1
|
Alotaibi BS, El-Masry TA, Selim H, El-Bouseary MM, El-Sheekh MM, Makhlof MEM, El-Nagar MMF. New insights into the anticancer effects of Polycladia crinita aqueous extract and its selenium nanoformulation against the solid Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice via VEGF, notch 1, NF-кB, cyclin D1, and caspase 3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345516. [PMID: 38469406 PMCID: PMC10926956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Phaeophyceae species are enticing interest among researchers working in the nanotechnology discipline, because of their diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor. In the present study, the anti-cancer properties of Polycladia crinita extract and green synthesized Polycladia crinita selenium nanoparticles (PCSeNPs) against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) were investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy examinations of Polycladia crinita were determined and various analytical procedures, such as SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD, were employed to characterize the biosynthesized PCSeNPs. In vitro, the anticancer activity of free Polycladia crinita and PCSeNPs was evaluated using the viability assay against MDA-MB-231, and also cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry was determined. Furthermore, to study the possible mechanisms behind the in vivo anti-tumor action, mice bearing SEC were randomly allocated into six equal groups (n = 6). Group 1: Tumor control group, group 2: free SeNPs, group 3: 25 mg/kg Polycladia crinita, group 4: 50 mg/kg Polycladia crinita, group 5: 25 mg/kg PCSeNPs, group 6: 50 mg/kg PCSeNPs. Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy examinations of Polycladia crinita extract exposed the presence of many bioactive compounds, such as 4-Octadecenoic acid-methyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, and n-Hexadecenoic acid. These compounds together with other compounds found, might work in concert to encourage the development of anti-tumor activities. Polycladia crinita extract and PCSeNPs were shown to inhibit cancer cell viability and early cell cycle arrest. Concentrations of 50 mg/kg of PCSeNPs showed suppression of COX-2, NF-кB, VEGF, ki-67, Notch 1, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Otherwise, showed amplification of the caspase 3, BAX, and P53 protein levels. Moreover, gene expression of caspase 3, caspase 9, Notch 1, cyclin D1, NF-кB, IL-6, and VEGF was significantly more effective with PCSeNPs than similar doses of free extract. Conclusion: The PCSeNPs mediated their promising anti-cancerous action by enhancing apoptosis and mitigating inflammation, which manifested in promoting the total survival rate and the tumor volume decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hend Selim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mofida E. M. Makhlof
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maysa M. F. El-Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalampounias G, Gardeli C, Alexis S, Anagnostopoulou E, Androutsopoulou T, Dritsas P, Aggelis G, Papanikolaou S, Katsoris P. Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) from Cunninghamella elegans Grown on Glycerol Induce Cell Death and Increase Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:130. [PMID: 38392802 PMCID: PMC10890652 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cunninghamella elegans NRRL-1393 is an oleaginous fungus able to synthesize and accumulate unsaturated fatty acids, amongst which the bioactive gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has potential anti-cancer activities. C. elegans was cultured in shake-flask nitrogen-limited media with either glycerol or glucose (both at ≈60 g/L) employed as the sole substrate. The assimilation rate of both substrates was similar, as the total biomass production reached 13.0-13.5 g/L, c. 350 h after inoculation (for both instances, c. 27-29 g/L of substrate were consumed). Lipid production was slightly higher on glycerol-based media, compared to the growth on glucose (≈8.4 g/L vs. ≈7.0 g/L). Lipids from C. elegans grown on glycerol, containing c. 9.5% w/w of GLA, were transformed into fatty acid lithium salts (FALS), and their effects were assessed on both human normal and cancerous cell lines. The FALS exhibited cytotoxic effects within a 48 h interval with an IC50 of about 60 μg/mL. Additionally, a suppression of migration was shown, as a significant elevation of oxidative stress levels, and the induction of cell death. Elementary differences between normal and cancer cells were not shown, indicating a generic mode of action; however, oxidative stress level augmentation may increase susceptibility to anticancer drugs, improving chemotherapy effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kalampounias
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrysavgi Gardeli
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Alexis
- Hematology Division, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Elena Anagnostopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodosia Androutsopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dritsas
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Aggelis
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsoris
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pettersen CHH, Samdal H, Sætrom P, Wibe A, Hermansen E, Schønberg SA. The Salmon Oil OmeGo Reduces Viability of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Potentiates the Anti-Cancer Effect of 5-FU. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:636. [PMID: 38132957 PMCID: PMC10744414 DOI: 10.3390/md21120636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. Chemotherapy is toxic to normal cells, and combinatory treatment with natural well-tolerated products is being explored. Some omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and marine fish oils have anti-cancer effects on CRC cells. The salmon oil OmeGo (Hofseth BioCare) contains a spectrum of fatty acids, including the n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosahexaenoic acid (EPA). We explored a potential anti-cancer effect of OmeGo on the four CRC cell lines DLD-1, HCT-8, LS411N, and LS513, alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Screening indicated a time- and dose-dependent effect of OmeGo on the viability of the DLD-1 and LS513 CRC cell lines. Treatment with 5-FU and OmeGo (IC20-IC30) alone indicated a significant reduction in viability. A combinatory treatment with OmeGo and 5-FU resulted in a further reduction in viability in DLD-1 and LS513 cells. Treatment of CRC cells with DHA + EPA in a concentration corresponding to the content in OmeGo alone or combined with 5-FU significantly reduced viability of all four CRC cell lines tested. The lowest concentration of OmeGo reduced viability to a higher degree both alone and in combination with 5-FU compared to the corresponding concentrations of DHA + EPA in three of the cell lines. Results suggest that a combination of OmeGo and 5-FU could have a potential as an alternative anti-cancer therapy for patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. H. Pettersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Hofseth BioCare, Kipervikgata 13, 6003 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Helle Samdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Bioinformatics Core Facility—BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Wibe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Svanhild A. Schønberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (H.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Montecillo-Aguado M, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Huerta-Yepez S. The Involvement of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Apoptosis Mechanisms and Their Implications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11691. [PMID: 37511450 PMCID: PMC10380946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global public health issue and, despite advancements in detection and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Cancer is a complex disease characterized by various hallmarks, including dysregulation in apoptotic cell death pathways. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that efficiently eliminates damaged cells. Several studies have indicated the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in apoptosis, including omega-3 PUFAs such as alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. However, the role of omega-6 PUFAs, such as linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, in apoptosis is controversial, with some studies supporting their activation of apoptosis and others suggesting inhibition. These PUFAs are essential fatty acids, and Western populations today have a high consumption rate of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs. This review focuses on presenting the diverse molecular mechanisms evidence in both in vitro and in vivo models, to help clarify the controversial involvement of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in apoptosis mechanisms in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Belen Tirado-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mannully CT, Bruck-Haimson R, Zacharia A, Orih P, Shehadeh A, Saidemberg D, Kogan NM, Alfandary S, Serruya R, Dagan A, Petit I, Moussaieff A. Lipid desaturation regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in mouse blastocyst-derived stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1027. [PMID: 36477438 PMCID: PMC9729213 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, both shown in multiple studies to be regulated by metabolic processes. To decipher metabolic signatures of self-renewal in blastocyst-derived stem cells, we compared early differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their extra-embryonic counterparts, trophoblast (T)SCs to their self-renewing counterparts. A metabolomics analysis pointed to the desaturation of fatty acyl chains as a metabolic signature of differentiating blastocyst-derived SCs via the upregulation of delta-6 desaturase (D6D; FADS2) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D; FADS1), key enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The inhibition of D6D or D5D by specific inhibitors or SiRNA retained stemness in ESCs and TSCs, and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis. D6D inhibition in ESCs upregulated stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1), essential to maintain ER homeostasis. In TSCs, however, D6D inhibition downregulated Scd1. TSCs show higher Scd1 mRNA expression and high levels of monounsaturated fatty acyl chain products in comparison to ESCs. The addition of oleic acid, the product of Scd1 (essential for ESCs), to culture medium, was detrimental to TSCs. Interestingly, TSCs express a high molecular mass variant of Scd1 protein, hardly expressed by ESCs. Taken together, our data suggest that lipid desaturation is a metabolic regulator of the balance between differentiation and self-renewal of ESCs and TSCs. They point to lipid polydesaturation as a driver of differentiation in both cell types. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), essential for ESCs are detrimental to TSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Thomas Mannully
