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Ervasti J, Pentti J, Aalto V, Kauppi M, Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Association of school neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and teaching staff's risk of violence at work. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241252232. [PMID: 38855845 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241252232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and teaching staff's risk of workplace violence and whether workplace psychosocial resources can act as effect modifiers. METHODS Primary school teaching staff in the six largest cities in Finland responded to a survey in 2018 and were linked to information on school neighbourhood disadvantage obtained from the national grid database (n = 3984). RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, staff working in schools located in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had a 1.2-fold (95% confidence interval 1.07-1.35) risk of encountering violence or threat of violence compared with staff working in the most advantaged neighbourhoods. The association was less marked in schools with strong support from colleagues (risk ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.98-1.32 for high support versus 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.43 for low/intermediate support), a strong culture of collaboration (1.08, 95% CI 0.93-1.26 versus 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.53), high leadership quality (1.12, 95% CI 0.96-1.31 versus 1.29, 95% CI 1.08-1.54), and high organizational justice (1.09, 95% CI 0.91-1.32 versus 1.29, 95% CI 1.09-1.52). CONCLUSIONS The association between school neighbourhood and teaching staff's risk of violence was weaker in schools with high workplace psychosocial resources, suggesting that targeting these factors might help in minimizing violence at schools, but future intervention studies are needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Kauppi
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health of Older People, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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2
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Goudarzian AH, Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Sharif-Nia H, Farhadi B, Navab E. Exploring the concept and management strategies of caring stress among clinical nurses: a scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1337938. [PMID: 38863606 PMCID: PMC11165118 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1337938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The concept of caring stress and its specific management has received less attention than other dimensions of stress in nurses. Therefore, to clarify the concept of caring stress, a scoping review study was designed. This scoping review aimed to investigate the concept of caring stress among clinical nurses and examine the strategies used for its management. Methods This review employed a scoping review methodology to comprehensively map the essential concepts and attributes of the phenomenon by drawing on a wide range of sources. International databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID) were searched to gather relevant studies published until October 1, 2023. MESH terms included "caring stress", "care", "stress", "nurse", and "stress management" were used. Two reviewers independently collected data from full-text papers, ensuring that each paper underwent assessment by at least two reviewers. Results Out of 104,094 articles initially searched, 22 articles were included in this study. High workloads, transmitting the infection, stressful thoughts, stressful emotions, and stressful communications were the significant concepts and factors of caring stress among nurses. Also, rest breaks during patient care shifts, playing music in the ward, and denial of critical situations were examples of positive and negative coping and management ways to reduce caring stress. Conclusion Effective stress management strategies can lead to better patient care and safety. Stressed nurses are more likely to make errors or become less vigilant in their duties, impacting patient outcomes. By addressing caring stress, clinical practice can prioritize patient well-being. Further research is required to delve deeper into this critical issue concerning nurses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Goudarzian
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of nursing and midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Nikbakht Nasrabadi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing and Basic Sciences, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif-Nia
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahar Farhadi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Navab
- Department of Critical Care and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Kida R, Suzuki R, Fujitani K, Ichikawa K, Matsushita H. Interprofessional Team Collaboration as a Mediator Between Workplace Social Capital and Patient Safety Climate: A Cross-Sectional Study. Qual Manag Health Care 2024; 33:12-17. [PMID: 37651580 DOI: 10.1097/qmh.0000000000000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patient-safety climate is one of the most important organizational factors contributing to health care quality. We hypothesized that a patient safety climate is fostered by the willingness to collaborate and trust among members as well as by daily collaborative practices. This study aimed to clarify the effect of workplace social capital on patient safety climate. We also sought to investigate the mediating effect of interprofessional team collaboration on the relationship between workplace social capital and patient safety climate. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 using anonymous web-based questionnaires. The survey was distributed to 1495 employees working in a hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The questionnaire included the patient safety climate scale, workplace social capital scale, Japanese version of the Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale-II (AITCS-II-J), and demographic items. Structural equation modeling was performed to verify the associations among the 3 variables. In addition, a significance test for indirect effects was conducted using the bootstrap method to confirm the mediating effect of AITCS-II-J. RESULTS A total of 725 employees participated in this survey, and 632 data items were analyzed. Nurses were the highest number of respondents (68.2%), followed by physicians (13.3%). Workplace social capital and patient safety were directly and significantly associated (β = .309, P < .01). Furthermore, the partially indirect effect of the AITCS-II-J on the association between workplace social capital and patient safety climate was also significant (β = .430, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Workplace social capital was significantly and directly related to patient safety climate and was also significantly related to patient safety climate partially mediated by interprofessional team collaboration. Our findings suggest the importance of workplace social capital and routine multidisciplinary collaboration for a patient safety climate to manage health care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kida
