1
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Sharkey LKR, Guerillot R, Walsh CJ, Turner AM, Lee JYH, Neville SL, Klatt S, Baines SL, Pidot SJ, Rossello FJ, Seemann T, McWilliam HEG, Cho E, Carter GP, Howden BP, McDevitt CA, Hachani A, Stinear TP, Monk IR. The two-component system WalKR provides an essential link between cell wall homeostasis and DNA replication in Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2023; 14:e0226223. [PMID: 37850732 PMCID: PMC10746227 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02262-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the 16 two-component systems in the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, only WalKR is essential. Like the orthologous systems in other Bacillota, S. aureus WalKR controls autolysins involved in peptidoglycan remodeling and is therefore intimately involved in cell division. However, despite the importance of WalKR in S. aureus, the basis for its essentiality is not understood and the regulon is poorly defined. Here, we defined a consensus WalR DNA-binding motif and the direct WalKR regulon by using functional genomics, including chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, with a panel of isogenic walKR mutants that had a spectrum of altered activities. Consistent with prior findings, the direct regulon includes multiple autolysin genes. However, this work also revealed that WalR directly regulates at least five essential genes involved in lipoteichoic acid synthesis (ltaS): translation (rplK), DNA compaction (hup), initiation of DNA replication (dnaA, hup) and purine nucleotide metabolism (prs). Thus, WalKR in S. aureus serves as a polyfunctional regulator that contributes to fundamental control over critical cell processes by coordinately linking cell wall homeostasis with purine biosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and DNA replication. Our findings further address the essentiality of this locus and highlight the importance of WalKR as a bona fide target for novel anti-staphylococcal therapeutics. IMPORTANCE The opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses an array of protein sensing systems called two-component systems (TCS) to sense environmental signals and adapt its physiology in response by regulating different genes. This sensory network is key to S. aureus versatility and success as a pathogen. Here, we reveal for the first time the full extent of the regulatory network of WalKR, the only staphylococcal TCS that is indispensable for survival under laboratory conditions. We found that WalKR is a master regulator of cell growth, coordinating the expression of genes from multiple, fundamental S. aureus cellular processes, including those involved in maintaining cell wall metabolism, protein biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and the initiation of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. R. Sharkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romain Guerillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Calum J. Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrianna M. Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie L. Neville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephan Klatt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sacha J. Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fernando J. Rossello
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish E. G. McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P. Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A. McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Giulieri SG, Guérillot R, Holmes NE, Baines SL, Hachani A, Hayes AS, Daniel DS, Seemann T, Davis JS, Van Hal S, Tong SYC, Stinear TP, Howden BP. A statistical genomics framework to trace bacterial genomic predictors of clinical outcomes in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113069. [PMID: 37703880 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of severe bacterial infections are determined by the interplay between host, pathogen, and treatments. While human genomics has provided insights into host factors impacting Staphylococcus aureus infections, comparatively little is known about S. aureus genotypes and disease severity. Building on the hypothesis that bacterial pathoadaptation is a key outcome driver, we developed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) framework to identify adaptive mutations associated with treatment failure and mortality in S. aureus bacteremia (1,358 episodes). Our research highlights the potential of vancomycin-selected mutations and vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as key explanatory variables to predict infection severity. The contribution of bacterial variation was much lower for clinical outcomes (heritability <5%); however, GWASs allowed us to identify additional, MIC-independent candidate pathogenesis loci. Using supervised machine learning, we were able to quantify the predictive potential of these adaptive signatures. Our statistical genomics framework provides a powerful means to capture adaptive mutations impacting severe bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Diane S Daniel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Sebastiaan Van Hal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Victorian Infectious Disease Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Centre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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3
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Hachani A, Giulieri SG, Guérillot R, Walsh CJ, Herisse M, Soe YM, Baines SL, Thomas DR, Cheung SD, Hayes AS, Cho E, Newton HJ, Pidot S, Massey RC, Howden BP, Stinear TP. A high-throughput cytotoxicity screening platform reveals agr-independent mutations in bacteraemia-associated Staphylococcus aureus that promote intracellular persistence. eLife 2023; 12:84778. [PMID: 37289634 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with high mortality rates. Often considered an extracellular pathogen, S. aureus can persist and replicate within host cells, evading immune responses, and causing host cell death. Classical methods for assessing S. aureus cytotoxicity are limited by testing culture supernatants and endpoint measurements that do not capture the phenotypic diversity of intracellular bacteria. Using a well-established epithelial cell line model, we have developed a platform called InToxSa (intracellular toxicity of S. aureus) to quantify intracellular cytotoxic S. aureus phenotypes. Studying a panel of 387 S. aureus bacteraemia isolates, and combined with comparative, statistical, and functional genomics, our platform identified mutations in S. aureus clinical isolates that reduced bacterial cytotoxicity and promoted intracellular persistence. In addition to numerous convergent mutations in the Agr quorum sensing system, our approach detected mutations in other loci that also impacted cytotoxicity and intracellular persistence. We discovered that clinical mutations in ausA, encoding the aureusimine non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, reduced S. aureus cytotoxicity, and increased intracellular persistence. InToxSa is a versatile, high-throughput cell-based phenomics platform and we showcase its utility by identifying clinically relevant S. aureus pathoadaptive mutations that promote intracellular residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Calum J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marion Herisse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye Mon Soe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Shane Doris Cheung
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ellie Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sacha Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Mu A, Klare WP, Baines SL, Ignatius Pang CN, Guérillot R, Harbison-Price N, Keller N, Wilksch J, Nhu NTK, Phan MD, Keller B, Nijagal B, Tull D, Dayalan S, Chua HHC, Skoneczny D, Koval J, Hachani A, Shah AD, Neha N, Jadhav S, Partridge SR, Cork AJ, Peters K, Bertolla O, Brouwer S, Hancock SJ, Álvarez-Fraga L, De Oliveira DMP, Forde B, Dale A, Mujchariyakul W, Walsh CJ, Monk I, Fitzgerald A, Lum M, Correa-Ospina C, Roy Chowdhury P, Parton RG, De Voss J, Beckett J, Monty F, McKinnon J, Song X, Stephen JR, Everest M, Bellgard MI, Tinning M, Leeming M, Hocking D, Jebeli L, Wang N, Ben Zakour N, Yasar SA, Vecchiarelli S, Russell T, Zaw T, Chen T, Teng D, Kassir Z, Lithgow T, Jenney A, Cole JN, Nizet V, Sorrell TC, Peleg AY, Paterson DL, Beatson SA, Wu J, Molloy MP, Syme AE, Goode RJA, Hunter AA, Bowland G, West NP, Wilkins MR, Djordjevic SP, Davies MR, Seemann T, Howden BP, Pascovici D, Tyagi S, Schittenhelm RB, De Souza DP, McConville MJ, Iredell JR, Cordwell SJ, Strugnell RA, Stinear TP, Schembri MA, Walker MJ. Integrative omics identifies conserved and pathogen-specific responses of sepsis-causing bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1530. [PMID: 36934086 PMCID: PMC10024524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Even in the setting of optimal resuscitation in high-income countries severe sepsis and septic shock have a mortality of 20-40%, with antibiotic resistance dramatically increasing this mortality risk. To develop a reference dataset enabling the identification of common bacterial targets for therapeutic intervention, we applied a standardized genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic technological framework to multiple clinical isolates of four sepsis-causing pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Exposure to human serum generated a sepsis molecular signature containing global increases in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, consistent with cell envelope remodelling and nutrient adaptation for osmoprotection. In addition, acquisition of cholesterol was identified across the bacterial species. This detailed reference dataset has been established as an open resource to support discovery and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - William P Klare
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah L Baines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C N Ignatius Pang
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioinformatics Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nichaela Harbison-Price
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nadia Keller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wilksch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernhard Keller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hwa Huat Charlie Chua
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominik Skoneczny
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Koval
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitika Neha
