1
|
Raza A, Singh A, Amin S, Spallholz JE, Sharma AK. Identification and biotin receptor-mediated activity of a novel seleno-biotin compound that inhibits viability of and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nagy Morsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Merolle L, Sponder G, Sargenti A, Mastrototaro L, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Procopio A, Malucelli E, Parisse P, Gianoncelli A, Aschenbach JR, Kolisek M, Iotti S. Overexpression of the mitochondrial Mg channel MRS2 increases total cellular Mg concentration and influences sensitivity to apoptosis. Metallomics 2019; 10:917-928. [PMID: 29952392 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of the mitochondrial Mg channel MRS2 and its involvement in cell viability remain unclear. Deletion of MRS2 has been reported to abolish Mg influx into mitochondria, to induce functional defects in mitochondrial organelles, and to result in cell death. We evaluated whether MRS2 expression had an impact on total Mg cellular content by inducing the overexpression of MRS2 in HEK-293 cells. We observed a remarkable increase of total intracellular Mg concentration in cells overexpressing MRS2 compared with control cells. In order to investigate whether and in what manner the detected Mg increment was involved in the MRS2 influence on cell viability, we treated MRS2-overexpressing cells with two known apoptotic inducers. We found that cells overexpressing the MRS2 channel became less responsive to these pharmacological insults. Our experimental evidence indicates that the MRS2 channel controls overall intracellular Mg levels, the alteration of which might have a role in the molecular signaling leading to apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Merolle
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Health Beneficial Properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as Potential Functional Food. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020076. [PMID: 30795643 PMCID: PMC6406238 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, native to southern and southeastern Asia. It has been used in traditional Vietnamese, Chinese, and Malaysian medicine for a long time for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, gynecopathy, stomachache, and wound healing. Moreover, R. tomentosa is used to make various food products such as wine, tea, and jam. Notably, R. tomentosa has been known to contain structurally diverse and biologically active metabolites, thus serving as a potential resource for exploring novel functional agents. Up to now, numerous phenolic and terpenoid compounds from the leaves, root, or fruits of R. tomentosa have been identified, and their biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer have been evidenced. In this contribution, an overview of R. tomentosa and its health beneficial properties was focused on and emphasized.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhaumik I, Pal K, Debnath U, Karmakar P, Jana K, Misra AK. Natural product inspired allicin analogs as novel anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:259-272. [PMID: 30731359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel analogs of Allicin (S-allyl prop-2-ene-1-sulfinothioate) present in garlic has been synthesized in high yield. Synthesized 23 compounds were evaluated against different breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7) and non-cancer cells (WI38). Four compounds (3f, 3h, 3m and 3u) showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells whereas nontoxic to the normal cells. Based on the LD50 values and selectivity index (SI), compound 3h (S-p-methoxybenzyl (p-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfinothioate) was considered as most promising anticancer agent amongst the above three compounds. Further bio-chemical studies confirmed that compound 3h promotes ROS generation, changes in mitochondrial permeability transition and induced caspase mediated DNA damage and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Bhaumik
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Utsab Debnath
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng GZ, Wang Z, Zhao LM, Fan JT, Tan NH. NF-κB and JNK mediated apoptosis and G 0/G 1 arrest of HeLa cells induced by rubiarbonol G, an arborinane-type triterpenoid from Rubia yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:220-227. [PMID: 29097252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rubia yunnanensis is a medicinal plant mainly grown in Yunnan province in Southwest China, and its root named "Xiaohongshen" has been used as a herb in Yunnan for the treatment of cancers. Three major types of chemical components, Rubiaceae-type cyclopeptides, quinones, and triterpenoids, were identified from R. yunnanensis, in which some of compounds including rubiarbonol G (RG), a unique arboriane-type triterpenoid, showed cytotoxicity on cancer cells. But the cytotoxic mechanism of RG has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the cytotoxic mechanism of RG on cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS RG was evaluated its cytotoxicity on 7 cancer cell lines by the SRB assay, and detected the effect on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay and DNA contents analysis. The expression and activity of apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins were also investigated by western blot and caspase activity assay. Furthermore, the effect of RG on NF-κB signaling was also tested by luciferase assay, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS RG showed potent cytotoxicity on 7 human cancer cell lines, whose activity was attributed to apoptosis induction and G0/G1 arrest in HeLa cells. Results from the mechanism study showed that RG promoted the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK pathway in MAPK family, which in turn increased the expression of p53, thereby triggering the G0/G1 arrest through p53/p21/cyclin D1 signaling. Moreover, RG-mediated JNK activation down-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, which caused the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and activated the cleavage of caspase cascade and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, thereby inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells. In addition, RG was also found to inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling by down-regulating the expression and attenuating the translocation to nucleus of NF-κB p65, by which the down-stream p53, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and caspases were regulated, thereby triggering apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest in HeLa cells. CONCLUSION These results indicated that RG induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by activation of JNK signaling as well as inactivation of NF-κB pathway in HeLa cells, which suggests that RG is one of the key active ingredients accounting for the anti-tumor effect of R. yunnanensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; YMU-HKBU Joint Laboratory of Traditional Natural Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Li-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Jun-Ting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Amsalem Z, Arif T, Zooravlov A, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Selective induction of cancer cell death by VDAC1-based peptides and their potential use in cancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1077-1103. [PMID: 29698587 PMCID: PMC6026870 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial VDAC1 mediates cross talk between the mitochondria and other parts of the cell by transporting anions, cations, ATP, Ca2+, and metabolites and serves as a key player in apoptosis. As such, VDAC1 is involved in two important hallmarks of cancer development, namely energy and metabolic reprograming and apoptotic cell death evasion. We previously developed cell‐penetrating VDAC1‐derived peptides that interact with hexokinase (HK), Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL to prevent the anti‐apoptotic activities of these proteins and induce cancer cell death, with a focus on leukemia and glioblastoma. In this study, we demonstrated the sensitivity of a panel of genetically characterized cancer cell lines, differing in origin and carried mutations, to VDAC1‐based peptide‐induced apoptosis. Noncancerous cell lines were less affected by the peptides. Furthermore, we constructed additional VDAC1‐based peptides with the aim of improving targeting, selectivity, and cellular stability, including R‐Tf‐D‐LP4, containing the transferrin receptor internalization sequence (Tf) that allows targeting of the peptide to cancer cells, known to overexpress the transferrin receptor. The mode of action of the VDAC1‐based peptides involves HK detachment, interfering with the action of anti‐apoptotic proteins, and thus activating multiple routes leading to an impairment of cell energy and metabolism homeostasis and the induction of apoptosis. Finally, in xenograft glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer mouse models, R‐Tf‐D‐LP4 inhibited tumor growth while inducing massive cancer cell death, including of cancer stem cells. Thus, VDAC1‐based peptides offer an innovative new conceptual framework for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zohar Amsalem
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Zooravlov
