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Liu J, Zhu L, Bao Y, Du Z, Shi L, Hong X, Zou Z, Peng G. Injectable dexamethasone-loaded peptide hydrogel for therapy of radiation-induced ototoxicity by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway. J Control Release 2024; 365:729-743. [PMID: 38065412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced ototoxicity is associated with inflammation response and excessive reactive oxygen species in the cochlea. However, the effectiveness of many drugs in clinical settings is limited due to anatomical barriers in the inner ear and pharmacokinetic instability. To address this issue, we developed an injectable hydrogel called RADA32-HRN-dexamethasone (RHD). The RHD hydrogel possesses self-anti-inflammatory properties and can self-assemble into nanofibrous structures, ensuring controlled and sustained release of dexamethasone in the local region. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the uptake of FITC-conjugated RHD gel by hair cells increased in a time-dependent manner. Compared to free dexamethasone solutions, dexamethasone-loaded RHD gel achieved a longer and more controlled release profile of dexamethasone. Additionally, RHD gel effectively protected against the inflammatory response, reduced excessive reactive oxygen species production, and reversed the decline in mitochondrial membrane potentials induced by ionizing radiation, leading to attenuation of apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, RHD gel promoted the recovery of outer hair cells and partially restored auditory function in mice exposed to ionizing radiation. These findings validated the protective effects of RHD gel against radiation-induced ototoxicity in both cell cultures and animal models. Furthermore, RHD gel enhanced the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which was inhibited by ionizing radiation, thereby promoting the survival of hair cells. Importantly, intratympanic injections of RHD gel exhibited excellent biosafety and do not interfere with the anti-tumor effects of radiotherapy. In summary, our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of injectable dexamethasone-loaded RHD hydrogel for the treatment of radiation-induced hearing loss by regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lisheng Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuqing Bao
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhouyuan Du
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liangliang Shi
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Hong
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenwei Zou
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Gang Peng
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Sahin M, Kaya A, Aytekin A, Akay E, Ozcan I. Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Radiation-Induced Ototoxicity in a Rat Model. Audiol Neurootol 2023; 28:427-435. [PMID: 37379818 DOI: 10.1159/000530685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a chemical compound, which has been shown to possess numerous biological features such as anticoagulation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammation, capillary dilatation, improvement in microcirculation, and protection against reactive oxygen radicals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of TMP against radiation-induced ototoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 rats were divided into four groups. The first group was irradiated for 5 days. The second group received a single dose of 140 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal TMP given to the rats 30 min before radiotherapy (RT) for 5 days. The third group received a single dose of 140 mg/kg/day i.p. TMP for 5 days, whereas the fourth group was administered saline. All rats underwent distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response measurements before and after the application. The temporal bulla of animals was removed for immunohistopathological examination. RESULTS Signal-noise ratio values were significantly decreased in the RT group for the frequencies of 2-32 kHz after RT (p < 0.05), whereas the difference was not significant in terms of pre- and posttreatment values for the other groups. Also in the RT group, the ABR thresholds were significantly increased after treatment. In H&E staining, the mean scores for outer hair cells (OHCs), stria vascularis (SV), and spiral ganglion (SG) injuries were significantly higher in RT and RT + TMP groups than in the other groups. The mean OHCs and SV injury scores were also significantly higher in the RT group than in the RT + TMP group (p < 0.05). The number of cochleas that showed cytoplasmic caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the OHC, SV, and SG was significantly higher in RT and RT + TMP groups than in the other groups. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that TMP may have a therapeutic potential for preventing sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) related to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Altan Kaya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aytekin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akay
