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Gulia S, Chandra P, Das A. Combating anoikis resistance: bioactive compounds transforming prostate cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:687-697. [PMID: 38743565 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to discuss the challenges associated with treating prostate cancer (PCa), which is known for its complexity and drug resistance. It attempts to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as those linked to anoikis resistance and circulating tumor cells, in PCa samples. This study involves analyzing the functional roles of these DEGs using gene enrichment analysis, and then screening of 102 bioactive compounds to identify a combination that can control the expression of the identified DEGs. In this study, 53 DEGs were identified from PCa samples including anoikis-resistant PCa cells and circulating tumor cells in PCa. Gene enrichment analysis with regards to functional enrichment of DEGs was performed. An inclusive screening process was carried out among 102 bioactive compounds to identify a combination capable of affecting and regulating the expression of selected DEGs. Eventually, gastrodin, nitidine chloride, chenodeoxycholic acid, and bilobalide were selected, as their combination demonstrated ability to modulate expression of 50 out of the 53 genes targeted. The subsequent analysis focused on investigating the biological pathways and processes influenced by this combination. The findings revealed a multifaceted and multidimensional approach to tumor regression. The combination of bioactive compounds exhibited effects on various genes including those related to production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The current study has made a valuable contribution to the development of a combination of bioactive natural compounds that can significantly impede the development of treatment resistance in prostate tumor while countering the tumors' evasion of the immune system. The implications of this study are highly significant as it suggests the creation of an enhanced immunotherapeutic, natural therapeutic concoction with combinatorial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gulia
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Chummun Phul I, Gómez-Llonín A, Bhaw-Luximon A. From traditional medicine to nanomedicine: potential of Ginkgo biloba extracts in treating inflammatory skin diseases. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2643-2656. [PMID: 39149101 PMCID: PMC11324057 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of plant extracts as a potential cure for various conditions has moved from traditional medicine to evidence-based medicine. Skin diseases have been addressed since time immemorial using plant extracts through observational and traditional knowledge and passed on through generations. With the advent of modern techniques, the molecular mechanisms of action of plant extracts/isolates are being deciphered with more precision, and more nanomedicine-based therapies are being studied to improve their therapeutic efficacy and stability. The leaves and seeds of Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba), an ancient medicinal tree species, have been used in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. G. biloba extracts have been widely studied as a neuroprotective and anti-ischaemic drug for ischaemia-reperfusion injuries in the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, and other organs. However, the use of G. biloba can be accompanied with side effects and drug interactions. Although, there is now a growing interest for its use in skincare, the mechanisms of action of the extract are not fully understood and vital aspects of G. biloba, such as its neuroprotective and angiogenic properties contributing to the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and skin ageing, are yet to be investigated. This review critically discusses the mechanisms of action of different constituents of G. biloba extracts linked to their potential interference in the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. In addition to its ability to act on oxidative stress, G. biloba can regulate angiogenesis through its compounds such as ginkgetin or ginkgolide K, which either inhibit aberrant angiogenesis in eczema/psoriasis or increase microcirculation during skin ageing. G. biloba may also contribute to the control of pruritus in atopic dermatitis via a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanism by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathways. This review also highlights nanomedicine strategies to decrease the side effects and enhance the efficacy of the extracts. Similar strategies have been successfully used for anticancer molecules in targeted chemotherapy and iron delivery in anaemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itisha Chummun Phul
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius 80837 Réduit Mauritius
| | - Andrea Gómez-Llonín
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius 80837 Réduit Mauritius
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius 80837 Réduit Mauritius
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Ding Y, Chen Q. Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116938. [PMID: 38878684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling central nervous system injury. Its complex pathological mechanism can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction. It has been reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process and neuronal recovery mechanism of SCI. Such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to reports, various stimuli and cytokines activate these signaling pathways related to SCI pathology, thereby participating in the regulation of pathological processes such as inflammation response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation after injury. Activation or inhibition of relevant pathways can delay inflammatory response, reduce neuronal apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, improve the microenvironment after SCI, and promote neural function recovery. Based on the role of signaling pathways in SCI, they may be potential targets for the treatment of SCI. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and its inhibitors may be beneficial to the development of SCI therapeutic targets and new drugs. This paper mainly summarizes the pathophysiological process of SCI, the signaling pathways involved in SCI pathogenesis, and the potential role of specific inhibitors/activators in its treatment. In addition, this review also discusses the deficiencies and defects of signaling pathways in SCI research. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for future research on signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCI and provide theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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Mao S, Yao J, Zhang T, Zhang X, Tan W, Li C. Bilobalide attenuates lipopolysaccharide‑induced HepG2 cell injury by inhibiting TLR4‑NF‑κB signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:24. [PMID: 38125341 PMCID: PMC10728898 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathological process underlying a number of liver diseases. Bilobalide (BB) is a natural compound from Ginkgo biloba leaves that was recently demonstrated to exert hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress in the liver cancer cell line HepG2. The anti-inflammatory activity of BB has been reported in recent studies. The major objective of the present study was to investigate whether BB could attenuate inflammation-associated cell damage. HepG2 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and BB, and cell damage was evaluated by measuring cell viability using MTT assay. The activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the levels of IκBα, NF-κB p65, phosphorylated (p)-IκBα, p-p65, p65 DNA-binding activity and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. A toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitor (CLI-095) was used to detect the involvement of TLR4 in cell injury caused by LPS. In addition, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was applied to explore the involvement of the PI3K/Akt axis in mediating the effects of BB. The results demonstrated that LPS induced HepG2 cell injury. LPS also elevated the levels of p-IκBα, p-p65, p65 DNA-binding activity and inflammatory cytokines. However, CLI-095 significantly attenuated the LPS-induced cell damage and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling. BB also dose-dependently attenuated the LPS-induced cell damage, activation of NF-κB signaling and TLR4 overexpression. Furthermore, it was observed that LY294002 diminished the cytoprotective effects of BB on cell injury, TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation. These findings indicated that BB could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory injury to HepG2 cells by regulating TLR4-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Kaifaqu Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264006, P.R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Chengde Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Zang R, Ling F, Wu Z, Sun J, Yang L, Lv Z, Ji N. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb-761) confers neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by augmenting autophagic/lysosomal signaling pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578101. [PMID: 37536050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb-761) is well-recognized to have neuroprotective properties. Meanwhile, autophagy machinery is extensively involved in the pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke. The EGb-761 is widely used in the clinical treatment of stroke patients. However, its neuroprotective mechanisms against ischemic stroke are still not fully understood. The present study was conducted to uncover whether the pharmacological effects of EGb-761 can be executed by modulation of the autophagic/lysosomal signaling axis. A Sprague-Dawley rat model of ischemic stroke was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. The EGb-761 was then administered to the MCAO rats once daily for a total of 7 days. Thereafter, the penumbral tissues were acquired to detect proteins involved in the autophagic/lysosomal pathway including Beclin1, LC-3, SQSTM1/p62, ubiquitin, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D by western blot and immunofluorescence, respectively. Subsequently, the therapeutic outcomes were evaluated by measuring the infarct volume, neurological deficits, and neuron survival. The results showed that the autophagic activities of Beclin1 and LC3-II in neurons were markedly promoted by 7 days of EGb-761 therapy. Meanwhile, the autophagic cargoes of insoluble p62 and ubiquitinated proteins were effectively degraded by EGb-761-augmented lysosomal activity of cathepsin B and cathepsin D. Moreover, the infarction size, neurological deficiencies, and neuron death were also substantially attenuated by EGb-761 therapy. Taken together, our study suggests that EGb-761 exerts a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke by promoting autophagic/lysosomal signaling in neurons at the penumbra. Thus, it might be a new therapeutic target for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zang
- Department of Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated with Western Medicine, Zhaotong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Fayang Ling
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic, Zhaotong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Emergency, Zhaotong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Licong Yang
- Department of Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated with Western Medicine, Zhaotong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Zuyin Lv
- Department of Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated with Western Medicine, Zhaotong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Nengbo Ji
- Pain Management, Zhaotong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 26, Unity Road, Zhaotong, City, Yunnan Province, 657000, China.
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Bu S, Xiong A, Yang Z, Aissa-Brahim F, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Cao F. Bilobalide Induces Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Mature Adipocytes through ROS-Mediated Mitochondria Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:6410. [PMID: 37687239 PMCID: PMC10489643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilobalide exhibits numerous beneficial bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Our previous study demonstrated that bilobalide inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity was found to be specific to the mature adipocytes only, indicating the potential for regulating apoptosis in them. Herein, we aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of bilobalide on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms thereof. Flow cytometry analysis (FACS) revealed the pro-apoptotic effects of bilobalide on these cells. Bilobalide induced early apoptosis by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). DNA fragmentation was confirmed using TUNEL staining. Additionally, bilobalide increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activities of Caspases 3/9. Pre-treatment with NAC (an ROS scavenger) confirmed the role of ROS in inducing apoptosis. Moreover, bilobalide up- and down-regulated the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, respectively, at the mRNA and protein expression levels; upregulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; triggered the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria; and increased the protein expression of cleaved Caspase 3, cleaved Caspase 9, and PARP cleavage. These results support the conclusion that bilobalide induces apoptosis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and offers potential novel treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Anran Xiong
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhiying Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Faycal Aissa-Brahim
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yichun Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Xunyong Zhou
- HC Enzyme (Shenzhen) Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518001, China;
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Abstract
Yang J, Shao X, Wang L, et al. Angelica polysaccharide exhibits antitumor effect in neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y by up-regulation of miR-205. BioFactors. 2023;49:201. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1586 This article, published online on 23 November 2019 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Editor in Chief (Dr. Angelo Azzi), and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party. Evidence for image manipulation was found in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. As a result, the conclusions of this article are considered to be invalid.
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Arthur R, Navik U, Kumar P. Repurposing artemisinins as neuroprotective agents: a focus on the PI3k/Akt signalling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:593-605. [PMID: 36464748 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives, since their discovery by professor Tu Youyou in the early 1970s, have been the bedrock for the management of malaria globally. Recent works have implied that they could be used to manage other diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders mainly occur in the adult population resulting from a progressive deterioration of neuronal structures. These include Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS), among others. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a significant role in the central nervous system. It has been investigated extensively for its role in central nervous system physiological processes such as cell survival, autophagy, neuronal proliferation, and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, the modulation of this pathway will be crucial in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. This review seeks to compile most of the research findings on the possible neuroprotective role of artemisinins with special emphasis on their modulatory role on the PI3k/Akt pathway. A literature survey was conducted on PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and EMBASE using the keyword artemisinins, and a total of 10,281 articles were retrieved from 1956 to 2022. Among these, 120 articles were examined using Mesh words like PI3k/Akt, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation coupled with boolean operators. Most research revealed that artemisinins could help neurodegenerative disorders by modulating the PI3k/Akt with subsequent inhibition of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. This paper illustrates that artemisinins could be repurposed as a neuroprotective agent.
