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An J, Yang L, Hu Y, Lu W, Wu J, Yang G, Jian S, Wen C, Hu B. Analysis of the immune function of Caspase-3 in Cristaria plicata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109184. [PMID: 37884104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-3 is generally considered to be the most important terminal shear enzyme in the process of apoptosis, as well as an important part of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) killing mechanism, which is confirmed to play an important role in vertebrate cell apoptosis and immune system, and is poorly reported in invertebrates. In this paper, we used bioinformatics to perform amino acid multiple sequence alignment and protein structural domain analysis, and constructed a phylogenetic tree to identify the full-length cDNA of the cloned caspase-3 of Cristaria plicata (Named CpCaspase-3). The expression of caspase-1, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 was found to be down-regulated by double-stranded RNA interference of CpCaspase-3 in C. plicata. Some degree of disruption of the caspase signaling pathway occurs. The expression of CpCaspase-3 was affected after injection of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Peptidoglycan (PGN), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), and Aeromonas hydrophila. These results were suggested that CpCaspase-3 was involved in the immune response of C. plicata. The wound recovery process of C. plicata was simulated and CpCaspase-3 was found to promote wound recovery. An autophagy inhibition and autophagy activation model of mussels was constructed, where apoptosis and autophagy undergo crosstalk, and inhibition of autophagy induces the onset of apoptosis, and similarly autophagy activation inhibits the process of apoptosis instead. In addition, a recombinant CpCaspase-3-pEGFP-C1 plasmid was constructed for subcellular localization experiments and found that CpCaspase-3 was distributed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This paper aims to unveil the immune mechanism of C. plicata and provide a theoretical basis for the healthy culture of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua An
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lang Yang
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yile Hu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wuting Lu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jielian Wu
- Science&Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Baoqing Hu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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2
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Chen X, Wei F, Zhang D, Tian S. Platelet index on admission as a predictor of bacteremia in acute cholangitis: a 7-year retrospective observational study. Platelets 2022; 33:1279-1286. [PMID: 36120827 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2123466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Bacteremia frequently occurs in patients with acute cholangitis, which could increase the risk of mortality. This single-center retrospective observational study was conducted from July 2013 to July 2020 to evaluate the predictive value of platelet index for bacteremia at admission for acute cholecystitis. A total of 285 patients with acute cholangitis were divided into bacteremia group and non-bacteremia group. The incidence of bacteremia in acute cholangitis was 48.42%. The bacteremia group had more grade III patients, higher 30d mortality rate [17(12.32%) vs 8(5.44%), p = .040] and higher incidence of thrombocytopenia [76(55.07%) vs 35(23.81%), p < .001]. Platelet counts and plateletcrit were significantly lower in the bacteremia group [84.5(60, 180) vs 162(102,225) ×109/L and 0.10(0.07, 0.21)% vs 0.18(0.12, 0.25) %, both p < .001]. ROC analysis indicated a high predictive value of platelet count and plateletcrit for bacteremia in patients with acute cholangitis and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.649 and 0.655, respectively. These results support the value of platelet count and plateletcrit in early prediction of bacteremia at admission for acute cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Forth Hospital), Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shijing Tian
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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3
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Guo M, Yi T, Wang Q, Wang D, Feng P, Kesheng D, Chunyan H. TSST-1 protein exerts indirect effect on platelet activation and apoptosis. Platelets 2022; 33:998-1008. [PMID: 35073811 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2026907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction is a risk factor for severe infection. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) releases a variety of virulence factors especially toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), which may cause toxic shock syndrome. S. aureus, when carrying the tst gene, is more prone to cause toxic shock syndrome and is responsible for an especially high rate of mortality. However, the effect of TSST-1 protein on platelets is unknown. Patients with the tst gene positive S. aureus bacteremia showed more serious infection, higher mortality and lower platelet count. The tst gene positive S. aureus strains induce more platelet apoptosis and activation and corresponding up-regulation of Bak and down-regulation of Bcl-XL in addition to the activation of Caspase-3. C57BL/6 mice infected with the tst gene positive strains resulted in both a decrease in platelet count and an increase in platelet apoptosis and/or activation events and mortality. Moreover, TSST-1 protein, encoded by tst gene, caused the decrease of platelet count, the increase of platelet apoptosis and activation events and the level of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. However, TSST-1 protein was unable to induce traditional activation and apoptosis on human platelets in vitro. These results suggested that TSST-1 protein may exert indirect effects on platelet activation and apoptosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dai Kesheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - He Chunyan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Ebermeyer T, Cognasse F, Berthelot P, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157894. [PMID: 34360659 PMCID: PMC8347377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Ebermeyer