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Snehal Jadhav
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally R Partridge
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cork
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia Bertolla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephan Brouwer
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven J Hancock
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura Álvarez-Fraga
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David M P De Oliveira
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Forde
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Dale
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warasinee Mujchariyakul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Calum J Walsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mabel Lum
- Bioplatforms Australia Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolina Correa-Ospina
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James De Voss
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Beckett
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francois Monty
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica McKinnon
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Stephen
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Everest
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matt I Bellgard
- Office of eResearch, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Tinning
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Leeming
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dianna Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nancy Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nouri Ben Zakour
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serhat A Yasar
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefano Vecchiarelli
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tonia Russell
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tyrone Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Don Teng
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zena Kassir
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Jenney
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR and Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jemma Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna E Syme
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J A Goode
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam A Hunter
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Grahame Bowland
- Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital/ Westmead Institute, and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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5
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Howden BP, Giulieri SG, Wong Fok Lung T, Baines SL, Sharkey LK, Lee JYH, Hachani A, Monk IR, Stinear TP. Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:380-395. [PMID: 36707725 PMCID: PMC9882747 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are common, causing high mortality, compounded by the propensity of the bacterium to develop drug resistance. S. aureus is an excellent case study of the potential for a bacterium to be commensal, colonizing, latent or disease-causing; these states defined by the interplay between S. aureus and host. This interplay is multidimensional and evolving, exemplified by the spread of S. aureus between humans and other animal reservoirs and the lack of success in vaccine development. In this Review, we examine recent advances in understanding the S. aureus-host interactions that lead to infections. We revisit the primary role of neutrophils in controlling infection, summarizing the discovery of new immune evasion molecules and the discovery of new functions ascribed to well-known virulence factors. We explore the intriguing intersection of bacterial and host metabolism, where crosstalk in both directions can influence immune responses and infection outcomes. This Review also assesses the surprising genomic plasticity of S. aureus, its dualism as a multi-mammalian species commensal and opportunistic pathogen and our developing understanding of the roles of other bacteria in shaping S. aureus colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Howden
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.410678.c0000 0000 9374 3516Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Microbiology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Stefano G. Giulieri
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Tania Wong Fok Lung
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Paediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah L. Baines
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Liam K. Sharkey
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Lee
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.419789.a0000 0000 9295 3933Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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6
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Lim HJ, Wubben JM, Garcia CP, Cruz-Gomez S, Deng J, Mak JY, Hachani A, Anderson RJ, Painter GF, Goyette J, Amarasinghe SL, Ritchie ME, Roquilly A, Fairlie DP, Gaus K, Rossjohn J, Villadangos JA, McWilliam HE. A specialized tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in MR1 controls antigen presentation to MAIT cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213489. [PMID: 36129434 PMCID: PMC9499830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1 is a highly conserved microbial immune-detection system in mammals. It captures vitamin B-related metabolite antigens from diverse microbes and presents them at the cell surface to stimulate MR1-restricted lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MR1 presentation and MAIT cell recognition mediate homeostasis through host defense and tissue repair. The cellular mechanisms regulating MR1 cell surface expression are critical to its function and MAIT cell recognition, yet they are poorly defined. Here, we report that human MR1 is equipped with a tyrosine-based motif in its cytoplasmic domain that mediates low affinity binding with the endocytic adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex. This interaction controls the kinetics of MR1 internalization from the cell surface and minimizes recycling. We propose MR1 uses AP2 endocytosis to define the duration of antigen presentation to MAIT cells and the detection of a microbial metabolic signature by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacinta M. Wubben
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristian Pinero Garcia
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Cruz-Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieru Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y.W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regan J. Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shanika L. Amarasinghe
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Jose A. Villadangos:
| | - Hamish E.G. McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Correspondence to Hamish E.G. McWilliam:
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7
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. In silico investigation of the genus Campylobacter type VI secretion system reveals genetic diversity in organization and putative effectors. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000898. [PMID: 36314601 PMCID: PMC9676060 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are contractile nanomachines that deliver proteinic substrates into target prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and the surrounding milieu. The genus Campylobacter encompasses 39 recognized species and 13 subspecies, with many belonging to a group known as ‘emerging Campylobacter pathogens’. Within Campylobacter , seven species have been identified to harbour a complete T6SS cluster but have yet to be comparatively assessed. In this study, using systematic bioinformatics approaches and the T6SS-positive Campylobacter jejuni 488 strain as a reference, we explored the genus-wide prevalence, similarity and make-up of the T6SS amongst 372 publicly available ‘complete’ Campylobacter genomes. Our analyses predict that approximately one-third of Campylobacter species possess a T6SS. We also putatively report the first identification of a T6SS in four species: Campylobacter cuniculorum, Campylobacter helveticus, Campylobacter armoricus and Campylobacter ornithocola . The Campylobacter T6SSs cluster into three distinct organizations (I–III), of which two break down into further variants. Thirty T6SS-containing genomes were found to harbour more than one vgrG gene, with Campylobacter lari strain NCTC 11845 possessing five. Analysis of the C. jejuni Pathogenicity Island-1 confirmed its conservation amongst T6SS-positive C. jejuni strains, as well as highlighting its diverse genetic composition, including additional putative effector–immunity pairs (e.g. PoNe and DUF1911 domains). Effector–immunity pairs were also observed neighbouring vgrG s in several other Campylobacter species, in addition to putative genes encoding nucleases, lysozymes, ATPases and a ferric ATP-binding cassette uptake system. These observations highlight the diverse genetic make-up of the T6SS within Campylobacter and provide further evidence of its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
- Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences – King Mihai I of Romania from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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8