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Battogtokh G, Gotov O, Kang JH, Cho J, Jeong TH, Chimed G, Ko YT. Triphenylphosphine-docetaxel conjugate-incorporated albumin nanoparticles for cancer treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:325-338. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to develop a mitochondria-targeted anticancer drug, docetaxel (DTX), for chemotherapy. Materials & methods: The DTX was conjugated to 4-carboxybutyl triphenylphosphonium (TPP) to enhance mitochondrial targeting, and the TPP–DTX conjugate was further loaded into folate-cholesteryl albumin (FA-chol-BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve its biocompatibility. Results & conclusion: In vitro studies showed that TPP–DTX and its NP primarily accumulated in the mitochondria; generated high reactive oxygen species, leading to mitochondrial disruption and cell apoptosis; and had a higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells. In vivo antitumor studies indicated that the NP significantly suppressed tumor growth compared with free drugs in xenograft tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrated that TPP–DTX@FA-chol-BSA NPs could be a promising mitochondria-targeted anticancer prodrug for chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gantumur Battogtokh
- College of Pharmacy & Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gachon University, Incheon 406–799, South Korea
| | - Oyuntuya Gotov
- College of Pharmacy & Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gachon University, Incheon 406–799, South Korea
| | - Jee He Kang
- College of Pharmacy & Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gachon University, Incheon 406–799, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Cho
- College of Pharmacy & Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gachon University, Incheon 406–799, South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy & Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gachon University, Incheon 406–799, South Korea
| | | | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy & Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Gachon University, Incheon 406–799, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mallick S, Thuy LT, Lee S, Park JII, Choi JS. Liposomes containing cholesterol and mitochondria-penetrating peptide (MPP) for targeted delivery of antimycin A to A549 cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:356-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Shoshan-Barmatz V, Maldonado EN, Krelin Y. VDAC1 at the crossroads of cell metabolism, apoptosis and cell stress. Cell Stress 2017; 1:11-36. [PMID: 30542671 PMCID: PMC6287957 DOI: 10.15698/cst2017.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge related to VDAC1 as a multi-functional mitochondrial protein acting on both sides of the coin, regulating cell life and death, and highlighting these functions in relation to disease. It is now recognized that VDAC1 plays a crucial role in regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria. The location of VDAC1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) allows the control of metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell and also enables interaction of VDAC1 with proteins involved in metabolic and survival pathways. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also involved in the process of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by mediating the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. VDAC1 functions in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space via oligomerization to form a large channel that allows passage of cytochrome c and AIF and their release to the cytosol, subsequently resulting in apoptotic cell death. VDAC1 also regulates apoptosis via interactions with apoptosis regulatory proteins, such as hexokinase, Bcl2 and Bcl-xL, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers. This review also provides insight into VDAC1 function in Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and presents VDAC1 as a hub protein interacting with over 100 proteins. Such interactions enable VDAC1 to mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with cellular activities. VDAC1 can thus be considered as standing at the crossroads between mitochondrial metabolite transport and apoptosis and hence represents an emerging cancer drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. USA
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hajjar D, Kremb S, Sioud S, Emwas AH, Voolstra CR, Ravasi T. Anti-cancer agents in Saudi Arabian herbals revealed by automated high-content imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177316. [PMID: 28609451 PMCID: PMC5469452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used for medical applications since ancient times. Commonly, natural products are structurally complex chemical compounds that efficiently interact with their biological targets, making them useful drug candidates in cancer therapy. Here, we used cell-based phenotypic profiling and image-based high-content screening to study the mode of action and potential cellular targets of plants historically used in Saudi Arabia’s traditional medicine. We compared the cytological profiles of fractions taken from Juniperus phoenicea (Arar), Anastatica hierochuntica (Kaff Maryam), and Citrullus colocynthis (Hanzal) with a set of reference compounds with established modes of action. Cluster analyses of the cytological profiles of the tested compounds suggested that these plants contain possible topoisomerase inhibitors that could be effective in cancer treatment. Using histone H2AX phosphorylation as a marker for DNA damage, we discovered that some of the compounds induced double-strand DNA breaks. Furthermore, chemical analysis of the active fraction isolated from Juniperus phoenicea revealed possible anti-cancer compounds. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of cell-based phenotypic screening of natural products to reveal their biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Hajjar
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephan Kremb
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Sioud
- Analytical Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- NMR Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian R. Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (TR); (CRV)
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (TR); (CRV)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nordin N, Majid NA, Mohan S, Dehghan F, Karimian H, Rahman MA, Ali HM, Hashim NM. Cleistopholine isolated from Enicosanthellum pulchrum exhibits apoptogenic properties in human ovarian cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:406-416. [PMID: 27002411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleistopholine is a natural alkaloid present in plants with numerous biological activities. However, cleistopholine has yet to be isolated using modern techniques and the mechanism by which this alkaloid induces apoptosis in cancer cells remains to be elucidated. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study aims to isolate cleistopholine from the roots of Enicosanthellum pulchrum by using preparative-HPLC technique and explore the mechanism by which this alkaloid induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer (CAOV-3) cells in vitro from 24 to 72 h. This compound may be developed as an anticancer agent that induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed via the cell viability assay and changes in cell morphology were observed via the acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) assay. The involvement of apoptotic pathways was evaluated through caspase analysis and multiple cytotoxicity assays. Meanwhile, early and late apoptotic events via the Annexin V-FITC and DNA laddering assays, respectively. The mechanism of apoptosis was explored at the molecular level by evaluating the expression of specific genes and proteins. In addition, the proliferation of CAOV-3-cells treated with cleistopholine was analysed using the cell cycle arrest assay. RESULTS The IC50 of cleistopholine (61.4 µM) was comparable with that of the positive control cisplatin (62.8 µM) at 24 h of treatment. Apoptos is was evidenced by cell membrane blebbing, chromatin compression and formation of apoptotic bodies. The initial phase of apoptosis was detected at 24 h by the increase in Annexin V-FITC binding to cell membranes. A DNA ladder was formed at 48 h, indicating DNA fragmentation in the final phase of apoptosis. The mitochondria participated in the process by stimulating the intrinsic pathway via caspase 9 with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and an increase in cytochrome c release. Cell death was further validated through the mRNA and protein overexpression of Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 in the treated cells compared with the untreated cells. In contrast, Bcl-2, Hsp70 and survivin decreased in expression upon cleistopholine treatment. Cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase and cell population percentage significantly increased to 43.5%, 45.4% and 54.3% in time-dependent manner in the cleistopholine-treated CAOV-3 cells compared with the untreated cells at 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. CONCLUSION The current study indicated that cleistopholine can be a potential