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Team GIMAP, CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, U1111, UMR5308, F-69007 Lyon, France;
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Therapeutics, INNOVTE, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Soe YM, Bedoui S, Stinear TP, Hachani A. Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and host cell death pathways. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13317. [PMID: 33550697 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic human pathogen that is globally prevalent. Although S. aureus and humans may have co-evolved to the point of commensalism, the bacterium is equipped with virulence factors causing devastating infections. The adoption of an intracellular lifestyle by S. aureus is an important facet of its pathogenesis. Occupying a privileged intracellular compartment permits evasion from the bactericidal actions of host immunity and antibiotics. However, this localization exposes S. aureus to cell-intrinsic processes comprising autophagy, metabolic challenges and clearance mechanisms orchestrated by host programmed cell death pathways (PCDs), including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Mounting evidence suggests that S. aureus deploys pathoadaptive mechanisms that modulate the expression of its virulence factors to prevent elimination through PCD pathways. In this review, we critically analyse the current literature on the interplay between S. aureus virulence factors with the key, intertwined nodes of PCD. We discuss how S. aureus adaptation to the human host plays an essential role in the evasion of PCD, and we consider future directions to study S. aureus-PCD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mon Soe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Xu DF, Liu YJ, Mao YF, Wang Y, Xu CF, Zhu XY, Jiang L. Elevated angiotensin II induces platelet apoptosis through promoting oxidative stress in an AT1R-dependent manner during sepsis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4124-4135. [PMID: 33624364 PMCID: PMC8051711 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is independently related with increased mortality in severe septic patients. Renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is elevated in septic subjects; accumulating studies show that angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship of platelet apoptosis and RAS system in sepsis have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the RAS was involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia and explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that elevated plasma Ang II was associated with decreased platelet count in both patients with sepsis and experimental animals exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Besides, Ang II treatment induced platelet apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner in primary isolated platelets, which was blocked by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan, but not by angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist PD123319. Moreover, inhibiting AT1R by losartan attenuated LPS‐induced platelet apoptosis and alleviated sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, Ang II treatment induced oxidative stress level in a concentration‐dependent manner in primary isolated platelets, which was partially reversed by the AT1R antagonist losartan. The present study demonstrated that elevated Ang II directly stimulated platelet apoptosis through promoting oxidative stress in an AT1R‐dependent manner in sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia. The results would helpful for understanding the role of RAS system in sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Fei Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Fan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Missiakas D, Winstel V. Selective Host Cell Death by Staphylococcus aureus: A Strategy for Bacterial Persistence. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621733. [PMID: 33552085 PMCID: PMC7859115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell death programs are fundamental processes that shape cellular homeostasis, embryonic development, and tissue regeneration. Death signaling and downstream host cell responses are not only critical to guide mammalian development, they often act as terminal responses to invading pathogens. Here, we briefly review and contrast how invading pathogens and specifically Staphylococcus aureus manipulate apoptotic, necroptotic, and pyroptotic cell death modes to establish infection. Rather than invading host cells, S. aureus subverts these cells to produce diffusible molecules that cause death of neighboring hematopoietic cells and thus shapes an immune environment conducive to persistence. The exploitation of cell death pathways by S. aureus is yet another virulence strategy that must be juxtaposed to mechanisms of immune evasion, autophagy escape, and tolerance to intracellular killing, and brings us closer to the true portrait of this pathogen for the design of effective therapeutics and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Missiakas
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Volker Winstel
