The concentrates of the control group (Control) had no microalgae, while those of the Chlorella group were supplemented with 10 g lyophilized Chlorella vulgaris/kg concentrates (Chlorella). Thus, the average intake was 5.15 g Chlorella vulgaris/kg DM. The results showed that the dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris had not noticeable impact on goat's milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile. Significantly higher SOD (by 10.31%) and CAT (by 18.66%) activities in the blood plasma of goats fed with Chlorella vulgaris compared with the control were found. Moreover, the dietary supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris caused a significant increase in SOD (by 68.84%) activity and a reduction in PC (by 24.07%) content in goat's milk. In conclusion, the Chlorella vulgaris inclusion in goat's diets improved the antioxidant status of both animals and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsiplakou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M A M Abdullah
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Mavrommatis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Sotirakoglou
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Zervas
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Tsiplakou E, Flemetakis E, Kouri ED, Zervas G. The effect of long term under- and overfeeding on the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in the mammary tissue of goats. Anim Prod Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The glucose metabolism in the mammary tissue (MT) is controlled by several genes whose nutritional regulation is poorly documented. In this study, the effect of long-term under- and overfeeding on the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), sodium glucose contransporter 1 (SGLT1), two isoforms of β- (1, 4) galactosyltransferase [β- (1, 4) GAT1 and β- (1, 4) GAT3], and α-lactalbumin (LALBA), related to glucose metabolism in goat MT, was examined by using real-time RT-PCR. Twenty- four lactating goats were divided into three homogenous subgroups and fed the same ration in quantities covering 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements, respectively. The results showed that the feeding level did not affect the GLUT1, GLUT3 and SGLT1 genes expression in goats MT. On the contrary, a significant reduction and a trend for reduction on mRNA of β- (1, 4) GAT1 and on β- (1, 4) GAT3, respectively, in the MT of underfed goats, compared with the overfed ones, was observed. Moreover, a significant decrease in the LALBA mRNA accumulation in the MT of underfed goats compared with the overfed was found. In conclusion, the MT of goats, unlike cows, adapt to changes in glucose or energy supply from different levels of feeding by changing the utilisation of glucose for the synthesis of lactose.
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35
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Skopelitou K, Muleta AW, Papageorgiou AC, Chronopoulou EG, Pavli O, Flemetakis E, Skaracis GN, Labrou NE. Characterization and functional analysis of a recombinant tau class glutathione transferase GmGSTU2-2 from Glycine max. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:802-812. [PMID: 27103493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant tau class glutathione transferases (GSTs) perform diverse catalytic as well as non-catalytic roles in detoxification of xenobiotics, prevention of oxidative damage and endogenous metabolism. In the present work, the tau class isoenzyme GSTU2-2 from Glycine max (GmGSTU2-2) was characterized. Gene expression analysis of GmGSTU2 suggested a highly specific and selective induction pattern to osmotic stresses, indicating that gene expression is controlled by a specific mechanism. Purified, recombinant GmGSTU2-2 was shown to exhibit wide-range specificity towards xenobiotic compounds and ligand-binding properties, suggesting that the isoenzyme could provide catalytic flexibility in numerous metabolic conditions. Homology modeling and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the catalytic and ligand binding sites of GmGSTU2-2 are well conserved compared to other tau class GSTs. Structural analysis identified key amino acid residues in the hydrophobic binding site and provided insights into the substrate specificity of this enzyme. The results established that GmGSTU2-2 participates in a broad network of catalytic and regulatory functions involved in the plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katholiki Skopelitou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Abdi W Muleta
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20521, Finland
| | | | - Evangelia G Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Pavli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios N Skaracis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
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Skliros D, Kalatzis PG, Katharios P, Flemetakis E. Comparative Functional Genomic Analysis of Two Vibrio Phages Reveals Complex Metabolic Interactions with the Host Cell. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1807. [PMID: 27895630 PMCID: PMC5107563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing and annotation was performed for two large double stranded DNA bacteriophages, φGrn1 and φSt2 of the Myoviridae family, considered to be of great interest for phage therapy against Vibrios in aquaculture live feeds. In addition, phage–host metabolic interactions and exploitation was studied by transcript profiling of selected viral and host genes. Comparative genomic analysis with other large Vibrio phages was also performed to establish the presence and location of homing endonucleases highlighting distinct features for both phages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belong to the “schizoT4like” clade. Although many reports of newly sequenced viruses have provided a large set of information, basic research related to the shift of the bacterial metabolism during infection remains stagnant. The function of many viral protein products in the process of infection is still unknown. Genome annotation identified the presence of several viral open reading frames (ORFs) participating in metabolism, including a Sir2/cobB (sirtuin) protein and a number of genes involved in auxiliary NAD+ and nucleotide biosynthesis, necessary for phage DNA replication. Key genes were subsequently selected for detail study of their expression levels during infection. This work suggests a complex metabolic interaction and exploitation of the host metabolic pathways and biochemical processes, including a possible post-translational protein modification, by the virus during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Panos G Kalatzis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HeraklionCrete, Greece; Marine Biological Section, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens Athens, Greece