- Department of Pathology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ozcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Basirat U, Bin Tariq U, Moeen N, Jawhar ZH, Shoja SJ, Kareem AK, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Romero-Parra RM, Zabibah RS, Gupta J, Mustafa YF, Farhood B. A Systematic Review of the Chemo/Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin against Ototoxic Adverse Effects Induced by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:1218-1229. [PMID: 37138418 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230503145707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in cancer treatment, different adverse effects induced by these therapeutic modalities (such as ototoxicity) restrict their clinical use. Co-treatment of melatonin may alleviate the chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced ototoxicity. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the otoprotective potentials of melatonin against the ototoxicity induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy were reviewed. METHODS According to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search was carried out to identify all relevant studies on "the role of melatonin against ototoxic damage associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy" in the different electronic databases up to September 2022. Sixty-seven articles were screened based on a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven eligible studies were finally included in this review. RESULTS The in vitro findings showed that cisplatin chemotherapy significantly decreased the auditory cell viability compared to the control group; in contrast, the melatonin co-administration increased the cell viability of cisplatin-treated cells. The results obtained from the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests demonstrated a decreased amplitude of DPOAE and increased values of ABR I-IV interval and ABR threshold in mice/rats receiving radiotherapy and cisplatin; nevertheless, melatonin co-treatment indicated an opposite pattern on these evaluated parameters. It was also found that cisplatin and radiotherapy could significantly induce the histological and biochemical changes in the auditory cells/tissue. However, melatonin co-treatment resulted in alleviating the cisplatin/radiotherapy-induced biochemical and histological changes. CONCLUSION According to the findings, it was shown that melatonin co-treatment alleviates the ototoxic damage induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mechanically, melatonin may exert its otoprotective effects via its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities and other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nawal Moeen
- Nawaz Sharif Medical College, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sarah Jawad Shoja
- College of Health & Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Ali Kamil Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U.P., India
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Huang Y, Zhou H, An F, Zhao A, Wu J, Wang M, Luo J. The relevance of ototoxicity induced by radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:95. [PMID: 37270526 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of ototoxicity, characterized by hearing impairment, tinnitus, or middle ear inflammation, is elevated in both child and adult cancer survivors who have undergone head-neck or brain radiation, or a combination of the two. To provide optimal care for these cancer survivors and minimize subsequent complications, it is crucial to comprehend the relationship between radiotherapy and ototoxicity. METHODS A comprehensive search of databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, was conducted from the inception of the knowledge base up until January 2023. The metafor-package was employed to compare ototoxicity rates in individuals receiving radiotherapy. Two independent assessors extracted data and analyzed targets using a random-effects model. RESULTS Out of the 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in the analysis, 25 were prospective RCTs. Subgroup analysis revealed that mean cochlear radiation dose, primary tumor location, radiotherapy modality, and patient age significantly influenced total hearing impairment. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with less ototoxicity than 2D conventional radiotherapy (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.47-0.60; P = 0.73; I2 = 0%). Stereotactic radiotherapy appeared to be a superior option for hearing preservation compared to radiosurgery (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.00-2.07; P = 0.69; I2 = 0%). Children demonstrated a higher risk of hearing impairment than adults. More than 50% of patients with vestibular neuroadenoma experienced hearing impairment following radiation therapy. A strong association was observed between the average cochlear radiation dose and hearing impairment. Increased cochlear radiation doses may result in a heightened risk of hearing impairment. CONCLUSION Several risk factors for radiation-induced hearing impairment were identified in this study. High cochlear radiation doses were found to exacerbate the risk of hearing impairment resulting from radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglan An
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingcheng, Dezhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Aimei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongchangfu Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Changzhou, China.