candidate as a new drug to treat ovarian cancer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noraziah Nordin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firouzeh Dehghan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mashitoh Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park JH, Vithayathil S, Kumar S, Sung PL, Dobrolecki LE, Putluri V, Bhat VB, Bhowmik SK, Gupta V, Arora K, Wu D, Tsouko E, Zhang Y, Maity S, Donti TR, Graham BH, Frigo DE, Coarfa C, Yotnda P, Putluri N, Sreekumar A, Lewis MT, Creighton CJ, Wong LJC, Kaipparettu BA. Fatty Acid Oxidation-Driven Src Links Mitochondrial Energy Reprogramming and Oncogenic Properties in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2154-2165. [PMID: 26923594 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmitochondrial cybrids and multiple OMICs approaches were used to understand mitochondrial reprogramming and mitochondria-regulated cancer pathways in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Analysis of cybrids and established breast cancer (BC) cell lines showed that metastatic TNBC maintains high levels of ATP through fatty acid β oxidation (FAO) and activates Src oncoprotein through autophosphorylation at Y419. Manipulation of FAO including the knocking down of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1) and 2 (CPT2), the rate-limiting proteins of FAO, and analysis of patient-derived xenograft models confirmed the role of mitochondrial FAO in Src activation and metastasis. Analysis of TCGA and other independent BC clinical data further reaffirmed the role of mitochondrial FAO and CPT genes in Src regulation and their significance in BC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sajna Vithayathil
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pi-Lin Sung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Salil Kumar Bhowmik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kavisha Arora
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danli Wu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Efrosini Tsouko
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suman Maity
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Taraka R Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Genomic Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Yotnda
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lee-Jun C Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Benny Abraham Kaipparettu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu GY, Sun YZ, Zhou N, Du XM, Yang J, Guo SJ. 3,3'-OH curcumin causes apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:157-163. [PMID: 26894841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized a series of curcumin analogs and evaluated their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. The results exhibited that the hydroxyl group at 3,3'-position play an essential role in enhancing their anti-proliferation activity. More importantly, 3,3'-hydroxy curcumin (1b) caused apoptosis in HepG2 cells with the ROS generation, which may be mainly composed of hydroxyl radicals (HO) and H2O2. The more cytotoxic activity and ROS-generating ability of 1b may be due to the more stable in (RPMI)-1640 medium and more massive uptake than curcumin. Then the generation of ROS can disrupt the intracellular redox balance, induce lipid peroxidation, cause the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and ultimately lead to apoptosis. The results not only suggest that 3,3'-hydroxy curcumin (1b) may cause HepG2 cells apoptosis through ROS-mediated pathway, but also offer an important information for design of curcumin analog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
| | - Shang-Jing Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nath LR, Kumar SN, Das AA, Nambisan B, Shabna A, Mohandas C, Anto RJ. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant, 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-ethyl-trans-stilbene (DETS) Isolated from Bacillus cereus as a Potent Candidate against Malignant Melanoma. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:452. [PMID: 27148169 PMCID: PMC4830835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
3,5-dihydroxy Q1 -4-ethyl-trans-stilbene (DETS) is a natural stilbene, which was first identified as bioactive bacterial secondary metabolite isolated from Bacillus cereus associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode. The present study was intended to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activity of this compound in vitro. Antioxidant activity was investigated by assaying DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide radical-(O2..) scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and metal chelating activity, which proved that the compound is a powerful antioxidant. The metal chelating activity of DETS was higher than butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) and gallic acid, two well-known antioxidants. As the molecule exhibited strong antioxidant potential, it was further evaluated for cytotoxic activity toward five cancer cells of various origins. Since the compound has a strong structural similarity with resveratrol (trans- 3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), a well-studied chemopreventive polyphenolic antioxidant, its anticancer activity was compared with that of resveratrol. Among the five cancer cells studied, the compound showed maximum cytotoxicity toward the human melanoma cell line, [A375, IC50: 24.01 μM] followed by cervical [HeLa-46.17 μM], colon [SW480- 47.28 μM], liver [HepG2- 69.56 μM] and breast [MCF-7- 84.31 μM] cancer cells. A375 was much more sensitive to DETS compared to the non-melanoma cell line, A431, in which the IC50 of the compound was more than double (49.60 μM). In the present study, the anticancer activity of DETS against melanoma was confirmed by various apoptosis assays. We also observed that DETS, like resveratrol, down-regulates the expression status of major molecules contributing to melanoma progression, such as BRAF, β-catenin and Brn-2, all of which converge in MITF-M, the master regulator of melanoma signaling. The regulatory role of MITF-M in DETS-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells was confirmed by comparing the cytotoxicity of DETS in A375 cells (IC50-24.01 μM), with that in SK-MEL-2 (IC50-67.6 μM), another melanoma cells which highly over-express MITF-M. The compound arrests the cells at S-G2 transition state of the cell cycle, as resveratrol. Our results indicate that DETS is a powerful antioxidant, having anticancer efficacy comparable with that of resveratrol, and is a potential candidate to be explored by in vivo studies and in-depth mechanistic evaluation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antioxidant and anticancer properties of DETS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi R. Nath
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. N. Kumar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Arya A. Das
- Computational Modeling and Simulation Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Bala Nambisan
- Division of Crop Protection/Division of Crop Utilization, Central Tuber Crops Research InstituteThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - A. Shabna
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Chellapan Mohandas
- Division of Crop Protection/Division of Crop Utilization, Central Tuber Crops Research InstituteThiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Chellapan Mohandas, ; Ruby John Anto,
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Chellapan Mohandas, ; Ruby John Anto,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jameson VJA, Cochemé HM, Logan A, Hanton LR, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. Synthesis of triphenylphosphonium vitamin E derivatives as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Tetrahedron 2015; 71:8444-8453. [PMID: 26549895 PMCID: PMC4596152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants comprising a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation attached to the antioxidant chroman moiety of vitamin E by an alkyl linker have been prepared. The synthesis of a series of mitochondria-targeted vitamin E derivatives with a range of alkyl linkers gave compounds of different hydrophobicities. This work will enable the dependence of antioxidant defence on hydrophobicity to be determined in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J A Jameson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK ; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lyall R Hanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2J2 by tanshinone IIA induces apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Hwang GH, Ryu JM, Jeon YJ, Choi J, Han HJ, Lee YM, Lee S, Bae JS, Jung JW, Chang W, Kim LK, Jee JG, Lee MY. The role of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase in plumbagin-induced, reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:384-93. [PMID: 26341012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a secondary metabolite that was first identified in the Plumbago genus of plants. It is a naphthoquinone compound with anti-atherosclerosis, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, contraceptive, cardiotonic, immunosuppressive, and neuroprotective activities. However, the mechanisms of plumbagin's activities are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of plumbagin