- Department of Nursing Administration, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Kida); Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Fujimino-shi, Saitama, Japan (Drs Suzuki and Fujitani); and Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan (Drs Ichikawa and Matsushita)
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Alsalmi M, Alilyyani B. The role of authentic leadership in nurses' stress and burnout in emergency departments. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2023; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 37606378 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-01-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nurses are one the essential health-care providers within society, seeking the employment of authentic leadership approaches to reduce the burnout and stressors established within the emergency departments. Burnout has been vitally documented as a psychological impulse that emerges due to the prevalence of chronic job stressors. Authentic leadership approaches will act as an affirmative organizational resource that could help to minimize burnout in the work environments. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the role of authentic leadership in stress and burnout among nurses in emergency departments. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study used a quantitative, cross-sectional design. A package of surveys was distributed to nurses working in emergency departments using standardized questionnaires that measured the study variables. A total of 188 nurses participated in the study. SPSS was used to analyze data. FINDINGS The study's results supported the hypotheses and found that authentic leadership significantly and negatively influenced nurses' job stress R = -0.169, p = 0.0205. Also, the results of this study found that the relationship between authentic leadership and burnout was significant and negative R = -0.245, F (1,186) = 11.8, p = 0.0007. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Nurse leaders can introduce flexible working hours and develop coordination and cooperation among nurses, and management of the hospitals needs to focus on improving the structure and enhancing nurses' outcomes that could affect patients' and organizations' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael Alsalmi
- King Faisal Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Alilyyani
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Flannery RB, Flannery GJ. Characteristics of International Staff Victims of Psychiatric Patient Assaults: Review of Published Findings, 2017-2022. Psychiatr Q 2023; 94:79-88. [PMID: 36705881 PMCID: PMC9880918 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-022-10008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric patient assaults on staff are a worldwide occupational hazard for health care staff that results in medical injury, human suffering, and dollar cost expense. International research through 2000-2017 documented the continued frequency of these assaults and a continuing high risk for nursing personnel. This present paper reviewed the international published literature on staff victims of patient assaults during the next five-year period of 2017-2022. There were 39,034 assaults on 34,679 employee victims. The findings indicate that assaults on staff remain a serious worldwide issue as it has been since the 1990s and that nursing personnel continued to be at greater risk. Aggression management approaches, post-incident interventions, and an updated methodological inquiry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond B Flannery
- University of MA Chan School of Medicine, 7 Westchester Road, 02458, Newton, MA, USA.
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Jang SJ, Son YJ, Lee H. Prevalence, associated factors and adverse outcomes of workplace violence towards nurses in psychiatric settings: A systematic review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:450-468. [PMID: 34773361 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence towards psychiatric nurses by psychiatric patients is common, which can potentially affect care quality as well as nurses' health. This study aimed to synthesize the literature on workplace violence towards psychiatric nurses and identify the prevalence and factors influencing workplace violence and related outcomes. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO were searched for English articles on workplace violence against psychiatric nurses published from January 2011 to December 2020. Sixteen articles were selected for the systematic review. This was followed by quality assessment and data extraction. The workplace violence prevalence ranged 11.4-97.6%. Diagnosis of the patient; nurse-related factors such as age, sex, marital status, education, emotional intelligence level and personality; and work shift were associated with the occurrence of workplace violence. Psychiatric nurses who experienced workplace violence had primarily poor mental health such as depressive symptoms and negative work-related outcomes such as turnover intention. The results revealed that there were relatively few patient-related factors associated with workplace violence and few reports on workplace violence-related to nurses' physical health, suggesting the need for a multi-dimensional approach. Future studies are needed to develop standardized instruments for workplace violence investigation considering inpatients psychiatric settings. Effective workplace violence prevention strategies should consider comprehensive patient-, nurse- and occupation-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Son