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Ma T, Chen H, Ruan H, Lv L, Yu Y, Jia L, Zhao J, Li X, Zang Y, Xu X, Zhang J, Gao L. Natural product, bilobalide, improves joint health in rabbits with osteoarthritis by anti-matrix degradation and antioxidant activities. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1034623. [PMID: 36337189 PMCID: PMC9631767 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1034623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disease reported in veterinary clinics that severely reduces the quality of life of animals. The natural product, bilobalide, has positive effects on chondroprotection but its exact mechanism of action is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-matrix degradation activities of bilobalide in a rabbit model of OA and its protective effects on joints. We also investigated the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. The rabbit OA model was established by intra-articular injection of 4% papain. Thirty healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, untreated OA, Cel (100 mg/kg celecoxib intervention as a positive control), BB-L and BB-H (40 mg /kg and 80 mg /kg bilobalide gavage treatment, respectively) groups. Two weeks after surgical induction, bilobalide or celecoxib was administered by gavage daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of bilobalide intervention, cartilage macroscopic observation and histopathological images showed alleviation of cartilage damage after bilobalide treatment, and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score was significantly lower than that in the OA group. Bilobalide reduced the expression of metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13 in cartilage tissue of OA rabbits and reversed the levels of serum C-telopeptides of type II collagen (CTX-II), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), interleukin 1(IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Bilobalide (80 mg/kg) could improve the biomechanical properties and microstructural changes in subchondral bone in the early stage of OA in rabbits, thereby delaying subchondral bone damage. Mechanistically, bilobalide exerted antioxidant and anti-matrix degradation effects by upregulating the oxidative stress signaling Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting cartilage degeneration in rabbit OA. We thus speculate that bilobalide supplements recovery from OA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongri Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangyu Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Zang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Animals Disease Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
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Xu B, Bai L, Chen L, Tong R, Feng Y, Shi J. Terpenoid natural products exert neuroprotection via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036506. [PMCID: PMC9606746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/Akt, an essential signaling pathway widely present in cells, has been shown to be relevant to neurological disorders. As an important class of natural products, terpenoids exist in large numbers and have diverse backbones, so they have a great chance to be identified as neuroprotective agents. In this review, we described and summarized recent research for a range of terpenoid natural products associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway by classifying their basic chemical structures of the terpenes, identified by electronic searches on PubMed, Web of Science for research, and Google Scholar websites. Only articles published in English were included. Our discussion here concerned 16 natural terpenoids and their mechanisms of action, the associated diseases, and the methods of experimentation used. We also reviewed the discovery of their chemical structures and their derivatives, and some compounds have been concluded for their structure–activity relationships (SAR). As a result, terpenoids are excellent candidates for research as natural neuroprotective agents, and our content will provide a stepping stone for further research into these natural products. It may be possible for more terpenoids to serve as neuroprotective agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Xu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
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Luo R, Wang Y, Guo Q, Fan C, Jiang G, Wang L, Zou M, Wang T, Sun Y, Peng X. Andrographolide attenuates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammation and apoptosis by the JAK/PI3K/AKT signal pathway in the chicken lungs and primary alveolar type II epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang X, Zhong W, Ma X, Zhang X, Chen H, Wang Z, Lou M. Ginkgolide With Intravenous Alteplase Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Improving Neurological Function: A Multicenter, Cluster-Randomized Trial (GIANT). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:792136. [PMID: 34925044 PMCID: PMC8681856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of Ginkgolide® treatment on neurological function in patients receiving intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Methods: This cluster randomized controlled trial included acute ischemic stroke patients in 24 centers randomized to intervention of intravenous Ginkgolide® or control group within the first 24 h after IV rt-PA therapy (IVT). Clinical outcome at 90 days was assessed with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and dichotomized into good outcome (0-2) and poor outcome (3-6). Hemorrhagic transformation represented the conversion of a bland infarction into an area of hemorrhage by computed tomography. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) was defined as cerebral hemorrhagic transformation in combination with clinical deterioration of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 points at 7-day or if the hemorrhage was likely to be the cause of the clinical deterioration. We performed logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching analysis to investigate the impact of Ginkgolide® treatment with IV rt-PA on good outcome, hemorrhagic transformation and sICH, respectively. Results: A total of 1113 patients were finally included and 513 (46.1%) were in the intervention group. Patients in the Ginkgolide® group were more likely to have good outcomes (78.6 vs. 66.7%, p < 0.01) and lower rate of sICH (0 vs. 2.72%, p < 0.01), compared with patients in the control group. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) for good outcome at 90 days was 0.033. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that treatment with Ginkgolide® was independently associated with 90-day mRS in patients with IV rt-PA therapy (OR 1.498; 95% CI 1.006-2.029, p = 0.009). After propensity score matching, conditional logistic regression showed intervention with Ginkgolide® was significantly associated with 90-day good outcome (OR 1.513; 95% CI 1.073-2.132, p = 0.018). No significant difference in hemorrhage transformation was seen between the 2 matched cohorts (OR 0.885; 95% CI 0.450-1.741, p = 0.724). Conclusion: Using Ginkgolide® within 24-hour after IV rt-PA is effective and safe and might be recommended in combination with rtPA therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03772847.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wansi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Haiyan People's Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Lu J, Xie L, Liu K, Zhang X, Wang X, Dai X, Liang Y, Cao Y, Li X. Bilobalide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6114-6130. [PMID: 34342079 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bilobalide is a natural sesquiterpene trilactone from Ginkgo biloba leaves. It has good water solubility and is widely used in food and pharmaceutical fields. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of bilobalide has been conducted and demonstrated that bilobalide possessed an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as neuroprotective, antioxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-ischemic, and cardiovascular protective activities. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that bilobalide may have the characteristics of rapid absorption, good bioavailability, wide distribution, and slow elimination. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety studies of bilobalide in the last decade with an emphasis on its neuroprotective and antiinflammatory activities, to provide researchers with the latest information and point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Li Y, Jiang J, Tong L, Gao T, Bai L, Xue Q, Xing J, Wang Q, Lyu H, Cai M, Sun Z. Bilobalide protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the MAPK/NF-휅B pathways in rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:449. [PMID: 32646398 PMCID: PMC7350583 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically, skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury is a life-threatening syndrome that is often caused by skeletal muscle damage and is characterized by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Bilobalide has been found to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is unclear whether bilobalide can protect skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods The effects of bilobalide on ischemia/reperfusion-injured skeletal muscle were investigated by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining and assessing the wet weight/dry weight ratio of muscle tissue. Then, we measured lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, Western blotting was conducted to examine the protein levels of MAPK/NF-휅B pathway members. Results Bilobalide treatment could protected hind limb skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the MAPK/NF-휅B pathways. Conclusions Bilobalide may be a promising drug for I/R-injured muscle tissue. However, the specific mechanisms for the protective effects still need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiliang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangcheng Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yulin First Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yulin, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuhuatai Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangwenxin Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Anhui Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Anti-aging Klotho Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against Amyloid β1-42 Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Wnt1/pCREB/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:19-27. [PMID: 32627121 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a prevalent neurological disorder with a neurodegenerative nature in elderly people. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation due to amyloid β (Aβ) peptides are strongly involved in AD pathogenesis. Klotho is an anti-aging protein with multiple protective effects that its deficiency is involved in development of age-related disorders. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of Klotho pretreatment at different concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 nM against Aβ1-42 toxicity at a concentration of 20 μM in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our findings showed that Klotho could significantly and partially restore cell viability and decrease reactive oxygen species (known as ROS) and improve superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in addition to reduction of caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation following Aβ1-42 challenge. In addition, exogenous Klotho also reduced inflammatory biomarkers consisting of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Aβ-exposed cells. Besides, Klotho caused downregulation of Wnt1 level, upregulation of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding (pCREB), and mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) with no significant alteration of epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCε) after Aβ toxicity. In summary, Klotho could alleviate apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in human neuroblastoma cells after Aβ challenge and its beneficial effect is partially exerted through appropriate modulation of Wnt1/pCREB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Feng Z, Sun Q, Chen W, Bai Y, Hu D, Xie X. The neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgolides and bilobalide in cerebral ischemic injury: a literature review. Mol Med 2019; 25:57. [PMID: 31864312 PMCID: PMC6925848 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of strokes have increased over the past three decades in China. Ischemic strokes can cause a sequence of detrimental events in patients, including increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, metabolic disturbance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuron death and apoptosis, and cognitive impairment. Thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and mechanical embolectomy with a retrievable stent are two recognized strategies to achieve reperfusion after a stroke. Nevertheless, rtPA has a narrow therapeutic timeframe, and mechanical embolectomy has limited rates of good neurological outcomes. EGb761 is a standardized and extensively studied extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The ginkgolides and bilobalide that constitute a critical part of EGb761 have demonstrated protective properties towards cerebral injury. Ginkgolides include Ginkgolide A (GA), Ginkgolide B (GB), Ginkgolide C (GC), Ginkgolide J (GJ), Ginkgolide K (GK), Ginkgolide L (GL), and Ginkgolide M (GM). This review seeks to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ginkgolides, especially GA and GB, and bilobalide in cerebral injury following ischemic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Feng
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daihua Hu
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, No.1 Donghuan 1st Road, Hanzhong, 732001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
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17
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Cao A, Li X. Bilobalide protects H9c2 cell from oxygen-glucose-deprivation-caused damage through upregulation of miR-27a. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2980-2988. [PMID: 31322008 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1640708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Myocardial ischemia is a troublesome disease. Bilobalide possesses multiple biological functions. We researched the consequents of bilobalide in OGD-irritated H9c2 cells. Methods: OGD-stimulated H9c2 cells were treated by bilobalide, and/or transfected with miR-27a inhibitor or negative control. Use CCK-8 and flow cytometry to test cell activity and apoptosis, respectively. Luciferase activity experiment was to test targeting link between miR-27a and Tmub1. Levels of cell-cycle and apoptosis relative proteins and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin related proteins were detected through western blot. Results: OGD stimulation reduced cell activity and negatively regulated the expression of CDK4, CDK6 and CyclinD1. Cell apoptosis was increased and its related proteins were affected by OGD. Bilobalide administration reversed all the results above caused by OGD. OGD negatively regulated miR-27a while bilobalide upregulated miR-27a. miR-27a's target gene was Tmub1. The protection consequents of bilobalide were suppressed when cells were transfected with a miR-27a inhibitor that cell activity was reduced and apoptosis was raised. Attenuation in the phosphorylation level of PI3K, AKT and β-catenin by OGD was reversed by bilobalide, whereas there were opposite results after transfected with miR-27a inhibitor. Conclusion: Bilobalide relieved OGD-caused H9c2 cell damage, raising cell activity and attenuating apoptosis via upregulating miR-27a and activating of PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Highlights Bilobalide alleviates OGD-induced H9c2 cell injury. Bilobalide upregulates miR-27a expression in OGD-stimulated H9c2 cells. Bilobalide alleviates cell injury by upregulation of miR-27a. Bilobalide actuates PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Cao
- a Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , China
| | - Xiangting Li
- a Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , China
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18
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Hao Y, Wang W, Wu D, Liu K, Sun Y. Retracted: Bilobalide alleviates tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced pancreatic beta‐cell MIN6 apoptosis and dysfunction through upregulation of miR‐153. Phytother Res 2019; 34:409-417. [PMID: 31667906 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- Department of EndocrinologyJining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyJining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Dong Wu
- Emergency DepartmentJining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Kai Liu
- Emergency DepartmentJinxiang People's Hospital Jining China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Department of EndocrinologyJining No.1 People's Hospital Jining China
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19
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Bilobalide Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193503. [PMID: 31569605 PMCID: PMC6804195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilobalide, the only sesquiterpene compound from Ginkgo biloba leaf, exhibits various beneficial pharmaceutical activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and protective effects for the central nervous system. Several bioactive components extracted from Ginkgo biloba extract reportedly have the potential to attenuate lipid metabolism. However, the effect of bilobalide on lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we used 3T3-L1 cells as the cell model to investigate the effect of bilobalide on adipogenesis. The results showed that bilobalide inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and intracellular lipid accumulation. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting results indicated that several specific adipogenic transcription factors and a few important adipogenesis-related genes were significantly down regulated on both mRNA and protein levels in bilobalide treatment groups. By contrast, the expression of some lipolytic genes, such as adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α, were all up-regulated by bilobalide treatment, and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and HSL were stimulated. Furthermore, bilobalide treatment partially restored AMPK activity following its blockade by compound C (dorsomorphin). These results suggested that bilobalide inhibited adipogenesis and promoted lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Hua J, Yin N, Xu S, Chen Q, Tao T, Zhang J, Ding J, Fan Y, Hu G. Enhancing the Astrocytic Clearance of Extracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates by Ginkgolides Attenuates Neural Cell Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1017-1028. [PMID: 31165943 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of aggregated forms of the α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the efficient clearance of aggregated α-Syn represents a potential approach in PD therapy. Astrocytes are the most numerous glia cells in the brain and play an essential role in supporting brain functions in PD state. In the present study, we demonstrated that cultured primary astrocytes engulfed and degraded extracellular aggregated recombinant human α-Syn. Meanwhile, we observed that the clearance of α-Syn by astrocytes was abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). We further showed that intracellular α-Syn was reduced after ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) treatment, and the decrease was reversed by MG132 and 3MA. More importantly, GB and BB reduced indirect neurotoxicity to neurons induced by α-Syn-stimulated astrocytic conditioned medium. Together, we firstly find that astrocytes can engulf and degrade α-Syn aggregates via the proteasome and autophagy pathways, and further show that GB and BB enhance astrocytic clearance of α-Syn, which gives us an insight into the novel therapy for PD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Nuo Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Chen ST, Volle D, Jalil J, Wu P, Small GW. Health-Promoting Strategies for the Aging Brain. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:213-236. [PMID: 30686664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the world's population ages and people live longer, the changes in the aging brain present substantial challenges to our health and society. With greater longevity come age-related diseases, many of which have direct and indirect influences on the health of the brain. Although there is some degree of predictable decline in brain functioning with aging, meaningful cognitive decline is not inevitable and is perhaps preventable. In this review, we present the case that the course of aging-related brain disease and dysfunction can be modified. We present the evidence for conditions and risk factors that may contribute to cognitive decline and dementia and for interventions that may mitigate their impact on cognitive functioning later in life, or even prevent them and their cognitive sequelae from developing. Although much work remains to be done to meet the challenges of the aging brain, strategies to promote its health have been demonstrated and offer much promise, which can only be realized if we mount a vigorous public health effort to implement these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
| | - Dax Volle
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jason Jalil
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Pauline Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; the University of California, Los Angeles, Longevity Center, Los Angeles; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
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22
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Ginkgolide B promotes neuronal differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in neural stem cells of the postnatal mammalian subventricular zone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14947. [PMID: 30297722 PMCID: PMC6175824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been used to treat human diseases for thousands of years. Among them, Ginkgo biloba is reported to be beneficial to the nervous system and a potential treatment of neurological disorders. Since the presence of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) brings hope that the brain may heal itself, whether the effect of Ginkgo biloba is on NSCs remains elusive. In this study, we found that Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and one of its main ingredients, ginkgolide B (GB) promoted cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation in NSCs derived from the postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mouse lateral ventricle. Furthermore, the administration of GB increased the nuclear level of β-catenin and activated the canonical Wnt pathway. Knockdown of β-catenin blocked the neurogenic effect of GB, suggesting that GB promotes neuronal differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, our data provide a potential mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of GBE or GB on brain injuries and neurodegenerative disorders.
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23
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Basavan D, Chalichem NSS, Kumar MKS. Phytoconstituents and their Possible Mechanistic Profile for Alzheimer's Disease - A Literature Review. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:263-291. [PMID: 30101703 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180813095637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory is an associated part of life without which livelihood of a human being becomes miserable. As the global aged population is increasing tremendously, time has come to concentrate on tail end life stage diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of such diseases whose origin is enigmatic, having an impact on later stage of life drastically due to irreparable damage of cognition, characterised by the presence of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyper phosphorylated Tau protein as fibrillary tangles. Existing therapeutic regimen mainly focuses on symptomatic relief by targeting neurotransmitters that are secondary to AD pathology. Plant derived licensed drugs, Galantamine and Huperzine-A were studied extensively due to their AChE inhibitory action for mild to moderate cases of AD. Although many studies have proved the efficacy of AChEIs as a preferable symptom reliever, they cannot offer long term protection. The future generation drugs of AD is expected to alter various factors that underlie the disease course with a symptomatic benefit promise. As AD involves complex pathology, it is essential to consider several molecular divergent factors apart from the events that result in the production of toxic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Even though several herbals have shown neuroprotective actions, we have mentioned about the phytoconstituents that have been tested experimentally against different Alzheimer's pathology models. These phytoconstituents need to be considered by the researchers for further drug development process to make them viable clinically, which is currently a lacuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraiswamy Basavan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Nehru S S Chalichem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), Ooty-643001, India
| | - Mohan K S Kumar
- TIFAC CORE Herbal drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy (Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru), ooty-643001, India
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Rocca C, Scavello F, Granieri MC, Pasqua T, Amodio N, Imbrogno S, Gattuso A, Mazza R, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Phoenixin-14: detection and novel physiological implications in cardiac modulation and cardioprotection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:743-756. [PMID: 28965207 PMCID: PMC11105561 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phoenixin-14 (PNX) is a newly identified peptide co-expressed in the hypothalamus with the anorexic and cardioactive Nesfatin-1. Like Nesfatin-1, PNX is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and this suggests a role in peripheral modulation. Preliminary mass spectrography data indicate that, in addition to the hypothalamus, PNX is present in the mammalian heart. This study aimed to quantify PNX expression in the rat heart, and to evaluate whether the peptide influences the myocardial function under basal condition and in the presence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). By ELISA the presence of PNX was detected in both hypothalamus and heart. In plasma of normal, but not of obese rats, the peptide concentrations increased after meal. Exposure of the isolated and Langendorff perfused rat heart to exogenous PNX induces a reduction of contractility and relaxation, without effects on coronary pressure and heart rate. As revealed by immunoblotting, these effects were accompanied by an increase of Erk1/2, Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. PNX (EC50 dose), administered after ischemia, induced post-conditioning-like cardioprotection. This was revealed by a smaller infarct size and a better systolic recovery with respect to those detected on hearts exposed to I/R alone. The peptide also activates the cardioprotective RISK and SAFE cascades and inhibits apoptosis. These effects were also observed in the heart of obese rats. Our data provide a first evidence on the peripheral activity of PNX and on its direct cardiomodulatory and cardioprotective role under both normal conditions and in the presence of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rocca
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - F Scavello
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - M C Granieri
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - T Pasqua
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - N Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - S Imbrogno
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Gattuso
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - R Mazza
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