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37
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Tsiplakou E, Abdullah MAM, Skliros D, Chatzikonstantinou M, Flemetakis E, Labrou N, Zervas G. The effect of dietaryChlorella vulgarissupplementation on micro-organism community, enzyme activities and fatty acid profile in the rumen liquid of goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:275-283. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tsiplakou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - M. A. M. Abdullah
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - D. Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - M. Chatzikonstantinou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - E. Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - N. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology; Department of Biotechnology; School of Food, Biotechnology and Development; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - G. Zervas
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding; Agricultural University of Athens; Athens Greece
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Tsiplakou E, Flemetakis E, Kouri ED, Karalias G, Sotirakoglou K, Zervas G. The effect of long-term under- and overfeeding on the expression of six major milk proteins' genes in the mammary tissue of goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:422-30. [PMID: 26613803 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland involves expression of six major milk proteins' genes whose nutritional regulation remains poorly defined. In this study, the effect of long-term under- and overfeeding on the expression of as1-casein: CSN1S1, as2-casein: CSN1S2, β-casein: CSN2, κ-casein: CSN3, α-lactalbumin: LALBA and β-lactoglobulin: BLG gene in goat mammary tissue (MT) was examined. Twenty-four lactating dairy goat, at 90-98 days in milk, were divided into three homogenous subgroups and fed the same ration, for 60 days, in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed a significant decrease in mRNA of CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3 and LALBA genes in the MT of underfed goats compared with the overfed and on the CSN1S1 and BLG gene expressions in the MT of underfed goats compared with the respective control and overfed. CSN2 was the most abundant transcript in goat MT relative to the other milk proteins' genes. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the mRNA levels of caseins' and BLG genes with the milk yield. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively. In conclusion, the feeding level and consequently the nutrients availability affected the milk lactose content, protein and lactose yield as well as the milk volume by altering the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA and BLG gene expression involved in their metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsiplakou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Flemetakis
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E-D Kouri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Karalias
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Sotirakoglou
- Departmentof Plant Breeding and Biometry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Zervas
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kalloniati C, Krompas P, Karalias G, Udvardi MK, Rennenberg H, Herschbach C, Flemetakis E. Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules Are an Important Source of Reduced Sulfur, Which Triggers Global Changes in Sulfur Metabolism in Lotus japonicus. Plant Cell 2015; 27:2384-400. [PMID: 26296963 PMCID: PMC4815097 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We combined transcriptomic and biochemical approaches to study rhizobial and plant sulfur (S) metabolism in nitrogen (N) fixing nodules (Fix(+)) of Lotus japonicus, as well as the link of S-metabolism to symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the effect of nodules on whole-plant S-partitioning and metabolism. Our data reveal that N-fixing nodules are thiol-rich organs. Their high adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase activity and strong (35)S-flux into cysteine and its metabolites, in combination with the transcriptional upregulation of several rhizobial and plant genes involved in S-assimilation, highlight the function of nodules as an important site of S-assimilation. The higher thiol content observed in nonsymbiotic organs of N-fixing plants in comparison to uninoculated plants could not be attributed to local biosynthesis, indicating that nodules are an important source of reduced S for the plant, which triggers whole-plant reprogramming of S-metabolism. Enhanced thiol biosynthesis in nodules and their impact on the whole-plant S-economy are dampened in plants nodulated by Fix(-) mutant rhizobia, which in most respects metabolically resemble uninoculated plants, indicating a strong interdependency between N-fixation and S-assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Krompas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Karalias
