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Fleury MJ, Cao Z, Grenier G, Ferland F. Profiles of quality of life among patients using emergency departments for mental health reasons. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:116. [PMID: 37880748 PMCID: PMC10601205 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified profiles associated with quality of life (QoL) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients using emergency departments (ED) for mental health reasons and associated these profiles with patient service use. METHODS Recruited in four Quebec (Canada) ED networks, 299 patients with mental disorders (MD) were surveyed from March 1st, 2021, to May 13th, 2022. Data from medical records were collected and merged with survey data. Cluster analysis was conducted to identify QoL profiles, and comparison analyses used to assess differences between them. RESULTS Four QoL profiles were identified: (1) Unemployed or retired men with low QoL, education and household income, mostly having substance-related disorders and bad perceived mental/physical health conditions; (2) Men who are employed or students, have good QoL, high education and household income, the least personality disorders, and fair perceived mental/physical health conditions; (3) Women with low QoL, multiple mental health problems, and very bad perceived mental/physical health conditions; (4) Mostly women with very good QoL, serious MD, and very good perceived mental/physical health conditions. CONCLUSION The profiles with the highest QoL (4 and 2) had better overall social characteristics and perceived their health conditions as superior. Profile 4 reported the highest level of satisfaction with services used. To improve QoL programs like permanent supportive housing, individual placement and support might be better implemented, and satisfaction with care more routinely assessed in response to patient needs - especially for Profiles 1 and 3, that show complex health and social conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Fleury
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Zhirong Cao
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Grenier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francine Ferland
- School of Social Work, Addiction Rehabilitation Center, Laval University, National Capital University Integrated Health and Social Services Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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2
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van Genk C, Roeg D, van Vugt M, van Weeghel J, Van Regenmortel T. What are important ingredients for Intensive Home Support for people with severe mental illness according to experts? A concept mapping approach. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:475. [PMID: 37380952 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deinstitutionalization in mental health care has been an ongoing process for decades. More and more people with severe mental illness (SMI), who previously lived in residential supported housing settings and were formerly homeless, are now living independently in the community but need intensive support to enable independent living. The support provided by regular outpatient teams is inadequate for this target group. This study explored the ingredients for an alternative form of outpatient support: intensive home support (IHS). METHODS Concept mapping was used, following five steps: (1) brainstorming, (2) sorting, (3) rating, (4) statistical analysis & visual representation, and (5) interpretation. Purposive sampling was used to represent several perspectives, including researchers, professionals, peer workers, and policy makers. RESULTS Experts (n = 17) participated in the brainstorming step and the sorting and rating steps (n = 14). The 84 generated statements were grouped into 10 clusters:. (1) housing rights; (2) informal collaboration; (3) reciprocity in the community; (4) normalization and citizenship; (5) recovery; (6) sustainable funding; (7) equivalence; (8) flexible, proactive 24/7 support; (9) public health and positive health; and (10) integrated cooperation in support at home. CONCLUSIONS Given the diversity of the ingredients contained in the clusters, it seems that IHS should be designed according to a holistic approach in collaboration with several sectors. Additionally, IHS is not only the responsibility of care organizations but also the responsibility of national and local governments. Further research about collaboration and integrated care is needed to determine how to implement all of the ingredients in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline van Genk
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Diana Roeg
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Kwintes Housing and Rehabilitation Services, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Vugt
- Trimbos Institute, Dutch Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- HVO-Querido, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Tine Van Regenmortel
- Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences - HIVA, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Henwood BF, Kuhn R, Padwa H, Ijadi-Maghsoodi R, Corletto G, Lawton A, Chien J, Bluthenthal R, Cousineau MR, Chinchilla M, Tran Smith B, Vickery KD, Harris T, Patanwala M, Akabike W, Gelberg L. Investigating the Comparative Effectiveness of Place-Based and Scatter-Site Permanent Supportive Housing for People Experiencing Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocols for a Mixed Methods, Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e46782. [PMID: 37115590 PMCID: PMC10150866 DOI: 10.2196/46782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is an evidence-based practice to address homelessness that is implemented using 2 distinct approaches. The first approach is place-based PSH (PB-PSH), or single-site housing placement, in which an entire building with on-site services is designated for people experiencing homelessness. The second approach is scatter-site PSH (SS-PSH), which uses apartments rented from a private landlord while providing mobile case management services. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the protocols for a mixed methods comparative effectiveness study of 2 distinct approaches to implementing PSH and the patient-centered quality of life, health care use, and health behaviors that reduce COVID-19 risk. METHODS People experiencing homelessness who are placed in either PB-PSH or SS-PSH completed 6 monthly surveys after move-in using smartphones provided by the study team. A subsample of participants completed 3 qualitative interviews at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months that included photo elicitation interviewing. Two stakeholder advisory groups, including one featuring people with lived experience of homelessness, helped guide study decisions and interpretations of findings. RESULTS Study recruitment was supposed to occur over 6 months starting in January 2021 but was extended due to delays in recruitment. These delays included COVID-19 delays (eg, recruitment sites shut down due to outbreaks and study team members testing positive) and delays that may have been indirectly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including high staff turnover or recruitment sites having competing priorities. In end-July 2022, in total, 641 people experiencing homelessness had been referred from 26 partnering recruitment sites, and 563 people experiencing homelessness had enrolled in the study and completed a baseline demographic survey. Of the 563 participants in the study, 452 had recently moved into the housing when they enrolled, with 272 placed in PB-PSH and 180 placed in SS-PSH. Another 111 participants were approved but are still waiting for housing placement. To date, 49 participants have been lost to follow-up, and 12% of phones (70 of the initial 563 distributed) were reported lost by participants. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment during the pandemic, while successful, was challenging given that in-person contact was not permitted at times either by program sites or the research institutions during COVID-19 surges and high community transmission, which particularly affected homelessness programs in Los Angeles County. To overcome recruitment challenges, flexible strategies were used, which included extending the recruitment period and the distribution of cell phones with paid data plans. Given current recruitment numbers and retention rates that are over 90%, the study will be able to address a gap in the literature by considering the comparative effectiveness of PB-PSH versus SS-PSH on patient-centered quality of life, health care use, and health behaviors that reduce COVID-19 risk, which can influence future public health approaches to homelessness and infectious diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04769349; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04769349. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/46782.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Henwood
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Randall Kuhn
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Howard Padwa
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gisele Corletto
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alex Lawton
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessie Chien
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ricky Bluthenthal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Cousineau
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Chinchilla
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bikki Tran Smith
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Katherine D Vickery
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Taylor Harris
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria Patanwala
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Whitney Akabike
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lillian Gelberg
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Adamus C, Alpiger J, Jäger M, Richter D, Mötteli S. Independent Supported Housing Versus Institutionalised Residential Rehabilitation for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Survey of Attitudes and Working Conditions Among Mental Healthcare Professionals. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:531-539. [PMID: 36227518 PMCID: PMC9981490 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread support for Independent Supported Housing (ISH) interventions, psychiatric housing rehabilitation still commonly takes place in residential care facilities (RCFs). This study compares preferences, attitudes and working conditions of mental healthcare professionals (MHCPs) in ISH and RCFs using an online survey. The survey included setting preferences, stress and strain at work, recovery attitudes, stigmatisation, and factors experienced as particularly important or obstructive in housing rehabilitation. Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Of the 112 participating MHCPs, 37% worked in ISH and 63% in RCFs. Professionals' education, work-related demands and influence at work were higher in ISH, stigmatising attitudes were higher in RCFs. MHCPs in both settings endorsed ISH. The support process was seen as particularly important whereas stigmatisation, regulatory and political requirements were seen as obstructive for successful housing rehabilitation. Results indicate that social inclusion of individuals with severe mental illness is seldom feasible without professional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Adamus
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland. .,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Sägestrasse 75, 3098, Köniz, Switzerland.
| | - Jovin Alpiger
- School of Applied Psychology, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Jäger
- Psychiatrie Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Richter
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Mötteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Zhuang ZY, Fu CH. HOUSING PREFERENCE STRUCTURES IN EAST ASIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AND NON-PARADIGMATIC SHIFTS BETWEEN NEARBY METROPOLES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.3846/ijspm.2023.18628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A systematic research flow was applied to the Southern Metropolis in Taiwan not only to recount residents’ considerations in this cultural area but also to compare them with those of other metropolitans on the island in relation to general housing concerns. The constructs and factors in housing decision-making were justified using the literature, confirmed with experts in the field, and organised as a decision hierarchy that formed the foundation of a survey. The investigation combined the analytic hierarchy process and Student’s t-test, both of which are credible methods, to facilitate a grounded process for mind mining. The importance of constructs/factors were thus assessed on a numerical basis, and a set of unforeseen insights were explored for the different parties of interest (e.g., buyers, construction companies, agents, asset managers, etc.). Opinion gaps between different sample groups were identified. This set of empirical knowledge filled the gap in the literature. It is noteworthy that among the constructs in the region studied, (housing) ‘conditions’ dominated ‘price’, while ‘location and transport’ was the least important. A ‘non-paradigmatic shift’ in people’s total housing preference structure, which changed gradually with decreasing population density and increasing plain geography from the north to the south between nearby metropoles, was observed, despite the niche but commensurable cultural norm in East Asia being the overall scenario of the island. Some existing claims about the housing preferences in this area were also either supported or rebutted by the quantitative evidence(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yun Zhuang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Republic of China (Taiwan); Laboratório do Centro de Processamento de Dados, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Chen-Hua Fu
- Department of Information Management, National Defence University, Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan)
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6