- Lab of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Cardiac Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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Escitalopram attenuates β-amyloid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in primary hippocampal neurons through the 5-HT1A receptor mediated Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13328-39. [PMID: 26950279 PMCID: PMC4924645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation is an important pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate whether escitalopram could inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms, we treated the rat primary hippocampal neurons with Aβ1-42 and examined the effect of escitalopram on tau hyperphosphorylation. Results showed that escitalopram decreased Aβ1-42-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, escitalopram activated the Akt/GSK-3β pathway, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked the attenuation of tau hyperphosphorylation induced by escitalopram. Moreover, the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT also activated the Akt/GSK-3β pathway and decreased Aβ1-42-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 blocked the activation of Akt/GSK-3β pathway and the attenuation of tau hyperphosphorylation induced by escitalopram. Finally, escitalopram improved Aβ1-42 induced impairment of neurite outgrowth and spine density, and reversed Aβ1-42 induced reduction of synaptic proteins. Our results demonstrated that escitalopram attenuated Aβ1-42-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in primary hippocampal neurons through the 5-HT1A receptor mediated Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Zuo W, Yan F, Zhang B, Li J, Mei D. Advances in the Studies of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Extract on Aging-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:812-826. [PMID: 29344418 PMCID: PMC5758353 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative disorders in public health has promoted in-depth investigations of the underlying pathogenesis and the development of new treatment drugs. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb) is obtained from Ginkgo biloba leaves and has been used for thousands of years. In recent decades, both basic and clinical studies have established the effects of EGb. It is widely used in various degenerative diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, macroangiopathy and more. Here, we reviewed several pharmacological mechanisms of EGb, including its antioxidant properties, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunctions, and effect on apoptosis. We also described some clinical applications of EGb, such as its effect on neuro and cardiovascular protection, and anticancer properties. The above biological functions of EGb are mainly focused on aging-related disorders, but its effect on other diseases remains unclear. Thus, through this review, we aim to encourage further studies on EGb and discover more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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27
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Yang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Sun K, Tao W, Wang Z, Xiao W, Pan Y, Zhang S, Wang Y. Systematic Investigation of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves for Treating Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases in an Animal Model. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1363-1372. [PMID: 28333443 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) are the leading cause of death, and thus the development of novel strategies for preventing and treating such diseases is in urgent need. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), used for thousands of years in Asia and other regions, has been proven effective in certain disorders. As a long-time medicinal herb in TCM, Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs), have been widely used to treat various diseases including CCVDs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of medicinal herbs in treating these diseases are still unclear. Presently, by incorporating pharmacokinetic prescreening, target fishing, and network analysis, an innovative systems-pharmacology platform was introduced to systematically decipher the pharmacological mechanism of action of GBLs for the treatment of CCVDs. The results show that GBLs exhibit a protective effect on CCVDs probably through regulating multiple pathways and hitting on multiple targets involved in several biological pathways. Our work successfully explains the mechanism of efficiency of GBLs for treating CCVDs and, meanwhile, demonstrates that GDJ, an injection generated from GBLs, could be used as a preventive or therapeutic agent in cerebral ischemia. The approach developed in this work offers a new paradigm for systematically understanding the action mechanisms of herb medicine, which will promote the development and application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ke Sun
- College
of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiyang Tao
- College
of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yanqiu Pan
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE),
Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College
of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Priyanka A, Sindhu G, Shyni GL, Preetha Rani MR, Nisha VM, Raghu KG. Bilobalide abates inflammation, insulin resistance and secretion of angiogenic factors induced by hypoxia in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by controlling NF-κB and JNK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 42:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Lu L, Wang S, Fu L, Liu D, Zhu Y, Xu A. Bilobalide protection of normal human melanocytes from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage via promotion of antioxidase expression and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 41:64-73. [PMID: 26178968 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lu
- Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou; Hangzhou China
| | - S. Wang
- Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou; Hangzhou China
| | - L. Fu
- Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou; Hangzhou China
| | - D. Liu
- Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou; Hangzhou China
| | - Y. Zhu
- Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou; Hangzhou China
| | - A. Xu
- Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou; Hangzhou China
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30
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Jiang M, Li J, Peng Q, Liu Y, Liu W, Luo C, Peng J, Li J, Yung KKL, Mo Z. Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury are associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator production and down-regulation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:167. [PMID: 25256700 PMCID: PMC4189683 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are implicated in inflammatory and apoptotic processes of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hence, MAPK pathways represent a promising therapeutic target. Exploring the full potential of inhibitors of MAPK pathways is a useful therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Bilobalide, a predominant sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba leaves, has been shown to exert powerful neuroprotective properties, which are closely related to both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways. We investigated the neuroprotective roles of bilobalide in the models of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) of cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, we attempted to confirm the hypothesis that its protection effect is via modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and MAPK pathways. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MCAO for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Bilobalide was administered intraperitoneally 60 min before induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After reperfusion, neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, infarct weight, and brain edema were assessed. Ischemic penumbrae of the cerebral cortex were harvested to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38 MAPK concentration. Similarly, the influence of bilobalide on the expression of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38 MAPK was also observed in an OGD/R in vitro model of I/R injury. RESULTS Pretreatment with bilobalide (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, infarct weight, brain edema, and concentrations of MDA, nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, and increased SOD activity. Furthermore, bilobalide (5, 10 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly down-regulated both p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 MAPK expression, whereas they had no effect on p-ERK1/2 expression in the ischemic penumbra. Supporting these observations in vivo, pretreatment with bilobalide (50, 100 μM) significantly down-regulated nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, p-JNK1/2, and p-p38 MAPK expression, but did not change p-ERK1/2 expression in rat cortical neurons after OGD/R injury. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the neuroprotective effects of bilobalide on cerebral I/R injury are associated with its inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator production and down-regulation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation.