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Tyler V, Aggar C, Grace S, Doran F. Nurses and midwives reporting of workplace violence and aggression: an integrative review. Contemp Nurse 2022; 58:113-124. [PMID: 35535431 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2022.2070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: The experience of workplace violence and aggression is a common occurrence among the nursing and midwifery workforce, however, it is largely under-reported. Reasons for underreporting are not well understood.Aim: To review factors that influence nurses' and midwives' reporting of workplace violence and aggression from patients and visitors in hospital inpatient settings.Method: In this integrative review papers were identified through a search of electronic databases Embase, Emcare, PsychInfo, Medline, and CINAHL for literature between 2009 and 2020.Findings: Five papers met the inclusion criteria. Three themes were identified which influence reporting: organisational culture; accepting violence as part of the job; and type of violence.Discussion: Workplace policies supported by management and education programmes are required to improve the reporting of workplace violence and aggression by nurses and midwives.Conclusion: Workplace violence and aggression is under-reported by nurses and midwives in hospital inpatient settings. Reporting systems are not valued and nurses have come to accept workplace violence and aggression. Further research is required to explore strategies to improve workplace violence and aggression reporting culture and assess current education programmes using validated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tyler
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Christina Aggar
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Sandra Grace
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Frances Doran
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
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Schlup N, Gehri B, Simon M. Prevalence and severity of verbal, physical, and sexual inpatient violence against nurses in Swiss psychiatric hospitals and associated nurse-related characteristics: Cross-sectional multicentre study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:1550-1563. [PMID: 34196092 PMCID: PMC8596810 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This analysis (1) describes the prevalence and severity of psychiatric inpatient violence against nurses in Switzerland's German-speaking region and (2) investigates the associations between nurse-related characteristics (socio-demographics; previous exposure to severe forms of psychiatric inpatient violence; attitude towards psychiatric inpatient violence) and nurses' exposure to various types of psychiatric inpatient violence. We used cross-sectional survey data from the MatchRN Psychiatry study sample of 1128 nurses working on 115 units across 13 psychiatric hospitals. In addition to lifetime severe assaults, nurses' exposure to violence against property, verbal violence, verbal sexual violence, physical violence, and physical sexual violence was assessed for the 30 days prior to the survey. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were calculated for each class of violence as also for items under study. With generalized linear mixed models, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Of nurse respondents, 73% reported facing verbal violence, 63% violence against property, 40% verbal sexual violence, 28% physical violence, and 14% physical sexual violence. Almost 30% had been subjected to a serious assault in their professional lifetimes. All nurse characteristics were associated with psychiatric inpatient violence against nurses, especially a history of sexual assault (OR 4.53, 95%-CI 2.19-9.34; P = 0.00) and ≤3 years' professional experience (OR 3.70, 95%-CI 1.95-7.02; P = 0.00). Prevalence data suggest that widely used strategies such as aggression management courses or alarm devices cannot fully reduce patient violence against nurses in psychiatry. This situation demands proactive strategies in safety and violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanja Schlup
- Solothurn Hospital Group, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Gehri
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Simon
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Nursing Research Unit, Department of Nursing, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Sun X, Qiao M, Deng J, Zhang J, Pan J, Zhang X, Liu D. Mediating Effect of Work Stress on the Associations Between Psychological Job Demands, Social Approval, and Workplace Violence Among Health Care Workers in Sichuan Province of China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:743626. [PMID: 34778178 PMCID: PMC8578796 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.743626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence against health care workers, to explore the combined association of work stress, psychological job demands, and social approval with workplace violence and their respective mechanisms among health care workers. Methods: Using data from the Chinese Sixth National Health Service Survey (NHSS) in 2018 conducted among 1,371 health care workers in Sichuan province of China. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on health care workers' socio-demographic and work-related characteristics, work stress, psychological job demands, social approval, and workplace violence. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results: The results showed that a total of 77.0% health care workers were exposed to workplace violence. Work stress was directly related to workplace violence (β = 2.167, 95%CI: 1.707, 2.627), while psychological job demands and social approval had indirect associations with workplace violence via work stress [β = 0.427, 95%CI: 0.297, 0.557; β = -0.787, 95%CI: (-0.941)-(-0.633)]. Both psychological job demands (β = 0.197, 95%CI: 0.139, 0.255) and social approval [β = -0.346, 95%CI: (-0.399)-(-0.294)] had direct associations with work stress, while social approval had direct association with psychological job demands [β = -0.085, 95%CI: (-0.136)-(-0.034)]. Psychological job demands mediated the relationship between social approval and work stress. Conclusion: Overall, decreasing workplace violence among health care workers requires to promote interventions to reduce work stress and psychological job demands by improving social approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Sun
- Department of Infection Control, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mutian Qiao
- Department of Health-Related Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Infection Control, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, China
| | - Juying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Centre of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Health Information Centre of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Danping Liu