on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells as well as LLC lung cancer cells, SiHa cervical carcinoma cells. Plumbagin significantly decreased HepG2 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, treatment with plumbagin significantly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3/7 activity. Using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA)-a state-of-the-art cheminformatic technique-we identified two previously unknown cellular targets of plumbagin: thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione reductase (GR). This was then confirmed using protein- and cell-based assays. We found that plumbagin was directly reduced by TrxR, and that this reduction was inhibited by the TrxR inhibitor, sodium aurothiomalate (ATM). Plumbagin also decreased the activity of GR. Plumbagin, and the GR inhibitor sodium arsenite all increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and this increase was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in HepG2 cells. Plumbagin increased TrxR-1 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression and pretreatment with NAC significantly attenuated the plumbagin-induced increase of TrxR-1 and HO-1 expression in HepG2 cells, LLC cells and SiHa cells. Pretreatment with NAC significantly prevented the plumbagin-induced decrease in cell viability in these cell types. In conclusion, plumbagin exerted its anticancer effect by directly interacting with TrxR and GR, and thus increasing intracellular ROS levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geun Hye Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wha Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pan J, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Komas SM, Kalyanaraman B, Lubet RA, Wang Y, You M. Honokiol inhibits lung tumorigenesis through inhibition of mitochondrial function. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1149-59. [PMID: 25245764 PMCID: PMC6010030 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol is an important bioactive compound found in the bark of Magnolia tree. It is a nonadipogenic PPARγ agonist and capable of inhibiting the growth of a variety of tumor types both in vitro and in xenograft models. However, to fully appreciate the potential chemopreventive activity of honokiol, a less artificial model system is required. To that end, this study examined the chemopreventive efficacy of honokiol in an initiation model of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This model system uses the carcinogen N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU), which is applied topically, reliably triggering the development of SCC within 24 to 26 weeks. Administration of honokiol significantly reduced the percentage of bronchial that exhibit abnormal lung SCC histology from 24.4% bronchial in control to 11.0% bronchial in honokiol-treated group (P = 0.01) while protecting normal bronchial histology (present in 20.5% of bronchial in control group and 38.5% of bronchial in honokiol-treated group. P = 0.004). P63 staining at the SCC site confirmed the lung SCCs phenotype. In vitro studies revealed that honokiol inhibited lung SCC cells proliferation, arrested cells at the G1-S cell-cycle checkpoint, while also leading to increased apoptosis. Our study showed that interfering with mitochondrial respiration is a novel mechanism by which honokiol changed redox status in the mitochondria, triggered apoptosis, and finally leads to the inhibition of lung SCC. This novel mechanism of targeting mitochondrial suggests honokiol as a potential lung SCC chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Qi Zhang
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Qian Liu
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Steven M Komas
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ronald A Lubet
- Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yian Wang
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ming You
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anuf AR, Ramachandran R, Krishnasamy R, Gandhi PSS, Periyasamy S. Antiproliferative effects of Plumbago rosea and its purified constituent plumbagin on SK-MEL 28 melanoma cell lines. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:312-9. [PMID: 25276069 PMCID: PMC4166820 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.138280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbago rosea is used in traditional systems of medicine for the preparation of formulations used for treating inflammations, cough, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal disorders, and also in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of plumbagin, and the ethanolic root extract of P. rosea (ETPR) was evaluated on SK-MEL 28 melanoma cell lines and human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT and apoptotic assays were used for the evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. In addition, the effect of Plumbagin and ETPR in down regulation of BCL-2 expression is investigated using RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Both plumbagin and ETPR dose-dependently decreased the cell viability more potently in melanoma cell lines. P. rosea extract demonstrated significant synergy in inhibiting BCL-2 expression than plumbagin. Moreover plumbagin showed more toxicity in human lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Plumbagin has anti-cancer potential, but the side effects limits its use; yet plumbagin, in combination with other ingredients in Plumbago rosea extract, displays significant synergy leading to a stronger anticancer effect with significantly less toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ronaldo Anuf
- Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar,Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajaram Krishnasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P S Sudhakar Gandhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sureshkumar Periyasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shah BP, Pasquale N, De G, Tan T, Ma J, Lee KB. Core-shell nanoparticle-based peptide therapeutics and combined hyperthermia for enhanced cancer cell apoptosis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9379-87. [PMID: 25133971 PMCID: PMC4174096 DOI: 10.1021/nn503431x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting peptides have garnered immense interest as potential chemotherapeutics in recent years. However, there is a clear need to develop strategies to overcome the critical limitations of peptides, such as poor solubility and the lack of target specificity, which impede their clinical applications. To this end, we report magnetic core-shell nanoparticle (MCNP)-mediated delivery of a mitochondria-targeting pro-apoptotic amphipathic tail-anchoring peptide (ATAP) to malignant brain and metastatic breast cancer cells. Conjugation of ATAP to the MCNPs significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of ATAP, while the presence of targeting ligands afforded selective delivery to cancer cells. Induction of MCNP-mediated hyperthermia further potentiated the efficacy of ATAP. In summary, a combination of MCNP-mediated ATAP delivery and subsequent hyperthermia resulted in an enhanced effect on mitochondrial dysfunction, thus resulting in increased cancer cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birju P. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nicholas Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gejing De
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 induces mitochondrial hyperfusion and sensitizes human cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1901-12. [PMID: 25174275 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for cancer treatment, but some cancer cell types are resistant to TRAIL cytotoxicity. Therefore, overcoming this resistance is necessary for effective TRAIL therapy. Mitochondrial morphology is important for the maintenance of cell function and survival, and is regulated by the delicate balance between fission and fusion. However, the role of mitochondrial morphology dynamics in TRAIL-induced apoptosis is unknown. Here we show that mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), an inhibitor of dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1), modulates mitochondrial morphology and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. mdivi-1 treatment (≥12.5 µM) caused dose- and time‑dependent cell death in malignant melanoma, lung cancer and osteosarcoma cells, while sparing normal cells. mdivi-1 also sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This potentiation of apoptosis occurred through a caspase-depependent mechanism including the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Mdivi-1 potentiated mitochondrial oxidative stress, a major cause of mitochondrial and ER stresses, as evidenced by increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial mass, and cardiolipin oxidation. Live cell fluorescence imaging using MitoTracker Red CMXRos revealed that Mdivi-1 caused substantial mitochondrial hyperfusion. Moreover, silencing of Drp1 expression also caused mitochondrial hyperfusion and sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that cancer cells are more vulnerable than normal cells to a perturbation in mitochondrial morphology dynamics and that this higher susceptibility can be exploited to selectively kill cancer cells and sensitize to TRAIL.