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Bruck-Haimson
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anish Zacharia
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Orih
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alaa Shehadeh
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Saidemberg
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Natalya M. Kogan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivan Alfandary
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raphael Serruya
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Dagan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isabelle Petit
- grid.465261.20000 0004 1793 5929Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Arieh Moussaieff
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biswas P, Datta C, Rathi P, Bhattacharjee A. Fatty acids and their lipid mediators in the induction of cellular apoptosis in cancer cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106637. [PMID: 35341977 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through enzymes like lipoxygenases (LOXs) are common and often leads to the production of various bioactive lipids that are important both in acute inflammation and its resolution and thus in disease progression. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) has shown to be crucial in the context of inflammation. Moreover, being expressed in cells of the immune system, as well as in epithelial cells; the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. Mounting evidences from recent reports suggest that 15-LOX has anti-cancer activities which are dependent or independent of its metabolites, and is executed through several downstream pathways like cGMP, PPAR, p53, p21 and NAG-1. However, it is still unclear whether the up-regulation of 15-LOX is associated with cancer cell apoptosis. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), on the other hand, is a mitochondrial flavoenzyme which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammation and in many other neurological disorders. MAO-A has also been reported as a potential therapeutic target in different types of cancers like prostate cancer, lung cancer etc. In this review, we discussed about the role of fatty acids and their lipid mediators in cancer cell apoptosis. Here we particularly focused on the contribution of oxidative enzymes like 15-LOX and MAO-A in mediating apoptosis in lung cancer cell after fatty acid induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandreyee Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Parul Rathi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Montecillo-Aguado M, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Antonio-Andres G, Morales-Martinez M, Tong Z, Yang J, Hammock BD, Hernandez-Pando R, Huerta-Yepez S. Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Tumor Aggressiveness in Experimental Lung Cancer Model: Important Role of Oxylipins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6179. [PMID: 35682855 PMCID: PMC9181584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death worldwide; it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and bears poor prognosis. It has been shown that diet is an important environmental factor that contributes to the risk and mortality of several types of cancers. Intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs plays an important role in cancer risk and progression. Current Western populations have high consumption of ω-6 PUFAs with a ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs at 15:1 to 16.7:1 This high consumption of ω-6 PUFAs is related to increased cancer risk and progression. However, whether a diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs can contribute to tumor aggressiveness has not been well investigated. We used a murine model of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma to study the aggressiveness of tumors in mice fed with a diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs and its relationship with oxylipins. Our results shown that the mice fed a diet rich in ω-6 showed a marked increase in proliferation, angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory markers and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in their tumors. Oxylipin profiling revealed an upregulation of various pro-tumoral oxylipins including PGs, HETEs, DiHETrEs and HODEs. These results demonstrate for the first time that high intake of ω-6 PUFAs in the diet enhances the malignancy of tumor cells by histological changes on tumor dedifferentiation and increases cell proliferation, angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory oxylipins and molecular aggressiveness targets such as NF-κB p65, YY1, COX-2 and TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Belen Tirado-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Gabriela Antonio-Andres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Mario Morales-Martinez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Zhen Tong
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program and Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Y.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Y.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Rogelio Hernandez-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran (INCNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alqalshy EM, Ibrahim AM, Abdel-Hafiz AAS, Kamal KAER, Alazzazi MA, Omar MR, Abdel-Wahab AS, Mohammed SS. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid as a chemopreventive agent on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100558. [PMID: 35443225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study was directed to investigate the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a chemopreventive agent on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we used 40 Syrian male hamsters, five weeks old, were divided into 4 groups (GI, GII, GIII, and GIV) of 10 animals in each as follows, GI: Topical application of liquid paraffin alone (thrice a week for 14 weeks), GII: Topical application of 7, 12 dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) alone (0.5% in liquid paraffin, thrice a week for 14 weeks), GIII: Topical application of DMBA (0.5% in liquid paraffin, thrice a week for 14 weeks) + Oral administration of DHA (125 mg/kg b.w. in 1 ml distilled water by oral gavage, thrice a week for 14 weeks on alternative days of DMBA application), GIV: Oral administration of DHA alone (125 mg/kg b.w. in 1 ml distilled water by oral gavage, thrice a week for 14 weeks). RESULTS Gross observations and histopathological findings revealed that, in GI: normal stratified squamous epithelium, in GII: well and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in GIII: variable results ranges from hyperkeratosis, hyperkeratosis and focal hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, and well differentiated SCC with superficial invasion of tumor cells not extended to deeper areas, while in GIV: normal similar to GI. Immunohistochemical results indicated that oral DHA treatment to DMBA treated hamsters restored the normal expression of bcl-2. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that DHA has the potential to be a dietary chemopreventive agent due to its capacity to improve carcinogen detoxification and to block/suppress the initiation and promotion stages of experimentally produced HBP carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Boys-Cairo), AL- Azhar University, Basic Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Deraya University, New Miya, Minya, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Magdy Alabasiry Alazzazi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Boys-Cairo), AL- Azhar University, Egypt; Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aditya A, Li Y, Biswas D. Antagonistic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acids of Lactobacillus casei against Foodborne Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. J Food Prot 2022; 85:712-719. [PMID: 35113991 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Probiotics in fermented foods or commercially available supplements benefit the host by providing metabolites and peptides. The production of these metabolites varies with the available substrates or prebiotics present in the system and their concentration. In this study, 0.5% peanut flour (PF) was used to stimulate the growth and production of metabolites of wild-type Lactobacillus casei (LCwt) and compare with an engineered L. casei (LCCLA) capable of converting a higher amount of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The total extracellular metabolites present in the cell-free cultural supernatant (CFCS) of LCwt (without peanut), LCwt+PF (with peanut), and LCCLA were collected after 24 and 48 h of incubation, and their antagonistic activities against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC EDL933) growth and pathogenesis were evaluated. All collected metabolites exhibited varying efficiency in restraining EHEC EDL933 growth, whereas supplementing a low concentration of CLA to the 48-h CFCS from LCwt showed augmented antagonism toward EHEC EDL933. A downregulation of key virulence genes was observed from metabolites collected at the 48-h time point. These observations indicate that the presence of metabolites in CFCSs-including CLA, which is produced by Lactobacillus and was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-plays a critical role. This study demonstrates the potential applicability of Lactobacillus-originated CLA in the prevention of EHEC EDL933-mediated illnesses. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Aditya