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van Genk C, Roeg D, van Vugt M, van Weeghel J, Van Regenmortel T. Current insights of community mental healthcare for people with severe mental illness: A scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1156235. [PMID: 37143787 PMCID: PMC10151504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1156235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For the last four decades, there has been a shift in mental healthcare toward more rehabilitation and following a more humanistic and comprehensive vision on recovery for persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Consequently, many community-based mental healthcare programs and services have been developed internationally. Currently, community mental healthcare is still under development, with a focus on further inclusion of persons with enduring mental health problems. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and upcoming community mental healthcare approaches to discover the current vision on the ingredients of community mental healthcare. Methods We conducted a scoping review by systematically searching four databases, supplemented with the results of Research Rabbit, a hand-search in reference lists and 10 volumes of two leading journals. We included studies on adults with SMI focusing on stimulating independent living, integrated care, recovery, and social inclusion published in English between January 2011 and December 2022 in peer-reviewed journals. Results The search resulted in 56 papers that met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis revealed ingredients in 12 areas: multidisciplinary teams; collaboration within and outside the organization; attention to several aspects of health; supporting full citizenship; attention to the recovery of daily life; collaboration with the social network; tailored support; well-trained staff; using digital technologies; housing and living environment; sustainable policies and funding; and reciprocity in relationships. Conclusion We found 12 areas of ingredients, including some innovative topics about reciprocity and sustainable policies and funding. There is much attention to individual ingredients for good community-based mental healthcare, but very little is known about their integration and implementation in contemporary, fragmented mental healthcare services. For future studies, we recommend more empirical research on community mental healthcare, as well as further investigation(s) from the social service perspective, and solid research on general terminology about SMI and outpatient support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline van Genk
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Caroline van Genk,
| | - Diana Roeg
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Kwintes Housing and Rehabilitation Services, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Vugt
- Trimbos Institute, Dutch Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
- HVO-Querido, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap van Weeghel
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Tine Van Regenmortel
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences – HIVA, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Adamus C, Zürcher SJ, Richter D. A mirror-image analysis of psychiatric hospitalisations among people with severe mental illness using Independent Supported Housing. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:492. [PMID: 35869456 PMCID: PMC9308357 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the effectiveness of Independent Supported Housing (ISH) for non-homeless people with severe mental illness primarily comes from observational cohort studies, which have high risk of bias due to confounding by time-invariant sample characteristics. The present study proposes an alternative study design known from pharmacology to overcome this bias and strengthen evidence. METHODS We conducted a retrospective mirror-image analysis with medical records of 144 ISH service users to assess the effectiveness of ISH in reducing the number and duration of hospitalisations. Outcomes occurring in equal periods before and during ISH utilisation were compared for every ISH user. Differences between the periods were tested with incidence rate ratios (IRR). RESULTS Included service users were on average 38.2 years old, female (54%) and predominately had an affective (28.5%) or a schizophrenic or psychotic (22.9%) disorder with ISH utilisation days ranging from 36-960. Fewer admissions (IRR = 0.41, 95%-CI 0.27-0.64) and fewer person-days hospitalised (IRR = 0.38, 95%-CI 0.35-0.41) were observed during ISH utilisation compared to prior to their ISH utilisation. While the reduction in psychiatric admissions may be somewhat confounded by time-variant characteristics, the substantial reduction in hospitalised bed-bays represents at least partially an intervention effect. CONCLUSIONS The mirror-image study design allowed for a cost-effective investigation of ISH effectiveness in reducing hospitalisation without confounding by time-invariant sample characteristics. We provide recommendations for the design's application and suggest further research with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Adamus
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland. .,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Simeon Joel Zürcher
- grid.412559.e0000 0001 0694 3235Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157 University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.424060.40000 0001 0688 6779Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Richter
- grid.412559.e0000 0001 0694 3235Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157 University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.424060.40000 0001 0688 6779Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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Effectiveness of supported housing versus residential care in severe mental illness: a multicenter, quasi-experimental study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:927-937. [PMID: 35041013 PMCID: PMC9042980 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Up to now there are only few studies and no RCT comparing efficacy or effectiveness of supported housing (SH) versus residential care (RC) in severe mental illness (SMI) without homelessness. Here we present an observational follow-up study in SMI subjects, who entered SH or RC, to compare clinical and functional outcomes 2 years later. METHODS In this prospective study in more than 30 locations throughout a German federal state, we included SMI subjects, who entered SH (n = 153) or RC (n = 104). About one quarter suffered from each substance use, psychotic, affective, or other disorders. To avoid sampling bias, we used the propensity score matching method to establish a quasi-experimental design. Outcome measures were social functioning (SFS), the number of psychiatric hospitalisations, psychopathology (SCL-9-K), and quality of life (MANSA). Apart from descriptive methods we analysed primarily using repeated-measures ANOVAS. RESULTS Our analyses revealed significant effects of time for all outcomes in both study groups. However, there were not any group differences of outcome measures, i.e., not any significant effects of group or interactional effects of group x time. Moreover, these results hold true for intent-to-treat and per-protocol sample analyses. CONCLUSION The results show, that SH and RC for non-homeless people with SMI achieve the same clinical and psychosocial outcomes across a 2-year period. Taking into account the users' preferences, the present findings should give reason to ensure the availability of affordable housing and to support the expansion of supported housing approaches.