- Department of Health-Related Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Välimäki M, Hipp K, Chen J, Huang X, Guo J, Wong MS. Sensor technology to monitor health, well-being and movement among healthcare personnel at workplace: a systematic scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054408. [PMID: 34764179 PMCID: PMC8587619 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The well-being and health of healthcare personnel is becoming increasingly important in the delivery of high-quality healthcare. The recent developments in technology have provided new opportunities for the objective detection of a wide variety of real-world properties and movement. However, technologies that are used to monitor health, well-being and movement among healthcare personnel have not been fully synthesised. The overall aim of this scoping review is to examine what type of sensor technology is available to monitor the health, well-being and movement of healthcare personnel in healthcare settings. More specifically, we want to explore what types of sensor technology applications, for what purposes and how they have been used to monitor health, well-being and movement among healthcare personnel in different workplace settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review protocol will follow Arksey and O'Malley's methodology, complemented by the approach of the Joanna Briggs Institute to scoping reviews and guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed literature will be identified using a search strategy developed by a librarian, and a wide range of electronic datasets of medical, computer and information systems disciplines will be used. Eligibility of the articles will be determined using a two-stage screening process consisting of (1) a title and abstract scan, and (2) a full-text review. Extracted data will be thematically analysed and validated by an expert of sensor technology and a group of nurses as stakeholders. Descriptive statistics will be calculated when necessary. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results obtained from the review will inform what technology has been used, how it has been used in healthcare settings and what types of technology might still be needed for future innovations. Findings of the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. REGISTRATION This review was submitted in Open Science Framework on 12 December 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Välimäki
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Xiangya Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice & Healthcare Innovation, A JBI Affiliated Group, Changsha, China
| | - Kirsi Hipp
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice & Healthcare Innovation, A JBI Affiliated Group, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice & Healthcare Innovation, A JBI Affiliated Group, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice & Healthcare Innovation, A JBI Affiliated Group, Changsha, China
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Weltens I, Bak M, Verhagen S, Vandenberk E, Domen P, van Amelsvoort T, Drukker M. Aggression on the psychiatric ward: Prevalence and risk factors. A systematic review of the literature. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258346. [PMID: 34624057 PMCID: PMC8500453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On psychiatric wards, aggressive behaviour displayed by patients is common and problematic. Understanding factors associated with the development of aggression offers possibilities for prevention and targeted interventions. This review discusses factors that contribute to the development of aggression on psychiatric wards. METHOD In Pubmed and Embase, a search was performed aimed at: prevalence data, ward characteristics, patient and staff factors that are associated with aggressive behaviour and from this search 146 studies were included. RESULTS The prevalence of aggressive behaviour on psychiatric wards varied (8-76%). Explanatory factors of aggressive behaviour were subdivided into patient, staff and ward factors. Patient risk factors were diagnosis of psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder, substance abuse, a history of aggression, younger age. Staff risk factors included male gender, unqualified or temporary staff, job strain, dissatisfaction with the job or management, burn-out and quality of the interaction between patients and staff. Staff protective factors were a good functioning team, good leadership and being involved in treatment decisions. Significant ward risk factors were a higher bed occupancy, busy places on the ward, walking rounds, an unsafe environment, a restrictive environment, lack of structure in the day, smoking and lack of privacy. CONCLUSION Despite a lack of prospective quantitative data, results did show that aggression arises from a combination of patient factors, staff factors and ward factors. Patient factors were studied most often, however, besides treatment, offering the least possibilities in prevention of aggression development. Future studies should focus more on the earlier stages of aggression such as agitation and on factors that are better suited for preventing aggression such as ward and staff factors. Management and clinicians could adapt staffing and ward in line with these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Weltens
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bak
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Mondriaan Mental Health Institute, Maastricht / Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Verhagen
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Mondriaan Mental Health Institute, Maastricht / Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Vandenberk
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Domen
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Mondriaan Mental Health Institute, Maastricht / Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Mondriaan Mental Health Institute, Maastricht / Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bell D, Hallett N. Role of occupational therapy in reducing and managing violence among mental health inpatients: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046260. [PMID: 34321294 PMCID: PMC8319987 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence is pervasive among psychiatric inpatients and has profound consequences for its victims, its perpetrators and mental health services. Currently, the unique contribution of occupational therapists to reducing and managing violence among this patient group has not been systematically explored. However, an a priori model which provides an initial understanding of its role in this respect can be identified from the wider scholarly literature. This scoping review aims to apply and refine this model, thereby producing an amended version that will form the basis for further research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review is based upon guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien's scoping review framework, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review checklist. Electronic databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, PsycINFO, Medline, PsycARTICLES, ProQuest Health and Medicine, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and Google Scholar) and grey literature will be searched to identify relevant papers. Included articles will apply occupational therapy theory or occupational science to the reduction or management of violence among psychiatric inpatients and will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Study characteristics will be presented using frequency counts, and qualitative data will be analysed using 'best-fit' framework synthesis and secondary thematic analysis to produce an overall model of occupational therapy's contribution to violence management and reduction. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed academic journal and via professional conferences. The review will collect secondary data and therefore will not require ethical approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bell