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Centre for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bilyk O, Hamedi B, Dutta I, Newell M, Bukhari AB, Gamper AM, McVea RC, Liu J, Schueler J, Siegers GM, Field CJ, Postovit LM. Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Inhibition of Tumor Cell Growth in Preclinical Models of Ovarian Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1431-1445. [PMID: 34286635 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong rationale for investigating nutritional interventions with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cancer prevention and therapy; however, the effects of DHA on ovarian cancer (OC) have not been well studied. Here, we investigated if DHA alone and in combination with carboplatin reduces OC cell growth in vitro. In vivo, we used a high-grade serous OC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model to investigate if DHA affects OC growth and enhances the anticancer actions of carboplatin. We showed synergistic cell killing by DHA and carboplatin in DHA-resistant Kuramochi and SKOV3 OC cells, which corresponded with increased DHA incorporation into whole-cell membrane phospholipids (P < 0.05). In vivo, feeding mice a diet supplemented with 3.9% (w/w of fat) DHA resulted in a significant reduction in PDX growth with and without carboplatin (P < 0.05). This reduction in tumor growth was accompanied by an increased tumor necrotic region (P < 0.05) and improved survival. Plasma membranes in tumors and livers excised from mice fed a DHA diet had ∼ twofold increase in DHA incorporation as compared with mice fed a control diet. Our findings indicate that DHA supplementation reduces cancer cell growth and enhances the efficacy of carboplatin in preclinical models of OC through increased apoptosis and necrosis.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1952453.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Bilyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bahareh Hamedi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Indrani Dutta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amirali B Bukhari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Armin M Gamper
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rojine C McVea
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabrielle M Siegers
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Experimental Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tabashsum Z, Peng M, Alvarado-Martinez Z, Aditya A, Bhatti J, Romo PB, Young A, Biswas D. Competitive reduction of poultry-borne enteric bacterial pathogens in chicken gut with bioactive Lactobacillus casei. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16259. [PMID: 33004922 PMCID: PMC7530658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of sustainable probiotics on Campylobacter jejuni colonization and gut microbiome composition was evaluated using chicken as a model organism. Chickens were given Lactobacillus casei over-expressing myosin-cross-reactive antigen (LC+mcra). LC+mcra can generate bioactive compounds in larger quantity including conjugated linoleic acid. A total of 120 chickens were used in duplicate trials to investigate the effectiveness of LC+mcra in decreasing C. jejuni colonization by means of kanamycin resistant strain compared to the control group. We observed that LC+mcra can efficiently colonize various parts of the chicken gut and competitively reduce colonization of natural and challenged C. jejuni and natural Salmonella enterica. LC+mcra was found to reduce C. jejuni colonization in cecum, ileum and jejunum, by more than one log CFU/g when compared to the no-probiotic control group. Furthermore, 16S rRNA compositional analysis revealed lower abundance of Proteobacteria, higher abundance of Firmicutes, along with enriched bacterial genus diversity in gut of LC+mcra fed chicken. Decreased contamination of drinking water by C. jejuni and S. enterica was also observed, suggesting a potential function of reducing horizontal transfer of enteric bacteria in poultry. Outcomes of this study reveal high potential of LC+mcra as sustainable approach to decrease colonization of C. jejuni and S. enterica in poultry gut along with other beneficial attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Arpita Aditya
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jacob Bhatti
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Paulina Bravo Romo
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alana Young
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
González-Fernández MJ, Ortea I, Guil-Guerrero JL. α-Linolenic and γ-linolenic acids exercise differential antitumor effects on HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:474-483. [PMID: 32905142 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and γ-gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that improve the human health. The present study focused on testing the in vitro antitumor actions of pure ALA and GLA on the HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell line. Cell viability was checked by MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, cell membrane damage by the lactate dehydrogenase assay, apoptosis was tested by both caspase-3 activity trial and transmission electron microscopy images, and protein composition was analyzed by quantitative proteomics analysis. MTT test revealed IC50 values of 230 and 255 μM for ALA and GLA, respectively, at 72 h. After 24 h of incubation, both ALA and GLA induced apoptosis on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells according to the caspase-3 assay and microscopy images. SWATH/MS analysis evidenced that ALA significantly affected the mitochondrial protein import pathway and the citric acid cycle pathway, while GLA did not significantly affect any particular pathway. In summary, both ALA and GLA showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on HT-29 cells viability and induced cell death by apoptosis. ALA significantly affected cellular pathways, while GLA does not have specific actions on either pathway. Both n-3 and n-6 C18 PUFA are bioactive food components useful in the colorectal cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz 11009, Spain
| | - José Luis Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120 Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Z, Yan B, Gao F, Li Q, Meng X, Chen P, Zhou L, Deng W, Li C, Xu W, Han S, Feng H, Li Y, Chen J, Yin Z, Liao C, Tse HF, Xu A, Lian Q. PSCs Reveal PUFA-Provoked Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Node Potentiating RPE Degeneration in Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2642-2661. [PMID: 32755565 PMCID: PMC7704739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an incurable retinal disorder caused by the polypeptide 2 of cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily V (CYP4V2) mutations. Patients with BCD present degeneration of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and consequent blindness. The lack of appropriate disease models and patients’ RPE cells limits our understanding of the pathological mechanism of RPE degeneration. In this study, using CYP4V2 mutant pluripotent stem cells as disease models, we demonstrated that RPE cells with CYP4V2 mutations presented a disrupted fatty acid homeostasis, which were characterized with excessive accumulation of poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), including arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The PUFA overload increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial respiratory functions, and triggered mitochondrial stress-activated p53-independent apoptosis in CYP4V2 mutant RPE cells. Restoration of the mutant CYP4V2 using adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) can effectively reduce PUFA deposition, alleviate mitochondria oxidative stresses, and rescue RPE cell death in BCD RPE cells. Taken together, our results highlight a role of PUFA-induced mitochondrial damage as a central node to potentiate RPE degeneration in BCD patients. AAV2-mediated gene therapy may represent a feasible strategy for the treatment of BCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Li
- Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohong Meng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhengqin Yin
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pentadecanoic Acid, an Odd-Chain Fatty Acid, Suppresses the Stemness of MCF-7/SC Human Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells through JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061663. [PMID: 32503225 PMCID: PMC7352840 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids possess few health benefits compared to unsaturated fatty acids. However, increasing experimental evidence demonstrates the nutritionally beneficial role of odd-chain saturated fatty acids in human health. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of pentadecanoic acid were evaluated in human breast carcinoma MCF-7/stem-like cells (SC), a cell line with greater mobility, invasiveness, and cancer stem cell properties compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. Pentadecanoic acid exerted selective cytotoxic effects in MCF-7/SC compared to in the parental cells. Moreover, pentadecanoic acid reduced the stemness of MCF-7/SC and suppressed the migratory and invasive ability of MCF-7/SC as evidenced by the results of flow cytometry, a mammosphere formation assay, an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assay, and Western blot experiments conducted to analyze the expression of cancer stem cell markers—CD44, β-catenin, MDR1, and MRP1—and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers—snail, slug, MMP9, and MMP2. In addition, pentadecanoic acid suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced JAK2/STAT3 signaling, induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase, and promoted caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7/SC. These findings indicate that pentadecanoic acid can serve as a novel JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor in breast cancer cells and suggest the beneficial effects of pentadecanoic acid-rich food intake during breast cancer treatments.