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9
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Adamus C, Mötteli S, Jäger M, Richter D. Independent Supported Housing for non-homeless individuals with severe mental illness: Comparison of two effectiveness studies using a randomised controlled and an observational study design. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1033328. [PMID: 36440393 PMCID: PMC9685807 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1033328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No randomised controlled study (RCT) on the effectiveness of Independent Supported Housing (ISH) vs. housing as usual (HAU) settings for non-homeless individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) has been conducted to date because of limited feasibility. Alternative designs, such as observational studies, might be suitable for providing adequate evidence if well conducted. To test this hypothesis, this article reports on a prospective, direct comparison of the designs of two parallel studies in this field. METHODS A two-centre, parallel-group non-inferiority effectiveness study was conducted at two locations in Switzerland using identical instruments and clinical hypotheses. One centre applied an RCT design and the other an observational study (OS) design with propensity score methods (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03815604). The comparability of the two study centres was investigated in terms of participants, procedures, and outcomes. The primary outcome was social inclusion and the secondary outcomes were quality of life and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS The study included 141 participants (RCT: n = 58; OS: n = 83). Within one year, 27% study dropouts occurred (RCT: 34%; OS: 22%). A similar balance of sample characteristics was achieved in the RCT and the OS using propensity score methods (inverse probability of treatment weighting). After one year, ISH was non-inferior to the control condition regarding social inclusion (mean differences [95% CI]) in the RCT (6.28 [-0.08 to 13.35]) and the OS (2.24 [-2.30 to 6.77]) and showed no significant differences in quality of life (RCT: 0.12 [-0.52 to 0.75]; OS: 0.16 [-0.26 to 0.58]) and symptoms (RCT: -0.18 [-0.75 to 0.40]; OS: 0.21 [-0.17 to 0.60]) in both study centres. However, strong and persistent preferences for ISH in the RCT control group reduced participants' willingness to participate. Because of several limitations in the RCT, the results of the RCT and the OS are not comparable. CONCLUSION Participants were comparable in both study sites. However, there were significant problems in conducting the RCT because of strong preferences for ISH. The OS with propensity score methods provided results of more stable groups of participants and revealed balanced samples and valid outcome analysis. Our results do not support further investment in RCTs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Adamus
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Mötteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Psychiatrie Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Richter
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Richter D, Adamus C, Mötteli S, Myszor F, Wienberg G, Steinhart I. [Supported Housing - Development and Validation of the "Supported Housing Fidelity Scale" for People With Mental Health Problems]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 49:103-106. [PMID: 34710933 PMCID: PMC8898671 DOI: 10.1055/a-1509-4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ziel der Studie
In der psychiatrischen Versorgung fehlt bisher eine umfassende Beschreibung der Struktur- und Prozessmerkmale unterstützter Wohnformen im deutschsprachigen Raum. Die Entwicklung und Testung einer Modelltreueskala für selbstbestimmtes Wohnen wird dargestellt.
Methodik
Im Rahmen einer länderübergreifenden Kooperation wurde eine Skala entwickelt und in Interviews mit Leitungspersonen in 87 Diensten und Einrichtungen in Deutschland und der Schweiz eingesetzt.
Ergebnisse
Die Modelltreueskala umfasst 31 Items in 4 Bereichen. Unterstützungsdienste in der eigenen Wohnung wiesen eine leicht höhere Modelltreue gegenüber besonderen Wohnformen (stationäre Einrichtungen) auf. Dies galt insbesondere für die Bereiche Wohnbedingungen und Inklusionsorientierung. In den Bereichen Mitarbeitende/Team und Unterstützungsbedingungen wurden keine Unterschiede gemessen.
Schlussfolgerung
Mit der Modelltreueskala steht erstmalig ein überprüfbarer Kriterienkatalog für das selbstbestimmte Wohnen in der psychiatrischen Versorgung zur Verfügung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Richter
- Zentrum Psychiatrische Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Schweiz.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz.,Departement Gesundheit, Berner Fachhochschule, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Christine Adamus
- Zentrum Psychiatrische Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Schweiz.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bern, Schweiz
| | - Sonja Mötteli
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | - Günther Wienberg
- von Bodelschwinghsche Stiftungen Bethel, Bethel.regional, Deutschland
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11
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Mötteli S, Adamus C, Deb T, Fröbel R, Siemerkus J, Richter D, Jäger M. Independent Supported Housing for Non-homeless People With Serious Mental Illness: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:798275. [PMID: 35126208 PMCID: PMC8814620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.798275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent supported housing (ISH)-services to support independent housing are recommended by current guidelines. However, there is little evidence of ISH models for non-homeless people with severe mental illness (SMI). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of ISH by comparing the clinical outcomes of a newly implemented ISH service with regular housing and support services. METHODS A total of 58 adults with a broad spectrum of mental disorders experiencing housing problems were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG) with the possibility to use the ISH service in Zurich providing targeted, individual and flexible support for housing problems or to the control group (CG) with regular housing and support services currently available (trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03815604). RESULTS After 12 months, almost all participants of the IG were able to live independently and need for inpatient treatment could be significantly reduced. Service utilization varied between 2 and 79 h. In the CG, 70% of the participants wanted to join a waiting list for the ISH service. The results indicated that IHS was comparable to regular housing and support services in terms of social inclusion and other social and clinical outcomes such as quality of life, capabilities, needs, mental state and functioning (p's > 0.05). The costs of service utilization were on average 115 Swiss Francs (about 124 USD) per participant per month. CONCLUSIONS ISH is an effective service in housing rehabilitation in terms of social and clinical outcomes and costs. ISH is strongly preferred by service users. In line with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, access to ISH services for non-homeless people with SMI should be improved. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03815604, December 04, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mötteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Adamus
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.,Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tim Deb
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Fröbel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Siemerkus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Richter