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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Zhao D, Yang L, Han P, Zhang H, Wang F, Meng Z, Gan H, Wu Z, Sun W, Chen C, Dou G, Gu R. Blocking TRAIL-DR5 signaling pathway with soluble death receptor 5 fusion protein mitigates radiation-induced injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1171293. [PMID: 37274104 PMCID: PMC10232792 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1171293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of nuclear technology, the high fatality of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and its complex mechanism make ARS a global difficulty that requires urgent attention. Here we reported that the death receptor 5 (DR5), as well as its ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), were both significantly upregulated after irradiation in mice with 6 Gy γ-ray single radiation. And by intravenously administrated with soluble DR5 fusion protein (sDR5-Fc), the competitive antagonist of DR5, the excessive apoptosis in the radiation-sensitive tissues such as spleen and thymus were significantly inhibited and the radiation-induced damage of spleen and thymus were mitigated, while the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins such as Bcl-2 was also significantly upregulated. The biochemical indicators such as serum ALP, AST, ALT, TBIL, K, and Cl levels that affected by radiation, were improved by sDR5-Fc administration. sDR5-Fc can also regulate the number of immune cells and reduce blood cell death. For in vitro studies, it had been found that sDR5-Fc effectively inhibited apoptosis of human small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and IEC-6 cells using flow cytometry. Finally, survival studies showed that mice administrated with sDR5-Fc after 9 Gy γ-ray single whole body radiation effectively increased the 30-day survival and was in a significant dose-dependent manner. Overall, the findings revealed that DR5/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis pathway had played important roles in the injury of ARS mice, and DR5 probably be a potential target for ARS therapeutics. And the DR5 apoptosis antagonist, sDR5 fusion protein, probably is a promising anti-ARS drug candidate which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Han
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanjun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhong Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Mechanism and Protection of Radiotherapy Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss for Head and Neck Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:3548706. [PMID: 34970625 PMCID: PMC8714384 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3548706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radiotherapy-induced sensorineural hearing loss (RISNHL) is a common adverse effect in patients with head and neck cancer. Given that there are few studies on the pathogenesis of RISNHL at present, we summarized the possible pathogenesis of RISNHL and possible protective measures found at present by referring to relevant literatures. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed database, using keywords “sensorineural hearing loss,” “radiotherapy,” and “cancer,” among others. The literature was examined for the possible mechanism and preventive measures of sensorineural hearing loss induced by radiotherapy. Results We found that the incidence of RISNHL was closely related to the damage directly caused by ionizing radiation and the radiation-induced bystander effect. It also depends on the dose of radiation and the timing of chemotherapy. Studies confirmed that RISNHL is mainly involved in post-RT inflammatory response and changes in reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and p53 signaling pathways, leading to specific manners of cell death. We expect to reduce the incidence of hearing loss through advanced radiotherapy techniques, dose limitation of organs at risk, application of cell signaling inhibitors, use of antioxidants, induction of cochlear hair cell regeneration, and cochlear implantation. Conclusion RISNHL is associated with radiation damage to DNA, oxidative stress, and inflammation of cochlear cells, stria vascularis endothelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and other supporting cells. At present, the occurrence mechanism of RISNHL has not been clearly illustrated, and further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanism, which is crucial to promote the formulation of better strategies and prevent the occurrence of RISNHL.
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Low WK, Teng SW, Tan MGK. Synergistic Ototoxicity of Gentamicin and Low-Dose Irradiation: Molecular Basis and Clinical Significance. Audiol Neurootol 2019; 25:111-119. [PMID: 31838466 DOI: 10.1159/000503133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inner ear structures may be included in the radiation fields when irradiation is used to treat patients with head and neck cancers. These patients may also have concurrent infections that require gentamicin treatment. Radiation and gentamicin are both potentially ototoxic, and their combined use has been shown to result in synergistic ototoxicity in animals. OBJECTIVE We aimed to confirm the synergistic ototoxicity of combined gentamicin and low-dose irradiation treatment and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms using an in vitro model. METHOD We compared the ototoxic effects of gentamicin, low-dose irradiation, and their combination in the OC-k3 mouse cochlear cell line using cell viability assay, live/dead stain, apoptosis detection assay, oxidative stress detection, and studied the molecular mechanisms involved using immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Combined treatment led to prolonged oxidative stress, reduced cell viability, and synergistic apoptosis. Gentamicin induced the concurrent accumulation of LC3b-II and SQSTM1/p62, suggesting an impairment of autophagic flux. Low-dose irradiation induced transient p53 phosphorylation and persistent Akt phosphorylation in response to DNA damage. In combined treatment, gentamicin attenuated irradiation-induced Akt activation. CONCLUSIONS Besides increased oxidative stress, synergistic apoptosis observed in combined treatment could be attributed to gentamicin-induced perturbation of autophagic flux and attenuation of Akt phosphorylation, which led to an impairment of radiation-induced DNA repair response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wong Kein Low
- Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, .,Novena Ent-Head and Neck Surgery Specialist Centre, Mount Elizabeth Novena Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Siaw Wei Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle G K Tan
- Departments of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Düzenli U, Altun Z, Olgun Y, Aktaş S, Pamukoğlu A, Çetinayak HO, Bayrak AF, Olgun L. Role of N-acetyl cysteine and acetyl-l-carnitine combination treatment on DNA-damage-related genes induced by radiation in HEI-OC1 cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:298-306. [PMID: 30496017 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cytotoxicity and change in DNA damage-related genes in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells. METHODS HEI-OC1 cells were irradiated with 5 Gy radiation and treated by eight combinations of NAC and/or ALC: control, NAC, ALC, IR, NAC + IR, ALC + NAC, ALC + IR, and ALC + NAC + IR. Cell viability, apoptotic cell death, and DNA damage were measured at the 72nd hour. Eighty-four IR-induced DNA-damage-related genes were determined by RT-PCR gene array and >10-fold changes were considered significant. RESULTS IR decreased cell viability by about 50% at 72 hours of incubation. In particular, the ALC and/or NAC combination before IR protected the HEI-OC1 cells (p < .05). Single and combination treatment prior to IR led to lower apoptotic cell death (p < .05). There was a significant lower DNA damage in ALC + NAC + IR group compared to IR group (p < .05). Expressions of Brca2, Xpc, Mlh3, Rad51, Xrcc2, Hus1, Rad9a, Cdkn1a, Gadd45a which are the DNA-repair genes were found to be significantly higher in NAC + ALC + IR group than those in individual treatment of ALC or NAC. CONCLUSIONS ALC and/or NAC treatment prior to IR led to higher cell viability and lower apoptotic cell damage compared to the IR group. The results of the study show that the ALC + NAC combination treatment inhibits DNA damage and induces DNA-repair genes to repair radiation damage, and this combination treatment is more effective against radiation-induced DNA damage than NAC or ALC therapy individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Düzenli
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altun
- b Department of Basic Oncology , Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Yüksel Olgun
- c Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine , Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktaş
- b Department of Basic Oncology , Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Ayça Pamukoğlu
- b Department of Basic Oncology , Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Hasan Oğuz Çetinayak
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Dokuz Eylül University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Asuman Feda Bayrak
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Levent Olgun
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Bozyaka Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
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Ionizing Radiation Blocks Hair Cell Regeneration in Zebrafish Lateral Line Neuromasts by Preventing Wnt Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1639-1651. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Effects of Intratympanic Dexamethasone on High-Dose Radiation Ototoxicity In Vivo. Otol Neurotol 2017; 38:180-186. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Dexamethasone (DXM) protects against radiation-induced loss of auditory hair cells (HCs) in rat organ of Corti (OC) explants by reducing levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis. BACKGROUND Radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss (HL) is progressive, dose-dependent, and irreversible. Currently, there are no preventative therapeutic modalities for radiation-induced HL. DXM is a synthetic steroid that can potentially target many of the pathways involved in radiation-induced ototoxicity. METHODS Whole OC explants were dissected from 3-day-old rat cochleae exposed to specific dosages of single-fraction radiation (0, 2, 5, 10, or 20 Gy), were either untreated or treated with DXM (75, 150, 300 μg/mL), and then cultured for 48 or 96 hours. Confocal microscopy for oxidative stress (CellRox, 48 h) and apoptosis (TUNEL assay, 96 h) and fluorescent microscopy for viable HC counts (fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin, 96 h) were performed. Analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc testing were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Radiation exposure initiated dose-dependent losses of inner and outer HCs, predominantly in the basal turns of the OC explants. DXM protected against radiation-induced HC losses in a dose-dependent manner. DXM significantly reduced levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in radiation-injured OC explants (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Radiation-initiated HC losses were dose-dependent in OC explants. DXM treatment protected explant HCs against radiation-initiated losses by decreasing the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis. DXM may potentially be a therapeutic modality for preventing radiation-induced HL; further in vivo studies are necessary.