Collapse
|
23
|
Disruption of mitochondrial complexes in cancer stem cells through nano-based drug delivery: a promising mitochondrial medicine. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:1075-9. [PMID: 23605456 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the fulcrum for regulating cellular metabolism as well as apoptosis. The multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs) liposome targeted against mitochondria can be formulated to disrupt mitochondrial integrity to attain programmed cell death of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and a steroid nucleus (cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring) are encapsulated within MLV liposome that targets specifically to the CD44 receptor of the CSCs. Entering cytosol, it would bind distinctively to the malate-aspartate shuttle through a specifically designed ligand. Liposome fuses with the mito-membrane after associating with shuttle, thereby releasing both the components. The steroid disrupts mito-membrane's integrity facilitating release of cytochrome c. Thus, GNPs enter into the mitosol and interact with the mitochondrial complexes to cease cellular respiration. Since the solid nano-based pharmaceutics has shown a lot of promises as a potent anticancer therapy, the role of MLV liposome can be proved to be a better weapon to terminate malignancy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Oxymatrine Extracted from Sophora flavescens Inhibited Cell Growth and Induced Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells In Vitro. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1439-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Suzuki-Karasaki Y, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Uchida M, Ochiai T. Depolarization Controls TRAIL-Sensitization and Tumor-Selective Killing of Cancer Cells: Crosstalk with ROS. Front Oncol 2014; 4:128. [PMID: 24910845 PMCID: PMC4038927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional genotoxic anti-cancer drugs target the proliferative advantage of tumor cells over normal cells. This kind of approach lacks the selectivity of treatment to cancer cells, because most of the targeted pathways are essential for the survival of normal cells. As a result, traditional cancer treatments are often limited by undesirable damage to normal cells (side-effects). Ideal anti-cancer drugs are expected to be highly effective against malignant tumor cells with minimal cytotoxicity toward normal cells. Such selective killing can be achieved by targeting pathways essential for the survival of cancer cells, but not normal cells. As cancer cells are characterized by their resistance to apoptosis, selective apoptosis induction is a promising approach for selective killing of cancer cells. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising tumor-selective anti-cancer drug. However, the congenital and acquired resistance of some cancer cell types, including malignant melanoma cells, currently impedes effective TRAIL therapy, and an innovative approach that can override TRAIL resistance is urgently required. Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage caused by disruption of the maintenance of the normal physiological concentrations of K(+) and Na(+) and intracellular ion homeostasis. The disrupted ion homeostasis leads to depolarization and apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that depolarization is an early and prerequisite event during TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, diverse natural products and synthetic chemicals capable of depolarizing the cell membrane exhibit tumor-selective killing and TRAIL-sensitizing effects. Here, we discuss the role of depolarization in selective killing of cancer cells in connection with the emerging concept that oxidative stress is a critical mediator of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunctions and serves as a tumor-selective target in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki
- Division of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan ; Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | - Mayumi Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Surugadai Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nishanth SK, Nambisan B, Dileep C. Three bioactive cyclic dipeptides from the Bacillus sp. N strain associated with entomopathogenic nematode. Peptides 2014; 53:59-69. [PMID: 24291459 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In continuation of our search for new bioactive secondary metabolites from Bacillus cereus associated with entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), three cyclic dipeptides (CDPs), cyclo(L-Leu-D-Arg) (1), cyclo(2-hydroxy-Pro-L-Leu) (2), and cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro) (3) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of B. cereus. The chemical structure of the compounds was identified by 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Cyclo(L-Leu-D-Arg) recorded best antifungal activity and the highest activity was recorded against Cryptococcus neoformans (1 μg/mL), which is better than the standard antifungal agent amphotericin B. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used for finding cell proliferation inhibition and cyclo(L-Leu-D-Arg) recorded significant activity against breast cancer cell line (MDAM-B231) (IC50 value: 25 μM) and the three cyclic dipeptides recorded no toxicity against normal human cell (fore skin (FS) normal fibroblast) up to 50 μM except cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro). Cyclo(L-Leu-D-Arg) induced significant morphological changes and DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis in MDAM-B231 cells by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and flow cytometry analysis. Out of three cyclic dipeptides tested only cyclo(2-hydroxy-Pro-L-Leu) recorded significant antioxidant activity. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of cyclo(2-hydroxy-Pro-L-Leu) is greater than BHA, the standard antioxidant agent. Cyclo(L-Leu-D-Arg) was isolated for the first time from a natural source with a d-arginine residue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the bioactivity of the isolated cyclic dipeptides is reported against medically important fungi and cancer cells. This study is a significant contribution to the knowledge of cyclo(L-Leu-D-Arg) from B. cereus as potential sources of new drugs in the pharmacological industry, especially as potent antifungal and anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Kumar Nishanth
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram 695017, India.
| | - Bala Nambisan
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram 695017, India
| | - C Dileep
- Department of Botany, SD College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bhanot A, Sharma R, Singh S, Noolvi MN, Singh S. In vitro anti cancer activity of ethanol extract fractions of Aerva lanata L. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:1612-1617. [PMID: 24511712 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1612.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To explore in vitro anticancer potential of Aerva lanata L. (flowering aerial part). The study was performed with 5 different human cell lines for the study of lung, leukaemia, prostate, colon and cervix cancer by using Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. There were three doses of 10, 30 and 100 microg mL(-1) of each Aerva lanata L. Chloroform fraction (ALCF) and Aerva lanata L. Ethyl Acetate Fraction (ALEAF) used in this study. ALCF showed significant % inhibitory effect for leukaemia, lung and colon cancer at maximum concentration of 100 microg mL(-1) as compared to standard drug mitomycin. On the other hand ALEAF showed the significant % inhibitory effect for lung and cervix cancer at maximum concentration of 100 microg mL(-1) as compared to standard drug 5-fluoro Uracil (5-FU). From the above studies it is concluded that, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction of Aerva lanata L. provide enough experimental evidence for anticancer activity and these fractions could be useful in medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhanot
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab-140 111, India
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab-140 111, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab-140 111, India
| | - Malleshappa N Noolvi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Surat, Gujrat-394110, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu Tavi, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu M, Zhang H, Hu J, Weng Z, Li C, Li H, Zhao Y, Mei X, Ren F, Li L. Isoalantolactone inhibits UM-SCC-10A cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76000. [PMID: 24098753 PMCID: PMC3786891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. Previous studies have demonstrated that isoalantolactone possesses antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic and anti-proliferative properties in a variety of cells, but there are no studies concerning its effects on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, an MTT assay demonstrated that isoalantolactone has anti-proliferative activity against the HNSCC cell line (UM-SCC-10A). Immunostaining identified that this compound induced UM-SCC-10A cell apoptosis but not necrosis. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects, flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that the apoptosis was associated with cell cycle arrest during the G1 phase, up-regulation of p53 and p21, and down-regulation of cyclin D. Furthermore, our results revealed that induction of apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway led to up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression (Bax), down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein expression (Bcl-2), mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyto c), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and activation of caspase-3 (Casp-3). Involvement of the caspase apoptosis pathway was confirmed using caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK pretreatment. Together, our findings suggest that isoalantolactone induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway and was associated with cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in UM-SCC-10A cells. Therefore, isoalantolactone may become a potential drug for treating HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Hu