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.,Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Gutwinski S, Westerbarkey E, Schouler-Ocak M, Moran JK, Schreiter S. Housing Satisfaction of Psychiatric Patients in Different Forms of Housing-A Cross-Sectional Study in Berlin, Germany. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:652565. [PMID: 34168576 PMCID: PMC8218992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.652565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing social problem of homelessness and precarious housing situations has negative effects on psychological outcomes and quality of life (QoL) for mentally ill people. Despite a large body of research on QoL among homeless mentally ill people, research on housing satisfaction as a specific QoL domain and important outcome variable for treatment interventions is scarce. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to investigate housing satisfaction among psychiatric patients in various housing situations. Out of 1,251 patients that were treated in the targeted facilities during the admission period, 540 agreed to participate (43.2%). 123 participants were excluded from the analysis due to missing data, resulting in a sample of N = 417. Housing satisfaction data was assessed in a subjective screening and differences in satisfaction levels between housing status groups were analyzed. As hypothesized, more normative housing situations reported higher housing satisfaction. Homeless participants and those living in socio-therapeutic facilities were associated with more psychological and physical distress resulting from their housing situation than domiciled and flat-sharing participants. Problems of reducing homelessness and improving housing support are highlighted, as well as opportunities for improving support, particularly in therapeutic facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gutwinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ella Westerbarkey
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - James K Moran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the update of the evidence-based and consensus-based German S3 guideline on psychosocial therapies for severe mental illnesses (SMI), with particular attention to current developments and future research tasks. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a significant increase in studies on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in treatment of people with SMI. In the guideline a distinction is made between system-level interventions (e.g. multidisciplinary team-based psychiatric community care) and single-handed (nonteam-based) interventions (e.g. psychoeducation). Furthermore, principles of treatment (e.g. recovery-orientation) and self-help interventions (e.g. peer support) are addressed. The update of the guideline includes 33 recommendations and 12 statements. Compared with the first edition, there were upgrades in the recommendation of Supported Employment (A) and Supported Housing (A). Interventions such as peer support (B) and lifestyle interventions (A) were included for the first time. Developments are discussed in the context of most recent literature. Areas for further research are highlighted and fields for next updates such as antistigma interventions and supported parenting were identified. SUMMARY The present guideline offers an important opportunity to further improve health services for people with SMI. However, guideline implementation is challenging.
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14
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Adamus C, Mötteli S, Jäger M, Richter D. Independent Housing and Support for non-homeless individuals with severe mental illness: randomised controlled trial vs. observational study - study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:319. [PMID: 32560681 PMCID: PMC7304176 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social inclusion is essential for an adequate rehabilitation process for people with serious mental illness (SMI). Various supported housing settings aim to promote housing competencies and social inclusion in service users. Nevertheless, there is a strong preference in service users for independent living. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of Independent Housing and Support (IHS) compared to institutionalised residential care settings and other treatment as usual conditions (RCS/TAU) in two cities in Switzerland. METHODS This is a prospective multi-centre, four-arm, non-inferiority cohort study investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of IHS and RCS/TAU for people with SMI. Effectiveness will be measured by a standardised measure of social inclusion as primary outcome as well as by measures of functioning and well-being. Efficiency will be analysed on the basis of service usage and costs associated with the different housing settings. Participants will be consecutively recruited and subsequently enrolled between April 2019 and December 2020 and assessed at baseline and after six, twelve and after 24 months. At one study site, 56 participants will be randomly assigned to one of the conditions; the other study site will be conducted as an observational study investigating 112 admitted participants. DISCUSSION While the UN Convention of the Rights of People with Disabilities aims to promote the opportunity to choose one's place of residence, the limited supply of alternative forms of housing does not guarantee genuine freedom of choice. Increased diversification and flexibility of housing support is essential. If IHS shows non-inferiority in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency, users should be allowed to choose their kind of housing support. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03815604, December 04, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Adamus
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Murtenstrasse 46, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Mötteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Psychiatrie Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Richter
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Murtenstrasse 46, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Departement of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Apostolopoulou A, Stylianidis S, Issari P, Chondros P, Alexiadou A, Belekou P, Giannou C, Karali EK, Foi V, Tzaferou F. Experiences of Recovery in EPAPSY's Community Residential Facilities and the Five CHIME Concepts: A Qualitative Inquiry. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 32116841 PMCID: PMC7031485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the reform of psychiatric services in Greece, the debate about the concept of recovery is still growing. Recovery is defined as a path through which individuals facing mental health challenges are enabled to regain and further develop significant relationships with family, friends, the community, and themselves and at the same time to cope with the detrimental effects of stigma through empowerment. The present qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of people living in EPAPSY's (Association for Regional Development and Mental Health) community residential facilities focusing mainly upon the key concepts of the CHIME (connectivity, hope, identity, meaning, and empowerment) conceptual framework of recovery. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants living and receiving mental health care in a residential facility of EPAPSY. The participants' accounts were analyzed using thematic analysis in a deductive and inductive manner. The research findings highlighted, among others, the challenges the participants faced during their early years in family and school, the experience of the revolving door effect, and the perceived turn their life took when they were transferred to a community residential facility, thus opening a new chapter in their lives. Of the five CHIME concepts, all are present in the participants' accounts, with emphasis given to a meaningful present, a need to feel "normal" again, and a positive outlook for the future, both for themselves and their relationships, despite the persistence of certain difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stelios Stylianidis