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Lambert EM, Gunn GB, Gidley PW. Effects of radiation on the temporal bone in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2016; 38:1428-35. [PMID: 27453348 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a key component in the treatment of many head and neck cancers, and its potential to cause long-term adverse effects has become increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe the short-term and long-term sequelae of radiation-associated changes in and injury to the temporal bone and its related structures. The pathophysiology of radiation-induced injury and its clinical entities, including sensorineural hearing loss, chronic otitis media, osteoradionecrosis, and radiation-associated malignancies, are described. We also discuss radiation dose to the head and neck as it relates to these conditions. An improved understanding of radiation's effects on the temporal bone will enable physicians and researchers to continue efforts to reduce radiotherapy-related sequelae and guide clinicians in diagnosing and treating the various otologic conditions that can arise in patients with head and neck cancer who have received radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1428-1435, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton M Lambert
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - G Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul W Gidley
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Jin LG, Chu JJ, Pang QF, Zhang FZ, Wu G, Zhou LY, Zhang XJ, Xing CG. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates ionize radiation-induced intestinal injury through modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis and p38MAPK in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:156-163. [PMID: 26122083 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and it can eliminate the free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of CAPE on X-ray irradiation induced intestinal injury in rats. Rats were intragastrically administered with 10 μmol/kg/d CAPE for 7 consecutive days before exposing them to a single dose of X-ray irradiation (9Gy) to abdomen. Rats were sacrificed 72 h after exposure to radiation. We found that pretreatment with CAPE effectively attenuated intestinal pathology changes, apoptosis, oxidative stress, bacterial translocation, the content of nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase as well as the concentration of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α. Pretreatment with CAPE also reversed the activation of p38MAPK and the increased expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 induced by radiation in intestinal mucosa. Taken together, these results suggest that pretreatment with CAPE could be a promising candidate for treating radiation-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Gen Jin
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004 Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Qing-Feng Pang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Fu-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Le-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Gen Xing
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004 Suzhou, China.
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14
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Antioxidative effect of carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) on IVM of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation and IVF. Theriogenology 2015; 84:226-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Karaer I, Simsek G, Gul M, Bahar L, Gürocak S, Parlakpinar H, Nuransoy A. Melatonin protects inner ear against radiation damage in rats. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E345-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehmet Gul
- the Department of Pharmacology, Inönü University Faculty of Medicine Malatya
| | | | - Simay Gürocak
- ENT DepartmentKirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine Kirikkale
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16
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Tan PX, Du SS, Ren C, Yao QW, Zheng R, Li R, Yuan YW. MicroRNA-207 enhances radiation-induced apoptosis by directly targeting Akt3 in cochlea hair cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1433. [PMID: 25275594 PMCID: PMC4649514 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in various types of cellular biological processes. Our study aimed to determine whether miRNAs function in the regulation of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell death in auditory cells and to determine how they affect the cellular response to IR. Microarray and qRT-PCR were performed to identify and confirm the differential expression of miRNAs in the cochlea hair cell line HEI-OC1 and in vivo after IR. Upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs using miRNA mimics or inhibitor were detected to characterize the biological effects of the indicated miRNAs. Bioinformatic analyses, luciferase reporter assays and mRNA knockdown were performed to identify a miRNA target gene. We determined that miR-207 was significantly upregulated after IR. MiR-207 enhances IR-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in HEI-OC1 cells. Furthermore, Akt3 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-207. Downregulation of Akt3 mimics the effects of miR-207. MiR-207 enhances IR-induced apoptosis by directly targeting Akt3 and anti-miR-207 may have a potential role in protecting cochlea hair cells from IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-x Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - S-s Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - C Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Q-w Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - R Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - R Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Y-w Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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17