- Research Group Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. A Champion of Host Defense: A Generic Large-Scale Cause for Platelet Dysfunction and Depletion in Infection. Semin Thromb Hemost 2020; 46:302-319. [PMID: 32279287 PMCID: PMC7339151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is commonly associated with sepsis and infections, which in turn are characterized by a profound immune reaction to the invading pathogen. Platelets are one of the cellular entities that exert considerable immune, antibacterial, and antiviral actions, and are therefore active participants in the host response. Platelets are sensitive to surrounding inflammatory stimuli and contribute to the immune response by multiple mechanisms, including endowing the endothelium with a proinflammatory phenotype, enhancing and amplifying leukocyte recruitment and inflammation, promoting the effector functions of immune cells, and ensuring an optimal adaptive immune response. During infection, pathogens and their products influence the platelet response and can even be toxic. However, platelets are able to sense and engage bacteria and viruses to assist in their removal and destruction. Platelets greatly contribute to host defense by multiple mechanisms, including forming immune complexes and aggregates, shedding their granular content, and internalizing pathogens and subsequently being marked for removal. These processes, and the nature of platelet function in general, cause the platelet to be irreversibly consumed in the execution of its duty. An exaggerated systemic inflammatory response to infection can drive platelet dysfunction, where platelets are inappropriately activated and face immunological destruction. While thrombocytopenia may arise by condition-specific mechanisms that cause an imbalance between platelet production and removal, this review evaluates a generic large-scale mechanism for platelet depletion as a repercussion of its involvement at the nexus of responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Pengue C, Cesar G, Alvarez MG, Bertocchi G, Lococo B, Viotti R, Natale MA, Castro Eiro MD, Cambiazzo SS, Perroni N, Nuñez M, Albareda MC, Laucella SA. Impaired frequencies and function of platelets and tissue remodeling in chronic Chagas disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218260. [PMID: 31199841 PMCID: PMC6570032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, as a consequence of the persistent infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, leads to continuous activation of the immune system in patients with chronic Chagas disease. We have previously shown that increased sera levels of soluble P-selectin are associated with the severity of the cardiomyopathy distinctive of chronic Chagas disease. In this study, we explored the expression of biomarkers of platelet and endothelial activation, tissue remodeling, and mediators of the coagulation cascade in patients at different clinical stages of chronic Chagas heart disease. The frequencies of activated platelets, measured by the expression of CD41a and CD62P were decreased in patients with chronic Chagas disease compared with those in uninfected subjects, with an inverse association with disease severity. Platelet activation in response to adenosine diphosphate was also decreased in T. cruzi-infected subjects. A major proportion of T. cruzi infected subjects showed increased serum levels of fibrinogen. Patients with severe cardiac dysfunction showed increased levels of endothelin-1 and normal values of procollagen I. In conclusion, chronic infection with T. cruzi induced hemostatic alterations, even in those patients who do not yet present cardiac symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pengue
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Graciela Bertocchi
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Lococo
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Viotti
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ailén Natale
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Nancy Perroni
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Nuñez
- Departamento de Matemática y Física, Facultad Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Albareda
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (SAL); (MCA)
| | - Susana A. Laucella
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. M. Fatala Chaben, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (SAL); (MCA)
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10
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Minasyan H, Flachsbart F. Blood coagulation: a powerful bactericidal mechanism of human innate immunity. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:3-17. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1533009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayk Minasyan
- Private laboratory, Immunology Microbiology, Yerevan, Armenia
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11
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Cato LD, Wearn CM, Bishop JR, Stone MJ, Harrison P, Moiemen N. Platelet count: A predictor of sepsis and mortality in severe burns. Burns 2018; 44:288-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Acetylsalicylic acid differentially limits the activation and expression of cell death markers in human platelets exposed to Staphylococcus aureus strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5610. [PMID: 28717145 PMCID: PMC5514152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their hemostatic functions, platelets alter their inflammatory response according to the bacterial stimulus. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with exacerbated inflammation and thrombocytopenia, which is associated with poor prognosis during sepsis. Acetylsalicylic acid and statins prevent platelet aggregation and decrease the mortality rate during sepsis. Therefore, we assessed whether these two molecules could reduce in vitro platelet activation and the inflammatory response to S. aureus. Platelets were exposed to clinical strains of S. aureus in the presence or absence of acetylsalicylic acid or fluvastatin. Platelet activation, aggregation, and release of soluble sCD62P, sCD40 Ligand, RANTES and GROα were assessed. Platelet cell death was evaluated by analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine exposure, platelet microparticle release and caspase-3 activation. All S. aureus strains induced platelet activation but not aggregation and decreased the platelet count, the expression of cell death markers and the release of RANTES and GROα. Acetylsalicylic acid but not fluvastatin limited platelet activation and inflammatory factor release and restored the platelet count by protecting platelets from Staphylococcus-induced expression of cell death markers. This study demonstrates that acetylsalicylic acid limits S. aureus-induced effects on platelets by reducing cell death, revealing new strategies to reduce the platelet contribution to bacteremia-associated inflammation.