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University for Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Philia Issari
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Chondros
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Alexiadou
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
| | - Pepy Belekou
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Giannou
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni K. Karali
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
| | - Vana Foi
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Tzaferou
- Association for Regional Development and Mental Health (EPAPSY), Athens, Greece
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16
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Housing Disadvantage and Poor Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:262-272. [PMID: 31326010 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study reviews collective evidence on the longitudinal impact of housing disadvantage (based on tenure, precarity, and physical characteristics) on mental health. It is focused on temporally ordered studies where exposures preceded outcomes, a key criterion to establishing causal evidence. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of evidence on housing disadvantage and mental health was performed. The literature search used six electronic databases including MEDLINE (PubMed and Ovid platform), Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and Sociological Abstracts. Population-based longitudinal studies where exposure to housing disadvantage (excluding exposure to homelessness) preceded mental health were included. Methodologic quality of selected studies was examined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Because of definitional and methodologic heterogeneity among studies, narrative synthesis rather than meta-analysis was used to summarize research findings. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of the 1,804 unique titles identified in the literature search, 12 met the selection criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Housing disadvantage was measured by overcrowding, mortgage delinquency, housing mobility, housing tenure, subjective perceptions of inadequate housing, eviction, and physical housing conditions. Mental health was measured as depression, psychological impairment, anxiety, allostatic load, mental strain, and psychological health. Study sample sizes ranged from 205 to 16,234 people, and the follow-up period ranged from within 1 year to 34 years. Each study indicated a positive association between housing disadvantage and mental health for at least one housing disadvantage measure and mental health outcome. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review confirms that prior exposure to housing disadvantage may impact mental health later in life.
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17
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Social exclusion of people with severe mental illness in Switzerland: results from the Swiss Health Survey. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 28:427-435. [PMID: 29233203 PMCID: PMC6998964 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796017000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS People with severe mental illness (SMI) have a high risk of living socially excluded from the mainstream society. Policy initiatives and health systems aim to improve the social situation of people who suffer from mental health disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore the extent of social exclusion (employment and income, social network and social activities, health problems) of people with SMI in Switzerland. METHODS Data from the Swiss Health Survey 2012 were used to compare the social exclusion magnitude of people with SMI with those suffering from severe physical illness, common mental illness and the general population. RESULTS With the exception of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, we found a gradient of social exclusion that showed people with SMI to be more excluded than the comparison groups. Loneliness and poverty were widespread among people with SMI. Logistic regression analyses on each individual exclusion indicator revealed that people with SMI and people with severe physical illness were similarly excluded on many indicators, whereas people with common mental illness and the general population were much more socially included. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to political and health system goals, many people with SMI suffer from social exclusion. Social policy and clinical support should increase the efforts to counter exclusionary trends, especially in terms of loneliness and poverty.
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18
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Sheth AJ, McDonald KE, Fogg L, Conroy NE, Elms EHJ, Kraus LE, Frieden L, Hammel J. Satisfaction, safety, and supports: Comparing people with disabilities' insider experiences about participation in institutional and community living. Disabil Health J 2019; 12:712-717. [PMID: 31262701 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legislation and court decisions in the United States mandate the right to least restrictive community living and participation for people with disabilities, yet little research has examined differences in participation across institutional and community settings, or over time in the community post-transition. OBJECTIVE As part of a multi-site participatory action research project examining participation, we examined the differences in quality of life in institutional and community living environments among people with disabilities. METHODS We conducted surveys with adults with disabilities between 18 and 65 years-old that transitioned from institutions to the community in the United States within the last five years. This paper reports on findings for a diverse sample of 150 participants. RESULTS We found significant differences between ratings of institutional and community experiences, with increased reports of satisfaction, personal safety, service access, and participation in community settings. We also found significant improvements in community integration and inclusion after transition to community living, although barriers to transportation and activity access often remained. CONCLUSIONS This study of insider experiences of previously institutionalized people with disabilities illuminates important understandings of community participation, integration, and quality of life for the disability community in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Jordan Sheth
- Departments of Occupational Therapy and Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St. (MC811), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Katherine E McDonald
- Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, 444 White Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Louis Fogg
- Department of Community, Systems, and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University, 600 S. Paulina St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Nicole E Conroy
- Department of Leadership and Developmental Sciences, University of Vermont, Mann Hall, 208 Colchester Ave. Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA.
| | - Edward H J Elms
- Southwest ADA Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, 1333 Moursund St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lewis E Kraus
- Pacific ADA Center, 555 12th Street, Suite 1030, Oakland, CA, 94607, USA.