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Giulieri SG, Guérillot R, Duchene S, Hachani A, Daniel D, Seemann T, Davis JS, Tong SYC, Young BC, Wilson DJ, Stinear TP, Howden BP. Niche-specific genome degradation and convergent evolution shaping Staphylococcus aureus adaptation during severe infections. eLife 2022; 11:77195. [PMID: 35699423 PMCID: PMC9270034 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During severe infections, Staphylococcus aureus moves from its colonising sites to blood and tissues and is exposed to new selective pressures, thus, potentially driving adaptive evolution. Previous studies have shown the key role of the agr locus in S. aureus pathoadaptation; however, a more comprehensive characterisation of genetic signatures of bacterial adaptation may enable prediction of clinical outcomes and reveal new targets for treatment and prevention of these infections. Here, we measured adaptation using within-host evolution analysis of 2590 S. aureus genomes from 396 independent episodes of infection. By capturing a comprehensive repertoire of single nucleotide and structural genome variations, we found evidence of a distinctive evolutionary pattern within the infecting populations compared to colonising bacteria. These invasive strains had up to 20-fold enrichments for genome degradation signatures and displayed significantly convergent mutations in a distinctive set of genes, linked to antibiotic response and pathogenesis. In addition to agr-mediated adaptation, we identified non-canonical, genome-wide significant loci including sucA-sucB and stp1. The prevalence of adaptive changes increased with infection extent, emphasising the clinical significance of these signatures. These findings provide a high-resolution picture of the molecular changes when S. aureus transitions from colonisation to severe infection and may inform correlation of infection outcomes with adaptation signatures. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus lives harmlessly on our skin and noses. However, occasionally, it gets into our blood and internal organs, such as our bones and joints, where it causes severe, long-lasting infections that are difficult to treat. Over time, S. aureus acquire characteristics that help them to adapt to different locations, such as transitioning from the nose to the blood, and avoid being killed by antibiotics. Previous studies have identified changes, or ‘mutations’, in genes that are likely to play an important role in this evolutionary process. One of these genes, called accessory gene regulator (or agr for short), has been shown to control the mechanisms S. aureus use to infect cells and disseminate in the body. However, it is unclear if there are changes in other genes that also help S. aureus adapt to life inside the human body. To help resolve this mystery, Giulieri et al. collected 2,500 samples of S. aureus from almost 400 people. This included bacteria harmlessly living on the skin or in the nose, as well as strains that caused an infection. Gene sequencing revealed a small number of genes, referred to as ‘adaptive genes’, that often acquire mutations during infection. Of these, agr was the most commonly altered. However, mutations in less well-known genes were also identified: some of these genes are related to resistance to antibiotics, while others are involved in chemical processes that help the bacteria to process nutrients. Most mutations were caused by random errors being introduced in to the bacteria’s genetic code which stopped genes from working. However, in some cases, genes were turned off by small fragments of DNA moving around and inserting themselves into different parts of the genome. This study highlights a group of genes that help S. aureus to thrive inside the body and cause severe and prolonged infections. If these results can be confirmed, it may help to guide which antibiotics are used to treat different infections. Furthermore, understanding which genes are important for infection could lead to new strategies for eliminating this dangerous bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano G Giulieri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Romain Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastian Duchene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diane Daniel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Steven Y C Tong
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Vourc’h M, Roquilly A, Foucher A, Retiere C, Feuillet F, Devi S, McWilliam HE, Braudeau C, Bourreille G, Hachani A, O’Kane D, Mueller SN, Ischia J, Roussel JC, Rigal JC, Josien R, Rozec B, Villadangos JA, Asehnoune K. Transfusion-Related Renal Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:627-638. [PMID: 35958696 PMCID: PMC9357562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Following cardiac surgery, 20% of patients will present with AKI, which is associated with increased mortality, and transfusion increases the risk of AKI. The main objective was to determine whether the composition of transfusion was associated with AKI. In this study, AKI patients received higher amount of MRP_14 through transfusion vs non-AKI. MRP_14 has been reported to activate and enhance neutrophil transmigration into damaged tissues. In a murine model of ischemia-reperfusion, MRP_14 increased renal damage and enhanced neutrophil influx into the kidney. MRP_14 also increased neutrophilic-trogocytosis toward tubular cells. The sex of the donor and the method of preparation of the blood determined the concentration of MRP_14 in packed red blood cells.
Transfusion is a specific cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. Whether there is an association between the composition of blood products and the onset of AKI is unknown. The present study suggests that the transfusion of packed red blood cells containing a high amount of myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP_14) could increase the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery. In a mouse model, MRP_14 increased the influx of neutrophils in the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion and their ability to damage tubular cells. Higher concentrations of MRP_14 were found in packed red blood cells from female donors or prepared by whole blood filtration.
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10
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Wong Fok Lung T, Charytonowicz D, Beaumont KG, Shah SS, Sridhar SH, Gorrie CL, Mu A, Hofstaedter CE, Varisco D, McConville TH, Drikic M, Fowler B, Urso A, Shi W, Fucich D, Annavajhala MK, Khan IN, Oussenko I, Francoeur N, Smith ML, Stockwell BR, Lewis IA, Hachani A, Upadhyay Baskota S, Uhlemann AC, Ahn D, Ernst RK, Howden BP, Sebra R, Prince A. Klebsiella pneumoniae induces host metabolic stress that promotes tolerance to pulmonary infection. Cell Metab 2022; 34:761-774.e9. [PMID: 35413274 PMCID: PMC9081115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
K. pneumoniae sequence type 258 (Kp ST258) is a major cause of healthcare-associated pneumonia. However, it remains unclear how it causes protracted courses of infection in spite of its expression of immunostimulatory lipopolysaccharide, which should activate a brisk inflammatory response and bacterial clearance. We predicted that the metabolic stress induced by the bacteria in the host cells shapes an immune response that tolerates infection. We combined in situ metabolic imaging and transcriptional analyses to demonstrate that Kp ST258 activates host glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation. This response creates an oxidant-rich microenvironment conducive to the accumulation of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells. In this setting, metabolically active Kp ST258 elicits a disease-tolerant immune response. The bacteria, in turn, adapt to airway oxidants by upregulating the type VI secretion system, which is highly conserved across ST258 strains worldwide. Thus, much of the global success of Kp ST258 in hospital settings can be explained by the metabolic activity provoked in the host that promotes disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristin G Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shivang S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shwetha H Sridhar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Claire L Gorrie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andre Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Casey E Hofstaedter
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David Varisco
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Marija Drikic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andreacarola Urso
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dario Fucich
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Medini K Annavajhala
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ibrahim N Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Irina Oussenko
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nancy Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa L Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Collaborative Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mt. Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Sema4: A Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT 06902, USA
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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11
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Tran BM, Grimley SL, McAuley JL, Hachani A, Earnest L, Wong SL, Caly L, Druce J, Purcell DFJ, Jackson DC, Catton M, Nowell CJ, Leonie L, Deliyannis G, Waters SA, Torresi J, Vincan E. Air-Liquid-Interface Differentiated Human Nose Epithelium: A Robust Primary Tissue Culture Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:835. [PMID: 35055020 PMCID: PMC8776210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global urgency to uncover medical countermeasures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has revealed an unmet need for robust tissue culture models that faithfully recapitulate key features of human tissues and disease. Infection of the nose is considered the dominant initial site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and models that replicate this entry portal offer the greatest potential for examining and demonstrating the effectiveness of countermeasures designed to prevent or manage this highly communicable disease. Here, we test an air-liquid-interface (ALI) differentiated human nasal epithelium (HNE) culture system as a model of authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Progenitor cells (basal cells) were isolated from nasal turbinate brushings, expanded under conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) culture conditions and differentiated at ALI. Differentiated cells were inoculated with different SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates. Infectious virus release into apical washes was determined by TCID50, while infected cells were visualized by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. We demonstrate robust, reproducible SARS-CoV-2 infection of ALI-HNE established from different donors. Viral entry and release occurred from the apical surface, and infection was primarily observed in ciliated cells. In contrast to the ancestral clinical isolate, the Delta variant caused considerable cell damage. Successful establishment of ALI-HNE is donor dependent. ALI-HNE recapitulate key features of human SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nose and can serve as a pre-clinical model without the need for invasive collection of human respiratory tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang M. Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Samantha L. Grimley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Julie L. McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Linda Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Sharon L. Wong
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.L.W.); (S.A.W.)