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Occupational Therapy Department, St Andrew's Healthcare, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nutmeg Hallett
- School of Nursing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Masa'Deh R, Masadeh O, Jarrah S, AlAzzam M, Alhalaiqa F. Effect of Aggression Management Training on Perceived Stress Levels of Nurses Working in Mental Health Care Settings in Jordan. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:32-38. [PMID: 32845337 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20200817-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of an aggression management training course on reducing perceived stress levels of nurses working in mental health care settings in Jordan. This quasi-experimental pre/post study included 83 nurses (44 male, 39 female; mean age = 33 years) who completed a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire and the Arabic Version of the Perceived Stress Scale 10-Items Questionnaire. Participants attended 32 hours of an aggression management training course and then answered the questionnaires for a second time. Female nurses reported significantly higher stress levels than male nurses before and after the training course. Paired-samples t test showed a significant decrease in the mean total score of perceived stress of all nurses after attending the training course. The results of this study highlight the need to design and implement aggression management courses, as such training can improve nurses' mental health and perceived stress levels. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(10), 32-38.].
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Norikoshi K, Kobayashi T, Tabuchi K, Oriyama S. Development of a relational workplace social capital scale for Japanese nurses. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:40. [PMID: 32787774 PMCID: PMC7424667 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nurses' workplace social capital for a healthy work environment has received considerable attention, few scales about nurses' workplace social capital are based on the attributes of clinical settings in Japan. This study aims to develop a Relational Workplace Social Capital Scale for Japanese Nurses (RWSCS-JN), which includes bonding, linking, and bridging social capital and assessing its reliability and validity. METHODS We assessed its reliability and validity using questionnaire survey data collected from 309 nurses in the first survey and 105 nurses in the second survey in four hospitals in Japan. First, we determined the number of factors and items for the RWSCS-JN through the parallel and factor analyses after conducting the item analysis. Then, we confirmed the omega coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the RWSCS-JN. Finally, we examined the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the RWSCS-JN score and other variables, including an existing measurement of workplace social capital, work engagement, and turnover intention. RESULTS The newly developed RWSCS-JN contained 15 items, comprising three factors as follows: bonding social capital, linking social capital, and bridging social capital. The omega coefficient and the ICC of the RWSCS-JN were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the RWSCS-JN and the existing scale of the workplace social capital was 0.88 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between the RWSCS-JN and work engagement was 0.36 (p < 0.01) and that of the RWSCS-JN and turnover intention was - 0.40 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the RWSCS-JN could be sufficiently useful for a healthy work environment in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Norikoshi
- Faculty of Nursing, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan. .,Doctoral Program in Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kobayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ishii Memorial Hospital, 3-102-1, Tada, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, 741-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Research and Education Faculty, Medical Sciences Cluster, Nursing Science Unit, Kochi University, Okocyokohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Sanae Oriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Varpula J, Välimäki M, Lantta T, Berg J, Lahti M. Nurses' perceptions of risks for occupational hazards in patient seclusion and restraint practices in psychiatric inpatient care: A focus group study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:703-715. [PMID: 32086881 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seclusion and restraint are regularly used to manage patient aggression events in psychiatric inpatient care, despite occupational safety concerns. There is currently a lack of information on how nurses perceive the use of patient seclusion and restraint as a risk for occupational safety. The aim of this study is to describe the risks for occupational hazards in patient seclusion and mechanical restraint practices as well as ideas for improvement identified by nurses. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, using focus groups comprising nurses (N = 32) working in psychiatric inpatient care. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis, and the results were reported using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ). Four themes of risk for occupational hazards were identified: patient-induced, staff-induced, organization-induced, and environment-induced risks. One significant finding was that nurses described that their actions can strongly contribute to occupational hazards during seclusion and mechanical restraint practices. The nurses gave various ideas for how occupational safety could be improved during seclusion and mechanical restraint events, ideas involving staff, the organization, and environmental enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Varpula
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maritta Välimäki
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Tella Lantta
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Berg
- Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland
| | - Mari Lahti
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland
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