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu Y, Qin Z, Ma J, Cao W, Zhang P. Recent progress in nanotechnology based ferroptotic therapies for clinical applications. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173198. [PMID: 32473167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new iron and reactive oxygen species dependent programmed cell death process which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. It is closely related to a number of disease progression including cancers, neurodegenerative disease, cerebral hemorrhage, liver disease, and renal failure. The development of different ferroptotic inducers has been proved as an efficient therapeutic strategy for a variety of chemoradiotherapy-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells. In addition, the development of ferroptotic inhibitors is also becoming an emerging research hotspot for the treatment of many non-cancerous diseases. Furthermore, the combination of nanotechnology with ferroptotic therapies has exhibited additional advantages such as enhanced targeting and/or stimuli-responsive ability to tumor microenvironment, ameliorated drug solubility, ease of preparation and the integration of multifunctional theranostic platforms to develop synergetic combined therapies of great clinical importance. This paper reviews the latest advances of using tailored ferroptotic nanoparticles and ferroptotic molecular probes to be relevant for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of this burgeoning field were spotlighted to promote the rational design of nano-ferroptotic drugs or theranostic probes in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Zhuo Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518003, PR China
| | - Weiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jóźwiak M, Filipowska A, Fiorino F, Struga M. Anticancer activities of fatty acids and their heterocyclic derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172937. [PMID: 31958454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy relies on the premise that rapidly proliferating cancer cells are more likely to be killed by a cytotoxic agent, but in reality, the long-standing problem of chemotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific treatments. Apart from the impact on tumor cells, the drugs' major limitation is their severe adverse side effects on normal cells and tissues. Nutritional and epidemiological studies have indicated that cancer progression is correlated with the consumption of fatty acids, but the exact mechanisms still remain unknown. In the first part of our review, we discussed the beneficial effects of free fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) on the progress of carcinogenesis in different tumor cell lines. We presented various mechanisms proposed in the literature, which explain the possible impact on the cells metabolism. The second part describes modifications of different fatty acids with existing anticancer drugs and heterocyclic moieties by condensation reactions. Such conjugations increased the tissue selectivity and made chemotherapy potentially more effective and less toxic in in vivo and in vitro studies. This fatty acid modifications, which change the activity of compounds, their uptake selectivity and alter drug delivery methods, may be the key to unlocking true medical potential of fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jóźwiak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipowska
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Universita di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ashfaq W, Rehman K, Siddique MI, Khan QAA. Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil and Their Role in Cancer Research. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1686761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wardah Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Ameer ud Din Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christan College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siddique
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurrat-Al-Ain Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The way cancer cells utilize nutrients to support their growth and proliferation is determined by cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic factors, including interactions with the environment. These interactions can define therapeutic vulnerabilities and impact the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Diet-mediated changes in whole-body metabolism and systemic nutrient availability can affect the environment that cancer cells are exposed to within tumours, and a better understanding of how diet modulates nutrient availability and utilization by cancer cells is needed. How diet impacts cancer outcomes is also of great interest to patients, yet clear evidence for how diet interacts with therapy and impacts tumour growth is lacking. Here we propose an experimental framework to probe the connections between diet and cancer metabolism. We examine how dietary factors may affect tumour growth by altering the access to and utilization of nutrients by cancer cells. Our growing understanding of how certain cancer types respond to various diets, how diet impacts cancer cell metabolism to mediate these responses and whether dietary interventions may constitute new therapeutic opportunities will begin to provide guidance on how best to use diet and nutrition to manage cancer in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Serini S, Cassano R, Trombino S, Calviello G. Nanomedicine-based formulations containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: potential application in cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2809-2828. [PMID: 31114196 PMCID: PMC6488162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s197499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are dietary factors involved in the prevention of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. A multidisciplinary approach – based on recent findings in nutritional science, lipid biochemistry, biotechnology, and biology of inflammation and cancer – has been recently employed to develop ω-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations with an aim to protect these fatty acids from degradation, increase their bioavailability and delivery to target tissues, and, thus, enhance their bioactivity. In some cases, these nanoformulations were designed to administer ω-3 PUFAs in combination with other nutraceuticals or conventional/innovative drugs. The aim of this strategy was to increase the activities of the compounds contained in the nanoformulation and to reduce the adverse effects often induced by drugs. We herein analyze the results of papers evaluating the potential use of ω-3 PUFA-containing nanomaterials in fighting cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Future directions in this field of research are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Seo SH, Park SE, Kim EJ, Youn D, Lee YM, Lee SY, Bok SH, Park DH, Seo CS, Byun SH, Jun KY, Kim DS, Na CS, Son HS. GC/MS-Based Metabolomics Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Jackyakgamcho-Tang on Acute Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4572764. [PMID: 30800169 PMCID: PMC6360583 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4572764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Jackyakgamcho-tang (JGT) on acute colitis. GC/MS-based metabolomics and NGS-based metagenomics were applied to investigate the alteration of metabolites and microbiota in an acute colitis model. The severity of acute colitis symptoms was alleviated by JGT treatment. Induction of colitis and JGT treatment changed compositions of gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6). They also substantially change metabolites (i.e., lactic acid, linoleic acid, monostearin, and palmitoylglycerol). In addition, some clear correlations were observed among metabolites, cytokine, and microbiota. This study highlights the applicability of metabolomics and metagenomics study for evaluating anti-inflammatory effects of a new functional herbal medicine as a therapeutic agent for acute colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Seo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Youn
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Bok
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Jun
- Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju 55316, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju 55316, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bazhan D, Khaniani MS. Supplementation with omega fatty acids increases the mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:1176-1183. [PMID: 30603139 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many lines of evidence suggest that arachidonic acid (AA)-based eicosanoid signaling pathway involved in development and progression of human cancers. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2α) encoded by the PLA2G4A gene acts as an upstream regulator of eicosanoid signaling pathway through providing intracellular AA. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of omega fatty acids on mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and to assess the possible relation between its expression and clinicopathological features. Methods According to treatment strategy, 34 chemotherapy-naive patients were randomly divided into two groups including, treatment group I (17 subjects received cisplatin alone) and treatment group II (17 individuals received cisplatin plus omega fatty acids) in a double-blind manner. The gastric biopsies specimens were taken from subjects before and after treatment and then mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR procedure. Results The expression of the PLA2G4A gene at the protein level in the gastric biopsies samples was also determined by immunohistochemistry. Our findings revealed a significantly up-regulated expression of PLA2G4A mRNA in treatment group II after receiving cisplatin plus omega fatty acid compared to before treatment (P=0.003). In treatment group I, there was no significant difference in mRNA expression levels of PLA2G4A before and after treatment (P=0.790). We also found that mRNA expression of PLA2G4A in treatment group II was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.007) and familial history (P=0.006). Conclusions This study provides evidence that supplementation with omega fatty acids increases the mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with GC and may be crucial in guarding the cell from transformation and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donya Bazhan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peng M, Tabashsum Z, Patel P, Bernhardt C, Biswas D. Linoleic Acids Overproducing Lactobacillus casei Limits Growth, Survival, and Virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2663. [PMID: 30443248 PMCID: PMC6223203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria, are biologic agents which limit the growth, virulence, and survival/colonization of various enteric bacterial pathogens and serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Mechanisms that contribute to this antimicrobial effect include producing bioactive metabolites/acids, increasing nutrient and receptor-mediated competition, and modulating gut microbiome ecology. However, these functions of common probiotic strains are limited due to the finite quantity of metabolites they produce and their total number in the gut ecosystem. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), critical metabolites of Lactobacillus, have multiple beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-pathogenicity. In this study, we aim to overexpress the myosin cross-reactive antigen gene (mcra) in Lactobacillus casei (LC) to enhance the production of CLA and investigate its effectiveness against enteric bacterial pathogens, specifically Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). By inserting mcra in L. casei, we generated LC-CLA and found the total linoleic acid production by an individual bacterial cell was raised by 21-fold. The adherence ability of LC-CLA on human epithelial cells increased significantly and LC-CLA competitively excluded both ST and EHEC in a mixed-culture condition. Furthermore, LC-CLA significantly altered the physicochemical properties, biofilm formation abilities, interactions with host cells of both ST and EHEC, and triggered anti-inflammatory activities of host cells. These findings offer insights on applying a genetically engineered probiotic to control gut intestinal infections caused by ST and EHEC and prevent foodborne enteric illness in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Puja Patel