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - David C. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Imaging, FACS and Analysis Core, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Laura Leonie
- Melbourne Histology Platform, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Shafagh A. Waters
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (S.L.W.); (S.A.W.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.L.G.); (J.L.M.); (A.H.); (L.E.); (D.F.J.P.); (D.C.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (J.D.); (M.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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12
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Tran TT, Mathmann CD, Gatica-Andrades M, Rollo RF, Oelker M, Ljungberg JK, Nguyen TTK, Zamoshnikova A, Kummari LK, Wyer OJK, Irvine KM, Melo-Bolívar J, Gross A, Brown D, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Hansford KA, Cooper MA, Giri R, Schreiber V, Joseph SR, Simpson F, Barnett TC, Johansson J, Dankers W, Harris J, Wells TJ, Kapetanovic R, Sweet MJ, Latomanski EA, Newton HJ, Guérillot RJR, Hachani A, Stinear TP, Ong SY, Chandran Y, Hartland EL, Kobe B, Stow JL, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Begun J, Kling JC, Blumenthal A. Inhibition of the master regulator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence enables bacterial clearance from spacious replication vacuoles in infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010166. [PMID: 35007292 PMCID: PMC8746789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes pathogenesis is bacterial escape from maturing entry vacuoles, which is required for rapid bacterial replication in the host cell cytoplasm and cell-to-cell spread. The bacterial transcriptional activator PrfA controls expression of key virulence factors that enable exploitation of this intracellular niche. The transcriptional activity of PrfA within infected host cells is controlled by allosteric coactivation. Inhibitory occupation of the coactivator site has been shown to impair PrfA functions, but consequences of PrfA inhibition for L. monocytogenes infection and pathogenesis are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of PrfA with a small molecule inhibitor occupying the coactivator site at 2.0 Å resolution. Using molecular imaging and infection studies in macrophages, we demonstrate that PrfA inhibition prevents the vacuolar escape of L. monocytogenes and enables extensive bacterial replication inside spacious vacuoles. In contrast to previously described spacious Listeria-containing vacuoles, which have been implicated in supporting chronic infection, PrfA inhibition facilitated progressive clearance of intracellular L. monocytogenes from spacious vacuoles through lysosomal degradation. Thus, inhibitory occupation of the PrfA coactivator site facilitates formation of a transient intravacuolar L. monocytogenes replication niche that licenses macrophages to effectively eliminate intracellular bacteria. Our findings encourage further exploration of PrfA as a potential target for antimicrobials and highlight that intra-vacuolar residence of L. monocytogenes in macrophages is not inevitably tied to bacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Thanh Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Rachel F. Rollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Tam T. K. Nguyen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lalith K. Kummari
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Orry J. K. Wyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Annette Gross
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren Brown
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y. W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rabina Giri
- Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Joseph
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy C. Barnett
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Wendy Dankers
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eleanor A. Latomanski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley J. Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Romain J. R. Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze Ying Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yogeswari Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Hartland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jakob Begun
- Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica C. Kling
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Xia D, van Vliet AHM, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. Corrigendum: Bioinformatic Analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System and Effector Prediction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:793252. [PMID: 34867930 PMCID: PMC8637873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.793252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Robinson L, Liaw J, Omole Z, Xia D, van Vliet AHM, Corcionivoschi N, Hachani A, Gundogdu O. Bioinformatic Analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System and Effector Prediction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694824. [PMID: 34276628 PMCID: PMC8285248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) has important roles relating to bacterial antagonism, subversion of host cells, and niche colonisation. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide and is a commensal coloniser of birds. Although recently discovered, the T6SS biological functions and identities of its effectors are still poorly defined in C. jejuni. Here, we perform a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the C. jejuni T6SS by investigating the prevalence and genetic architecture of the T6SS in 513 publicly available genomes using C. jejuni 488 strain as reference. A unique and conserved T6SS cluster associated with the Campylobacter jejuni Integrated Element 3 (CJIE3) was identified in the genomes of 117 strains. Analyses of the T6SS-positive 488 strain against the T6SS-negative C. jejuni RM1221 strain and the T6SS-positive plasmid pCJDM202 carried by C. jejuni WP2-202 strain defined the “T6SS-containing CJIE3” as a pathogenicity island, thus renamed as Campylobacter jejuni Pathogenicity Island-1 (CJPI-1). Analysis of CJPI-1 revealed two canonical VgrG homologues, CJ488_0978 and CJ488_0998, harbouring distinct C-termini in a genetically variable region downstream of the T6SS operon. CJPI-1 was also found to carry a putative DinJ-YafQ Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) module, conserved across pCJDM202 and the genomic island CJIE3, as well as several open reading frames functionally predicted to encode for nucleases, lipases, and peptidoglycan hydrolases. This comprehensive in silico study provides a framework for experimental characterisation of T6SS-related effectors and TA modules in C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Robinson
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Omole
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Soe YM, Bedoui S, Stinear TP, Hachani A. Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and host cell death pathways. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13317. [PMID: 33550697 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic human pathogen that is globally prevalent. Although S. aureus and humans may have co-evolved to the point of commensalism, the bacterium is equipped with virulence factors causing devastating infections. The adoption of an intracellular lifestyle by S. aureus is an important facet of its pathogenesis. Occupying a privileged intracellular compartment permits evasion from the bactericidal actions of host immunity and antibiotics. However, this localization exposes S. aureus to cell-intrinsic processes comprising autophagy, metabolic challenges and clearance mechanisms orchestrated by host programmed cell death pathways (PCDs), including apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Mounting evidence suggests that S. aureus deploys pathoadaptive mechanisms that modulate the expression of its virulence factors to prevent elimination through PCD pathways. In this review, we critically analyse the current literature on the interplay between S. aureus virulence factors with the key, intertwined nodes of PCD. We discuss how S. aureus adaptation to the human host plays an essential role in the evasion of PCD, and we consider future directions to study S. aureus-PCD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mon Soe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Wood TE, Aksoy E, Hachani A. From Welfare to Warfare: The Arbitration of Host-Microbiota Interplay by the Type VI Secretion System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:587948. [PMID: 33194832 PMCID: PMC7604300 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of mammals depends on a complex interplay with their microbial ecosystems. Compartments exposed to external environments such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract accommodate the gut microbiota, composed by a wide range of bacteria. The gut microbiome confers benefits to the host, including expansion of metabolic potential and the development of an immune system that can robustly protect from external and internal insults. The cooperation between gut microbiome and host is enabled in part by the formation of partitioned niches that harbor diverse bacterial phyla. Bacterial secretion systems are commonly employed to manipulate the composition of these local environments. Here, we explore the roles of the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS), present in ~25% of gram-negative bacteria, including many symbionts, in the establishment and perturbation of bacterial commensalism, and symbiosis in host mucosal sites. This versatile apparatus drives bacterial competition, although in some cases can also interfere directly with host cells and facilitate nutrient acquisition. In addition, some bacterial pathogens cause disease when their T6SS leads to dysbiosis and subverts host immune responses in defined animal models. This review explores our knowledge of the T6SS in the context of the “host-microbiota-pathogen” triumvirate and examines contexts in which the importance of this secretion system may be underappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Wood TE, Howard SA, Förster A, Nolan LM, Manoli E, Bullen NP, Yau HCL, Hachani A, Hayward RD, Whitney JC, Vollmer W, Freemont PS, Filloux A. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS Delivers a Periplasmic Toxin that Disrupts Bacterial Cell Morphology. Cell Rep 2020; 29:187-201.e7. [PMID: 31577948 PMCID: PMC6899460 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is crucial in interbacterial competition and is a virulence determinant of many Gram-negative bacteria. Several T6SS effectors are covalently fused to secreted T6SS structural components such as the VgrG spike for delivery into target cells. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the VgrG2b effector was previously proposed to mediate bacterial internalization into eukaryotic cells. In this work, we find that the VgrG2b C-terminal domain (VgrG2bC-ter) elicits toxicity in the bacterial periplasm, counteracted by a cognate immunity protein. We resolve the structure of VgrG2bC-ter and confirm it is a member of the zinc-metallopeptidase family of enzymes. We show that this effector causes membrane blebbing at midcell, which suggests a distinct type of T6SS-mediated growth inhibition through interference with cell division, mimicking the impact of β-lactam antibiotics. Our study introduces a further effector family to the T6SS arsenal and demonstrates that VgrG2b can target both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The structure of the VgrG2b C-terminal domain presents a metallopeptidase fold VgrG2b exerts antibacterial activity in the periplasmic space Toxicity of VgrG2b is counteracted by a cognate periplasmic immunity protein VgrG2bC-ter-intoxicated prey cells bleb at the midcell and lyse
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wood
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie A Howard
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andreas Förster
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Laura M Nolan
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eleni Manoli
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nathan P Bullen
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Hamish C L Yau
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard D Hayward
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - John C Whitney
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Paul S Freemont
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Kuba M, Neha N, Newton P, Lee YW, Bennett-Wood V, Hachani A, De Souza DP, Nijagal B, Dayalan S, Tull D, McConville MJ, Sansom FM, Newton HJ. EirA Is a Novel Protein Essential for Intracellular Replication of Coxiella burnetii. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00913-19. [PMID: 32205404 PMCID: PMC7240097 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00913-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever, a febrile illness which can cause a serious chronic infection. C. burnetii is a unique intracellular bacterium which replicates within host lysosome-derived vacuoles. The ability of C. burnetii to replicate within this normally hostile compartment is dependent on the activity of the Dot/Icm type 4B secretion system. In a previous study, a transposon mutagenesis screen suggested that the disruption of the gene encoding the novel protein CBU2072 rendered C. burnetii incapable of intracellular replication. This protein, subsequently named EirA (essential for intracellular replication A), is indispensable for intracellular replication and virulence, as demonstrated by infection of human cell lines and in vivo infection of Galleria mellonella The putative N-terminal signal peptide is essential for protein function but is not required for localization of EirA to the bacterial inner membrane compartment and axenic culture supernatant. In the absence of EirA, C. burnetii remains viable but nonreplicative within the host phagolysosome, as coinfection with C. burnetii expressing native EirA rescues the replicative defect in the mutant strain. In addition, while the bacterial ultrastructure appears to be intact, there is an altered metabolic profile shift in the absence of EirA, suggesting that EirA may impact overall metabolism. Most strikingly, in the absence of EirA, Dot/Icm effector translocation was inhibited even when EirA-deficient C. burnetii replicated in the wild type (WT)-supported Coxiella containing vacuoles. EirA may therefore have a novel role in the control of Dot/Icm activity and represent an important new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitika Neha
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrice Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Wei Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Bennett-Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dedreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona M Sansom
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Liaw J, Hong G, Davies C, Elmi A, Sima F, Stratakos A, Stef L, Pet I, Hachani A, Corcionivoschi N, Wren BW, Gundogdu O, Dorrell N. The Campylobacter jejuni Type VI Secretion System Enhances the Oxidative Stress Response and Host Colonization. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2864. [PMID: 31921044 PMCID: PMC6927950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in Campylobacter jejuni is poorly understood despite an increasing prevalence of the T6SS in recent C. jejuni isolates in humans and chickens. The T6SS is a contractile secretion machinery capable of delivering effectors that can play a role in host colonization and niche establishment. During host colonization, C. jejuni is exposed to oxidative stress in the host gastrointestinal tract, and in other bacteria the T6SS has been linked with the oxidative stress response. In this study, comparisons of whole genome sequences of a novel human isolate 488 with previously sequenced strains revealed a single highly conserved T6SS cluster shared between strains isolated from humans and chickens. The presence of a functional T6SS in the 488 wild-type strain is indicated by expression of T6SS genes and secretion of the effector TssD. Increased expression of oxidative stress response genes katA, sodB, and ahpC, and increased oxidative stress resistance in 488 wild-type strain suggest T6SS is associated with oxidative stress response. The role of the T6SS in interactions with host cells is explored using in vitro and in vivo models, and the presence of the T6SS is shown to increase C. jejuni cytotoxicity in the Galleria mellonella infection model. In biologically relevant models, the T6SS enhances C. jejuni interactions with and invasion of chicken primary intestinal cells and enhances the ability of C. jejuni to colonize chickens. This study demonstrates that the C. jejuni T6SS provides defense against oxidative stress and enhances host colonization, and highlights the importance of the T6SS during in vivo survival of T6SS-positive C. jejuni strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Liaw
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geunhye Hong
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cadi Davies
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Sima
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Stratakos
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Pet
- Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bioengineering of Animal Science Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael the I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Guenifi W, Boukhrissa H, Gasmi A, Rais M, Ouyahia A, Hachani A, Diab N, Mechakra S, Lacheheb A. Thromboses veineuses cérébrales au cours de la méningo-encéphalite tuberculeuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 41:210-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Hachani A, Wood TE, Filloux A. Type VI secretion and anti-host effectors. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 29:81-93. [PMID: 26722980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secretion systems play a central role in infectious diseases by enabling pathogenic bacteria to deliver virulence factors into target cells. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) mediates bacterial antagonism in various environments including eukaryotic niches, such as the gut. This molecular machine injects lethal toxins directly in target bacterial cells. It provides an advantage to pathogens encountering the commensal flora of the host and indirectly contributes to colonization and persistence. Yet, the T6SS is not employed for the sole purpose of bacterial killing and several T6SS effectors are dedicated to the subversion of eukaryotic cells. As described for type III and type IV secretion systems, these effectors impede host cell functions and promote immune evasion, thereby enabling successful infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, United Kingdom; Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infection and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Thomas E Wood