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Mechanisms of radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss and radioprotection. Hear Res 2014; 312:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ameliorates radiation-induced ototoxicity in zebrafish and cochlea-derived cell lines. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:111-22. [PMID: 24374476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is a widely used treatment for head and neck cancers, and one of its most severe side effects is ototoxicity. Radiation-induced ototoxicity has been demonstrated to be linked to the increased production of ROS and MAPK. We intended to investigate the effect of p38 inhibition on radiation-induced ototoxicity in cochlea-derived HEI-OC1 cells and in a zebrafish model. The otoprotective effect of p38 inhibition against radiation was tested in vitro in the organ of Corti-derived cell line, HEI-OC1, and in vivo in a zebrafish model. Radiation-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an increase of intracellular NO generation were demonstrated in HEI-OC1 cells. The p38-specific inhibitor, SB203580, ameliorated radiation-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in HEI-OC1 cells. p38 inhibition reduced radiation-induced activation of JNK, p38, cytochrome c, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in HEI-OC1 cells. Scanning electron micrography showed that SB203580 prevented radiation-induced destruction of kinocilium and stereocilia in zebrafish neuromasts. The results of this study suggest that p38 plays an important role in mediating radiation-induced ototoxicity and inhibition of p38 could be a plausible option for preventing radiation ototoxicity.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- DMEM,
- DMSO,
- Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- ERK,
- FBS,
- FITC,
- HNSCC,
- IHC,
- Inner hair cell
- JNK,
- MAPK,
- MMP,
- NO,
- PARP,
- PBS,
- PI,
- ROS,
- SB203580
- SEM,
- SNHL,
- TUNEL,
- c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- days post-fertilization
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- dpf,
- extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- fetal bovine serum
- fluorescein isothiocyanate
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- hearing preservation
- mitochondrial membrane potential
- mitogen-activated protein kinase
- nitric oxide
- p38
- p38, p38
- phosphate buffered saline
- poly ADP ribose polymerase
- propidium iodide
- radiation
- reactive oxygen species
- scanning electron microscopy
- sensorineural hearing loss
- terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling
- zebrafish
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19
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Wong S, Chor H, Moorthy S, Ong C, Phan T, Lu J. Human epidermal keratinocytes death and expression of protein markers of apoptosis after ionizing radiation exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0102.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Fentiman I. Getting the right balance in treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0102.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Tan PX, Du SS, Ren C, Yao QW, Yuan YW. Radiation-induced Cochlea Hair Cell Death: Mechanisms and Protection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5631-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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22
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DU S, Yao Q, Tan P, Xie G, Ren C, Sun Q, Zhang X, Zheng R, Yang K, Yuan Y, Yuan Q. Protective effect of tanshinone IIA against radiation-induced ototoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:901-906. [PMID: 24137434 PMCID: PMC3796387 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a highly efficient treatment method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma that is often accompanied by significant ototoxic side-effects. The inner ear hair cells are particularly prone to serious injury following radiotherapy. Tanshinone IIA is a transcription factor inhibitor that is extracted from the traditional herbal medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The present study investigated the effects of tanshinone IIA treatment on radiation-induced toxicity in the HEI-OC1 hair cell line. Using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, the radiation-induced weakening of the cells was observed to be alleviated when the cells were pre-treated with tanshinone IIA. Radiation exposure promoted p65/nuclear factor (NF)-κB nuclear translocation and activated the p53/p21 pathway, two processes which play a significant role in radiation-induced cell apoptosis. However, pre-treatment of the cells with tanshinone IIA inhibited p65/NF-κB nuclear translocation and p53/p21 pathway activation. These results demonstrate that tanshinone IIA is capable of protecting cochlear cells from radiation-induced injury through the suppression of p65/NF-κB nuclear translocation and the p53/p21 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha DU