- Educational Technologies and Simulation Training Centre, Naval University of Engineering Tianjin Campus, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Weng
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chenyuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fu Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FR); (LL)
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- * E-mail: (FR); (LL)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
On the mechanism of biological activity of hydroquinone derivatives that inhibit tumor cell respiration. A theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
30
|
Giannattasio S, Guaragnella N, Arbini AA, Moro L. Stress-related mitochondrial components and mitochondrial genome as targets of anticancer therapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:102-12. [PMID: 23253132 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their role as cell powerhouse mitochondria are key organelles in the processes deciding about cell life or death that are crucial for tumor cell growth and survival, as well as for tumor cell ability to metastasize. Alterations in mitochondrial structure and functions have long been observed in cancer cells, thus targeting mitochondria as an anticancer therapeutic strategy has gained momentum recently. We will review the achievements and perspectives in the elucidation of the molecular basis for developing mitochondrial-targeted compounds as potential anticancer agents with special attention to mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction. Molecules/agents candidate to affect mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells will be dealt with, with a particular focus on approaches targeting defects in the mitochondrial genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
U937 variant cells as a model of apoptosis without cell disintegration. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:249-62. [PMID: 23605997 PMCID: PMC6275624 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The variant cell line U937V was originally identified by a higher sensitivity to the cytocidal action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) than that of its reference cell line, U937. We noticed that a typical morphological feature of dying U937V cells was the lack of cellular disintegration, which contrasts to the formation of apoptotic bodies seen with dying U937 cells. We found that both TNFα, which induces the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and etoposide (VP-16), which induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, stimulated U937V cell death without cell disintegration. In spite of the distinct morphological differences between the U937 and U937V cells, the basic molecular events of apoptosis, such as internucleosomal DNA degradation, phosphatidylserine exposure on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, caspase activation and cytochrome c release, were evident in both cell types when stimulated with both types of apoptosis inducer. In the U937V cells, we noted an accelerated release of cytochrome c, an accelerated decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and a more pronounced generation of reactive oxygen species compared to the reference cells. We propose that the U937 and U937V cell lines could serve as excellent comparison models for studies on the mechanisms regulating the processes of cellular disintegration during apoptosis, such as blebbing (zeiosis) and apoptotic body formation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liao LZ, Chen YL, Lu LH, Zhao YH, Guo HL, Wu WK. Polysaccharide from Fuzi Likely Protects Against Starvation-Induced Cytotoxicity in H9c2 Cells by Increasing Autophagy Through Activation of the AMPK/mTOR Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:353-67. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that starvation induces autophagy, which may be protective during starvation, in an AMPK-dependent manner. Polysaccharides from Fuzi (FPS) reportedly have protective effects on nutrition-limited livers. The present study was designed to determine whether FPS protected H9c2 cells against starvation-induced cytotoxicity using an AMPK/mTOR-dependent mechanism. H9c2 cells were incubated in serum and glucose starvation media for 12 hours to establish a cell injury model. 3-Methyladenine (3MA, an autophagy inhibitor) was used to identify the exact role of autophagy in starvation. Cells were incubated with different FPS concentrations, and the cell injury levels, autophagy activity and AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation were measured. Adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (Ara-A, an AMPK inhibitor) and 5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamide riboside (AICAR, an AMPK activator) were used to identify whether the AMPK/mTOR pathway was involved in FPS-mediated cardioprotection. We demonstrated that starvation decreased cell viability in a time-dependent manner, and 3MA-induced autophagy inhibition aggravated the reduced cell viability. FPS treatment attenuated the cell viability decrement and the starvation-induced decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and autophagy; also, the AMPK/mTOR pathways were activated during treatment. Ara-A treatment abolished the protective effect of FPS, while AICAR treatment had a similar effect to FPS. We conclude that autophagy attenuates starvation-induced cardiomyocyte death, and FPS increases autophagy activity to protect against starvation-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells, likely through AMPK/mTOR pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Liao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P. R. China
| | - Li-He Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese, Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Lei Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Kang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang HM, Chuang SM, Su YC, Li YH, Chueh PJ. Down-regulation of tumor-associated NADH oxidase, tNOX (ENOX2), enhances capsaicin-induced inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:355-66. [PMID: 21735133 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common human malignancy and a major contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, the prognosis of most gastric cancer patients is poor because they are generally diagnosed at a late stage after the cancer has already metastasized. Most current research, therefore, emphasizes selective targeting of cancer cells by apoptosis-inducing agents. One such therapeutic agent is capsaicin, a component of chili peppers that has been shown to possess anti-growth activity against various cancer cell lines. Here, we examined the effect of capsaicin on SNU-1 and TMC-1 gastric cancer cells and found differing outcomes between the two cell lines. Our results show that capsaicin induced significant cytotoxicity with increases in oxidative stress, PARP cleavage, and apoptosis in sensitive SNU-1 cells. In contrast, TMC-1 cells were much less sensitive to capsaicin, exhibiting low cytotoxicity and very little apoptosis in response to capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin-induced apoptosis in SNU-1 cells was associated with down-regulation of tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX) mRNA and protein. On the contrary, tNOX expression was scarcely affected by capsaicin in TMC-1 cells. We further showed that tNOX-knockdown sensitized TMC-1 cells to capsaicin-induced apoptosis and G1 phase accumulation, and led to decreased cell growth, demonstrating that tNOX is essential for cancer cell growth. Collectively, these results indicate that capsaicin induces divergent effects of the growth of gastric cancer cells that parallel its effects on tNOX expression, and demonstrate that forced tNOX down-regulation restored capsaicin-induced growth inhibition in TMC-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- His-Ming Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Calcium Signaling in Mast Cells: Focusing on L-Type Calcium Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:955-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
35
|
Mechanisms and biomarkers of apoptosis in liver disease and fibrosis. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:648915. [PMID: 22567408 PMCID: PMC3332069 DOI: 10.1155/2012/648915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Development of the fibrotic scar is an outcome of chronic liver diseases of varying aetiologies including alcoholic liver disease (ALD) nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) viral hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV). The critical step in the development of scar is activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which become the primary source of extracellular matrix. Aberrant apoptosis is a feature of chronic liver diseases and is associated with worsening stages of fibrosis. However, apoptosis is also the main mechanism promoting the resolution of fibrosis, and spontaneous or targeted apoptosis of HSC is associated with regression of fibrosis in animal models and patients with chronic liver disease. Given the importance of apoptosis in disease progression and resolution, there is much interest in precisely delineating the mechanisms involved and also developing biomarkers that accurately reflect the underlying pathogenesis. Here, we review the mechanisms driving apoptosis in development of liver disease and use of apoptosis -related biomarkers to aid in clinical diagnosis. Finally, we will also examine the recent literature regarding new insights into mechanisms involved in apoptosis of activated HSCs as possible method of fibrosis regression.