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW72AZ London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Mokline A, Rahmani I, Gharsallah L, Hachani A, Tlaili S, Hammouda R, Gasri B, Ksontini A, Mesadi AA. Intraabdominal hypertension in burn patients. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4471297 DOI: 10.1186/cc14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Hachani A, Mokline A, Gasri B, Gharsallah L, Rahmani I, Hammouda R, Tlaili S, Messadi A. P101: La perte du poids est un facteur de morbi-mortalité chez le brûlé. NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Ma LS, Hachani A, Lin JS, Filloux A, Lai EM. Agrobacterium tumefaciens deploys a superfamily of type VI secretion DNase effectors as weapons for interbacterial competition in planta. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:94-104. [PMID: 24981331 PMCID: PMC4096383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a widespread molecular weapon deployed by many Proteobacteria to target effectors/toxins into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. We report that Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium that triggers tumorigenesis in plants, produces a family of type VI DNase effectors (Tde) that are distinct from previously known polymorphic toxins and nucleases. Tde exhibits an antibacterial DNase activity that relies on a conserved HxxD motif and can be counteracted by a cognate immunity protein, Tdi. In vitro, A. tumefaciens T6SS could kill Escherichia coli but triggered a lethal counterattack by Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon injection of the Tde toxins. However, in an in planta coinfection assay, A. tumefaciens used Tde effectors to attack both siblings cells and P. aeruginosa to ultimately gain a competitive advantage. Such acquired T6SS-dependent fitness in vivo and conservation of Tde-Tdi couples in bacteria highlights a widespread antibacterial weapon beneficial for niche colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay-Sun Ma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jer-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Erh-Min Lai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a supra-molecular complex akin to bacteriophage tails, with VgrG proteins acting as a puncturing device. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa H1-T6SS has been extensively characterized. It is involved in bacterial killing and in the delivery of three toxins, Tse1–3. Here, we demonstrate the independent contribution of the three H1-T6SS co-regulated vgrG genes, vgrG1abc, to bacterial killing. A putative toxin is encoded in the vicinity of each vgrG gene, supporting the concept of specific VgrG/toxin couples. In this respect, VgrG1c is involved in the delivery of an Rhs protein, RhsP1. The RhsP1 C terminus carries a toxic activity, from which the producing bacterium is protected by a cognate immunity. Similarly, VgrG1a-dependent toxicity is associated with the PA0093 gene encoding a two-domain protein with a putative toxin domain (Toxin_61) at the C terminus. Finally, VgrG1b-dependent killing is detectable upon complementation of a triple vgrG1abc mutant. The VgrG1b-dependent killing is mediated by PA0099, which presents the characteristics of the superfamily nuclease 2 toxin members. Overall, these data develop the concept that VgrGs are indispensable components for the specific delivery of effectors. Several additional vgrG genes are encoded on the P. aeruginosa genome and are not linked genetically to other T6SS genes. A closer inspection of these clusters reveals that they also encode putative toxins. Overall, these associations further support the notion of an original form of secretion system, in which VgrG acts as the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke P Allsopp
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yewande Oduko
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Filloux
- From the MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Cherradi Y, Hachani A, Allaoui A. Spa13 of Shigella flexneri has a dual role: chaperone escort and export gate-activator switch of the type III secretion system. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:130-141. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.071712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) is used by numerous Gram-negative pathogens to inject virulence factors into eukaryotic cells. The Shigella flexneri T3SA spans the bacterial envelope and its assembly requires the products of ~20 mxi and spa genes. Despite progress made in understanding how the T3SA is assembled, the role of several predicted soluble components, such as Spa13, remains elusive. Here, we show that the secretion defect of the spa13 mutant is associated with lack of T3SA assembly which is partly due to the instability of the needle component MxiH. In contrast to its Yersinia counterpart, Spa13 is not a secreted protein. We identified a network of interactions between Spa13 and the ATPase Spa47, the C-ring protein Spa33, and the inner-membrane protein Spa40. Moreover, we revealed a Spa13 interaction with the inner-membrane MxiA and showed that overexpression of the large cytoplasmic domain of MxiA in the WT background shuts off secretion. Lastly, we demonstrated that Spa13 interacts with the cleaved form of Spa40 and with the translocator chaperone IpgC, suggesting that Spa13 intervenes during the secretion hierarchy switch process. Collectively, our results support a dual role of Spa13 as a chaperone escort and as an export gate-activator switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Cherradi
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Abdelmounaaïm Allaoui
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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27
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Aksoy E, Taboubi S, Torres D, Delbauve S, Hachani A, Whitehead MA, Pearce WP, Berenjeno-Martin I, Nock G, Filloux A, Beyaert R, Flamand V, Vanhaesebroeck B. Erratum: Corrigendum: The p110δ isoform of the kinase PI(3)K controls the subcellular compartmentalization of TLR4 signaling and protects from endotoxic shock. Nat Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/ni0813-877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are molecular nanomachines allowing Gram-negative bacteria to transport and inject proteins into a wide variety of target cells1,2. The T6SS is composed of 13 core components and displays structural similarities with the tail-tube of bacteriophages3. The phage uses a tube and a puncturing device to penetrate the cell envelope of target bacteria and inject DNA. It is proposed that the T6SS is an inverted bacteriophage device creating a specific path in the bacterial cell envelope to drive effectors and toxins to the surface. The process could be taken further and the T6SS device could perforate other cells with which the bacterium is in contact, thus injecting the effectors into these targets. The tail tube and puncturing device parts of the T6SS are made with Hcp and VgrG proteins, respectively4,5. The versatility of the T6SS has been demonstrated through studies using various bacterial pathogens. The Vibrio cholerae T6SS can remodel the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic host cells by injecting an "evolved" VgrG carrying a C-terminal actin cross-linking domain6,7. Another striking example was recently documented using Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is able to target and kill bacteria in a T6SS-dependent manner, therefore promoting the establishment of bacteria in specific microbial niches and competitive environment8,9,10. In the latter case, three T6SS-secreted proteins, namely Tse1, Tse2 and Tse3 have been identified as the toxins injected in the target bacteria (Figure 1). The donor cell is protected from the deleterious effect of these effectors via an anti-toxin mechanism, mediated by the Tsi1, Tsi2 and Tsi3 immunity proteins8,9,10. This antimicrobial activity can be monitored when T6SS-proficient bacteria are co-cultivated on solid surfaces in competition with other bacterial species or with T6SS-inactive bacteria of the same species8,11,12,13. The data available emphasized a numerical approach to the bacterial competition assay, including time-consuming CFU counting that depends greatly on antibiotic makers. In the case of antibiotic resistant strains like P. aeruginosa, these methods can be inappropriate. Moreover, with the identification of about 200 different T6SS loci in more than 100 bacterial genomes14, a convenient screening tool is highly desirable. We developed an assay that is easy to use and requires standard laboratory material and reagents. The method offers a rapid and qualitative technique to monitor the T6SS-dependent bactericidal/bacteriostasis activity by using a reporter strain as a prey (in this case Escherichia coli DH5α) allowing a-complementation of the lacZ gene. Overall, this method is graphic and allows rapid identification of T6SS-related phenotypes on agar plates. This experimental protocol may be adapted to other strains or bacterial species taking into account specific conditions such as growth media, temperature or time of contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London
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29