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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23
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Nano-TiO2-Induced Apoptosis by Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage and Activation of p53 in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:791-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Pyun J, Kang S, Hwang H, Oh Y, Kang S, Lim Y, Choo O, Kim C. Epicatechin inhibits radiation-induced auditory cell death by suppression of reactive oxygen species generation. Neuroscience 2011; 199:410-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Ototoxicity from combined Cisplatin and radiation treatment: an in vitro study. Int J Otolaryngol 2010; 2010:523976. [PMID: 21151649 PMCID: PMC2995915 DOI: 10.1155/2010/523976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Combined cisplatin (CDDP) and radiotherapy is increasingly being used to treat advanced head and neck cancers. As both CDDP and radiation can cause hearing loss, it is important to have a better understanding of the cellular and molecular ototoxic mechanisms involved in combined therapy. Procedure. The effects of CDDP, radiation, and combined CDDP-radiation on the OC-k3 cochlear cell line were studied using MTS assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and microarray analysis. Results. Compared to using CDDP or radiation alone, its combined use resulted in enhanced apoptotic cell death and apoptotic-related gene expression, including that of FAS. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 (a marker for p53 pathway activation in response to DNA damage) was observed after treatment with either CDDP or radiation. However, posttreatment activation of p53 occurred earlier in radiation than in CDDP which corresponded to the timings of MDM2 and TP53INP1 expression. Conclusion. Enhanced apoptotic-related gene expressions leading to increased apoptotic cell deaths could explain the synergistic ototoxicity seen clinically in combined CDDP-radiation therapy. CDDP and radiation led to differential temporal activation of p53 which suggests that their activation is the result of different upstream processes. These have implications in future antiapoptotic treatments for ototoxicity.
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26
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Ye Y, Liu J, Xu J, Sun L, Chen M, Lan M. Nano-SiO2 induces apoptosis via activation of p53 and Bax mediated by oxidative stress in human hepatic cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:751-8. [PMID: 20060462 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles such as nano-SiO(2) are increasingly used in food, cosmetics, diagnosis, imaging and drug delivery. However, toxicological data of nano-SiO(2) on hepatic cells in vitro and their detailed molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In order to assess toxicity of nano-SiO(2), L-02 cells were exposed to 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/ml of SiO(2) colloids (21, 48 and 86 nm) for 12, 24, 36 and 48h. Lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells were quantified, cellular ultrastructural organization was observed, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and glutathione were measured. Apoptosis induced by 21 nm SiO(2) was characterized by annexin V-FITC/PI staining and DNA ladder assay. Furthermore, apoptosis related proteins such as p53, Bax and Bcl-2 were analyzed by using western blot analysis. Our data indicated that nano-SiO(2) caused cytotoxicity in size, dose and time dependent manners. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced by exposure to 21 nm SiO(2). Moreover, the expression of p53 and Bax was increased in time and dose dependent patterns, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was not significantly changed. In conclusion, ROS-mediated oxidative stress, the activation of p53 and up-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio are involved in mechanistic pathways of 21 nm SiO(2) induced apoptosis in L-02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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27
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Prospective study of sensorineural hearing loss following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2009; 124:32-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215109991435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:To investigate the severity and incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.Methods:Forty-two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with conventional radiotherapy. Audiological testing was performed to compare patients' hearing before and at varying stages after radiotherapy.Results:At one month post-radiation, a significant hearing threshold increase was seen only for high frequencies. At 12, 24 and 60 months post-radiation, significant threshold increases were observed at speech frequencies (4.0 and 8.0 kHz), compared with pre-radiation data. The mean values of wave I, III and V latencies and of the I–V interpeak latency intervals were not significantly altered at one month post-radiation, but were significantly prolonged at 12, 24 and 60 months post-radiation, compared with pre-radiation data.Conclusion:In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy, the severity and incidence of radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss increased with time, especially at high frequencies. This hearing impairment may be due to changes in the cochlea and/or the retrocochlear auditory pathway.