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Cassandra Bernhardt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Danford CJ, Yao ZM, Jiang ZG. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:389-400. [PMID: 30355853 PMCID: PMC6283828 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the key challenges in NAFLD is identifying which patients will progress. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate a strong pattern of heritability that may explain some of the variability in NAFLD phenotype and risk of progression. To date, at least three common genetic variants in the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR genes have been robustly linked to NAFLD in the population. The function of these genes revealed novel pathways implicated in both the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition, candidate genes previously implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis have also been identified as determinants or modulators of NAFLD phenotype including genes involved in hepatocellular lipid handling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. This article will review the current understanding of the genetics underpinning the development of hepatic steatosis and the progression of NASH. These newly acquired insights may transform our strategy to risk-stratify patients with NAFLD and to identify new potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Danford
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ze-Min Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lettieri-Barbato D, Aquilano K. Pushing the Limits of Cancer Therapy: The Nutrient Game. Front Oncol 2018; 8:148. [PMID: 29868472 PMCID: PMC5951973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combination, which are generally associated with a multitude of side effects ranging from discomfort to the development of secondary tumors and severe toxicity to multiple systems including immune system. Mounting evidence has highlighted that the fine-tuning of nutrients may selectively sensitize cancer cells to conventional cancer therapies, while simultaneously protecting normal cells from their side effects. Nutrient modulation through diet also improves cancer immunesurveillance in a way that severe immunosuppression could be avoided or even the immune response or immune-based cancer therapies be potentiated also through patient microbiota remodeling. Here, we review recent advances in cancer therapy focusing on the effects of adjuvant dietary interventions (e.g., ketogenic diets, fasting) on the metabolic pathways within cancer cells and tumor environment (e.g., microbiota, immune system, tumor microenvironment) that are involved in cancer progression and resistance as well as cancer cell death. Finally, based on the overall literature data, we designed a nutritional intervention consisting in a plant-based moderate ketogenic diet that could be exploited for future preclinical research in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Y, Yang X, Wang T, Yang L, He YY, Miskimins K, Qian SY. Knockdown delta-5-desaturase in breast cancer cells that overexpress COX-2 results in inhibition of growth, migration and invasion via a dihomo-γ-linolenic acid peroxidation dependent mechanism. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:330. [PMID: 29587668 PMCID: PMC5870477 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible COX form, is a bi-functional membrane-bound enzyme that typically metabolizes arachidonic acid (downstream ω-6 fatty acid) to form 2-series of prostaglandins known to be involved in cancer development. Overexpression of COX-2 has been found in a majority of breast carcinomas, and has also been associated with increased severity and the development of the metastasis. Our lab recently demonstrated that COX-2 can also metabolize dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, a precursor of ω-6 arachidonic acid) to produce an anti-cancer byproduct, 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA) that can inhibit growth and migration of colon and pancreatic cancer cells. We thus tested whether our strategy of knocking down delta-5-desaturase (D5D, the key enzyme that converts DGLA to arachidonic acid) in breast cancer cells overexpressing COX-2 can also be used to promote 8-HOA formation, thereby suppressing cancer growth, migration, and invasion. METHODS SiRNA and shRNA transfection were used to knock down D5D expression in MDA-MB 231 and 4 T1 cells (human and mouse breast cancer cell lines expressing high COX-2, respectively). Colony formation assay, FITC Annexin V/PI double staining, wound healing and transwell assay were used to assess the effect of our strategy on inhibition of cancer growth, migration, and invasion. GC/MS was used to measure endogenous 8-HOA, and western blotting was performed to evaluate the altered key protein expressions upon the treatments. RESULTS We demonstrated that D5D knockdown licenses DGLA to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells via promoting formation of 8-HOA that can inhibit histone deacetylase and activate cell apoptotic proteins, such as procaspase 9 and PARP. Our strategy can also significantly inhibit cancer migration and invasion, associated with altered expression of MMP-2/- 9, E-cadherin, vimentin and snail. In addition, D5D knockdown and DGLA supplementation greatly enhanced the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil on breast cancer growth and migration. CONCLUSIONS Consistent to our previous studies on colon and pancreatic cancer, here we demonstrate again that the high level of COX-2 in breast cancer cells can be capitalized on inhibiting cancer growth and migration. The outcome of this translational research could guide us to develop new anti-cancer strategy and/or to improve current chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Keith Miskimins
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104 USA
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jin H, Yan C, Xiao T, Yan N, Xu J, Zhou L, Zhou X, Shao Q, Xia S. High fish oil diet promotes liver inflammation and activates the complement system. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6852-6858. [PMID: 29512716 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) fish oil (FO) have beneficial effects in obesity‑associated metabolic disease. However, contradictory roles in inflammatory disease intervention have been reported. Our previous work revealed that a high‑FO diet promoted myeloid cell differentiation by modifying the bone marrow microenvironment; however, its effects on liver inflammation and complement system activation remain unknown. By performing ELISA, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and histology on mice fed with high‑FO and low‑fat diets, the present study demonstrated that a 4‑week high‑FO diet promoted liver inflammation in mice without affecting body or liver weight. The livers of high‑FO diet mice exhibited increased infiltration of T cells and CD11b+ Gr‑1+ myeloid cells. Additionally, a higher level of IL‑1β and MCP‑1 mRNA expression was detected, suggesting that the high‑FO diet promoted liver inflammation. Further experiments indicated that the high‑FO diet increased the total hemolytic complement activity (CH50), promoted the production of the membrane attack complex and increased the levels of various complement proteins in vivo, including complement components C3, C4b, C1qb and factor B. Furthermore, higher concentrations of triglyceride were detected in the peripheral blood of high‑FO diet mice, indicating the potential protective roles of n‑3 PUFAs in FO against lipotoxicity in hyperlipidemia. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that high FO intake induced inflammation and activated the complement system in the liver. However, further study is required to determine the exact mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Omega-3 PUFA Loaded in Resveratrol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Properties and Antineoplastic Activities in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020586. [PMID: 29462928 PMCID: PMC5855808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies are being investigated to ameliorate the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of the drugs currently used in colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies in the Western world. Data have been accumulated demonstrating that the antineoplastic therapies with either conventional or single-targeted drugs could take advantage from a combined treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). These nutrients, shown to be safe at the dosage generally used in human trials, are able to modulate molecules involved in colon cancer cell growth and survival. They have also the potential to act against inflammation, which plays a critical role in CRC development, and to increase the anti-cancer immune response. In the present study, omega-3 PUFA were encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) having a lipid matrix containing resveratrol esterified to stearic acid. Our aim was to increase the efficiency of the incorporation of these fatty acids into the cells and prevent their peroxidation and degradation. The Resveratrol-based SLN were characterized and investigated for their antioxidant activity. It was observed that the encapsulation of omega-3 PUFA into the SLN enhanced significantly their incorporation in human HT-29 CRC cells in vitro, and their growth inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, mainly by reducing cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lim HW, Bernstein DE. Risk Factors for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Including Genetics. Clin Liver Dis 2018; 22:39-57. [PMID: 29128060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This trend is, in part, secondary, to the growing incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Other risk factors include age, gender, race/ethnicity, genetic predisposition, and polycystic ovarian disease. With the introduction of genome-wide association studies, genetic mutations contributing to inherited susceptibility to steatosis have been identified, which hold keys to future improvement in diagnosis and management. This article expands on the aforementioned risk factors and summarizes the current available data on genetic and environmental factors associated with this common entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Wen Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - David E Bernstein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Center for Liver Diseases, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Time-Dependently Reduce Cell Viability and Oncogenic MicroRNA-21 Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010244. [PMID: 29342901 PMCID: PMC5796192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and its metabolites, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), independently reduce the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro, but the mechanisms, which may involve microRNA (miRNA), are still unclear. The expression of the oncomiR, miR-21, is reduced by DHA treatment, but the effects of ALA on miR-21, alone or combined with EPA and DHA under physiologically relevant concentrations, have not been investigated. The effects of ALA alone and +/-EPA and DHA at the blood molar ratios seen in either humans (1.0:1.0:2.5, ALA:EPA:DHA) or mice (1.0:0.4:3.1, ALA:EPA:DHA) post flaxseed oil consumption (containing ALA) were assessed in vitro in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell viability and the expression of miR-21 and its molecular target, phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN, gene and protein), at different time points, were examined. At 1, 3, 48 and 96 h ALA alone and 24 h animal ratio treatments significantly reduced MCF-7 cell viability, while 1 and 3 h ALA alone and human and animal ratio treatments all significantly reduced miR-21 expression, and 24 h animal ratio treatment reduced miR-21 expression; these effects were not associated with changes in PTEN gene or protein expressions. We showed for the first time that ALA alone or combined with EPA and DHA at levels seen in human and animal blood post-ALA consumption can significantly reduce cell viability and modulate miR-21 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with the animal ratio containing higher DHA having a greater effect. The time dependency of miR-21 effects suggests the significance of considering time as a variable in miRNA studies, particularly of miR-21.