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Aksoy E, Taboubi S, Torres D, Delbauve S, Hachani A, Whitehead MA, Pearce WP, Berenjeno IM, Nock G, Filloux A, Beyaert R, Flamand V, Vanhaesebroeck B. The p110δ isoform of the kinase PI(3)K controls the subcellular compartmentalization of TLR4 signaling and protects from endotoxic shock. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:1045-1054. [PMID: 23023391 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide activates plasma-membrane signaling and endosomal signaling by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) through the TIRAP-MyD88 and TRAM-TRIF adaptor complexes, respectively, but it is unclear how the signaling switch between these cell compartments is coordinated. In dendritic cells, we found that the p110δ isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) induced internalization of TLR4 and dissociation of TIRAP from the plasma membrane, followed by calpain-mediated degradation of TIRAP. Accordingly, inactivation of p110δ prolonged TIRAP-mediated signaling from the plasma membrane, which augmented proinflammatory cytokine production while decreasing TRAM-dependent endosomal signaling that generated anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and interferon-β). In line with that altered signaling output, p110δ-deficient mice showed enhanced endotoxin-induced death. Thus, by controlling the 'topology' of TLR4 signaling complexes, p110δ balances overall homeostasis in the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Salma Taboubi
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Torres
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Delbauve
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Whitehead
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Wayne P Pearce
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Inma M Berenjeno
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Nock
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alain Filloux
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Flamand
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Centre for Cell Signaling, Barts Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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30
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Sana TG, Hachani A, Bucior I, Soscia C, Garvis S, Termine E, Engel J, Filloux A, Bleves S. The second type VI secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 is regulated by quorum sensing and Fur and modulates internalization in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27095-105. [PMID: 22665491 PMCID: PMC3411052 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.376368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 contains three type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) called H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS. The H1-T6SS secretes three identified toxins that target other bacteria, providing a fitness advantage for P. aeruginosa, and likely contributes to bacterial pathogenesis in chronic infections. However, no specific substrates or defined roles have been described for the two other systems. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of H2-T6SS genes of strain PAO1 is up-regulated during the transition from exponential to stationary phase growth and regulated by the Las and Rhl quorum sensing systems. In addition, we identify two putative Fur boxes in the promoter region and find that H2-T6SS transcription is negatively regulated by iron. We also show that the H2-T6SS system enhances bacterial uptake into HeLa cells (75% decrease in internalization with a H2-T6SS mutant) and into lung epithelial cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway that induces Akt activation in the host cell (50% decrease in Akt phosphorylation). Finally, we show that H2-T6SS plays a role in P. aeruginosa virulence in the worm model. Thus, in contrast to H1-T6SS, H2-T6SS modulates interaction with eukaryotic host cells. Together, T6SS can carry out different functions that may be important in establishing chronic P. aeruginosa infections in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault G Sana
- Aix-Marseille Université et CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR7255, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
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31
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Hachani A, Lossi NS, Hamilton A, Jones C, Bleves S, Albesa-Jové D, Filloux A. Type VI secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: secretion and multimerization of VgrG proteins. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12317-27. [PMID: 21325275 PMCID: PMC3069435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium causing chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Such infections are associated with an active type VI secretion system (T6SS), which consists of about 15 conserved components, including the AAA+ ATPase, ClpV. The T6SS secretes two categories of proteins, VgrG and Hcp. Hcp is structurally similar to a phage tail tube component, whereas VgrG proteins show similarity to the puncturing device at the tip of the phage tube. In P. aeruginosa, three T6SSs are known. The expression of H1-T6SS genes is controlled by the RetS sensor. Here, 10 vgrG genes were identified in the PAO1 genome, among which three are co-regulated with H1-T6SS, namely vgrG1a/b/c. Whereas VgrG1a and VgrG1c were secreted in a ClpV1-dependent manner, secretion of VgrG1b was ClpV1-independent. We show that VgrG1a and VgrG1c form multimers, which confirmed the VgrG model predicting trimers similar to the tail spike. We demonstrate that Hcp1 secretion requires either VgrG1a or VgrG1c, which may act independently to puncture the bacterial envelope and give Hcp1 access to the surface. VgrG1b is not required for Hcp1 secretion. Thus, VgrG1b does not require H1-T6SS for secretion nor does H1-T6SS require VgrG1b for its function. Finally, we show that VgrG proteins are required for secretion of a genuine H1-T6SS substrate, Tse3. Our results demonstrate that VgrG proteins are not only secreted components but are essential for secretion of other T6SS substrates. Overall, we emphasize variability in behavior of three P. aeruginosa VgrGs, suggesting that, although very similar, distinct VgrGs achieve specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Bordi C, Lamy MC, Ventre I, Termine E, Hachani A, Fillet S, Roche B, Bleves S, Méjean V, Lazdunski A, Filloux A. Regulatory RNAs and the HptB/RetS signalling pathways fine-tune Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. Mol Microbiol 2010; 76:1427-43. [PMID: 20398205 PMCID: PMC2904497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogenesis often depends on regulatory networks, two-component systems and small RNAs (sRNAs). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the RetS sensor pathway downregulates expression of two sRNAs, rsmY and rsmZ. Consequently, biofilm and the Type Six Secretion System (T6SS) are repressed, whereas the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) is activated. We show that the HptB signalling pathway controls biofilm and T3SS, and fine-tunes P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. We demonstrate that RetS and HptB intersect at the GacA response regulator, which directly controls sRNAs production. Importantly, RetS controls both sRNAs, whereas HptB exclusively regulates rsmY expression. We reveal that HptB signalling is a complex regulatory cascade. This cascade involves a response regulator, with an output domain belonging to the phosphatase 2C family, and likely an anti-anti-σ factor. This reveals that the initial input in the Gac system comes from several signalling pathways, and the final output is adjusted by a differential control on rsmY and rsmZ. This is exemplified by the RetS-dependent but HptB-independent control on T6SS. We also demonstrate a redundant action of the two sRNAs on T3SS gene expression, while the impact on pel gene expression is additive. These features underpin a novel mechanism in the fine-tuned regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bordi
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UPR9027, CNRS-IMM, Université de la Méditerranée, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
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Sadovskaya I, Vinogradov E, Li J, Hachani A, Kowalska K, Filloux A. High-level antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: the ndvB gene is involved in the production of highly glycerol-phosphorylated beta-(1->3)-glucans, which bind aminoglycosides. Glycobiology 2010; 20:895-904. [PMID: 20348539 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that affects immunocompromised individuals and causes life-threatening infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Colonization of CF lung by P. aeruginosa involves a biofilm mode of growth, which is promoted by the production of exopolysaccharides. These polymers are essential components of the extracellular biofilm matrix. P. aeruginosa possesses several clusters contributing to the formation of the matrix, including the pel or psl genes. In the present study, we identified anionic cyclic glucans produced by P. aeruginosa, which are associated with the matrix of strains PAKDeltaretS and PA14. Their structure has been elucidated using chemical analysis, 1- and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and mass spectrometry. They belong to a family of cyclic beta-(1-->3)-linked glucans of 12-16 glucose residues with 30-50% of glucose units substituted by 1-phosphoglycerol at O-6. These glucans were also recovered in pel mutant strains, which indicated that their biosynthesis was pel independent. In an effort to understand the biogenesis of these glucans, we analyzed the matrix components of a previously characterized P. aeruginosa PA14 mutant, the PA14::ndvB mutant strain. The ndvB gene was predicted to be involved in the synthesis of perisplasmic glucans, capable of physically interacting with aminoglycoside antibiotics. We revealed that the highly glycerol-phosphorylated beta-(1-->3)-glucans are lacking in the ndvB mutant, and we showed that these glucans are capable of direct binding with the aminoglycoside antibiotic kanamycin. This observation fills a gap in our understanding of the relationship between biofilm, cyclic glucans and high-level antibiotic resistance.