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael K Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Labrou NE, Papageorgiou AC, Pavli O, Flemetakis E. Plant GSTome: structure and functional role in xenome network and plant stress response. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 32:186-194. [PMID: 25614070 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent a major group of detoxification enzymes. All plants possess multiple cytosolic GSTs, each of which displays distinct catalytic as well as non-catalytic binding properties. The progress made in recent years in the fields of genomics, proteomics and protein crystallography of GSTs, coupled with studies on their molecular evolution, diversity and substrate specificity has provided new insights into the function of these enzymes. In plants, GSTs appear to be implicated in an array of different functions, including detoxification of xenobiotics and endobiotics, primary and secondary metabolism, stress tolerance, and cell signalling. This review focuses on plant GSTome and attempts to give an overview of its catalytic and functional role in xenome and plant stress regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Ourania Pavli
- University of Thessaly, School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Fytokoy Street, 384 46 N. Ionia, Magnisia, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Vullo D, Flemetakis E, Scozzafava A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Anion inhibition studies of two α-carbonic anhydrases from Lotus japonicus, LjCAA1 and LjCAA2. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 136:67-72. [PMID: 24769135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The model organism for the investigation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes Lotus japonicus encodes two carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α-class, LjCAA1 and LjCAA2. Here we report the kinetic characterization and inhibition of these two CAs with inorganic and complex anions and other molecules interacting with zinc proteins, such as sulfamide, sulfamic acid, and phenylboronic/arsonic acids. LjCAA1 showed a high catalytic activity for the CO2 hydration reaction, with a k(cat) of 7.4∗10(5) s(-1) and a k(cat)/K(m) of 9.6∗10(7) M(-1) s(-1) and was inhibited in the low micromolar range by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, sulfamide, sulfamic acid, phenylboronic/arsonic acid (K(I)s of 4-62 μM). LjCAA2 showed a moderate catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction, with a k(cat) of 4.0∗10(5) s(-1) and a k(cat)/K(m) of 4.9∗10(7) M(-1) s(-1). The same anions mentioned above for the inhibition of LjCAA1 showed the best activity against LjCAA2 (K(I)s of 7-29 μM). Nitrate and nitrite, anions involved in nitrogen fixation, showed lower affinity for the two enzymes, with inhibition constants in the range of 3.7-7.0 mM. Halides and sulfate also behaved in a distinct manner towards the two enzymes investigated here. As LjCAA1/2 participate in the pH regulation processes and CO2 metabolism within the nitrogen-fixing nodules of the plant, our studies may shed some light regarding these complex biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Skopelitou K, Georgakis N, Efrose R, Flemetakis E, Labrou NE. Sol–gel immobilization of haloalkane dehalogenase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum for the remediation 1,2-dibromoethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stefan A, Stedel C, Rosu C, Sirbu C, Gorgan LD, Labrou N, Flemetakis E, Efrose R. Genetic diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia associated with Trifolium spp. from North Eastern Romania. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsikou D, Kalloniati C, Fotelli MN, Nikolopoulos D, Katinakis P, Udvardi MK, Rennenberg H, Flemetakis E. Cessation of photosynthesis in Lotus japonicus leaves leads to reprogramming of nodule metabolism. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:1317-32. [PMID: 23404899 PMCID: PMC3598425 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) involves global changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in both rhizobia and the host plant. In order to study the metabolic changes mediated by leaf-root interaction, photosynthesis was limited in leaves by exposure of plants to darkness, and subsequently gene expression was profiled by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and metabolite levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the nodules of the model legume Lotus japonicus. Photosynthetic carbon deficiency caused by prolonged darkness affected many metabolic processes in L. japonicus nodules. Most of the metabolic genes analysed were down-regulated during the extended dark period. In addition to that, the levels of most metabolites decreased or remained unaltered, although accumulation of amino acids was observed. Reduced glycolysis and carbon fixation resulted in lower organic acid levels, especially of malate, the primary source of carbon for bacteroid metabolism and SNF. The high amino acid concentrations together with a reduction in total protein concentration indicate possible protein degradation in nodules under these conditions. Interestingly, comparisons between amino acid and protein content in various organs indicated systemic changes in response to prolonged darkness between nodulated and non-nodulated plants, rendering the nodule a source organ for both C and N under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Mariangela N. Fotelli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Pky, Ardmore, OK 7340, USA