Collapse
|
31
|
Protective Effects of ω-3 PUFA in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122689. [PMID: 29231904 PMCID: PMC5751291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) may exert a beneficial role as adjuvants in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Particularly, several in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have shown the antitumor activity of ω-3 PUFA in different kinds of cancers, and several human studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA are able to decrease the risk of a series of cardiovascular diseases. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain their pleiotropic beneficial effects. ω-3 PUFA have also been shown to prevent harmful side-effects (including cardiotoxicity and heart failure) induced by conventional and innovative anti-cancer drugs in both animals and patients. The available literature regarding the possible protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms involved, will be critically discussed herein. The study will analyze the critical role of different levels of ω-3 PUFA intake in determining the results of the combinatory studies with anthracyclines. Suggestions for future research will also be considered.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sam MR, Esmaeillou M, Sam S, Shokrgozar MA. Fish-oil-derived eicosapentaenoic acid decreases survivin expression and induces wt-p53 accumulation with caspase-3 activation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:714-724. [PMID: 28920465 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117730879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in modulating wild-type (wt) p53 and survivin are associated with a resistant disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Yet, no wt-p53 and survivin modulating drugs have been approved for clinical application in ALL. Here, we investigated if in vitro eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations equal to human plasma levels are able to target wt-p53 and survivin. METHODS Wt-p53 Molt-4 cells (ALL cell line) were treated with 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM of EPA after which cell number, viability, proliferation rate, survivin expression, wt-p53 accumulation, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS After 48- and 72-h treatments with EPA at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 µM, cell proliferation rates were measured to be 71.5-32.6% and 68.2-13.7% and metabolic activities were measured to be 77-44% and 71-26%, respectively. Treatment with 50-200 µM of EPA for 48 h resulted in 14.1-74.6% and 69.5-45.5% decreases in survivin mRNA and protein levels, respectively. EPA induced 1.3-6 and 1.9-20-fold increases in caspase-3 activation and wt-p53 accumulation, respectively. Increase in wt-p53/survivin and caspase-3/survivin ratios from 1 in untreated cells to 20.3 and 5.8 was measured for 150 µM of EPA. Low necrotic rates ranging from 0.3% to 2.8% and an increase in the number of total apoptotic cells (early + late) ranging from 9.8% to 81% were also observed with increasing EPA concentrations. CONCLUSION EPA induces strongly wt-p53 with a remarkable decrease in survivin expression, representing an attractive compound to modulate wt-p53 and survivin in ALL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Sam
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M Esmaeillou
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - S Sam
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M A Shokrgozar
- 2 National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fasano E, Serini S, Cittadini A, Calviello G. Long-chain n-3 PUFA against breast and prostate cancer: Which are the appropriate doses for intervention studies in animals and humans? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2245-2262. [PMID: 25897862 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.850060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential antineoplastic effect of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) remains a highly controversial issue. Numerous animal studies have supported the anticancer role of these dietary fatty acids, whereas conflicting results have been obtained in population studies, and only a few intervention human trials have been so far performed. In view of the possibility that the anticancer effects may be maximally observed within a defined range of EPA and DHA doses, herein we critically review the results and doses used in both animal studies and human clinical trials focusing on the possible n-3 PUFA protective effects against breast and prostate cancer. Our main aim is to identify the EPA and/or DHA ranges of doses needed to obtain clear anticancer effects. This may be of great help in designing future animal studies, and also in understanding the most appropriate dose for further human intervention studies. Moreover, since the healthy effects of these fatty acids have been strictly related to their increased incorporation in plasma and tissue lipids, we also examine and discuss the incorporation changes following the administration of the effective anticancer EPA and/or DHA doses in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fasano
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Simona Serini
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Achille Cittadini
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- a Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica S. Cuore , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thabet K, Chan HLY, Petta S, Mangia A, Berg T, Boonstra A, Brouwer WP, Abate ML, Wong VWS, Nazmy M, Fischer J, Liddle C, George J, Eslam M. The membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 variant rs641738 increases inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2017; 65:1840-1850. [PMID: 28109005 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by hepatic inflammation that promotes progression to cirrhosis and predisposes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Subtle interindividual genetic variation as well as viral and environmental factors interact to determine disease progression between individuals. Recently, the rs641738 membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) polymorphism was demonstrated to influence histological liver damage in alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis C, but no data are available for CHB. We evaluated rs641738 influence on disease severity in a cohort of 1,101 patients with CHB. Forty-two patients underwent gene expression analysis to assess the functional consequences of rs641738 on hepatic MBOAT7 expression. The minor allele (T) of rs641738 was associated with greater inflammation (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.95; P = 0.001) and fibrosis (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.19-1.92; P = 0.01). Risk allele frequency in whites (0.43) was greater than in Chinese (0.24), translating to a larger size effect in the former. The rs641738 (T) allele was associated with lower hepatic MBOAT7 expression (P = 0.008), and the latter was associated with serum liver enzymes and inflammation. Neither patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 rs738409 nor transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 rs58542926 polymorphisms influenced disease severity. CONCLUSION In patients with CHB, MBOAT7 rs641738 influences hepatic inflammation and fibrosis stage. (Hepatology 2017;65:1840-1850).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Thabet
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Henry Lik Yuen Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Division of Hepatology, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem P Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Lorena Abate
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Maiiada Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Janett Fischer
- Section of Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Valdes S, Naguib YW, Finch RA, Baze WB, Jolly CA, Cui Z. Preclinical Evaluation of the Short-Term Toxicity of 4-(N)-Docosahexaenoyl 2´, 2´- Difluorodeoxycytidine (DHA-dFdC). Pharm Res 2017; 34:1224-1232. [PMID: 28352993 PMCID: PMC5488709 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to test the short-term toxicity of DHA-dFdC in a mouse model and its efficacy in a mouse model of leukemia at or below its repeat-dose maximum tolerated dose (RD-MTD). METHOD A repeat-dose dose-ranging toxicity study was designed to determine the tolerability of DHA-dFdC when administered to DBA/2 mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection on a repeat-dose schedule (i.e. injections on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 13). In order to determine the effect of a lethal dose of DHA-dFdC, mice were injected i.v. with three doses of DHA-dFdC at 100 mg/kg on days 0, 3, and 5 (i.e. a lethal-RD). The body weight of mice was recorded two or three times a week. At the end of the study, major organs (i.e. heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, lung, and pancreas) of mice that received the lethal-RD or RD-MTD were weighed, and blood samples were collected for analyses. Finally, DHA-dFdC was i.v. injected into DBA/2 mice with syngeneic L1210 mouse leukemia cells to evaluate its efficacy at or below RD-MTD. RESULTS The RD-MTD of DHA-dFdC is 50 mg/kg. At 100 mg/kg, a lethal-RD, DHA-dFdC decreases the weights of mouse spleen and liver and significantly affected certain blood parameters (i.e. white blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophil segmented). At or below its RD-MTD, DHA-dFdC significantly prolonged the survival of L1210 leukemia-bearing mice. CONCLUSION DHA-dFdC has dose-dependent toxicity, affecting mainly spleen at a lethal-RD. At or below its RD-MTD, DHA-dFdC is effective against leukemia in a mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange Valdes
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Rick A Finch
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, 78602, USA
| | - Wallace B Baze
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, 78602, USA
| | - Christopher A Jolly
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shaikh S, Channa NA, Talpur FN, Younis M, Tabassum N. Radiotherapy improves serum fatty acids and lipid profile in breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:92. [PMID: 28521812 PMCID: PMC5437547 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a disease with diverse clinical symptoms, molecular profiles, and its nature to response its therapeutic treatments. Radiotherapy (RT), along with surgery and chemotherapy is a part of treatment in breast cancer. The aim of present study was to investigate pre and post treatment effects of radiotherapy in serum fatty acids and its lipids profile in patients with breast cancer. Methods In this comparative as well as follow up study, Serum fatty acids were performed by gas chromatography to investigate fatty acids and Microlab for analysis of lipid profile. Results Among serum free and total fatty acids the major saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in serum lipids of breast cancer patients (pre and post treated) were stearic acid (18:0) and palmitic acid (16:0). These fatty acids contributed about 35-50% of total fatty acids. The decreased concentrations of linoleic acid (C18:2) and arachidonic acid (C20:4) with a lower ratio of C18:2/C18:1 was found in pretreated breast cancer patients as compared to controls. The n-3/n-6 ratio of breast cancer patients was decreased before treatment but it was 35% increased after treatment. In addition, plasma activity of D6 desaturase was increased in the breast cancer patients, while the activity of D5 desaturase was decreased. Increased levels of SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels in breast cancer patients (pre and post treated) as compared to controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC) (224.4 mg/dL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (142.9 mg/dL) were significantly increased in pretreated breast cancer patients but after the radiotherapy treatment, the TC (150.2 mg/dL) and LDL-C (89.8 mg/dL) were decreased. Conclusion It seems that RT would have played a potential role in the treatment of BC. After RT the serum levels of PUFAs, TC, and LDL-C are improved. Our study reinforces the important role of RT in the management of BC. The level of PUFAs, TC, and LDL-C can be used as the biomarkers for early diagnosis in individuals with risk of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0481-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Shaikh