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Filloux A, Hachani A, Bleves S. The bacterial type VI secretion machine: yet another player for protein transport across membranes. Microbiology 2008; 154:1570-1583. [PMID: 18524912 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/016840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several secretion systems have evolved that are widespread among Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, a new secretion system was recognized, which is named the type VI secretion system (T6SS). The T6SS components are encoded within clusters of genes initially identified as IAHP for IcmF-associated homologous proteins, since they were all found to contain a gene encoding an IcmF-like component. IcmF was previously reported as a component of the type IV secretion system (T4SS). However, with the exception of DotU, other T4SS components are not encoded within T6SS loci. Thus, the T6SS is probably a novel kind of complex multi-component secretion machine, which is often involved in interaction with eukaryotic hosts, be it a pathogenic or a symbiotic relationship. The expression of T6SS genes has been reported to be mostly induced in vivo. Interestingly, expression and assembly of T6SSs are tightly controlled at both the transcriptional and the post-translational level. This may allow a timely control of T6SS assembly and function. Two types of proteins, generically named Hcp and VgrG, are secreted via these systems, but it is not entirely clear whether they are truly secreted effector proteins or are actually components of the T6SS. The precise role and mode of action of the T6SS is still unknown. This review describes current knowledge about the T6SS and summarizes its hallmarks and its differences from other secretion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Filloux
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UPR9027, CNRS-IBSM, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.,Imperial College London, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, South Kensington Campus, Flowers Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UPR9027, CNRS-IBSM, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France.,Imperial College London, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, South Kensington Campus, Flowers Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophie Bleves
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UPR9027, CNRS-IBSM, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France
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Hachani A, Biskri L, Rossi G, Marty A, Ménard R, Sansonetti P, Parsot C, Van Nhieu GT, Bernardini ML, Allaoui A. IpgB1 and IpgB2, two homologous effectors secreted via the Mxi-Spa type III secretion apparatus, cooperate to mediate polarized cell invasion and inflammatory potential of Shigella flexenri. Microbes Infect 2007; 10:260-8. [PMID: 18316224 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 11/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are present in many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria and mediate the translocation of bacterial effector proteins into host cells. Here, we report the phenotypic characterization of S. flexneri ipgB1 and ipgB2 mutants, in which the genes encoding the IpgB1 and IpgB2 effectors have been inactivated, either independently or simultaneously. Like IpgB1, we found that IpgB2 is secreted by the T3SS and its secretion requires the Spa15 chaperone. Upon infection of semi-confluent HeLa cells, the ipgB2 mutant exhibited the same invasive capacity as the wild-type strain and the ipgB1 mutant was 50% less invasive. Upon infection of polarised Caco2-cells, the ipgB2 mutant did not show a significant defect in invasion and the ipgB1 mutant was slightly more invasive than the wild-type strain. Entry of the ipgB1 ipgB2 mutant in polarized cells was reduced by 70% compared to the wild-type strain. Upon infection of the cornea in Guinea pigs, the ipgB2 mutant exhibited a wild-type phenotype, the ipgB1 mutant was hypervirulent and elicited a more pronounced proinflammatory response, while the ipgB1 ipgB2 mutant was highly attenuated. The attenuated phenotype of the ipgB1 ipgB2 mutant was confirmed using a murine pulmonary model of infection and histopathology and immunochemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Hachani
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculté de Médecine, Route de Lennik, 808, CP 614 B, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Soscia C, Hachani A, Bernadac A, Filloux A, Bleves S. Cross talk between type III secretion and flagellar assembly systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:3124-32. [PMID: 17307856 PMCID: PMC1855843 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01677-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxicity is linked to a type III secretion system (T3SS) that delivers effectors into the host cell. We show here that a negative cross-control exists between T3SS and flagellar assembly. We observed that, in a strain lacking flagella, T3SS gene expression, effector secretion, and cytotoxicity were increased. Conversely, we revealed that flagellar-gene expression and motility were decreased in a strain overproducing ExsA, the T3SS master regulator. Interestingly, a nonmotile strain lacking the flagellar filament (DeltafliC) presented a hyperefficient T3SS and a nonmotile strain assembling flagella (DeltamotAB) did not. More intriguingly, a strain lacking motCD genes is a flagellated strain with a slight defect in swimming. However, in this strain, T3SS gene expression was up-regulated. These results suggest that flagellar assembly and/or mobility antagonizes the T3SS and that a negative cross talk exists between these two systems. An illustration of this is the visualization by electron microscopy of T3SS needles in a nonmotile P. aeruginosa strain, needles which otherwise are not detected. The molecular basis of the cross talk is complex and remains to be elucidated, but proteins like MotCD might have a crucial role in signaling between the two processes. In addition, we found that the GacA response regulator negatively affects the T3SS. In a gacA mutant, the T3SS effector ExoS is hypersecreted. Strikingly, GacA was previously reported as a positive regulator for motility. Globally, our data document the idea that some virulence factors are coordinately but inversely regulated, depending on the bacterial colonization phase and infection types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Soscia
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), CNRS-IBSM-UPR9027, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Penno C, Hachani A, Biskri L, Sansonetti P, Allaoui A, Parsot C. Transcriptional slippage controls production of type III secretion apparatus components in Shigella flexneri. Mol Microbiol 2006; 62:1460-8. [PMID: 17059566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During transcription, series of approximately 9 As or Ts can direct RNA polymerase to incorporate into the mRNA nucleotides not encoded by the DNA, changing the reading frame downstream from the slippage site. We detected series of 9 or 10 As in spa13, spa33 and mxiA encoding type III secretion apparatus components. Analysis of cDNAs indicated that transcriptional slippage occurs in spa13, mxiA and spa33. Changes in the reading frame were confirmed by using plasmids carrying slippage sites in the 5' part of lacZ. Slippage is required for production of Spa13 from two overlapping reading frames and should lead to production of truncated MxiA and Spa33 proteins. Complementation of spa13 and mxiA mutants with plasmids carrying altered sites indicated that slippage in spa13 is required for assembly of the secretion apparatus and that slippage sites in spa13 and mxiA have not been selected to encode Lys residues or to produce two proteins endowed with different activities. The presence of slippage sites decreases production of Spa13 by 70%, of MxiA and Spa33 by 15% and of Spa32 (encoded downstream from spa13) by 50%. These results suggest that transcriptional slippage controls protein production by reducing the proportion of mRNA translated into functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Penno
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Magdalena J, Hachani A, Chamekh M, Jouihri N, Gounon P, Blocker A, Allaoui A. Spa32 regulates a switch in substrate specificity of the type III secreton of Shigella flexneri from needle components to Ipa proteins. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:3433-41. [PMID: 12057936 PMCID: PMC135143 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.13.3433-3441.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Accepted: 04/03/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (TTSS) are essential virulence determinants of many gram-negative bacteria and serve, upon physical contact with target cells, to translocate bacterial proteins directly across eukaryotic cell membranes. The Shigella TTSS is encoded by the mxi/spa loci located on its virulence plasmid. By electron microscopy secretons are visualized as tripartite with an external needle, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic bulb. In the present study, we generated a Shigella spa32 mutant and studied its phenotype. The spa32 gene shows low sequence homology to Salmonella TTSS1 invJ/spaN and to flagellar fliK. The spa32 mutant, like the wild-type strain, secreted the Ipas and IpgD, which are normally secreted via the TTSS, at low levels into the growth medium. However, unlike the wild-type strain, the spa32 mutant could neither be induced to secrete the Ipas and IpgD instantaneously upon addition of Congo red nor penetrate HeLa cells in vitro. Additionally, the Spa32 protein is secreted in large amounts by the TTSS during exponential growth but not upon Congo red induction. Interestingly, electron microscopy analysis of the spa32 mutant revealed that the needle of its secretons were up to 10 times longer than those of the wild type. In addition, in the absence of induction, the spa32 mutant secreted normal levels of MxiI but a large excess of MxiH. Taken together, our data indicate that the spa32 mutant presents a novel phenotype and that the primary defect of the mutant may be its inability to regulate or control secretion of MxiH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Magdalena
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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