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Kapazoglou A, Engineer C, Drosou V, Kalloniati C, Tani E, Tsaballa A, Kouri ED, Ganopoulos I, Flemetakis E, Tsaftaris AS. The study of two barley type I-like MADS-box genes as potential targets of epigenetic regulation during seed development. BMC Plant Biol 2012; 12:166. [PMID: 22985436 PMCID: PMC3499179 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MADS-box genes constitute a large family of transcription factors functioning as key regulators of many processes during plant vegetative and reproductive development. Type II MADS-box genes have been intensively investigated and are mostly involved in vegetative and flowering development. A growing number of studies of Type I MADS-box genes in Arabidopsis, have assigned crucial roles for these genes in gamete and seed development and have demonstrated that a number of Type I MADS-box genes are epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, reports on agronomically important cereals such as barley and wheat are scarce. RESULTS Here we report the identification and characterization of two Type I-like MADS-box genes, from barley (Hordeum vulgare), a monocot cereal crop of high agronomic importance. Protein sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the putative proteins are related to Type I MADS-box proteins, and classified them in a distinct cereal clade. Significant differences in gene expression among seed developmental stages and between barley cultivars with varying seed size were revealed for both genes. One of these genes was shown to be induced by the seed development- and stress-related hormones ABA and JA whereas in situ hybridizations localized the other gene to specific endosperm sub-compartments. The genomic organization of the latter has high conservation with the cereal Type I-like MADS-box homologues and the chromosomal position of both genes is close to markers associated with seed quality traits. DNA methylation differences are present in the upstream and downstream regulatory regions of the barley Type I-like MADS-box genes in two different developmental stages and in response to ABA treatment which may be associated with gene expression differences. CONCLUSIONS Two barley MADS-box genes were studied that are related to Type I MADS-box genes. Differential expression in different seed developmental stages as well as in barley cultivars with different seed size was evidenced for both genes. The two barley Type I MADS-box genes were found to be induced by ABA and JA. DNA methylation differences in different seed developmental stages and after exogenous application of ABA is suggestive of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The study of barley Type I-like MADS-box genes extends our investigations of gene regulation during endosperm and seed development in a monocot crop like barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (INA), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
| | - Cawas Engineer
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (INA), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
| | - Vicky Drosou
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (INA), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR-11855, Greece
| | - Eleni Tani
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (INA), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Tsaballa
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Evangelia D Kouri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR-11855, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR-11855, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Tsaftaris
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (INA), CERTH, Thermi-Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
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Tani E, Tsaballa A, Stedel C, Kalloniati C, Papaefthimiou D, Polidoros A, Darzentas N, Ganopoulos I, Flemetakis E, Katinakis P, Tsaftaris A. The study of a SPATULA-like bHLH transcription factor expressed during peach (Prunus persica) fruit development. Plant Physiol Biochem 2011; 49:654-63. [PMID: 21324706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies on the dry fruits of the model plant arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have revealed various gene regulators of the development and dehiscence of the siliques. Peach pericarp is analogous to the valve tissues of the arabidopsis siliques. The stone (otherwise called pit) in drupes is formed through lignification of the fruit endocarp. The lignified endocarp in peach can be susceptible to split-pit formation under certain genetic as well as environmental factors. This phenomenon delays processing of the clingstone varieties of peach and causes economical losses for the peach fruit canning industry. The fruitfull (FUL) and shatterproof (SHP) genes are key MADS-box transcription protein coding factors that control fruit development and dehiscence in arabidopsis by promoting the expression of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors like Spatula (SPT) and Alcatraz (ALC). Results from our previous studies on peach suggested that temporal regulation of PPERFUL and PPERSHP gene expression may be involved in the regulation of endocarp margin development. In the present study a PPERSPATULA-like (PPERSPT) gene was cloned and characterized. Comparative analysis of temporal regulation of PPERSPT gene expression during pit hardening in a resistant and a susceptible to split-pit variety, suggests that this gene adds one more component to the genes network that controls endocarp margins development in peach. Taking into consideration that no ALC-like genes have been identified in any dicot plant species outside the Brassicaceae family, where arabidopsis belongs, PPERSPT may have additional role(s) in peach that are fulfilled in arabidopsis by ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tani
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, Thermi GR-570 01, Greece
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Fotelli MN, Tsikou D, Kolliopoulou A, Aivalakis G, Katinakis P, Udvardi MK, Rennenberg H, Flemetakis E. Nodulation enhances dark CO₂ fixation and recycling in the model legume Lotus japonicus. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:2959-2971. [PMID: 21307384 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), the nodule becomes a strong sink for photosynthetic carbon. Here, it was studied whether nodule dark CO(2) fixation could participate in a mechanism for CO(2) recycling through C(4)-type photosynthesis. Differences in the natural δ(13)C abundance between Lotus japonicus inoculated or not with the N-fixing Mesorhizobium loti were assessed. (13)C labelling and gene expression of key enzymes of CO(2) metabolism were applied in plants inoculated with wild-type or mutant fix(-) (deficient in N fixation) strains of M. loti, and in non-inoculated plants. Compared with non-inoculated legumes, inoculated legumes had higher natural δ(13)C abundance and total C in their hypergeous organs and nodules. In stems, (13)C accumulation and expression of genes coding for enzymes of malate metabolism were greater in inoculated compared with non-inoculated plants. Malate-oxidizing activity was localized in stem xylem parenchyma, sieve tubes, and photosynthetic outer cortex parenchyma of inoculated plants. In stems of plants inoculated with fix(-) M. loti strains, (13)C accumulation remained high, while accumulation of transcripts coding for malic enzyme isoforms increased. A potential mechanism is proposed for reducing carbon losses during SNF by the direct reincorporation of CO(2) respired by nodules and the transport and metabolism of C-containing metabolites in hypergeous organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela N Fotelli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Tsikou D, Stedel C, Kouri ED, Udvardi MK, Wang TL, Katinakis P, Labrou NE, Flemetakis E. Characterization of two novel nodule-enhanced α-type carbonic anhydrases from Lotus japonicus. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1814:496-504. [PMID: 21256984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two cDNA clones coding for α-type carbonic anhydrases (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) in the nitrogen-fixing nodules of the model legume Lotus japonicus were identified. Functionality of the full-length proteins was confirmed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and purification of the encoded polypeptides. The developmental expression pattern of LjCAA1 and LjCAA2 revealed that both genes code for nodule enhanced carbonic anhydrase isoforms, which are induced early during nodule development. The genes were slightly to moderately down-regulated in ineffective nodules formed by mutant Mesorhizobium loti strains, indicating that these genes may also be involved in biochemical and physiological processes not directly linked to nitrogen fixation/assimilation. The spatial expression profiling revealed that both genes were expressed in nodule inner cortical cells, vascular bundles and central tissue. These results are discussed in the context of the possible roles of CA in nodule carbon dioxide (CO(2)) metabolism.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Carbonic Anhydrases/chemistry
- Carbonic Anhydrases/genetics
- Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Enzyme Assays
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Lotus/cytology
- Lotus/enzymology
- Lotus/genetics
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Root Nodules, Plant/cytology
- Root Nodules, Plant/enzymology
- Root Nodules, Plant/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tsikou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
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Kalliampakou KI, Kouri ED, Boleti H, Pavli O, Maurousset L, Udvardi MK, Katinakis P, Lemoine R, Flemetakis E. Cloning and functional characterization of LjPLT4, a plasma membrane xylitol H(+)- symporter from Lotus japonicus. Mol Membr Biol 2011; 28:1-13. [PMID: 21219252 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.500626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyols are compounds that play various physiological roles in plants. Here we present the identification of four cDNA clones of the model legume Lotus japonicus, encoding proteins of the monosaccharide transporter-like (MST) superfamily that share significant homology with previously characterized polyol transporters (PLTs). One of the transporters, named LjPLT4, was characterized functionally after expression in yeast. Transport assays revealed that LjPLT4 is a xylitol-specific H(+)-symporter (K (m), 0.34 mM). In contrast to the previously characterized homologues, LjPLT4 was unable to transport other polyols, including mannitol, sorbitol, myo-inositol and galactitol, or any of the monosaccharides tested. Interestingly, some monosaccharides, including fructose and xylose, inhibited xylitol uptake, although no significant uptake of these compounds was detected in the LjPLT4 transformed yeast cells, suggesting interactions with the xylitol binding site. Subcellular localization of LjPLT4-eYFP fusions expressed in Arabidopsis leaf epidermal cells indicated that LjPLT4 is localized in the plasma membrane. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that LjPLT4 is expressed in all major plant organs, with maximum transcript accumulation in leaves correlating with maximum xylitol levels there, as determined by GC-MS. Thus, LjPLT4 is the first plasma membrane xylitol-specific H(+)-symporter to be characterized in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina I Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fasseas MK, Tsikou D, Flemetakis E, Katinakis P. Molecular and biochemical analysis of the α class carbonic anhydrases in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1777-85. [PMID: 20842438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in silico analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome revealed six genes (cah-1, cah-2, cah-3, cah-4, cah-5, and cah-6) possibly encoding α class CAs (carbonic anhydrase). Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed the temporal expression pattern of each gene, as well as changes in expression levels under different atmospheric conditions (stress). Cah-3 and cah-4 showed the highest levels of transcript accumulation, while most genes responded to the stress conditions. Yeast complementation showed that cah-3 was able to complement the function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CA (NCE103) in vivo. Recombinant CAH-3, CAH-4a and CAH-5 enzymes, expressed in Escherichia coli were used for in vitro measurement of CA activity. However, in vitro activity was only detectable for CAH-4a. RNAi by feeding was performed on wild-type C. elegans for all genes. The worms were examined for a visible phenotype under normal and stress conditions (pH, CO(2)/O(2)). Silencing cah-3 and cah-4 may reduce the life-span of the worms (at 22 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Fasseas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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