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31
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Chen F, Li L, Xu F, Sun Y, Du F, Ma X, Zhong C, Li X, Wang F, Zhang N, Li C. Systemic and cerebral exposure to and pharmacokinetics of flavonols and terpene lactones after dosing standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts to rats via different routes of administration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:440-57. [PMID: 23808355 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flavonols and terpene lactones are putatively responsible for the properties of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts that relate to prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and cerebral insufficiency. Here, we characterized rat systemic and cerebral exposure to these ginkgo compounds after dosing, as well as the compounds' pharmacokinetics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats received single or multiple doses of ShuXueNing injection (prepared from GBE50 for intravenous administration) or GBE50 (a standardized extract of G. biloba leaves for oral administration). Brain delivery of the ginkgo compounds was assessed with microdialysis. Various rat samples were analysed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS Slow terminal elimination features of the flavonols counterbalanced the influence of poor oral bioavailability on their systemic exposure levels, which also resulted in significant accumulation of the compounds in plasma during the subchronic treatment with ShuXueNing injection and GBE50. Unlike the flavonols, the terpene lactones had poor enterohepatic circulation due to their rapid renal excretion and unknown metabolism. The flavonol glycosides occurred as major forms in plasma after dosing with ShuXueNing injection, while the flavonol aglycone conjugates were predominant in plasma after dosing with GBE50. Cerebral exposure was negligible for the flavonols and low for the terpene lactones. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Unlike the significant systemic exposure levels, the levels of cerebral exposure to the flavonols and terpene lactones are low. The elimination kinetic differences between the two classes of ginkgo compounds influence their relative systemic exposure levels. The information gained is relevant to linking ginkgo administration to the medicinal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Cytotoxic and cytogenetic effects of α-copaene on rat neuron and N2a neuroblastoma cell lines. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Comparison of Two Old Phytochemicals versus Two Newly Researched Plant-Derived Compounds: Potential for Brain and Other Relevant Ailments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:682717. [PMID: 24949079 PMCID: PMC4034649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/682717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among hundreds of formulae of Chinese herbal prescriptions and recently extracted active components from the herbs, some of which had demonstrated their functions on nervous system. For the last decade or more, Gingko biloba and Polygala tenuifolia were widely studied for their beneficial effects against damage to the brain. Two compounds extracted from Apium graveolens and Rhizoma coptidis, butylphthalide and berberine, respectively, received much attention recently as potential neuroprotective agents. In this review, the two traditionally used herbs and the two relatively new compounds will be discussed with regard to their potential advantages in alleviating brain and other relevant ailments.
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Gao B, Shi HL, Li X, Qiu SP, Wu H, Zhang BB, Wu XJ, Wang ZT. p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways are involved in the pro-apoptotic effect of notoginsenoside Ft1 on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Life Sci 2014; 108:63-70. [PMID: 24857982 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the effect and the mechanisms of notoginsenoside Ft1, a natural compound exclusively found in P. notoginseng, on the proliferation and apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. MAIN METHODS CCK-8 assay was used to assess the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed to measure the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Hoechst 33258 staining was conducted to confirm the morphological changes of apoptotic cells. Protein expression was detected by western blot analysis and caspase 3 activity was measured by colorimetric assay kit. KEY FINDINGS Among the saponins examined, Ft1 showed the best inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells with IC50 of 45μM. Ft1 not only arrested the cell cycle at S, G2/M stages, but also promoted cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Further studies demonstrated that Ft1 up-regulated the protein expressions of cleaved caspase 3, phospho-p53, p21, and cyclin B1, but down-regulated that of Bcl-2. Moreover, Ft1 enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK. However, the phosphorylation of Jak2 and p85 PI3K was reduced by Ft1. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 but not JNK abrogated the up-regulated protein expressions of cleaved caspase 3, p21 and down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2 as well as elevated caspase 3 activity induced by Ft1. SIGNIFICANCE Ft1 arrested the proliferation and elicited the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells possibly via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways, which indicates the potential therapeutic effect of it on human neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Lian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui-Ping Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.
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Liu M, Guo J, Wang J, Zhang L, Pang T, Liao H. Bilobalide Induces Neuronal Differentiation of P19 Embryonic Carcinoma Cells via Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:913-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Megison ML, Gillory LA, Beierle EA. Cell survival signaling in neuroblastoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:563-75. [PMID: 22934706 PMCID: PMC3710698 DOI: 10.2174/1871520611313040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and is responsible for over 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and malignant transformation is driven by overexpression and dominance of cell survival pathways and a lack of normal cellular senescence or apoptosis. Therefore, manipulation of cell survival pathways may decrease the malignant potential of these tumors and provide avenues for the development of novel therapeutics. This review focuses on several facets of cell survival pathways including protein kinases (PI3K, AKT, ALK, and FAK), transcription factors (NF-κB, MYCN and p53), and growth factors (IGF, EGF, PDGF, and VEGF). Modulation of each of these factors decreases the growth or otherwise hinders the malignant potential of neuroblastoma, and many therapeutics targeting these pathways are already in the clinical trial phase of development. Continued research and discovery of effective modulators of these pathways will revolutionize the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Song Y, Zeng Z, Jin C, Zhang J, Ding B, Zhang F. Protective effect of ginkgolide B against acute spinal cord injury in rats and its correlation with the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:610-9. [PMID: 23274522 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ginkgolide B (GB) and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and to explore its regulating effect on secondary cell apoptosis following spinal cord injury (SCI), to elucidate the protective mechanism GB against acute SCI. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, an SCI group, an SCI + GB group, an SCI + methylprednisolone (MP) group, and an SCI + specific JAK inhibitor AG490 group. A rat model of acute SCI was established using the modified Allen's method. At 4 h, 12 h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after injury, injured T10 spinal cord specimens were harvested. GB significantly increased inclined plane test scores and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale scores in SCI rats from postoperative day 3 to day 14. The effect was equal to that of the positive control drug, MP. Western blot analysis showed that JAK(2) was significantly phosphorylated from 4 h after SCI, peaked at 12 h and gradually decreased thereafter, accompanied by phosphorylation of STAT(3) with a similar time course. GB was shown to significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of JAK(2) and STAT(3) in rats with SCI. It significantly increased the ratio of B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein expression at 24 h, led to an obvious down-regulation of caspase-3 gene and protein expression at 3 days, and significantly decreased the cell apoptosis index at each time point after SCI. This effect was similar to that obtained with the JAK-specific inhibitor, AG490. Our experimental findings indicated that GB can protect rats against acute SCI, and that its underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation, improvement of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, decreased caspase-3 gene and protein expression and further inhibition of secondary cell apoptosis following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Zhejiang General Corps of Armed Police Forces, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Shi C, Na N, Zhu X, Xu J. Estrogenic effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on APP processing in post-menopausal platelets. Platelets 2012; 24:51-62. [PMID: 22372534 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.654839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1, an active component of high abundance in ginseng, has recently been reported to possess neuroprotective properties and also identified as a potent phytoestrogen. However, it is unknown whether Rg1 intervenes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, and whether such intervention is associated with its estrogenic activity. Using human platelets, this study demonstrated that Rg1 promoted α-secretase cleavage of APP via estrogenic activity. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway may be involved in the effect of Rg1 on APP metabolism as a downstream effector of estrogen receptor (ER) extranuclear signaling. Estrogen withdrawal is a risk factor for the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rg1 exerts estrogenic activity in APP processing in platelets supporting the use of this compound in the prevention of AD, in particular in postmenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide on Vascular Dementia and Angiogenesis. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:911-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Shi C, Zheng DD, Fang L, Wu F, Kwong WH, Xu J. Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes nonamyloidgenic cleavage of APP via estrogen receptor signaling to MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:453-60. [PMID: 22178929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ), a natural occurring peptide processed from beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), is considered to play a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginsenoside Rg1, an active component in ginseng, has been identified as a phytoestrogen and also found to be neuroprotective. However, it is unknown whether Rg1-induced estrogenic activity intervenes in APP processing, and improves memory performance. METHODS Using HT22 cells and SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing the Swedish mutant APP (APPsw), this study investigated whether Rg1 intervened in APP metabolism through estrogenic activity. Using the ovariectomized (OVX) rats to mimic age-related changes in postmenopausal females, this study also tested the long-term effect of Rg1 on APP metabolism. RESULTS The in vitro study demonstrated that Rg1 increased extracellular secretion of soluble amyloid precursor protein α (sAPPα), enhanced α-secretase activity and decreased extracellular release of Aβ. These effects of Rg1 could be prevented by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), Extracellular-Signal Regulated Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK) and Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. Inhibition of endogenous estrogen receptor (ER) activity abrogated Rg1-triggered release of sAPPα, increase of α-secretase activity, and activation of ERK and Akt signaling. In addition, Rg1 promoted phosphorylation of ERα at Ser118 residue. The in vivo study demonstrated that 8-week Rg1 treatment of OVX rats increased sAPPα levels and decreased Aβ content in the hippocampi, and improved the spatial learning and memory. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Rg1 might be used to slow or prevent AD, in particular in postmenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
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Lang D, Kiewert C, Mdzinarishvili A, Schwarzkopf TM, Sumbria R, Hartmann J, Klein J. Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide are accompanied by a reduction of ischemia-induced glutamate release in vivo. Brain Res 2011; 1425:155-63. [PMID: 22032877 PMCID: PMC3217178 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective properties of bilobalide, a specific constituent of Ginkgo extracts, were tested in a mouse model of stroke. After 24h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), bilobalide reduced infarct areas in the core region (striatum) by 40-50% when given at 10mg/kg 1h prior to MCAO. Neuroprotection was also observed at lower doses, or when the drug was given 1h past stroke induction. Sensorimotor function in mice was improved by bilobalide as shown by corner and chimney tests. When brain metabolism in situ was monitored by microdialysis, MCAO caused a rapid disappearance of extracellular glucose in the striatum which returned to baseline levels after reperfusion. Extracellular levels of glutamate were increased by more than ten-fold in striatal tissue, and by four- to fivefold in hippocampal tissue (penumbra). Bilobalide did not affect glucose levels but strongly attenuated glutamate release in both core and penumbra regions. Bilobalide was equally active when given locally via the microdialysis probe and also reduced ischemia-induced glutamate release in vitro in brain slices. We conclude that bilobalide is a strong neuroprotectant in vivo at doses that can be used therapeutically in humans. The mechanism of action evidently involves reduction of glutamate release, thereby reducing excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Lang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kiewert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter Dr, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Alexander Mdzinarishvili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter Dr, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio University School of Pharmacy, 4209 State Road 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Tina Maria Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rachita Sumbria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter Dr, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Joachim Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter Dr, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter Dr, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Hu YY, Huang M, Dong XQ, Xu QP, Yu WH, Zhang ZY. Ginkgolide B reduces neuronal cell apoptosis in the hemorrhagic rat brain: possible involvement of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1462-1468. [PMID: 21878382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginkgolide B (GB) is one of the ginkgolides that have been isolated from leaves and root bark of the Chinese tree Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), and is a specific and potent antagonist of platelet activating factor. There is a large body of data showing that GB possesses a markedly neuroprotective property against ischemia-induced impairment in vivo and in vitro. Recently it has been found that GB can inhibit the inflammation in the rat brain tissues with ischemia/reperfusion injury and in the astrocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide, as well as protect neurons against beta-amyloid 25-35 and ischemia-induced apoptosis. However, there have been few reports on the influence of GB on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal GB on neuronal cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway after ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats obtained an intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10 and 20mg/kg GB after ICH once a day till day 5. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation at hour 2, 6 and 12, as well as day 1, 2, 3 and 5 after ICH. Gene expressions of TLR-4 and NF-κB, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as number of apoptotic neuronal cells in hemorrhagic rat brain tissues were determined. RESULTS The administration of 10 and 20mg/kg GB could significantly suppress gene expressions of TLR-4 and NF-κB, lessen concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as reduce number of apoptotic neuronal cells in hemorrhagic rat brain tissues by Least-significant Difference test (P<0.05), but the administration of 5mg/kg GB not (P>0.05). However, a clear concentration-response relationship was not found. CONCLUSIONS GB may inhibit TLR4/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses, and furthermore lessen neuronal cell apoptosis after ICH, which may support the use of G. biloba extracts for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
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The Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase-Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Pathway Mediates Bilobalide-Induced Reduction in Amyloid β-Peptide. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:298-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bilobalide regulates soluble amyloid precursor protein release via phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-dependent pathway. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dietary anthocyanins protect endothelial cells against peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and Bax nuclear translocation: an in vitro approach. Apoptosis 2011; 16:976-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Howes MJR, Perry E. The Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia. Drugs Aging 2011; 28:439-68. [DOI: 10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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