| | - Lex Frieden
- Southwest ADA Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, 1333 Moursund St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Joy Hammel
- Departments of Occupational Therapy and Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St. (MC811), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Watson J, Fossey E, Harvey C. A home but how to connect with others? A qualitative meta-synthesis of experiences of people with mental illness living in supported housing. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:546-564. [PMID: 30027684 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Supported housing principles emphasise the importance of decent, stable and affordable housing, and the provision of individualised support to enable people experiencing mental illness to live in their preferred communities, and to recover. This study sought to synthesise qualitative research addressing the question: how does living in supported housing facilitate social connections and participation from the viewpoints of people living with mental illness? Three databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline) were systematically searched to identify 19 peer-reviewed reports on 17 studies published during 2001-2016, in which the views and experiences of supported housing residents with mental illness were reported. Most studies were informed by grounded theory and used interview methods. Appraisal indicated the reports were of varying quality, but all met the inclusion criterion of reporting qualitative data relevant to the research question. Constant comparative methods were used to synthesise the reported data, and to identify themes across the studies. There were four overarching themes regarding the lived experience of supported housing for people with mental illness: (a) living in supported housing gave individuals privacy, a sense of control, stability and security; (b) stable housing supported residents' confidence to rebuild an identity and meaning in life, (c) there is a delicate balance between appreciating privacy and dealing with loneliness, and (d) opportunities and support to reconnect with families, friends and community are valued. The meta-synthesis findings highlight that supported housing residents face challenges of protecting their privacy and being lonely when on their own. Individualised support approaches need to attend to personal preferences for social participation and their varied meanings and significance. Further research is required to better understand how individualised forms of support can enable supported housing residents to connect with family, friends and community in their preferred ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellie Fossey
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Vic., Australia
| | - Carol Harvey
- Psychosocial Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, & NorthWestern Mental Health, Coburg, Vic., Australia
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20
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Friesinger JG, Topor A, Bøe TD, Larsen IB. Studies regarding supported housing and the built environment for people with mental health problems: A mixed-methods literature review. Health Place 2019; 57:44-53. [PMID: 30959400 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Places where people live are important for their personal and social lives. This is also the case for people with mental health problems living in supported housing. To summarise the existing knowledge, we conducted a systematic review of 13 studies with different methodologies regarding the built environment in supported housing and examined their findings in a thematic analysis. The built environment of supported housing involves three important and interrelated themes: well-being, social identity and privacy. If overregulated by professionals or located in problematic neighbourhoods or buildings, the settings could be an obstacle to recovery. If understood as meaningful places with scope for control by the tenants or with amenities nearby, the settings could aid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Topor
- University of Agder, Department of Psychosocial Health, Grimstad, Norway; Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Dag Bøe
- University of Agder, Department of Psychosocial Health, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Inger Beate Larsen
- University of Agder, Department of Psychosocial Health, Grimstad, Norway
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21
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Piat M, Seida K, Padgett D. Choice and personal recovery for people with serious mental illness living in supported housing. J Ment Health 2019; 29:306-313. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1581338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myra Piat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Deborah Padgett
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Wartmann L, Hartmann-Riemer M, Dinevski N, Siemerkus J, Fröbel R, Seifritz E, Jäger M. [Needs and self-reported quality of life of people with severe mental illness in sheltered housing facilities]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2019; 33:25-34. [PMID: 29808271 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-018-0275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper investigates the subjective needs of psychiatric patients in relation to the housing conditions with an additional focus on inclusion and participation. Furthermore, it examines differences in clinical and socio-demographic parameters, self-measured quality of life, stage of recovery. METHODS In this quantitative cross-sectional study, we compared 50 patients in a psychiatric acute ward setting, who were looking for a residence in a sheltered housing facility with 50 patients in a sheltered housing facility using structured interviews. RESULTS Patients living in a sheltered housing facility reported less unmet needs. However, no differences regarding inclusion and participation were found. More unmet needs were associated with poorer quality of life, and less social inclusion in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients in sheltered housing facilities report less unmet needs. Nevertheless, more efforts are needed to regarding inclusion of these patients. A "supported inclusion"-approach should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wartmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstraße 31, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz.
- , Dollikerstrasse 3, 8706, Meilen, Schweiz.
| | - Matthias Hartmann-Riemer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstraße 31, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | - Jakob Siemerkus
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstraße 31, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Rahel Fröbel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstraße 31, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstraße 31, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Matthias Jäger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Lenggstraße 31, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
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Abstract
This study is aimed at the importance of social care in rehabilitation. A brief overview of the social care theme is used as the methodology. There is a tension in mental health care between biological and psychological treatments that focus on deficits at the individual level (symptoms, disabilities) and social interventions that try to address local inequalities and barriers in order to improve access for service users to ordinary housing, employment and leisure opportunities. The history of mental health care tells us that social care is often underfunded and too easily dismissed as not the business of health care. But too much emphasis on a health model of individual deficits is a slippery slope to institutionalisation by way of therapeutic nihilism. Rehabilitation services follow the biopsychosocial model but with a shift in emphasis, recognising the vital role played by social interventions in improving the functional outcomes that matter to service users including access to housing, occupation, leisure facilities and the support of family and friends. In conclusion, rehabilitation is framed within a model of personal recovery in which the target of intervention is to boost hope and help the individual find a meaning to life, living well regardless of enduring symptoms.