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuno T, Tsukamoto T, Hara A, Tanaka T. Cancer chemoprevention through the induction of apoptosis by natural compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jbpc.2012.32018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Low ICC, Kang J, Pervaiz S. Bcl-2: a prime regulator of mitochondrial redox metabolism in cancer cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2975-87. [PMID: 21574773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria play a critical role as death amplifiers during drug-induced apoptosis in cancer cells by providing pro-apoptotic factors that are released from the mitochondrial inter-membranous space upon the induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. This intrinsic death signaling pathway is the preferred mechanism employed by most anticancer compounds, and as such, resistance to drug-induced apoptosis is invariably associated with inhibition of mitochondrial death signaling network. The latter is a function of a balance between the pro- and the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. Bcl-2 is the prototype anti-apoptotic protein that localizes to the mitochondria and blocks the recruitment and activation of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, to the mitochondria. RECENT ADVANCES AND CRITICAL ISSUES Recent evidence has highlighted a novel mechanism of anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 in addition to its canonical activity in regulating mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. This novel activity is a function of cellular redox regulation, in particular, mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here we review the current state of our understanding of the death inhibitory activity of Bcl-2 and provide insight into the novel functional biology of this remarkable protein, which could have implications for designing innovative strategies to overcome the problem of drug resistance in the clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cherh Chiet Low
- ROS, Apoptosis and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Oh S, Kwon D, Lee E. Cytoprotective activity of elevated static pressure against oxidative stress in normal human fibroblasts. Mol Cell Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-011-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
39
|
Liu L, Chen C, Gong W, Li Y, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids attenuate reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase activation, and apoptosis in carcinoma cells treated with arsenic trioxide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:451-63. [PMID: 21846841 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP2J2 promote tumorogenesis in vivo and in vitro via direct stimulation of tumor cell growth and inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis. Herein, we describe a novel mechanism of inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis by EETs. In Tca-8113 cancer cells, the antileukemia drug arsenic trioxide (ATO) led to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired mitochondrial function, and induced apoptosis. 11,12-EET pretreatment increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and inhibited ATO-induced apoptosis. 11,12-EET also prevented the ATO-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Therefore, 11,12-EET-pretreatment attenuated the ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial function, and caspase activation observed after ATO treatment. Moreover, the CYP2J2-specific inhibitor compound 26 enhanced arsenic cytotoxicity to a clinically relevant concentration of ATO (1-2 μM). Both the thiol-containing antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine, and 11,12-EET reversed the synergistic effect of the two agents. Taken together, these data indicate that 11,12-EET inhibits apoptosis induced by ATO through a mechanism that involves induction of antioxidant proteins and attenuation of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xie SQ, Li Q, Zhang YH, Wang JH, Mei ZH, Zhao J, Wang CJ. NPC-16, a novel naphthalimide-polyamine conjugate, induced apoptosis and autophagy in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and Bel-7402 cells. Apoptosis 2011; 16:27-34. [PMID: 20809291 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor effects and molecular mechanism of NPC-16, a novel naphthalimide-polyamine conjugate, were evaluated in HepG2 cells and Bel-7402 cells. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC detection kit, and autophagy by acridine orange and Lyso-Tracker Red staining. The change of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured using rhodamine 123 staining. The protein expression of Beclin 1, LC3 II and mTOR, p70S6 K, 14-3-3, caspase, and Bcl-2 family members was detected by immunofluorescence assays and Western Blot. Here, we elucidated the nature of cellular response of HepG2 cells and Bel-7402 cells to NPC-16 at IC(50). NPC-16 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway in Bel-7402 cells. Differently, NPC-16 triggered HepG2 cells both apoptosis and autophagy, further autophagy facilitated cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, mTOR signal pathway was involved in NPC-16-mediated autophagy in HepG2 cells. Thus, NPC-16 may be useful as a potential template for investigation the molecular mechanism of naphthalimide-polyamine conjugate against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-qiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mahata S, Bharti AC, Shukla S, Tyagi A, Husain SA, Das BC. Berberine modulates AP-1 activity to suppress HPV transcription and downstream signaling to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:39. [PMID: 21496227 PMCID: PMC3098825 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific types of high risk Human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) particularly, HPV types 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer and while the two recently developed vaccines against these HPV types are prophylactic in nature, therapeutic options for treatment and management of already existing HPV infection are not available as yet. Because transcription factor, Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) plays a central role in HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis, we explored the possibility of its therapeutic targeting by berberine, a natural alkaloid derived from a medicinal plant species, Berberis which has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties with no known toxicity; however, the effect of berberine against HPV has not been elucidated. RESULTS We studied the effect of berberine on HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line, SiHa and HPV18-positive cervical cancer cell line, HeLa using electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays, western and northern blotting which showed that berberine could selectively inhibit constitutively activated AP-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and downregulates HPV oncogenes expression. Inhibition of AP-1 was also accompanied by changes in the composition of their DNA-binding complex. Berberine specifically downregulated expression of oncogenic c-Fos which was also absent in the AP-1 binding complex. Treatment with berberine resulted in repression of E6 and E7 levels and concomitant increase in p53 and Rb expression in both cell types. Berberine also suppressed expression of telomerase protein, hTERT, which translated into growth inhibition of cervical cancer cells. Interestingly, a higher concentration of berberine was found to reduce the cell viability through mitochondria-mediated pathway and induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3. CONCLUSION These results indicate that berberine can effectively target both the host and viral factors responsible for development of cervical cancer through inhibition of AP-1 and blocking viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 expression. Inhibition of AP-1 activity by berberine may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the anti-HPV effect of berberine. We propose that berberine is a potentially promising compound for the treatment of cervical cancer infected with HPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Mahata
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (Indian Council of Medical Research), I-7, Sector-39, Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar - 201301 India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Szabo A, Balog M, Mark L, Montsko G, Turi Z, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Kalai T, Hideg K, Kovacs K. Induction of mitochondrial destabilization and necrotic cell death by apolar mitochondria-directed SOD mimetics. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:476-87. [PMID: 21292036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present evidence, for the first time, that increasing the lipophilicity of mitochondria targeting SOD mimetics reverses their cytoprotective properties, destabilizing the mitochondrial membrane system and promoting cell death. A new mitochondria-directed apolar SOD mimetic, HO-3814, was found to provoke mitochondrial swelling and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and these effects were not inhibited by cyclosporine A. HO-3814-induced cell death was predominantly necrotic, caspase-independent, and not affected by mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitors or cyclophilin D-suppression, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases or Akt, or various antioxidants. In contrast, Bcl-2 overexpression diminished the effects of HO-3814.