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28
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Astolfi L, Simoni E, Ciorba A, Martini A. In vitro protective effects of Ginkgo biloba against cisplatin toxicity in mouse cell line OCk3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/16513860802527930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Low WK, Tan MGK, Chua AWC, Sun L, Wang DY. 12th Yahya Cohen Memorial Lecture – The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Radiation-induced Sensori-neural Hearing Loss. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2009. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n1p91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) is a frequent complication of conventional radiotherapy for head and neck tumours, especially nasopharyngeal carcinoma. To manage radiation-induced ototoxicity appropriately, an understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of this complication is necessary.
Materials and Methods: A medline search of relevant literature was done, focusing on the radiation-induced cellular and molecular processes that lead to hair cell death in the cochlea.
Results:Radiation-induced SNHL occurs in the cochlea, with the retro-cochlear pathways remaining functionally intact. By simulating radiotherapy regimes used clinically, radiation-induced cochlear cell degeneration in the absence of damage to the supporting structures and blood vessels has been demonstrated in animals. This could be due to apoptotic cochlear cell death, which has been shown to be associated with p53 upregulation and intra-cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Oxidative stress may initiate the upstream processes that lead to apoptosis and other cell death mechanisms.
Conclusions: A model of radiation-induced SNHL based on a dose and ROS-dependant cochlear cell apoptosis, is proposed. This model supports the feasibility of cochlear implantation, should one be clinically indicated. It can explain clinical observations such as radiation-induced SNHL being dose-dependent and affects the high frequencies more than the lower frequencies. It also opens up the possibility of preventive strategies targeted at different stages of the apoptotic process. Antioxidants look promising as effective agents to prevent radiation-induced ototoxicity; they target upstream processes leading to different cell death mechanisms that may co-exist in the population of damaged cells.
Radiation-induced sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) has long been recognised as a complication of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck tumours, if the auditory pathways had been included in the radiation fields. In Singapore, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common and the prevalence of SNHL after radiotherapy for NPC has been reported to be as high as 24%. Radiation-induced ototoxicity is therefore an important clinical problem in Singapore. To be able to manage radiation-induced ototoxicity appropriately, a good understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of this complication is necessary.
Key words: Apoptosis, Deafness, Hair cell, Ototoxicity, Radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Sun
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Low WK, Sun L, Tan MG, Chua AW, Wang DY. L-N-Acetylcysteine protects against radiation-induced apoptosis in a cochlear cell line. Acta Otolaryngol 2008; 128:440-5. [PMID: 18368580 DOI: 10.1080/00016480701762490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION L-N-Acetylcysteine (L-NAC) significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cochlear cell apoptosis after irradiation. The safe and effective use of L-NAC in reducing radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) should be verified by further in vivo studies. OBJECTIVES Radiation-induced SNHL is a common complication after radiotherapy of head and neck tumours. There is growing evidence to suggest that ROS play an important role in apoptotic cochlear cell death from ototoxicity, resulting in SNHL. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of L-NAC, an antioxidant, on radiation-induced apoptosis in cochlear cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OC-k3 cochlear cell line was studied after 0 and 20 Gy of gamma-irradiation. Cell viability assay was performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were done with and without the addition of 10 mmol/L of L-NAC. Intracellular generation of ROS was detected by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, with comparisons made using fluorescence intensity. RESULTS L-NAC increased the viability of cells after irradiation. Generation of ROS was demonstrated at 1 h post-irradiation and was significantly reduced by L-NAC (p<0.0001). Flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed cell apoptosis at 72 h post-irradiation, which was diminished by the addition of L-NAC.
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