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24
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Fossey E, Harvey C, McDermott F. Housing and Support Narratives of People Experiencing Mental Health Issues: Making My Place, My Home. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:939. [PMID: 31998158 PMCID: PMC6966198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Choice, control, privacy, and security are widely reported housing preferences of mental health consumers, are associated with improved well-being and greater housing satisfaction, and are important for recovery. This paper describes housing and neighborhood experiences from a larger qualitative study that sought to learn with people experiencing mental health issues about their everyday lives in an Australian urban community. Methods: A participatory approach to health research informed this study. A participatory reference group, including four people with consumer perspective knowledge and experience of mental health issues and four mental health practitioners with service provider and researcher perspectives, worked together to design and implement this study over a 4-year period. Thirty-nine participants were recruited, including 18 women and 21 men living in metropolitan Melbourne and receiving community mental health care for ongoing mental health issues related mainly to either psychotic or affective disorders. Participants each took part in one to three interviews or a focus group. The data were transcribed and analyzed using narrative and thematic analytic strategies, underpinned by reflective discussions with the participatory reference group. Findings: Participants' experiences of their housing and neighborhoods emphasized qualities that either contributed to or challenged their sense of being "at home." Identifying with a place as home was transformative, especially when supported by friendly neighborhood interactions, safety, and accessibility of local amenities. Unsatisfactory housing situations and limited income worked against participants' efforts to regain a sense of well-being and improve their situations. When being home was challenging, strategies used to counteract this included getting a pet and getting out as a means of resisting isolation at home. Differing views and ways of using the available support workers were described, suggesting tensions between seeking to be self-sufficient and valuing support. Conclusions: Social housing locations and housing-related support should explicitly attend to safety and security concerns. Collaborative care planning and outreach support should attend to supports for navigating issues with neighbors, housing, harnessing natural supports, and opportunities for being in others' company, as well as recognizing the importance of pets in people's lives. Understanding the strategies that mental health consumers find helpful in creating a sense of being at home, and the role of "place" in recovery merit further consideration in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Psychosocial Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carol Harvey
- Psychosocial Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona McDermott
- Department of Social Work, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Nelson G, Worton SK, Macnaughton E, Tsemberis S, MacLeod T, Hasford J, Goering P, Stergiopoulos V, Aubry T, Distasio J. Systems change in the context of an initiative to scale up Housing First in Canada. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:7-20. [PMID: 30506925 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine changes in the homeless-serving system in the context of a training and technical assistance initiative to scale up Housing First (HF) in 6 Canadian communities. Based on qualitative data from focus groups and individual interviews with key stakeholders (k = 7, n = 35) and field notes gathered over a 3-year period (n = 146), we found 2 main system changes: (a) changes in the capacity of the service delivery system at multiple levels of analysis (from individual to policy) to implement HF, and (b) changes in the coordination of parts of the service delivery system and collaboration among local stakeholders to enhance HF implementation. These changes were facilitated or constrained by the larger context of evidence, climate, policy, and funding. The findings were discussed in terms of systems change theory and implications for transformative systems change in the mental health and homelessness sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula Goering
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- University of Toronto
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26
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Désormeaux-Moreau M, Aubin G, Larivière N. SÉCuRE: A clinical tool for comprehensively assessing home safety of people with mental illness. Br J Occup Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022618762085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionPeople with severe mental illness benefit from a growing number of measures aimed at supporting independent housing. The purpose of the study was to develop a comprehensive home safety assessment tool.MethodThe tool's elaboration was done in three phases. The planning phase was intended to circumscribe the phenomenon, providing input for the development phase, which consisted of creating and enhancing the tool's prototypes. The evaluation phase then featured the tool's translation validity (relevance, exhaustiveness, clarity, and apparent clinical utility), with four successive rounds of expert consultation ( n = 20). Changes were made to the tool according to the experts' suggestions.FindingsThe proposed tool, SÉCuRE, adopts a structured professional judgment approach that is designed to be used collaboratively and interprofessionally, with a specific role for occupational therapists. It aims to systematize the assessment of contributive factors (risk and protective), all stakeholders' expectations and needs and the identification of potential ethical issues. The findings supported the translation validity and acceptance of the tool by clinicians.ConclusionSÉCuRE was developed to assist with clinical judgment regarding home safety interventions. It is hoped that its use may ultimately foster home safety in the context of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ginette Aubin
- Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Nadine Larivière
- Professor, School of Readaptation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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27
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Richter D, Hoffmann H. Independent housing and support for people with severe mental illness: systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017. [PMID: 28620944 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically explore the outcomes of Independent Housing and Support (IHS) for people with severe mental disorders when compared to other residential settings. METHOD Systematic review of Randomised and Non-Randomised Controlled Trials of publications that analyse the outcomes of living in independent settings versus institutionalised accommodation. Risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration's ACROBAT-Tool. The analysis was conducted separately for publications with homeless and non-homeless people. RESULTS Twenty-four publications from studies with homeless people and eight publications from studies with non-homeless people were included. Risk of bias was much lower in studies with the homeless. No RCT was found in the sample of publications with the non-homeless. Overall, results from Independent Housing and Support-settings are not inferior to results from institutionalised settings. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Independent Housing and Support-settings provide at least similar outcomes than residential care. We propose that clients' preferences should determine the choice of housing setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Richter
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, University Bern Psychiatric Services, Bern, Switzerland.,Health Division, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Hoffmann
- Centre for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, University Bern Psychiatric Services, Bern, Switzerland.,Soteria Clinic, Bern, Switzerland
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