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | | | - Farha Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younis
- The key Laboratory of Development Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Naila Tabassum
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun Y, Jia X, Hou L, Liu X, Gao Q. Involvement of apoptotic pathways in docosahexaenoic acid-induced benefit in prostate cancer: Pathway-focused gene expression analysis using RT 2 Profile PCR Array System. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:59. [PMID: 28330470 PMCID: PMC5363041 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Present study aimed to better understand the potential apoptotic pathways that involved in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Methods Human prostate cancer DU145 cells were treated with different concentrations of fish oil, omega-3 PUFA (DHA, and Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), or omega-6 PUFA (Arachidonic acid, AA). Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and Hoechst staining. Pathway-focused gene expression profiling of DU145 cells was analyzed with the RT2 Profile PCR Array System. The results were verified by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results AA exposure showed no obvious effect on viability of DU145 cells. However, exposure with fish oil, EPA, or DHA for 24 h significantly affected cell viability. The growth inhibition of DHA was more pronounced than that of EPA and showed a time-dependent increase. DHA exposure caused typical apoptotic characteristics. Ten genes were more expressed, while 5 genes were less expressed following DHA exposure. RT-qPCR confirmed the time dependent effect of DHA on the expression of these differentially expressed genes. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DHA may induce the apoptosis of cancer cells preferentially through mediating P53, MAPK, TNF, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the beneficial action of DHA on human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145. The pro-apoptotic effect of DHA on DU145 cells may involve mediation various pathways, especially P53, MAPK, TNF, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Molecular mechanisms of DHA on apoptosis of cancer cells still need to be further clarified. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0442-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang, 050082, China
| | - Xiaopeng Jia
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Lianguo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Section II, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food hygiene, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Global Changes in Lipid Profiles of Mouse Cortex, Hippocampus, and Hypothalamus Upon p53 Knockout. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36510. [PMID: 27819311 PMCID: PMC5098149 DOI: 10.1038/srep36510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive lipidomic profiling in three different brain tissues (cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus) of mouse with p53 deficiency was performed by nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) and the profile was compared with that of the wild type. p53 gene is a well-known tumour suppressor that prevents genome mutations that can cause cancers. More than 300 lipids (among 455 identified species), including phospholipids (PLs), sphingolipids, ceramides (Cers), and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were quantitatively analysed by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) of nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nUPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Among the three different neural tissues, hypothalamus demonstrated the most evident lipid profile changes upon p53 knockout. Alterations of PLs containing acyl chains of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid (highly enriched polyunsaturated fatty acids in the nervous system) were examined in relation to cell apoptosis upon p53 knockout. Comparison between sphingomyelins (SMs) and Cers showed that the conversion of SM to Cer did not effectively progress in the hypothalamus, resulting in the accumulation of SMs, possibly due to the inhibition of apoptosis caused by the lack of p53. Furthermore, TAGs were considerably decreased only in the hypothalamus, indicative of lipolysis that led to substantial weight loss of adipose tissue and muscles.
Collapse
|
40
|
González-Bengtsson A, Asadi A, Gao H, Dahlman-Wright K, Jacobsson A. Estrogen Enhances the Expression of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Elongase Elovl2 via ERα in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164241. [PMID: 27788154 PMCID: PMC5082882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the first-line targeted adjuvant therapy for hormone-sensitive breast cancer. In view of the potential anticancer property of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) together with chemotherapy in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive mammary tumors, we have explored the regulation by estradiol of the fatty acid desaturation and elongation enzymes involved in DHA synthesis in the human breast cancer cell line MCF7, which expresses ERα but not ERβ. We demonstrate a robust up-regulation in the expression of the fatty acid elongases Elovl2 and Elovl5 upon estradiol stimulation in MCF7 cells, which was sustained for more than 24 hours. Exposure with the ER inhibitor tamoxifen abolished specifically the Elovl2 but not the Elovl5 expression. Similarly, knock-down of ERα eliminated almost fully the Elovl2 but not the Elovl5 expression. Furthermore, ERα binds to one specific ERE within the Elovl2 enhancer in a ligand dependent manner. The involvement of ERα in the control of especially Elovl2, which plays a crucial role in DHA synthesis, may have potential implications in the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda González-Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abolfazl Asadi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Apoptosis, and Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081257. [PMID: 27527148 PMCID: PMC5000655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet contains low amounts of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and high amounts of ω-6 PUFAs, which has been reported to contribute to the incidence of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ω-3 PUFAs reduced the risk of colon, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. The ω-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), shows anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis of some human cancer cells without toxicity against normal cells. DHA induces oxidative stress and oxidative DNA adduct formation by depleting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and decreasing the mitochondrial function of cancer cells. Oxidative DNA damage and DNA strand breaks activate DNA damage responses to repair the damaged DNA. However, excessive DNA damage beyond the capacity of the DNA repair processes may initiate apoptotic signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. DHA shows a variable inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth depending on the cells’ molecular properties and degree of malignancy. It has been shown to affect DNA repair processes including DNA-dependent protein kinases and mismatch repair in cancer cells. Moreover, DHA enhanced the efficacy of anticancer drugs by increasing drug uptake and suppressing survival pathways in cancer cells. In this review, DHA-induced oxidative DNA damage, apoptotic signaling, and enhancement of chemosensitivity in cancer cells will be discussed based on recent studies.
Collapse
|
42
|
Peng M, Biswas D. Short chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids in host gut health and foodborne bacterial pathogen inhibition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 57:3987-4002. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1203286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Biological Sciences Program Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Biological Sciences Program Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sharma G, Rani I, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Apoptosis-Mediated Chemoprevention by Different Ratios of Fish Oil in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:220-30. [PMID: 27191482 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1183023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in prevention of colon cancer. In the present study, different ratios of fish oil and corn oil increased Fas expression in both phases and a decrease in FasL expression only in post initiation phase. Treatment with fish oil activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by increasing Bax expression and Cyt c release and decreasing Bcl-2 levels in both phases. This suggests that intrinsic pathway is upregulated by fish oil; however, Fas-FasL activity may be involved in inhibition of reversal of immune surveillance in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Sharma
- a Department of Biochemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Isha Rani
- a Department of Biochemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- a Department of Biochemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Considerable debate exists regarding the potential antineoplastic effect of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA contained in fatty fishes. Since the majority of published data has proven that their intake does not induce toxic or carcinogenic effects in humans, their possible preventive use against cancer has been suggested. On the other hand, it is unlikely that they could be effective in cancer patients as a single therapy. Nevertheless, a considerable effort has been put forth in recent years to evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA might improve the antineoplastic efficiency of currently used anticancer agents. The rationale for this therapeutic combinatory strategy is trying to increase cancer sensitivity to conventional therapies. This could allow the use of lower drug/radiation doses and, thereby, a reduction in the detrimental health effects associated with these treatments. We will here critically examine the studies that have investigated this possibility, by focusing particularly on the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effect of these combined treatments. A possible use of n-3 PUFA in combination with the innovative single-targeted anti-cancer therapies, that often are not completely devoid of dangerous side-effects, is also suggested.