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Differential apoptotic activities of wild-type FOXL2 and the adult-type granulosa cell tumor-associated mutant FOXL2 (C134W). Oncogene 2010; 30:1653-63. [PMID: 21119601 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some mutations in FOXL2 result in premature ovarian failure accompanied by blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome type I disease, and FOXL2-null mice exhibit developmental defects in granulosa cells. Recently, FOXL2 c.402C>G, a new somatic mutation that leads to a p.C134W change, was found in the majority of adult-type ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs). In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms by which the C134W mutation contributes to the development of GCTs. Wild-type (WT) and mutant FOXL2 displayed differential apoptotic activities. Specifically, WT FOXL2 induced significant granulosa cell death, but the mutant exhibited minimal cell death. The FOXL2-induced apoptotic response was greatly dependent on caspase 8, BID and BAK because the depletion of any of these three proteins inhibited FOXL2 from eliciting the full apoptotic response. Activation of caspase 8 and subsequent increased production of truncated BID, and oligomerization of BAK, and release of cytochrome c were all associated with the apoptosis induced by WT FOXL2 expression. In contrast, the mutant FOXL2 was unable to elicit the full array of apoptotic signaling responses. In addition, we found differential TNF-R1 (tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1) and Fas (CD95/APO-1) upregulation between the WT and the mutant, and the silencing of TNF-R1 or Fas and the blockage of the death signaling mediated by TNF-R1 or Fas using TNF-Fc or Fas-Fc, respectively, resulted in significant attenuations of FOXL2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, granulosa cells that expressed either WT FOXL2 or mutant exhibited distinct cell death sensitivities on activation of death receptors and deprivation of serum. Thus, the differential activities of FOXL2 and its mutant may partially account for the pathophysiology of GCT development.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li X, Su B, Liu R, Wu D, He D. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis and triggers caspase cascade in human bladder cancer cells. J Surg Res 2010; 166:e45-51. [PMID: 21176918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrandrine is known to exert anti-tumor effects, however, little is known about its effect on human bladder carcinoma. In this study, employing two different human bladder cancer cell lines, 5637 and T24, which represent high-risk superficial bladder cancer (5637) and high-grade bladder cancer (T24), we tested tetrandrine-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in bladder carcinoma cell lines and investigated the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Activation of caspases were analyzed by Western blotting and caspase colorimetric assay. The collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) and subcellular distribution of cytochrome c was determined by JC-1 staining and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Tetrandrine treatment showed strong growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects on human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, induction of apoptosis by tetrandrine was associated with a very strong and prominent caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 activation as well as PARP cleavage. Flow cytometric studies revealed that tetrandrine induced a dose-dependent loss of ΔΨ(m), which was accompanied by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study provided the first evidence that tetrandrine imparted inhibitory and apoptotic activity in human bladder cancer cells. The tetrandrine-induced apoptosis might be related to the activation of the caspase cascade and mitochondrial pathway. Our results suggest that tetrandrine merits further in vivo investigation as a novel bladder cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Teriflunomide (leflunomide) promotes cytostatic, antioxidant, and apoptotic effects in transformed prostate epithelial cells: evidence supporting a role for teriflunomide in prostate cancer chemoprevention. Neoplasia 2010; 12:464-75. [PMID: 20563249 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriflunomide (TFN) is an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and the active metabolite of leflunomide. Leflunomide is prescribed to patients worldwide as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory disease-modifying prodrug. Leflunomide inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer xenographs in mice, and leflunomide or TFN promoted cytostasis and/or apoptosis in cultured cells. These findings suggest that TFN could be useful in prostate cancer chemoprevention. We investigated the possible mechanistic aspects of this tenet by characterizing the effects of TFN using premalignant PWR-1E and malignant DU-145 human prostate epithelial cells. TFN promoted a dose- and time-dependent cytostasis or apoptosis induction in these cells. The cytostatic effects of TFN, which were reversible but not by the presence of excess uridine in the culture medium, included diminished cellular uridine levels, an inhibition in oxygen consumption, a suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and a conspicuous reduction in the size and number of the nucleoli in the nuclei of these cells. Conversely, TFN's apoptogenic effects were characteristic of catastrophic mitochondrial disruption (i.e., a dissipation of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, enhanced ROS production, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and cytoplasmic vacuolization) and followed by DNA fragmentation. The respiration-deficient derivatives of the DU-145 cells, which are also uridine auxotrophs, were markedly resistant to the cytostatic and apoptotic effects of TFN, implicating de novo pyrimidine synthesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics as the primary targets for TFN in the respiration competent cells. These mechanistic findings advocate a role for TFN and mitochondrial bioenergetics in prostate cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
|
46
|
Approaches for targeting mitochondria in cancer therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:689-96. [PMID: 20732297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of the role that mitochondria play in human health and disease is evidenced by the emergence in recent decades of a whole new field of "Mitochondrial Medicine". Molecules located on or inside mitochondria are considered prime pharmacological targets and a wide range of efforts are underway to exploit these targets to develop targeted therapies for various diseases including cancer. However the concept of targeting, while seemingly simple in theory, has multiple subtly different practical approaches. The focus of this article is to highlight these differences in the context of a discussion on the current status of various mitochondria-targeted approaches to cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu WP, Chen YK, Liao CC, Yu HS, Tsai YM, Huang SM, Tsai FY, Shen HC, Chang LS, Wang JJ. Synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives as photosensitizing agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
48
|
Liu WH, Chang LS. Reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase induce apoptotic death of U937 cells in response to Naja nigricollis toxin-gamma. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:1695-1705. [PMID: 20187293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to elucidate the signalling components related to Naja nigricollis toxin--induced apoptosis in human leukaemia U937 cells. It was found that toxin--induced apoptotic cell death was attributed mainly to activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsim). Subsequent modulation of Bcl-2 family member and cytochrome c release accompanied with activation of caspase-9 and -3 were involved in the death of U937 cells. SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) and N-acetylcysteine (antioxidant) significantly attenuated toxin--induced cell death and loss of deltapsim, and completely abolished the production of ROS. In contrast to N-acetylcysteine, degradation of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL and mitochondrial localization of Bax were notably decreased by SB202190. Inhibitors of electron transport (rotenone and antimycin A) or inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (cyclosporine A) reduced the effect of toxin- on ROS generation, loss of deltapsim and cytochrome c release. Noticeably, pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine or rotenone eliminated markedly ROS accompanied with reduction in p38 MAPK activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the cytotoxicity of toxin- is initiated by p38-MAPK-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction followed by ROS production and activation of caspases, and that ROS further augments p38 MAPK activation and mitochondrial alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University - Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University - Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hail N, Chen P, Rower J, Bushman LR. Teriflunomide encourages cytostatic and apoptotic effects in premalignant and malignant cutaneous keratinocytes. Apoptosis 2010; 15:1234-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
50
|
Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. NSAIDs, Mitochondria and Calcium Signaling: Special Focus on Aspirin/Salicylates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1594-1613. [PMID: 27713319 PMCID: PMC4033999 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has long been used as an anti-pyretic and analgesic drug. Recently, much attention has been paid to the chemopreventive and apoptosis-inducing effects of NSAIDs in cancer cells. These effects have been thought to be primarily attributed to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. However, recent studies have demonstrated unequivocally that certain NSAIDs, including aspirin and its metabolite salicylic acid, exert their anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects independently of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. It is becoming increasingly evident that two potential common targets of NSAIDs are mitochondria and the Ca2+ signaling pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the roles of mitochondria and Ca2+ in the apoptosis-inducing effects as well as some side effects of aspirin, salicylates and other NSAIDs, and introducing the emerging role of L-type Ca2+ channels, a new Ca2+ entry pathway in non-excitable cells that is up-regulated in human cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Inoue
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisei Ra
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|