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13
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Garraud O, Chabert A, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Laradi S, Cognasse F. Platelets and immunity: From physiology to pathology. Transfus Clin Biol 2017; 24:83-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Effect of selenylation modification on antitumor activity of peptidoglycan from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:344-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Li M, Wang Z, Ma T, Lu G, Yan R, Zhao L, Deng K, Dai K. Enhanced platelet apoptosis in chronic uremic patients. Ren Fail 2014; 36:847-53. [PMID: 24655051 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.899473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research on platelet apoptosis and its contribution to platelet dysfunction in uremic patients. The present study sought to analyze platelets apoptosis in uremic patients who underwent different dialysis modalities. METHODS Sixteen chronic uremic patients (5 on hemodialysis, 6 on peritoneal dialysis and 5 on non-dialysis) and 16 controls were studied. Platelet-rich plasma was detected for apoptotic events including depolarization of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, activation of caspases-3 and Bcl-2 family proteins variations by Flow Cytometry or by Western-Blot. Washed normal platelets were incubated with normal or uremic platelet poor plasma and then were detected apoptotic events. Platelets function was assessed by ristocetin induced aggregative function test. RESULTS Compared to controls, uremic platelets demonstrated greater apoptosis for the ΔΨm depolarization (43.48 ± 9.58 vs. 52.76 ± 15.36, p = 0.005) as well as PS exposure (1.36 ± 0.51 vs. 0.99 ± 0.27, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference among different treatment groups (for the ΔΨm depolarization f = 0.16, p = 0.85; for the PS exposure f = 1.06, p = 0.36). Western Blot analyses showed caspase-3 activation and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins expression. Platelets exposed to uremic plasma exhibited distinct apoptosis phenomena. Ristocetin induced platelet aggregation was markedly diminished in uremic patients and treated platelets. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that platelets are incurred apoptosis in uremia patients. Uremic plasma accelerates apoptosis of normal platelets, resulting in a dysfunctional pattern of platelets in uremia. Uremic platelets apoptosis has no relationship with dialysis modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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16
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Gründler K, Angstwurm M, Hilge R, Baumann P, Annecke T, Crispin A, Sohn HY, Massberg S, Kraemer BF. Platelet mitochondrial membrane depolarization reflects disease severity in patients with sepsis and correlates with clinical outcome. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R31. [PMID: 24521521 PMCID: PMC4056796 DOI: 10.1186/cc13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, even in modern times, and thrombocytopenia has been closely associated with unfavorable disease outcome. Decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential (depolarization) were found in different tissues during sepsis. Previous work suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction of platelets correlates with clinical disease activity in sepsis. However, platelet mitochondrial membrane potential (Mmp) has not been investigated in a clinical follow-up design and not with regard to disease outcome. Methods In this study, platelet mitochondrial membrane depolarization was assessed by means of a fluorescent Mmp-Index with flow cytometry in 26 patients with sepsis compared with control patients. Platelet Mmp-Index on admission was correlated with the clinical disease scores Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Score (SOFA), and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II). Finally, platelet Mmp-Index on admission and follow-up were compared in the group of sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors. Expression of the prosurvival protein Bcl-xL in platelets was quantified by immunoblotting. Results Platelet mitochondrial membrane depolarization correlated significantly with the simultaneously assessed clinical disease severity by APACHE II (r = -0.867; P < 0.0001), SOFA (r = -0.857; P <0.0001), and SAPS II score (r = -0.839; P < 0.0001). Patients with severe sepsis showed a significant reduction in platelet Mmp-Index compared with sepsis without organ failure (0.18 (0.12 to 0.25) versus 0.79 (0.49 to 0.85), P < 0.0006) or with the control group (0.18 (0.12 to 0.25) versus 0.89 (0.68 to 1.00), P < 0.0001). Platelet Mmp-Index remained persistently low in sepsis nonsurvivors (0.269 (0.230 to 0.305)), whereas we observed recovery of platelet Mmp-Index in the survivor group (0.9 (0.713 to 1.017)). Furthermore, the level of prosurvival protein Bcl-xL decreased in platelets during severe sepsis. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that mitochondrial membrane depolarization in platelets correlates with clinical disease severity in patients with sepsis during the disease course and may be a valuable adjunct parameter to aid in the assessment of disease severity, risk stratification, and clinical outcome.