Collapse
|
45
|
Serini S, Ottes Vasconcelos R, Fasano E, Calviello G. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression and M2 macrophage polarization as new potential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid targets in colon inflammation and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:843-58. [PMID: 26781478 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1139085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has become increasingly clear that dietary habits may affect the risk/progression of chronic diseases with a pathogenic inflammatory component, such as colorectal cancer. Considerable attention has been directed toward the ability of nutritional agents to target key molecular pathways involved in these inflammatory-related diseases. AREAS COVERED ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their oxidative metabolites have attracted considerable interest as possible anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, especially in areas such as the large bowel, where the influence of orally introduced substances is high and tumors show deranged PUFA patterns. On this basis, we have analyzed pre-clinical findings that have recently revealed new insight into the molecular pathways targeted by ω-3 PUFA. EXPERT OPINION The findings analyzed herein demonstrate that ω-3 PUFA may exert beneficial effects by targeting the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and altering M2 macrophage polarization during the inflammatory response. These mechanisms need to be better explored in the large bowel, and further studies could better clarify their role and the potential of dietary interventions with ω-3 PUFA in the large bowel. The epigenomic mechanism is discussed in view of the potential of ω-3 PUFA to enhance the efficacy of other agents used in the therapy of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- a Institute of General Pathology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Renata Ottes Vasconcelos
- a Institute of General Pathology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy.,b Institute of Biological Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Elena Fasano
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Medical Oncology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- a Institute of General Pathology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang Y, He C, Qiu L, Wang Y, Qin X, Liu Y, Li Z. Serum Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids: A Potential Biomarker Panel for Early-Stage Detection of Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:477-83. [PMID: 26918062 PMCID: PMC4749369 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To screen biomarkers to differentiate early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) from benign colorectal disease (BCD) and healthy controls. Materials & Methods: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of C16:1, C18:3, C18:2, C18:1, C20:4, and C22:6 in 185 healthy controls, 55 patients with BCD, and 139 patients with CRC was performed. Comparisons of their levels in between CRC patients, BCD patients, and healthy controls were performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Serum levels of C16:1, C18:3, C18:2, C18:1, C20:4, and C22:6 in CRC patients were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls and BCD patients. A combination of C16:1, C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6 has excellent diagnostic performance to differentiate early-stage CRC patients from healthy controls plus BCD patients, with an AUC of 0.926, a sensitivity of 84.6%, and a specificity of 89.8%. Conclusions: Serum levels of C16:1, C18:2, C20:4, and C22:6 could be diagnostic indicators of early-stage CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan He
- 2. Clinical Lab Diagnosis, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- 3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- 4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Xuzhen Qin
- 3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Li
- 1. Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications for Multi-Targeted Cancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020015. [PMID: 26821053 PMCID: PMC4773771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease worldwide. Despite progress in cancer therapy, conventional cytotoxic therapies lead to unsatisfactory long-term survival, mainly related to development of drug resistance by tumor cells and toxicity towards normal cells. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can exert anti-neoplastic activity by inducing apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. Indeed, n-3 PUFAs potentially increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to conventional therapies, possibly improving their efficacy especially against cancers resistant to treatment. Moreover, in contrast to traditional therapies, n-3 PUFAs appear to cause selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells with little or no toxicity on normal cells. This review focuses on studies investigating the cytotoxic activity of n-3 PUFAs against cancer cells via apoptosis, analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying this effective and selective activity. Here, we highlight the multiple molecules potentially targeted by n-3 PUFAs to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. This analysis can allow a better comprehension of the potential cytotoxic therapeutic role of n-3 PUFAs against cancer, providing specific information and support to design future pre-clinical and clinical studies for a better use of n-3 PUFAs in cancer therapy, mainly combinational therapy.
Collapse
|
48
|
Emulsions Made of Oils from Seeds of GM Flax Protect V79 Cells against Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7510759. [PMID: 26779302 PMCID: PMC4686677 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7510759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and hydrophilic phenolic compounds are components of flax oil that act as antioxidants. We investigated the impact of flax oil from transgenic flax in the form of emulsions on stressed Chinese hamster pulmonary fibroblasts. We found that the emulsions protect V79 cells against the H2O2 and the effect is dose dependent. They reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and protected genomic DNA against damage. The rate of cell proliferation increased upon treatment with the emulsions at a low concentration, while at a high concentration it decreased significantly, accompanied by increased frequency of apoptotic cell death. Expression analysis of selected genes revealed the upregulatory impact of the emulsions on the histones, acetylases, and deacetylases. Expression of apoptotic, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory genes was also altered. It is thus suggested that flax oil emulsions might be useful as a basis for biomedical products that actively protect cells against inflammation and degeneration. The beneficial effect on fibroblast resistance to oxidative damage was superior in the emulsion made of oil from transgenic plants which was correlated with the quantity of antioxidants and squalene. The emulsions from transgenic flax are promising candidates for skin protection against oxidative damage.
Collapse
|
49
|
Stimulation of PPARα normalizes the skin lipid ratio and improves the skin barrier of normal and filaggrin deficient reconstructed skin. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 80:102-10. [PMID: 26472199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis mostly address the symptoms but causal therapies are still missing. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists exert beneficial effects in patients suffering this disease, whereas the stimulation of PPARα and γ seemed most promising. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the effects of the PPARα specific agonist WY14643, the PPARγ agonist ciglitazone, and the dual PPARα+γ agonist docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the homeostasis and barrier function of filaggrin deficient skin. METHODS The effects of the PPAR agonists on skin differentiation were evaluated via qPCR, Western blot, histological or immunofluorescence staining. Skin lipid organization was determined by ATR-FTIR and lipid composition was analyzed by HPTLC. Ultimately, the skin barrier function was assessed by skin absorption studies using the radioactively labeled compound testosterone. RESULTS Significant upregulation of filaggrin after DHA and WY14643 supplementation, but no effect of ciglitazone, on protein and mRNA level was detected. DHA and WY14643, but not ciglitazone, normalized the molar ratio of the main skin barrier lipids to 1:1:1 (free fatty acids:ceramides:cholesterol). Furthermore, DHA and WY14643 supplementation normalized the skin lipid profile in filaggrin deficient skin, but only WY14643 significantly improved the skin barrier function. CONCLUSION Supplementation particularly with the PPARα agonist WY14643 improved the homeostasis and barrier function of filaggrin deficient skin models by normalization of the free fatty acid profile underlining the potential of PPAR agonists for the treatment of filaggrin-associated skin diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zajdel A, Wilczok A, Tarkowski M. Toxic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human lung A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:486-91. [PMID: 26381084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) are crucial for the prevention of lung cancer. PUFAs may act through alteration of membrane fluidity and cell surface receptor functions; modulation of cyclooxygenase activity; and increased cellular oxidative stress, which may induce apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore the aim of the study was to investigate whether EPA and DHA (25-100 μM) are able to reduce human lung cancer cell growth through oxidative stress influence on autophagy and apoptosis. It was found that both EPA and DHA in the concentration-dependent manner suppressed the cell viability, enhanced cell death, induced activation of caspase-3/7 and potentiated intracellular oxidative DNA and protein damage. In response to PUFAs intracellular autophagic vacuolization occurred and the observed effect was reverted when the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was applied. The inhibition of the autophagic process enhanced the cell viability, suppressed cell death, and decreased activation of caspase-3/7 indicating that EPA and DHA-induced autophagy amplified A549 apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Zajdel
- Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Adam Wilczok
- Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michał Tarkowski
- Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|