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Speth C, Löffler J, Krappmann S, Lass-Flörl C, Rambach G. Platelets as immune cells in infectious diseases. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:1431-51. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been shown to cover a broad range of functions. Besides their role in hemostasis, they have immunological functions and thus participate in the interaction between pathogens and host defense. Platelets have a broad repertoire of receptor molecules that enable them to sense invading pathogens and infection-induced inflammation. Consequently, platelets exert antimicrobial effector mechanisms, but also initiate an intense crosstalk with other arms of the innate and adaptive immunity, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and T cells. There is a fragile balance between beneficial antimicrobial effects and detrimental reactions that contribute to the pathogenesis, and many pathogens have developed mechanisms to influence these two outcomes. This review aims to highlight aspects of the interaction strategies between platelets and pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, in addition to the subsequent networking between platelets and other immune cells, and the relevance of these processes for the pathogenesis of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Speth
- Division of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jürgen Löffler
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Infection, Inflammation, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Microbiology Institute – Clinical Microbiology, Immunology & Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen & Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Rambach
- Division of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Platelet mitochondrial membrane potential correlates with severity in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 74:411-7; discussion 418. [PMID: 23354232 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31827a34cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mitochondrial dysfunction has not been thoroughly clarified in the pathogenesis of critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to investigate mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis in circulating platelets in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted from May 2011 to February 2012. Criteria for inclusion were adult patients with SIRS. We used mitochondrial indicator JC-1 in conjunction with flow cytometry to measure ΔΨm and annexin V to evaluate apoptosis in peripheral blood platelets. ΔΨm was expressed as the percentage of platelets with altered ΔΨm. Severity of illness was assessed by SIRS score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. RESULTS This study was composed of 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria and 12 healthy controls. Causes of SIRS were sepsis in 13, trauma in 13, and others in 10 patients. Platelet ΔΨm depolarization was significantly enhanced in patients with SIRS versus that in controls (median [interquartile range], 10.6% [8.1-12.6%] vs. 7.1% [6.1-8.0%]; p < 0.001). The percentage of apoptotic platelets was significantly higher in patients with SIRS than in controls (8.7% [5.5-13.5%] vs. 5.4% [3.9-7.0%]; p = 0.006). Interestingly, ΔΨm depolarization increased significantly with the increase in SIRS scores (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between ΔΨm depolarization and severity of illness, as indicated by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and serum lactate levels (all, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ΔΨm depolarization and apoptosis were enhanced in circulating platelets in patients with SIRS. Our findings suggest that ΔΨm depolarization may be associated with the progression of SIRS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic study, level III.
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Abed M, Towhid ST, Pakladok T, Alesutan I, Götz F, Gulbins E, Lang F. Effect of bacterial peptidoglycan on erythrocyte death and adhesion to endothelial cells. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:182-9. [PMID: 23537625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycans, bacterial wall components, have previously been shown to trigger eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Phosphatidylserine exposing erythrocytes adhere to the vascular wall at least partially by interaction of erythrocytic phosphatidylserine with endothelial CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16). The present study explored whether peptidoglycan exposure fosters the adhesion of erythrocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). To this end, HUVEC were treated for 48 h with peptidoglycan (10 μg/ml) and CXCL16 abundance determined by confocal microscopy and FACS analysis. Moreover, human erythrocytes were exposed for 48 h to peptidoglycan (10 μg/ml) and phosphatidylserine exposure estimated from binding of fluorescent annexin-V, cell volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis and erythrocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from trapping of labeled erythrocytes in a flow chamber. As a result, bacterial peptidoglycan exposure was followed by increased CXCL16 expression in HUVEC as well as erythrocyte shrinkage, phosphatidylserine exposure and adhesion to HUVEC under flow conditions at arterial shear rates. The adhesion was significantly attenuated but not abrogated in the presence of either, erythrocyte phosphatidylserine-coating annexin-V (5 μl/ml) or CXCL16 neutralizing antibody directed against endothelial CXCL16 (4 μg/ml). In conclusion, exposure to peptidoglycan increases endothelial CXCL16 expression and leads to eryptosis followed by phosphatidylserine- and CXCL16-mediated adhesion of eryptotic erythrocytes to vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Abed
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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